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3. The International Climate Psychology Collaboration: Climate change-related data collected from 63 countries

Author

Doell, Kimberly C., Todorova, Boryana, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Bak Coleman, Joseph B., Pronizius, Ekaterina, Schumann, Philipp, Azevedo, Flavio, Patel, Yash, Berkebile-Wineberg, Michael M., Brick, Cameron, Lange, Florian, Grayson, Samantha J., Pei, Yifei, Chakroff, Alek, van den Broek, Karlijn L., Lamm, Claus, Vlasceanu, Denisa, Constantino, Sara M., Rathje, Steve, Goldwert, Danielle, Fang, Ke, Aglioti, Salvatore Maria, Alfano, Mark, Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J., Andersen, Angélica, Anseel, Frederik, Apps, Matthew A. J., Asadli, Chillar, Awuor, Fonda Jane, Basaglia, Piero, Bélanger, Jocelyn J., Berger, Sebastian, Bertin, Paul, Białek, Michał, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Blaya-Burgo, Michelle, Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., Bø, Simen, Boecker, Lea, Boggio, Paulo S., Borau, Sylvie, Borau, Sylvie, Bos, Björn, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, Brauer, Markus, Brik, Tymofii, Briker, Roman, Brosch, Tobias, Buchel, Ondrej, Buonauro, Daniel, Butalia, Radhika, Carvacho, Héctor, Chamberlain, Sarah A. E., Chan, Hang-Yee, Chow, Dawn, Chung, Dongil, Cian, Luca, Cohen-Eick, Noa, Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian, Contu, Davide, Cristea, Vladimir, Cutler, Jo, D’Ottone, Silvana, De keersmaecker, Jonas, Delcourt, Sarah, Delouvée, Sylvain, Diel, Kathi, Douglas, Benjamin D., Drupp, Moritz A., Dubey, Shreya, Ekmanis, Jānis, Elbaek, Christian T., Elsherif, Mahmoud, Engelhard, Iris M., Escher, Yannik A., Etienne, Tom W., Farage, Laura, Farias, Ana Rita, Feuerriegel, Stefan, Findor, Andrej, Freira, Lucia, Friese, Malte, Gains, Neil Philip, Gallyamova, Albina, Geiger, Sandra J., Genschow, Oliver, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Goldberg, Beth, Goldenberg, Amit, Gradidge, Sarah, Grassini, Simone, Gray, Kurt, Grelle, Sonja, Griffin, Siobhán M., Grigoryan, Lusine, Grigoryan, Ani, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Gruber, June, Guilaran, Johnrev, Hadar, Britt, Hahnel, Ulf J. J., Halperin, Eran, Harvey, Annelie J., Haugestad, Christian A. P., Herman, Aleksandra M., Hershfield, Hal E., Himichi, Toshiyuki, Hine, Donald W., Hofmann, Wilhelm, Howe, Lauren, Huaman-Chulluncuy, Enma T., Huang, Guanxiong, Ishii, Tatsunori, Ito, Ayahito, Jia, Fanli, Jost, John T., Jovanović, Veljko, Jurgiel, Dominika, Kácha, Ondřej, Kankaanpää, Reeta, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, Mintz, Keren Kaplan, Kaya, Ilker, Kaya, Ozgur, Khachatryan, Narine, Klas, Anna, Klein, Colin, Klöckner, Christian A., Koppel, Lina, Kosachenko, Alexandra I., Kothe, Emily J., Krebs, Ruth, Krosch, Amy R., Krouwel, Andre P. M., Kyrychenko, Yara, Lagomarsino, Maria, Cunningham, Julia Lee, Lees, Jeffrey, Leung, Tak Yan, Levy, Neil, Lockwood, Patricia L., Longoni, Chiara, Ortega, Alberto López, Loschelder, David D., Lu, Jackson G., Luo, Yu, Luomba, Joseph, Lutz, Annika E., Majer, Johann M., Markowitz, Ezra, Marsh, Abigail A., Mascarenhas, Karen Louise, Mbilingi, Bwambale, Mbungu, Winfred, McHugh, Cillian, Meijers, Marijn H. C., Mercier, Hugo, Mhagama, Fenant Laurent, Michalaki, Katerina, Mikus, Nace, Milliron, Sarah G., Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Monge-Rodríguez, Fredy S., Mora, Youri L., Morais, Michael J., Moreau, David, Motoki, Kosuke, Moyano, Manuel, Mus, Mathilde, Navajas, Joaquin, Nguyen, Tam Luong, Nguyen, Dung Minh, Nguyen, Trieu, Niemi, Laura, Nijssen, Sari R. R., Nilsonne, Gustav, Nitschke, Jonas P., Nockur, Laila, Okura, Ritah, Öner, Sezin, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, Palumbo, Helena, Panagopoulos, Costas, Panasiti, Maria Serena, Pärnamets, Philip, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, Pavlov, Yuri G., Payán-Gómez, César, Pearson, Adam R., da Costa, Leonor Pereira, Petrowsky, Hannes M., Pfattheicher, Stefan, Pham, Nhat Tan, Ponizovskiy, Vladimir, Pretus, Clara, Rêgo, Gabriel G., Reimann, Ritsaart, Rhoads, Shawn A., Riano-Moreno, Julian, Richter, Isabell, Röer, Jan Philipp, Rosa-Sullivan, Jahred, Ross, Robert M., Sabherwal, Anandita, Saito, Toshiki, Sarrasin, Oriane, Say, Nicolas, Schmid, Katharina, Schmitt, Michael T., Schoenegger, Philipp, Scholz, Christin, Schug, Mariah G., Schulreich, Stefan, Shreedhar, Ganga, Shuman, Eric, Sivan, Smadar, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Soliman, Meikel, Soud, Katia, Spampatti, Tobia, Sparkman, Gregg, Spasovski, Ognen, Stanley, Samantha K., Stern, Jessica A., Strahm, Noel, Suko, Yasushi, Sul, Sunhae, Syropoulos, Stylianos, Taylor, Neil C., Tedaldi, Elisa, Tinghög, Gustav, Huynh, Luu Duc Toan, Travaglino, Giovanni Antonio, Tsakiris, Manos, Tüter, İlayda, Tyrala, Michael, Uluğ, Özden Melis, Urbanek, Arkadiusz, Valko, Danila, van der Linden, Sander, van Schie, Kevin, van Stekelenburg, Aart, Vanags, Edmunds, Västfjäll, Daniel, Vesely, Stepan, Vintr, Jáchym, Vranka, Marek, Wanguche, Patrick Otuo, Willer, Robb, Wojcik, Adrian Dominik, Xu, Rachel, Yadav, Anjali, Zawisza, Magdalena, Zhao, Xian, Zhao, Jiaying, Żuk, Dawid, and Van Bavel, Jay J.

Published
2024
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7. Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Author

Vlasceanu, Madalina, Doell, Kimberly C., Bak-Coleman, Joseph B., Todorova, Boryana, Berkebile-Weinberg, Michael M., Grayson, Samantha J., Patel, Yash, Goldwert, Danielle, Pei, Yifei, Chakroff, Alek, Pronizius, Ekaterina, van den Broek, Karlijn L., Vlasceanu, Denisa, Constantino, Sara, Morais, Michael J., Schumann, Philipp, Rathje, Steve, Fang, Ke, Aglioti, Salvatore Maria, Alfano, Mark, Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J., Andersen, Angélica, Anseel, Frederik, Apps, Matthew A. J., Asadli, Chillar, Awuor, Fonda Jane, Azevedo, Flavio, Basaglia, Piero, Bélanger, Jocelyn J., Berger, Sebastian, Bertin, Paul, Białek, Michał, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Blaya-Burgo, Michelle, Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., Bø, Simen, Boecker, Lea, Boggio, Paulo S., Borau, Sylvie, Bos, Björn, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, Brauer, Markus, Brick, Cameron, Brik, Tymofii, Briker, Roman, Brosch, Tobias, Engelhard, Iris M., Farias, Ana Rita, van Schie, Kevin, van Stekelenburg, Aart, Vlasceanu, Madalina, Doell, Kimberly C., Bak-Coleman, Joseph B., Todorova, Boryana, Berkebile-Weinberg, Michael M., Grayson, Samantha J., Patel, Yash, Goldwert, Danielle, Pei, Yifei, Chakroff, Alek, Pronizius, Ekaterina, van den Broek, Karlijn L., Vlasceanu, Denisa, Constantino, Sara, Morais, Michael J., Schumann, Philipp, Rathje, Steve, Fang, Ke, Aglioti, Salvatore Maria, Alfano, Mark, Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J., Andersen, Angélica, Anseel, Frederik, Apps, Matthew A. J., Asadli, Chillar, Awuor, Fonda Jane, Azevedo, Flavio, Basaglia, Piero, Bélanger, Jocelyn J., Berger, Sebastian, Bertin, Paul, Białek, Michał, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Blaya-Burgo, Michelle, Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., Bø, Simen, Boecker, Lea, Boggio, Paulo S., Borau, Sylvie, Bos, Björn, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, Brauer, Markus, Brick, Cameron, Brik, Tymofii, Briker, Roman, Brosch, Tobias, Engelhard, Iris M., Farias, Ana Rita, van Schie, Kevin, and van Stekelenburg, Aart

Abstract

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions' effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior-several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people's initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.

Published
2024

8. Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Author

Organisations and Sustainability, Leerstoel Engelhard, Experimental psychopathology, Innovation Studies, Clinical Psychology (overkoepelend voor heel KP), Vlasceanu, Madalina, Doell, Kimberly C., Bak-Coleman, Joseph B., Todorova, Boryana, Berkebile-Weinberg, Michael M., Grayson, Samantha J., Patel, Yash, Goldwert, Danielle, Pei, Yifei, Chakroff, Alek, Pronizius, Ekaterina, van den Broek, Karlijn L., Vlasceanu, Denisa, Constantino, Sara, Morais, Michael J., Schumann, Philipp, Rathje, Steve, Fang, Ke, Aglioti, Salvatore Maria, Alfano, Mark, Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J., Andersen, Angélica, Anseel, Frederik, Apps, Matthew A. J., Asadli, Chillar, Awuor, Fonda Jane, Azevedo, Flavio, Basaglia, Piero, Bélanger, Jocelyn J., Berger, Sebastian, Bertin, Paul, Białek, Michał, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Blaya-Burgo, Michelle, Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., Bø, Simen, Boecker, Lea, Boggio, Paulo S., Borau, Sylvie, Bos, Björn, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, Brauer, Markus, Brick, Cameron, Brik, Tymofii, Briker, Roman, Brosch, Tobias, Engelhard, Iris M., Farias, Ana Rita, van Schie, Kevin, van Stekelenburg, Aart, Organisations and Sustainability, Leerstoel Engelhard, Experimental psychopathology, Innovation Studies, Clinical Psychology (overkoepelend voor heel KP), Vlasceanu, Madalina, Doell, Kimberly C., Bak-Coleman, Joseph B., Todorova, Boryana, Berkebile-Weinberg, Michael M., Grayson, Samantha J., Patel, Yash, Goldwert, Danielle, Pei, Yifei, Chakroff, Alek, Pronizius, Ekaterina, van den Broek, Karlijn L., Vlasceanu, Denisa, Constantino, Sara, Morais, Michael J., Schumann, Philipp, Rathje, Steve, Fang, Ke, Aglioti, Salvatore Maria, Alfano, Mark, Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J., Andersen, Angélica, Anseel, Frederik, Apps, Matthew A. J., Asadli, Chillar, Awuor, Fonda Jane, Azevedo, Flavio, Basaglia, Piero, Bélanger, Jocelyn J., Berger, Sebastian, Bertin, Paul, Białek, Michał, Bialobrzeska, Olga, Blaya-Burgo, Michelle, Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., Bø, Simen, Boecker, Lea, Boggio, Paulo S., Borau, Sylvie, Bos, Björn, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, Brauer, Markus, Brick, Cameron, Brik, Tymofii, Briker, Roman, Brosch, Tobias, Engelhard, Iris M., Farias, Ana Rita, van Schie, Kevin, and van Stekelenburg, Aart

Published
2024

9. Beta and theta oscillations track effort and previous reward in the human basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex during decision making.

Author

Hoy, Colin W., de Hemptinne, Coralie, Wang, Sarah S., Harmer, Catherine J., Apps, Matthew A. J., Husain, Masud, Starr, Philip A., and Little, Simon

Subjects
PARKINSON'S disease, GLOBUS pallidus, BASAL ganglia, SUBTHALAMIC nucleus, PREFRONTAL cortex
Abstract

Choosing whether to exert effort to obtain rewards is fundamental to human motivated behavior. However, the neural dynamics underlying the evaluation of reward and effort in humans is poorly understood. Here, we report an exploratory investigation into this with chronic intracranial recordings from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basal ganglia (BG; subthalamic nuclei and globus pallidus) in people with Parkinson's disease performing a decision-making task with offers that varied in levels of reward and physical effort required. This revealed dissociable neural signatures of reward and effort, with BG beta (12 to 20 Hz) oscillations tracking effort on a single-trial basis and PFC theta (4 to 7 Hz) signaling previous trial reward, with no effects of net subjective value. Stimulation of PFC increased overall acceptance of offers and sensitivity to reward while decreasing the impact of effort on choices. This work uncovers oscillatory mechanisms that guide fundamental decisions to exert effort for reward across BG and PFC, supports a causal role of PFC for such choices, and seeds hypotheses for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Addressing climate change with behavioral science: A global intervention tournament in 63 countries

Author

Vlasceanu, Madalina, primary, Doell, Kimberly C., additional, Bak-Coleman, Joseph B., additional, Todorova, Boryana, additional, Berkebile-Weinberg, Michael M., additional, Grayson, Samantha J., additional, Patel, Yash, additional, Goldwert, Danielle, additional, Pei, Yifei, additional, Chakroff, Alek, additional, Pronizius, Ekaterina, additional, van den Broek, Karlijn L., additional, Vlasceanu, Denisa, additional, Constantino, Sara, additional, Morais, Michael J., additional, Schumann, Philipp, additional, Rathje, Steve, additional, Fang, Ke, additional, Aglioti, Salvatore Maria, additional, Alfano, Mark, additional, Alvarado-Yepez, Andy J., additional, Andersen, Angélica, additional, Anseel, Frederik, additional, Apps, Matthew A. J., additional, Asadli, Chillar, additional, Awuor, Fonda Jane, additional, Azevedo, Flavio, additional, Basaglia, Piero, additional, Bélanger, Jocelyn J., additional, Berger, Sebastian, additional, Bertin, Paul, additional, Białek, Michał, additional, Bialobrzeska, Olga, additional, Blaya-Burgo, Michelle, additional, Bleize, Daniëlle N. M., additional, Bø, Simen, additional, Boecker, Lea, additional, Boggio, Paulo S., additional, Borau, Sylvie, additional, Bos, Björn, additional, Bouguettaya, Ayoub, additional, Brauer, Markus, additional, Brick, Cameron, additional, Brik, Tymofii, additional, Briker, Roman, additional, Brosch, Tobias, additional, Buchel, Ondrej, additional, Buonauro, Daniel, additional, Butalia, Radhika, additional, Carvacho, Héctor, additional, Chamberlain, Sarah A. E., additional, Chan, Hang-Yee, additional, Chow, Dawn, additional, Chung, Dongil, additional, Cian, Luca, additional, Cohen-Eick, Noa, additional, Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian, additional, Contu, Davide, additional, Cristea, Vladimir, additional, Cutler, Jo, additional, D'Ottone, Silvana, additional, De Keersmaecker, Jonas, additional, Delcourt, Sarah, additional, Delouvée, Sylvain, additional, Diel, Kathi, additional, Douglas, Benjamin D., additional, Drupp, Moritz A., additional, Dubey, Shreya, additional, Ekmanis, Jānis, additional, Elbaek, Christian T., additional, Elsherif, Mahmoud, additional, Engelhard, Iris M., additional, Escher, Yannik A., additional, Etienne, Tom W., additional, Farage, Laura, additional, Farias, Ana Rita, additional, Feuerriegel, Stefan, additional, Findor, Andrej, additional, Freira, Lucia, additional, Friese, Malte, additional, Gains, Neil Philip, additional, Gallyamova, Albina, additional, Geiger, Sandra J., additional, Genschow, Oliver, additional, Gjoneska, Biljana, additional, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, additional, Goldberg, Beth, additional, Goldenberg, Amit, additional, Gradidge, Sarah, additional, Grassini, Simone, additional, Gray, Kurt, additional, Grelle, Sonja, additional, Griffin, Siobhán M., additional, Grigoryan, Lusine, additional, Grigoryan, Ani, additional, Grigoryev, Dmitry, additional, Gruber, June, additional, Guilaran, Johnrev, additional, Hadar, Britt, additional, Hahnel, Ulf J.J., additional, Halperin, Eran, additional, Harvey, Annelie J., additional, Haugestad, Christian A. P., additional, Herman, Aleksandra M., additional, Hershfield, Hal E., additional, Himichi, Toshiyuki, additional, Hine, Donald W., additional, Hofmann, Wilhelm, additional, Howe, Lauren, additional, Huaman-Chulluncuy, Enma T., additional, Huang, Guanxiong, additional, Ishii, Tatsunori, additional, Ito, Ayahito, additional, Jia, Fanli, additional, Jost, John T., additional, Jovanović, Veljko, additional, Jurgiel, Dominika, additional, Kácha, Ondřej, additional, Kankaanpää, Reeta, additional, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, additional, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, additional, Kaplan Mintz, Keren, additional, Kaya, Ilker, additional, Kaya, Ozgur, additional, Khachatryan, Narine, additional, Klas, Anna, additional, Klein, Colin, additional, Klöckner, Christian A., additional, Koppel, Lina, additional, Kosachenko, Alexandra I., additional, Kothe, Emily J., additional, Krebs, Ruth, additional, Krosch, Amy R., additional, Krouwel, Andre P.M., additional, Kyrychenko, Yara, additional, Lagomarsino, Maria, additional, Lamm, Claus, additional, Lange, Florian, additional, Lee Cunningham, Julia, additional, Lees, Jeffrey, additional, Leung, Tak Yan, additional, Levy, Neil, additional, Lockwood, Patricia L., additional, Longoni, Chiara, additional, López Ortega, Alberto, additional, Loschelder, David D., additional, Lu, Jackson G., additional, Luo, Yu, additional, Luomba, Joseph, additional, Lutz, Annika E., additional, Majer, Johann M., additional, Markowitz, Ezra, additional, Marsh, Abigail A., additional, Mascarenhas, Karen Louise, additional, Mbilingi, Bwambale, additional, Mbungu, Winfred, additional, McHugh, Cillian, additional, Meijers, Marijn H.C., additional, Mercier, Hugo, additional, Mhagama, Fenant Laurent, additional, Michalakis, Katerina, additional, Mikus, Nace, additional, Milliron, Sarah, additional, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, additional, Monge-Rodríguez, Fredy S., additional, Mora, Youri L., additional, Moreau, David, additional, Motoki, Kosuke, additional, Moyano, Manuel, additional, Mus, Mathilde, additional, Navajas, Joaquin, additional, Nguyen, Tam Luong, additional, Nguyen, Dung Minh, additional, Nguyen, Trieu, additional, Niemi, Laura, additional, Nijssen, Sari R. R., additional, Nilsonne, Gustav, additional, Nitschke, Jonas P., additional, Nockur, Laila, additional, Okura, Ritah, additional, Öner, Sezin, additional, Özdoğru, Asil Ali, additional, Palumbo, Helena, additional, Panagopoulos, Costas, additional, Panasiti, Maria Serena, additional, Pärnamets, Philip, additional, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, additional, Pavlov, Yuri G., additional, Payán-Gómez, César, additional, Pearson, Adam R., additional, Pereira da Costa, Leonor, additional, Petrowsky, Hannes M., additional, Pfattheicher, Stefan, additional, Pham, Nhat Tan, additional, Ponizovskiy, Vladimir, additional, Pretus, Clara, additional, Rêgo, Gabriel G., additional, Reimann, Ritsaart, additional, Rhoads, Shawn A., additional, Riano-Moreno, Julian, additional, Richter, Isabell, additional, Röer, Jan Philipp, additional, Rosa-Sullivan, Jahred, additional, Ross, Robert M., additional, Sabherwal, Anandita, additional, Saito, Toshiki, additional, Sarrasin, Oriane, additional, Say, Nicolas, additional, Schmid, Katharina, additional, Schmitt, Michael T., additional, Schoenegger, Philipp, additional, Scholz, Christin, additional, Schug, Mariah G., additional, Schulreich, Stefan, additional, Shreedhar, Ganga, additional, Shuman, Eric, additional, Sivan, Smadar, additional, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, additional, Soliman, Meikel, additional, Soud, Katia, additional, Spampatti, Tobia, additional, Sparkman, Gregg, additional, Spasovski, Ognen, additional, Stanley, Samantha K., additional, Stern, Jessica A., additional, Strahm, Noel, additional, Suko, Yasushi, additional, Sul, Sunhae, additional, Syropoulos, Stylianos, additional, Taylor, Neil C., additional, Tedaldi, Elisa, additional, Tinghög, Gustav, additional, Huynh, Luu Duc Toan, additional, Travaglino, Giovanni Antonio, additional, Tsakiris, Manos, additional, Tüter, İlayda, additional, Tyrala, Michael, additional, Uluğ, Özden Melis, additional, Urbanek, Arkadiusz, additional, Valko, Danila, additional, van der Linden, Sander, additional, van Schie, Kevin, additional, van Stekelenburg, Aart, additional, Vanags, Edmunds, additional, Västfjäll, Daniel, additional, Vesely, Stepan, additional, Vintr, Jáchym, additional, Vranka, Marek, additional, Wanguche, Patrick Otuo, additional, Willer, Robb, additional, Wojcik, Adrian Dominik, additional, Xu, Rachel, additional, Yadav, Anjali, additional, Zawisza, Magdalena, additional, Zhao, Xian, additional, Zhao, Jiaying, additional, Żuk, Dawid, additional, and Van Bavel, Jay J., additional

Published
2024
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11. Acute stress reduces effortful prosocial behaviour

Author

Forbes, Paul A. G., primary, Aydogan, Gökhan, additional, Braunstein, Julia, additional, Todorova, Boryana, additional, Wagner, Isabella C., additional, Lockwood, Patricia L., additional, Apps, Matthew A. J., additional, Ruff, Christian C., additional, and Lamm, Claus, additional

Published
2023
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14. Justify your alpha

Author

Lakens, Daniel, Adolfi, Federico G., Albers, Casper J., Anvari, Farid, Apps, Matthew A. J., Argamon, Shlomo E., Baguley, Thom, Becker, Raymond B., Benning, Stephen D., Bradford, Daniel E., Buchanan, Erin M., Caldwell, Aaron R., Van Calster, Ben, Carlsson, Rickard, Chen, Sau-Chin, Chung, Bryan, Colling, Lincoln J., Collins, Gary S., Crook, Zander, Cross, Emily S., Daniels, Sameera, Danielsson, Henrik, DeBruine, Lisa, Dunleavy, Daniel J., Earp, Brian D., Feist, Michele I., Ferrell, Jason D., Field, James G., Fox, Nicholas W., Friesen, Amanda, Gomes, Caio, Gonzalez-Marquez, Monica, Grange, James A., Grieve, Andrew P., Guggenberger, Robert, Grist, James, van Harmelen, Anne-Laura, Hasselman, Fred, Hochard, Kevin D., Hoffarth, Mark R., Holmes, Nicholas P., Ingre, Michael, Isager, Peder M., Isotalus, Hanna K., Johansson, Christer, Juszczyk, Konrad, Kenny, David A., Khalil, Ahmed A., Konat, Barbara, Lao, Junpeng, Larsen, Erik Gahner, Lodder, Gerine M. A., Lukavský, Jiří, Madan, Christopher R., Manheim, David, Martin, Stephen R., Martin, Andrea E., Mayo, Deborah G., McCarthy, Randy J., McConway, Kevin, McFarland, Colin, Nio, Amanda Q. X., Nilsonne, Gustav, de Oliveira, Cilene Lino, de Xivry, Jean-Jacques Orban, Parsons, Sam, Pfuhl, Gerit, Quinn, Kimberly A., Sakon, John J., Saribay, S. Adil, Schneider, Iris K., Selvaraju, Manojkumar, Sjoerds, Zsuzsika, Smith, Samuel G., Smits, Tim, Spies, Jeffrey R., Sreekumar, Vishnu, Steltenpohl, Crystal N., Stenhouse, Neil, Świątkowski, Wojciech, Vadillo, Miguel A., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Williams, Matt N., Williams, Samantha E., Williams, Donald R., Yarkoni, Tal, Ziano, Ignazio, and Zwaan, Rolf A.

Published
2018
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18. Prosocial-WE: Prosocial effort in student wellbeing and education

Author

Murgia, Giulia, Crone, Eveline, Van Duijvenvoorde, Anna C.K., Vogel, Todd A., Lockwood, Patricia, Güroglu, Berna, Apps, Matthew A J, Genschow, Oliver, Cutler, Jo, and Teijink, Anne Willemijn Merel

Subjects
Prosocial effort, Prosocial behavior, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Students, Stress, Academic achievement
Abstract

Prosocial behaviors are actions intended to benefit others, such as helping, sharing, and cooperating with others. As a fundamental aspect of social interaction, prosocial actions help us to engage and connect with others, build and maintain friendships, navigate social con-texts successfully, and thus contribute indispensably to our health and well-being. Prosocial behavior may also play an important role in student’s learning and in educational settings more broadly. That is, prosocial behavior may not only relate positively to well-being and social outcomes, such as acceptance and connections among students, but also to their academic outcomes. Despite the potential link of prosocial behavior with student’s wellbeing and educational achievement, this relation remains poorly understood, and under-addressed in students. Furthermore, students face significant pressure to perform academically and often encounter a common stressor in college: exams. This stressful environment can impact students' prosocial behavior and educational achievements. Acute stress may affect our cognition and potentially influencing our behavior towards others (Forbes et al., preprint). However, studies on prosocial decision making under acute stress have produced inconsistent results. Some studies suggest that acute stress increases prosocial tendencies, while other studies show decreases, or no effects. For the first, it may be that stressors trigger affiliative needs (tend and befriend). For the latter, increased self-focus, or changes in reward sensitivity have been proposed to explain how acute stress influences prosocial behavior. Everyday prosocial behavior, such as donating to charity or helping colleagues, requires varying levels of effort (Lockwood et al., 2017), and it is unclear how stress affects this type of behavior. Finally, previous work has often not separated the influence of self and other motivation. It could be that those who are more prosocially motivated are more academically successful, or that being more motivated in general impacts on academic achievement. Therefore, experimental paradigms are needed that can measure both self-benefitting motivation and prosocial motivation within the same individual to dissociate these processes. Here we examine the link between prosocial behavior, stressful experiences, and educational achievement in students. Therefore, we will include two groups of participants. The first group will participate in two sessions: one session during and another after their exams (experimental group). The second group, serving as the control group, will also participate in two sessions during the school year, but without experiencing exams. In both sessions, participants will engage in an adapted Prosocial Effort Task (Lockwood et al., 2017; Contreras-Huerta et al., 2022) and complete various questionnaires.

Published
2023
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21. Acute stress reduces effortful prosocial behaviour

Author

Forbes, Paul, primary, Aydogan, Gökhan, additional, Braunstein, Julia Therese, additional, Todorova, Boryana, additional, Wagner, Isabella, additional, Lockwood, Patricia, additional, Apps, Matthew A J, additional, Ruff, Christian Carl, additional, and Lamm, Claus, additional

Published
2022
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26. Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

Author

Pavlović, Tomislav, primary, Azevedo, Flavio, additional, De, Koustav, additional, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C, additional, Maglić, Marina, additional, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, additional, Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas, additional, Payán-Gómez, César, additional, Huang, Guanxiong, additional, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, additional, Birtel, Michèle D, additional, Schönegger, Philipp, additional, Capraro, Valerio, additional, Santamaría-García, Hernando, additional, Yucel, Meltem, additional, Ibanez, Agustin, additional, Rathje, Steve, additional, Wetter, Erik, additional, Stanojević, Dragan, additional, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, additional, Hesse, Eugenia, additional, Elbaek, Christian T, additional, Franc, Renata, additional, Pavlović, Zoran, additional, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, additional, Cichocka, Aleksandra, additional, Gelfand, Michele, additional, Alfano, Mark, additional, Ross, Robert M, additional, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, additional, Nezlek, John B, additional, Cislak, Aleksandra, additional, Lockwood, Patricia, additional, Abts, Koen, additional, Agadullina, Elena, additional, Amodio, David M, additional, Apps, Matthew A J, additional, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, additional, Besharati, Sahba, additional, Bor, Alexander, additional, Choma, Becky, additional, Cunningham, William, additional, Ejaz, Waqas, additional, Farmer, Harry, additional, Findor, Andrej, additional, Gjoneska, Biljana, additional, Gualda, Estrella, additional, Huynh, Toan L D, additional, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, additional, Israelashvili, Jacob, additional, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, additional, Krouwel, André, additional, Kutiyski, Yordan, additional, Laakasuo, Michael, additional, Lamm, Claus, additional, Levy, Jonathan, additional, Leygue, Caroline, additional, Lin, Ming-Jen, additional, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, additional, Marie, Antoine, additional, Mayiwar, Lewend, additional, Mazepus, Honorata, additional, McHugh, Cillian, additional, Olsson, Andreas, additional, Otterbring, Tobias, additional, Packer, Dominic, additional, Palomäki, Jussi, additional, Perry, Anat, additional, Petersen, Michael Bang, additional, Puthillam, Arathy, additional, Rothmund, Tobias, additional, Schmid, Petra C, additional, Stadelmann, David, additional, Stoica, Augustin, additional, Stoyanov, Drozdstoy, additional, Stoyanova, Kristina, additional, Tewari, Shruti, additional, Todosijević, Bojan, additional, Torgler, Benno, additional, Tsakiris, Manos, additional, Tung, Hans H, additional, Umbreș, Radu Gabriel, additional, Vanags, Edmunds, additional, Vlasceanu, Madalina, additional, Vonasch, Andrew J, additional, Zhang, Yucheng, additional, Abad, Mohcine, additional, Adler, Eli, additional, Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui, additional, Antazo, Benedict, additional, Ay, F Ceren, additional, Ba, Mouhamadou El Hady, additional, Barbosa, Sergio, additional, Bastian, Brock, additional, Berg, Anton, additional, Białek, Michał, additional, Bilancini, Ennio, additional, Bogatyreva, Natalia, additional, Boncinelli, Leonardo, additional, Booth, Jonathan E, additional, Borau, Sylvie, additional, Buchel, Ondrej, additional, de Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira, additional, Celadin, Tatiana, additional, Cerami, Chiara, additional, Chalise, Hom Nath, additional, Cheng, Xiaojun, additional, Cian, Luca, additional, Cockcroft, Kate, additional, Conway, Jane, additional, Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo A, additional, Crespi, Chiara, additional, Crouzevialle, Marie, additional, Cutler, Jo, additional, Cypryańska, Marzena, additional, Dabrowska, Justyna, additional, Davis, Victoria H, additional, Minda, John Paul, additional, Dayley, Pamala N, additional, Delouvée, Sylvain, additional, Denkovski, Ognjan, additional, Dezecache, Guillaume, additional, Dhaliwal, Nathan A, additional, Diato, Alelie, additional, Paolo, Roberto Di, additional, Dulleck, Uwe, additional, Ekmanis, Jānis, additional, Etienne, Tom W, additional, Farhana, Hapsa Hossain, additional, Farkhari, Fahima, additional, Fidanovski, Kristijan, additional, Flew, Terry, additional, Fraser, Shona, additional, Frempong, Raymond Boadi, additional, Fugelsang, Jonathan, additional, Gale, Jessica, additional, García-Navarro, E Begoña, additional, Garladinne, Prasad, additional, Gray, Kurt, additional, Griffin, Siobhán M, additional, Gronfeldt, Bjarki, additional, Gruber, June, additional, Halperin, Eran, additional, Herzon, Volo, additional, Hruška, Matej, additional, Hudecek, Matthias F C, additional, Isler, Ozan, additional, Jangard, Simon, additional, Jørgensen, Frederik, additional, Keudel, Oleksandra, additional, Koppel, Lina, additional, Koverola, Mika, additional, Kunnari, Anton, additional, Leota, Josh, additional, Lermer, Eva, additional, Li, Chunyun, additional, Longoni, Chiara, additional, McCashin, Darragh, additional, Mikloušić, Igor, additional, Molina-Paredes, Juliana, additional, Monroy-Fonseca, César, additional, Morales-Marente, Elena, additional, Moreau, David, additional, Muda, Rafał, additional, Myer, Annalisa, additional, Nash, Kyle, additional, Nitschke, Jonas P, additional, Nurse, Matthew S, additional, de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo, additional, Palacios-Galvez, M Soledad, additional, Pan, Yafeng, additional, Papp, Zsófia, additional, Pärnamets, Philip, additional, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, additional, Perander, Silva, additional, Pitman, Michael, additional, Raza, Ali, additional, Rêgo, Gabriel Gaudencio, additional, Robertson, Claire, additional, Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván, additional, Saikkonen, Teemu, additional, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, additional, Sampaio, Waldir M, additional, Santi, Gaia Chiara, additional, Schultner, David, additional, Schutte, Enid, additional, Scott, Andy, additional, Skali, Ahmed, additional, Stefaniak, Anna, additional, Sternisko, Anni, additional, Strickland, Brent, additional, Thomas, Jeffrey P, additional, Tinghög, Gustav, additional, Traast, Iris J, additional, Tucciarelli, Raffaele, additional, Tyrala, Michael, additional, Ungson, Nick D, additional, Uysal, Mete Sefa, additional, Van Rooy, Dirk, additional, Västfjäll, Daniel, additional, Vieira, Joana B, additional, von Sikorski, Christian, additional, Walker, Alexander C, additional, Watermeyer, Jennifer, additional, Willardt, Robin, additional, Wohl, Michael J A, additional, Wójcik, Adrian Dominik, additional, Wu, Kaidi, additional, Yamada, Yuki, additional, Yilmaz, Onurcan, additional, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, additional, Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa, additional, Zwaan, Rolf A, additional, Boggio, Paulo Sergio, additional, Whillans, Ashley, additional, Van Lange, Paul A M, additional, Prasad, Rajib, additional, Onderco, Michal, additional, O'Madagain, Cathal, additional, Nesh-Nash, Tarik, additional, Laguna, Oscar Moreda, additional, Kubin, Emily, additional, Gümren, Mert, additional, Fenwick, Ali, additional, Ertan, Arhan S, additional, Bernstein, Michael J, additional, Amara, Hanane, additional, and Van Bavel, Jay Joseph, additional

Published
2022
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27. Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

Author

Pavlović, Tomislav, Azevedo, Flavio, De, Koustav, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C, Maglić, Marina, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas, Payán-Gómez, César, Huang, Guanxiong, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Birtel, Michèle D, Schönegger, Philipp, Capraro, Valerio, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Yucel, Meltem, Ibanez, Agustin, Rathje, Steve, Wetter, Erik, Stanojević, Dragan, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Hesse, Eugenia, Elbaek, Christian T, Franc, Renata, Pavlović, Zoran, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Gelfand, Michele, Alfano, Mark, Ross, Robert M, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B, Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Amodio, David M, Apps, Matthew A J, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky, Cunningham, William, Ejaz, Waqas, Farmer, Harry, Findor, Andrej, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gualda, Estrella, Huynh, Toan L D, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, Tinghög, Gustav, Pavlović, Tomislav, Azevedo, Flavio, De, Koustav, Riaño-Moreno, Julián C, Maglić, Marina, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas, Payán-Gómez, César, Huang, Guanxiong, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, Birtel, Michèle D, Schönegger, Philipp, Capraro, Valerio, Santamaría-García, Hernando, Yucel, Meltem, Ibanez, Agustin, Rathje, Steve, Wetter, Erik, Stanojević, Dragan, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, Hesse, Eugenia, Elbaek, Christian T, Franc, Renata, Pavlović, Zoran, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Gelfand, Michele, Alfano, Mark, Ross, Robert M, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, Nezlek, John B, Cislak, Aleksandra, Lockwood, Patricia, Abts, Koen, Agadullina, Elena, Amodio, David M, Apps, Matthew A J, Aruta, John Jamir Benzon, Besharati, Sahba, Bor, Alexander, Choma, Becky, Cunningham, William, Ejaz, Waqas, Farmer, Harry, Findor, Andrej, Gjoneska, Biljana, Gualda, Estrella, Huynh, Toan L D, Imran, Mostak Ahamed, Israelashvili, Jacob, and Tinghög, Gustav

Abstract

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.

Published
2022
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31. sj-pdf-1-pss-10.1177_09567976221122765 – Supplemental material for Neural and Cognitive Signatures of Guilt Predict Hypocritical Blame

Author

Yu, Hongbo, Contreras-Huerta, Luis Sebastian, Prosser, Annayah M. B., Apps, Matthew A. J., Hofmann, Wilhelm, Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter, and Crockett, Molly J.

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, FOS: Clinical medicine, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy), 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuroscience
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pss-10.1177_09567976221122765 for Neural and Cognitive Signatures of Guilt Predict Hypocritical Blame by Hongbo Yu, Luis Sebastian Contreras-Huerta, Annayah M. B. Prosser, Matthew A. J. Apps, Wilhelm Hofmann, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Molly J. Crockett in Psychological Science

Published
2022
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37. sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_0956797620975781 – Supplemental material for Aging Increases Prosocial Motivation for Effort

Author

Lockwood, Patricia L., Ayat Abdurahman, Gabay, Anthony S., Drew, Daniel, Tamm, Marin, Husain, Masud, and Apps, Matthew A. J.

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, FOS: Clinical medicine, 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified, 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy), 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Neuroscience
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_0956797620975781 for Aging Increases Prosocial Motivation for Effort by Patricia L. Lockwood, Ayat Abdurahman, Anthony S. Gabay, Daniel Drew, Marin Tamm, Masud Husain and Matthew A. J. Apps in Psychological Science

Published
2021
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38. Disrupted prediction errors index social deficits in autism spectrum disorder

Author

Balsters, Joshua H., Apps, Matthew A J., Bolis, Dimitris, Lehner, Rea, Gallagher, Louise, Wenderoth, Nicole, Balsters, Joshua H., Apps, Matthew A J., Bolis, Dimitris, Lehner, Rea, Gallagher, Louise, and Wenderoth, Nicole

Abstract

In healthy individuals the anterior cingulate gyrus signals social prediction errors: discrepancies between an actual outcome and the perceived expectations of another person. Balsters et al. demonstrate that this crucial social signal is altered in individuals with autism, and that variability in social prediction error signalling indexes social symptom severity.

Published
2021

41. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Van Bavel, Jay Joseph, primary, Cichocka, Aleksandra, additional, Capraro, Valerio, additional, Sjåstad, Hallgeir, additional, Nezlek, John B., additional, Alfano, Mark, additional, Azevedo, Flavio, additional, Cislak, Aleksandra, additional, Lockwood, Patricia, additional, Ross, Robert M, additional, Agadullina, Elena, additional, Apps, Matthew A J, additional, ARUTA, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R., additional, Bor, Alexander, additional, Crabtree, Charles, additional, Cunningham, William A., additional, De, Koustav, additional, Elbaek, Christian T., additional, Ejaz, Waqas, additional, Findor, Andrej, additional, Gjoneska, Biljana, additional, Horiuchi, Yusaku, additional, Huynh, Toan Luu Duc, additional, Ibanez, Agustin, additional, Israelashvili, Jacob, additional, Jasko, Katarzyna, additional, Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw, additional, Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena, additional, Krouwel, André, additional, Laakasuo, Michael, additional, Lamm, Claus, additional, Leygue, Caroline, additional, Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir, additional, Mayiwar, Lewend, additional, Mazepus, Honorata, additional, McHugh, Cillian, additional, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, additional, Olsson, Andreas, additional, Otterbring, Tobias, additional, Perry, Anat, additional, Packer, Dominic, additional, Petersen, Michael Bang, additional, Puthillam, Arathy, additional, Rothmund, Tobias, additional, TEWARI, SHRUTI, additional, Tsakiris, Manos, additional, Tung, Hans, additional, Yucel, Meltem, additional, Vanags, Edmunds, additional, Vlasceanu, Madalina, additional, Antazo, Benedict Guzman, additional, Barbosa, Sergio, additional, Bastian, Brock, additional, Bilancini, Ennio, additional, Bogatyreva, Natalia, additional, Boncinelli, Leonardo, additional, Booth, Jonathan E., additional, Borau, Sylvie, additional, Buchel, Ondrej, additional, Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira, additional, Celadin, Tatiana, additional, Cerami, Chiara, additional, Cian, Luca, additional, Crespi, Chiara, additional, Cutler, Jo, additional, Delouvée, Sylvain, additional, Dezecache, Guillaume, additional, Di Paolo, Roberto, additional, Dulleck, Uwe, additional, Etienne, Tom, additional, Farkhari, Fahima, additional, Fugelsang, Jonathan Albert, additional, Gkinopoulos, Theofilos, additional, Gray, Kurt, additional, Griffin, Siobhán M, additional, Gronfeldt, Bjarki, additional, Gruber, June, additional, Harris, Elizabeth Ann, additional, Hruška, Matej, additional, Isler, Ozan, additional, Jangard, Simon, additional, Jørgensen, Frederik Juhl, additional, Koppel, Lina, additional, Leota, Josh, additional, Lermer, Eva, additional, Levy, Neil L, additional, Longoni, Chiara, additional, Miura, Asako, additional, Muda, Rafał, additional, Myer, Annalisa, additional, Nash, Kyle, additional, Nitschke, Jonas P., additional, Ohtsubo, Yohsuke, additional, de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo, additional, Pan, Yafeng, additional, Zsófia, Papp, additional, Pärnamets, Philip, additional, Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola, additional, Pitman, Michael Mark, additional, Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna, additional, Rathje, Steve, additional, Raza, Ali, additional, Rhee, Kasey, additional, Rêgo, Gabriel Gaudencio do, additional, Robertson, Claire, additional, Salvador-Ginez, Octavio, additional, Sampaio, Waldir M., additional, Savage, David Alan, additional, Scheffer, Julian Andrew, additional, Schönegger, Philipp, additional, Scott, Andy, additional, Skali, Ahmed, additional, Strickland, Brent, additional, Stafford, Clara Alexandra, additional, Stefaniak, Anna, additional, Sternisko, Anni, additional, Tinghög, Gustav, additional, Torgler, Benno, additional, Tucciarelli, Raffaele, additional, Ungson, Nick D'Angelo, additional, Uysal, Mete Sefa, additional, van Prooijen, Jan-Willem, additional, Van Rooy, Dirk, additional, Västfjäll, Daniel, additional, Vieira, Joana, additional, Walker, Alexander C., additional, Wetter, Erik, additional, Willardt, Robin Richard, additional, Wojcik, Adrian Dominik, additional, Wu, Kaidi, additional, Yamada, Yuki, additional, Yilmaz, Onurcan, additional, Yogeeswaran, Kumar, additional, Zwaan, Rolf Antonius, additional, Boggio, Paulo, additional, Cameron, Daryl, additional, Tyrala, Michael, additional, Gualda, Estrella, additional, Moreau, David, additional, Palomäki, Jussi, additional, and Hudecek, Matthias F. C., additional

Published
2020
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46. Dopamine and motivational state drive dynamics of human decision making

Author

Le Heron, Campbell, Kolling, Nils, Plant, Olivia, Kienast, Annika, Janska, Rebecca, Ang, Yuen-Siang, Fallon, Sean, Husain, Masud, and Apps, Matthew A J

Abstract

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system exerts a crucial influence on normal motivated behaviour, but the mechanism of this action in dynamic situations where decisions evolve over time remains unclear. In such circumstances, current (foreground) reward accrual rate needs to be compared continuously with potential rewards that could be obtained elsewhere (background reward rate) in order to determine the opportunity cost of staying or leaving. We hypothesised that dopamine levels specifically modulate the influence of background – but not foreground – reward information in a decision-making task that requires dynamic comparison of these variables for optimal behaviour, and that this effect would be disrupted in individuals with loss of motivation – apathy. We developed a human foraging task based on a normative theory of animal behaviour (marginal value theorem), in which participants decide when to leave locations in which rewards decreased over time in order to pursue greater returns in their environment. People’s decisions to move from current locations conformed closely to foraging principles. Pharmacological manipulation of dopamine D2 receptor activity in healthy individuals using the agonist cabergoline significantly modulated background, but not foreground, reward sensitivity. In a separate study, this same effect was observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease, dependent on presence of apathy. Using an ecologically derived framework we demonstrate a specific mechanism by which dopamine modulates dynamic human decision-making, and how impairment of this mechanism can contribute to pathological loss of motivation.

Published
2019
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49. Resilience during uncertainty? Greater social connectedness during COVID‐19 lockdown is associated with reduced distress and fatigue.

Author

Nitschke, Jonas P., Forbes, Paul A. G., Ali, Nida, Cutler, Jo, Apps, Matthew A. J., Lockwood, Patricia L., and Lamm, Claus

Subjects
SOCIAL belonging, COVID-19, STAY-at-home orders, COVID-19 pandemic, SOCIAL distancing
Abstract

Background: Social connections are crucial for our health and well‐being. This is especially true during times of high uncertainty and distress, such as during the COVID‐19 lockdown. This period was characterized by unprecedented physical distancing (often communicated as social distancing) measures resulting in significant changes to people's usual social lives. Given the potential effects of this disruption on people's well‐being, it is crucial to identify factors which are associated with negative health outcomes, and conversely, those that promote resilience during times of adversity. Aims: We examined the relationship between individuals' levels of social connectedness during lockdown and self‐reported stress, worry, and fatigue. Method: Survey data were collected from 981 individuals in a representative sample of Austrian citizens. Data collection occurred during the last week of a six‐week nationwide lockdown due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The final sample consisted of 902 participants. Participants were asked to complete validated questionnaires to assess levels of social connectedness as well as measures of perceived stress, worry—both general and COVID‐19 specific—and symptoms of fatigue during the previous two weeks. Results: Our results demonstrate that greater social connectedness during the lockdown period was associated with lower levels of perceived stress, as well as general and COVID‐19‐specific worries. Furthermore, we found a negative relationship between fatigue and social connectedness, which was mediated by feelings of stress, general worries, and COVID‐19‐specific worries—respectively, indicating that individuals with smaller network sizes, who were highly distressed during the pandemic, were also likely to report feeling more fatigued. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the important role that social connections play in promoting resilience by buffering against negative physical and mental health outcomes, particularly in times of adversity in times of adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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50. Computational modelling reveals distinct patterns of cognitive and physical motivation in elite athletes

Author

Chong, Trevor T. -J., Apps, Matthew A. J., Giehl, Kathrin, Hall, Stephanie, Clifton, Callum H., Husain, Masud, Chong, Trevor T. -J., Apps, Matthew A. J., Giehl, Kathrin, Hall, Stephanie, Clifton, Callum H., and Husain, Masud

Abstract

Effort can be perceived both cognitively and physically, but the computational mechanisms underlying the motivation to invest effort in each domain remain unclear. In particular, it is unknown whether intensive physical training is associated with higher motivation specific to that domain, or whether it is accompanied by corresponding changes in cognitive motivation. Here, we tested a group of elite Oxford University rowers, and compared their behaviour to matched non-athletic controls. We trained participants on two tasks involving cognitive or physical effort. They then decided between a baseline low level of effort for low reward, versus higher levels of effort for higher rewards. Separate choices were made for the cognitive and physical tasks, which allowed us to computationally model motivation in each domain independently. As expected, athletes were willing to exert greater amounts of physical effort than non-athletes. Critically, however, the nature of cognitive effort-based decisions was different between groups, with a concave pattern of effort discounting for athletes but a convex pattern for non-athletes. These data suggest that the greater physical drive in athletes is accompanied by fundamentally different patterns of cognitive effort discounting, and suggests a complex relationship between motivation in the two domains.

Published
2018

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