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هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على فعالية استخدام تطبيقــــات الجيل الثاني للويب على التحصيل ومهـــــارات اتخــــاذ القــــرار لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في مقرر الحاسب الآلي, ويمکن ذکر أهم تلک الأهداف على النحو التالي: 1-التعرف على أثر استخدام تطبيقات الجيل الثاني للويب (Web 2.0) على التحصيل الدراسي لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في مقرر الحاسب الآلي. 2-التعرف على أثر استخدام تطبيقات الجيل الثاني للويب (Web 2.0) على مهارات اتخاذ القرار لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في مقرر الحاسب الآلي. ولتحقيق هذه الأهداف اعتمدت الدراسة الحالية على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واتخذت أداة الاستبانة لجمع البيانات من أفراد عينة الدراسة، وتکون عينة الدراسة من عينة عشوائية وعددها (200) طالب من طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بمدينة الرياض الذين يدرسون خلال الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي(1440ه- 1441ه). وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن استجابات أفراد الدراسة حول أثر استخدام تطبيقات الجيل الثاني للويب (web2) على التحصيل الدراسي لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في مقرر الحاسب الآلي بمتوسط حسابي (3.92) وبنسبة موافقة بلغت (78.4) والذي يشير إلى موافق بانحراف معياري (0.86)، وهو متوسط يقع في الفئة الرابعة من فئات المتدرج الخماسي، وأن أثر استخدام تطبيقات الجيل الثاني للويب 2 على التحصيل الدراسي لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في الوحدة المقررة للحاسب الآلي يتمثل في أن الاعتماد على أدوات الويب 2 تسهل عملية الحصول على المعلومات، وأن استخدام الويب 2 في التحصيل الدراسي تجعله جذابا وغير ممل، وتزيد من فهم الدروس من خلال تطبيقات الويب 2، کما تسمح تطبيقات الويب 2 بتنويع طرق التدريس ومهارات التعلم، وتزيد تطبيقات الويب 2 من فرص التطبيق على المقرر. وخلصت الدراسة کذلک أن استجابات طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في مدينة الرياض جاءت بدرجة تشير إلى موافق وبنسبة بلغت (72.2%) حيث بلغ المتوسط الحسابي (3.68)، وهو متوسط يقع في الفئة الرابعة من فئات المتدرج الخماسي وانحراف معياري (1.05)،حيث تراوحت متوسطات موافقتهم على أثر استخدام تطبيقات الجيل الثاني للويب 2 على اتخاذ القرار لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في الوحدة المقررة للحاسب الآلي ما بين (4.19 إلى 3.39) وهي متوسطات تقع في الفئة الرابعة والثالثة من فئات المقياس الخماسي والتي تشير إلى (موافق– محايد) على أداة الدراسة مما يوضح التباين في موافقة أفراد الدراسة حول المحور، وأن أثر استخدام تطبيقات الجيل الثاني للويب 2 على اتخاذ القرار لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية في الوحدة المقررة للحاسب الآلي يتمثل في تشجع تطبيقات الويب 2 على الخروج من الإطار الفردي في التفاعل بين الفرد والشبکة إلى المشارکة الاجتماعية الإلکترونية، کما توفر تطبيقات الويب 2 العديد من الفرص لعملية تشکيل الرأي الصحيح، وإبدائه بشجاعة، التحاور الذي يتم من خلال تطبيق الويب 2 يسمح باختبار أحد الحلول التي يتوقع أن تزيل حالة الشک وعدم التأکد، کما تتيح تطبيقات الويب 2 إعطاء نماذج قيادية في القرارات يمکن الاقتداء بها، وتمکن تطبيقات الويب 2 من الوصول إلى الفرار المناسب في سبيل الحصول على المعلومة. الکلمات المفتاحية: فاعلية – الويب - لجيل الثاني للويب (Web 2.0) - تطبيقات الجيل الثاني (Web 2.0) - التحصيل الدراسي - اتخاذ القرار. Abstract Thesis title: The Effectiveness of Second Generation Web Applications on Achievement and Decision Making Skills for High School Students in Computer Course The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the use of second-generation web applications for achievement and decision-making skills for high school students in the computer course, and the most important of these goals can be mentioned as follows: - Learn about the impact of using the Web 2.0 applications on the academic achievement of high school students in the computer course. -Knowing the effect of using the Web 2.0 applications on the decision-making skills of high school students in the computer course. To achieve these goals, the current study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire tool was taken to collect data from the members of the study sample. The study sample will be from a random sample of (200) students from high school students in Riyadh who study during the second semester of the academic year (1440 AH - 1441 AH) The study concluded that the responses of the study members about the effect of using the second-generation web (web2) applications on the academic achievement of high school students in the computer course with an average score of (3.92) and with an approval rate of (78.4) which indicates approval with a standard deviation (0.86), which is Average falls in the fourth category of five-tier grades, and the effect of the use of second-generation web 2 applications on academic achievement for high school students in the computer-based unit is that relying on web tools 2 facilitates the process of obtaining information, and that the use of web 2 in achievement The school makes it attractive and not mm It increases understanding of lessons through web 2 applications, web 2 apps also allow diversification of teaching methods and learning skills, and web 2 apps increase application opportunities over the course. Thestudyalsoconcludedhigh school students in the city of Riyadh came with a degree that indicates OK and at a rate of (72.2%) where the arithmetic average reached (3.68), an average that falls in the fourth category of five-year grades and a standard deviation (1.05), where the averages of their approval ranged On the impact of the use of second-generation Web 2 applications on decision-making for high school students in the computer-based unit between (4.19 to 3.39) which are averages located in the fourth and third category of the five-year scale that indicates (agree - somewhat agree) to The study tool, which explains the variance in the approval of study personnel about a Of the axis, and that the impact of the use of second-generation web 2 applications on decision-making for high school students in the computerized unit is to encourage web 2 applications to exit from the individual framework in the interaction between the individual and the network to electronic social participation, and web 2 applications provide many Opportunities for the process of forming the right opinion, and expressing it courageously, the dialogue that takes place through the web 2 application allows testing of one of the solutions that is expected to remove the state of doubt and uncertainty, and also allows web applications 2 to give leadership models in decisions that can be followed, and web 2 applications can access to me The appropriate escape in order to obtain the information.thattheresponsesof Key words: effectiveness - the web - for the second generation of the Web (Web 2.0) - second generation applications (Web 2.0) - academic achievement - decision-making.

هدف البحث إلى الکشف عن أهم الأدوار المتوقعة من معلم التعليم الأساسي ؛ لدعم متطلبات التغيير الاجتماعي الثقافي, وإمکانية ممارستها بغية الارتقاء بدوره في المستقبل ؛ واعتمد المنهج الوصفي , وتم التطبيق على عينة من موجهي المواد الدراسية بمرحلة التعليم الأساسي بمحافظة الإسکندرية. وجاء تقدير عينة الدراسة لمحور أهمية الأدوار بنسبة موافقة أکبر مقارنة بمحور إمکانية ممارسة تلک الأدوار, وحصل دور المعلم في (تنمية الإحساس بالولاء والانتماء) على أعلى متوسط نسبة موافقة من حيث الأهمية , والإمکانية – کذلک- بنسبة موافقة بلغت 94.95 % ، 83.65 % على التوالي، بينما حصل دور المعلم في (الإسهام في تحقيق الاتساق الثقافي لدى النشء) على أقل نسبة موافقة من حيث الأهمية بلغت 89.04 % ، وحصل دور (تنمية القدرة على التکيف مع الثورة المعلوماتية, وتقديم أنموذج للمواطنة الرقمية) على أقل نسبة موافقة من حيث الإمکانية بلغت 64.90 % . کما لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في تقدير أفراد مجتمع الدراسة للدرجة الکلية لأهمية الأدوار المتوقعة ؛ تعزى لمتغيرات (النوع , المؤهل العلمي, التخصص, الإدارة التعليمية, عدد سنوات العمل فى التوجية والإشراف) ؛ في حين وجدت فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05) في إمکانية ممارسة الأدوار طبقا لنوع العينة قيد البحث لصالح الإناث فى الدورين (تنمية الاحساس بالولاء , والانتماء) , و( تنمية التفکير الناقد وحل المشکلات واتخاذ القرارات) ، بينما لايوجد فروق دالة فى باقى نسب موافقة إمکانية ممارسة الأدوار؛ تعزى للمتغيرات الأخرى للدراسة. Abstract: The aim of the research is to uncover the most important roles expected of a basic education teacher. To support the requirements of sociocultural change and the possibility of exercising them in order to enhance its role in the future; The descriptive curriculum was adopted, and it was applied to a sample of instructors in the basic education stage in Alexandria Governorate. The evaluation of the study sample came to the axis of importance of roles with a greater approval rate compared to the axis of the possibility of exercising those roles, and the teacher's role in (developing a sense of loyalty and belonging) received the highest average approval rate in terms of importance, and possibility - as well - with an approval rate of 94.95% and 83.65%, respectively. While the teacher's role in (contributing to achieving cultural consistency among young people) received the lowest approval rate of 89.04%, and the role of (developing the ability to adapt to the information revolution and presenting a model for digital citizenship) received the lowest approval rate in terms of potential. 64.90%. There are also no statistically significant differences in the study population's estimate of the overall degree of importance of the expected roles. Due to variables (gender, academic qualification, specialization, educational administration, number of years of work in directing and supervision); Whereas, statistically significant differences were found at the level of (0.05) in the possibility of playing roles according to the type of sample under study in favor of females in the two roles (developing a sense of loyalty and belonging), and (developing critical thinking, problem-solving and decision-making), while there were no significant differences in the rest Role-play approval percentages; Attributed to the other variables of the study.

Preclinical knowledge of dysregulated pathways and potential biomarkers for urological cancers has undergone limited translation into the clinic. Moreover, the low approval rate of new anticancer drugs and the heterogeneous drug responses in patients indicate that current preclinical models do not always reflect the complexity of malignant disease. Patient-derived tumour models used in preclinical uro-oncology research include 3D culture systems, organotypic tissue slices and patient-derived xenograft models. Technological innovations have enabled major improvements in the capacity of these tumour models to reproduce the clinical complexity of urological cancers. Each type of patient-derived model has inherent advantages and limitations that can be exploited, either alone or in combination, to gather specific knowledge on clinical challenges and address unmet clinical needs. Nevertheless, few opportunities exist for patients with urological cancers to benefit from personalized therapeutic approaches. Clinical validation of experimental data is needed to facilitate the translation and implementation of preclinical knowledge into treatment decision making.

A proposal to Activate the Role of Early Intervention Programs for the Qualification of Mothers of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Light of the Saudi Vision 2030 Abstract: This Study aims to present a proposal to activate the role of early intervention programs in qualifying mothers of children with attention-deficit and hyperactivity (ADHD), in light of the Saudi Vision 2030. It aims to do this by determining the reality of the role of early intervention programs in qualifying mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and identifying the obstacles that hinder them. The study also aims to identify solutions for overcoming obstacles, and presents a proposal to activate the role of early intervention programs in qualifying mothers of children with ADHD in the light of Saudi Vision 2030. The study utilizes the descriptive - analytical approach to achieve these goals. The author was designed using an 88-item questionnaire divided into three domains. The sample comprised (69) mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The research results, from the point of view of mothers of children with ADHD, indicated the following; educational qualification scored highest with an average of 63.12%, followed by cognitive qualification with an average of 62.55%, then social qualification with an average of 61.34%, then religious qualification with an average of 60.98%, while psychological qualification scored lowest with an average of 59.52%. The approval rate for all proposals exceeded 85%. Based on these results a proposal was presented to activate the role of early intervention programs in qualifying mothers of children with ADHD, in light of the Saudi Vision 2030. The author recommend providing various activities that enable mothers to participate in qualification for their children, rather than limiting their participation to attending meetings and events only, by providing appropriate means, devices and tools for early intervention processes and improving the availability of professional cadres specialized in early intervention. Keywords: Proposal - Early intervention - Qualification- Mothers of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Saudi Vision 2030. تصور مقترح لتفعيل دور برامج التدخل المبکر في تأهيل أمهات الأطفال ذوى نقص الإنتباه وفرط الحرکة في ضوء رؤية المملکة 2030 الملخص: هدف البحث الحالي إلى تقديم مقترح لتفعيل دور برامج التدخل المبکر في تأهيل أمهات الأطفال ذوى نقص الإنتباه وفرط الحرکة في ضوء رؤية المملکة 2030 , من خلال التعرف على واقع دور برامج التدخل المبکر في تأهيل أمهات الأطفال ذوى إضطراب نقص الإنتباه وفرط الحرکة وتحديد المعوقات التي تحول دون تحقيق برامج التدخل المبکر لدورها في تأهيل أمهات أطفال ذوى ADHD , والتعرف على الحلول المقترحة للتغلب على المعوقات و من ثم تقديم تصور مقترح لکيفية تفعيل دور برامج التدخل المبکر في تأهيل أمهات الأطفال ذوى نقص الإنتباه وفرط الحرکة " في ضوء رؤية المملکة 2030، وقد تم إستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي , ولتحقيق تلک الأهداف قامت الباحثة بإعداد إستبانة إلکترونية لهذا الغرض مکونة من (88) عبارة موزعة على ثلاثة محاور وتم تطبيقها على عينة قوامها (69) من أمهات الأطفال ذوى ADHD ،وتوصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج من وجهة نظر أمهات الأطفال ذوى ADHD تشير إلى أن التأهيل التربوى جاء فى المرتبة الاولى بمتوسط 63.12% يليه التأهيل المعرفى بمتوسط %62.55، ثم التأهيل الإجتماعى بمتوسط %61.34ثم التأهيل الديني بمتوسط 60.98%، بينما يأتى التأهيل النفسي في المرتبة الأخيرة بمتوسط %59.52، وقد تجاوزت نسبة الموافقة على جميع المقترحات الـ 85%، وبناء على تلک النتائج تم تقديم مقترح لتفعيل دور برامج التدخل المبکر في تأهيل أمهات الأطفال ذوى ADHD في ضوء رؤية المملکة 2030 , وتوصي الباحثة بتوفير الأنشطة المختلفة التي تفعل مشارکة أمهات الأطفال ذوى ADHD في تأهيل أطفالهن بدلا من جعل المشارکة محصورة في حضورهن الإجتماعات والمناسبات فقط , توفير الوسائل والأجهزة والأدوات الملائمة لعمليات التدخل المبکر, توفر الکوادر المهنية المتخصصة في التدخل المبکر لتأهيل أمهات أطفال ذوى ADHD الکلمات المفتاحية: مقترح- التدخل المبکر- تأهيل- نقص الإنتباه وفرط الحرکة -أمهات الأطفال ذوى نقص الإنتباه وفرط الحرکة - رؤية المملکة 2030.

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على العلاقة بين تعرض طلاب أقسام الإعلام التربوي لمعوقات التدريب الميداني وفاعلية الذات الإبداعية لديهم، وتندرج هذه الدراسة ضمن إطار البحوث الوصفية، واستخدم الباحث منهج المسح، وتمثلت عينة الدراسة في عينة عمدية من طلاب أقسام الإعلام التربوي قوامها (300) طالب وطالبة، واعتمد الباحث في تحقيق أهداف الدراسة وجمع البيانات على استمارة الاستبانة ومقياس فاعلية الذات الإبداعية، وتوصل الباحث إلى مجموعة من النتائج، أهمها ما يلي: • ارتفاع نسبة موافقة الطلاب عينة الدراسة على معوقات التدريب الميداني، حيث تراوحت ما بين (75.22: 57.11)، وجاءت عبارة (الشعور بالملل من طول فترة التدريب الميداني) و(کثرة الأعمال والتکليفات التي يطلبها المشرف الأکاديمي من طلاب التدريب الميداني) في الترتيب الأول. • ارتفاع مستوى فاعلية الذات الإبداعية لدى الطلاب عينة الدراسة، حيث تراوحت ما بين (86.33: 77)، حيث جاءت عبارة (أتعلم کيف أکون قادرا على عمل الأشياء والأنشطة الجديدة بالتدريب الميداني) في الترتيب الأول. • وجود علاقة ارتباطية عکسية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين معوقات التدريب الميداني التي يتعرض لها طلاب أقسام الإعلام التربوي الطلاب وفاعلية الذات الإبداعية لديهم. • وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا بين الذکور والإناث في معوقات التدريب الميداني لصالح الذکور. • وجود فروق غير دالة إحصائيا بين الذکور والإناث في متوسط درجاتهم في مقياس فاعلية الذات الإبداعية. Exposure to obstacles in field training for students from education information departments and its relationship to their creative efficacy The study aimed to identify the relationship between the exposure of students of educational media departments to the obstacles of field training and the effectiveness of their creative self, and this study falls within the framework of descriptive research, and the researcher used the survey method, the study sample was represented in an intentional sample of students of educational media departments consisting of (300) students and students The researcher relied on achieving the goals of the study and collecting data on the questionnaire form and the measure of the effectiveness of the creative self. The researcher reached a set of results, the most important of which are: • The high approval rate of the study sample students on the obstacles of field training, which ranged between (75.22: 57.11), and the phrase (feeling bored from the length of the field training period) and (the large number of works and assignments required by the academic supervisor from field training students) came in the first order. • The high level of creative self-efficacy among students in the study sample, which ranged between (86.33: 77), where the phrase (I learn how to be able to do new things and activities in field training) came in the first order. • The existence of an inverse correlation relationship statistically between the obstacles of field training to which students of educational media departments are exposed to students and the effectiveness of their creative self. • There are statistically significant differences between males and females in the obstacles of field training in favor of males. • There were no statistically significant differences between males and females in their mean scores in the measure of the effectiveness of the creative self

In the Philippines, all transplant centers are mandated by the Department of Health (DOH) to have a Hospital Transplant Ethics Committee (HTEC) to ensure that donations are altruistic, voluntary and free of coercion/commercial transactions. This study was undertaken primarily to describe the organizational and functional profile of existing HTECs and identify areas for improvement. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. There was variation in their logistical arrangements (support from hospital, filing systems, office spaces), operations (length and frequency of meetings, number of referrals) and membership (composition, qualifications, occupation, training). The approval rate for donor-recipient pairs is high with the majority of cases made by living non-related donors. Appropriate reasons were cited for rejection. The perception of HTECs is that they are competent and confident in their decision-making. However, there is a need to standardize HTEC composition, provide operating procedures and additional training which can be done by the DOH.

The aim of this article is to analyze the pedagogical practices carried out by the teachers of a school in the countryside based on the continuing education project of at / in the school, structured through the guidance for the state schools of Mato Grosso, prepared by the State Secretariat of Education SEDUC-MT in the academic year of 2019, aiming to improve the teaching and learning process, through pedagogical interventions carried out by teachers in the development of their pedagogical practices. It is a qualitative research, whose data were obtained upon observation and documentary analysis. We present the pedagogical interventions adopted by teachers to improve students' motivation and the results of school education. We evidenced that the pedagogical interventions carried out by the teachers achieved satisfactory results in relation to the proposed goals - to raise the high school approval rate to 100%; zero partial progression; make the school environment more pleasant, attractive and playful., O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as práticas pedagógicas realizadas pelos docentes de uma escola no campo a partir do projeto de formação continuada da/na escola, estruturado por meio do orientativo para as escolas estaduais do Estado de Mato Grosso, elaborado pela Secretaria de Estado de Educação SEDUC-MT no ano letivo de 2019, visando melhorar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, por meio das intervenções pedagógicas realizadas pelos professores no desenvolvimento de suas práticas pedagógicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujos dados foram obtidos mediante observação e análise documental. Apresentamos as intervenções pedagógicas adotadas pelos professores para melhorar a motivação dos educandos e os resultados da educação escolar. Evidenciamos que as intervenções pedagógicas realizadas pelos professores alcançaram resultados satisfatórios quanto às metas propostas - elevar o índice de aprovação do ensino médio para 100%; zerar a progressão parcial; tornar o ambiente escolar mais agradável, atrativo e lúdico.

This paper deals with school evaluation and aims to analyze perceptions and transformations in the implementation of the progressive evaluation model in a regular high school state school in the municipality of Redencao/CE. To understand this process, we sought to understand the perception of school agents - teachers, managers and students -, as well as to observe the approval, disapproval, transfer and avoidance rates comparatively before and after the implementation of this evaluation model. The main theoretical references in the area of education and curriculum were Jose Carlos Libâneo, Tomaz Tadeu da Silva, Heloisa Luck, Cipriano Luckesi and Antoni Zabala. The results indicated that the implementation of the progressive evaluation in the school did not have as a direct consequence a higher approval rate, but teachers and students feel that the model facilitates learning. These results lead to consider other aspects that interfere in teaching-learning as the increase in the number of students per room. It is concluded that, in view of the observed, school management must continue to rethink the processes of evaluation in the face of educational dynamics. Key-words: progressive evaluation; high school; school.

ملخص الدراسة: هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرف واقع ومعوقات وسبل تعزيز الثقافة الرقمية في ضوء متطلبات الاقتصاد القائم على المعرفة من وجهة نظر طلاب الدراسات العليا التربوية بالجامعات المصرية، واستخدمت المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وطبقت استبانة مکونة من (54) فقرة، على عينة بلغ قوامها (286) طالبا وطالبة من خمس جامعات مصرية ممثلة للبيئات المصرية المختلفة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى ما يلي: موافقة عينة الدراسة على عبارات محور واقع توفر مهارات الثقافة الرقمية لدى طلاب الدراسات العليا التربوية بالجامعات المصرية، بدرجة کبيرة، بمتوسط حسابي عام (3.85 من 5) ومن أهم تلک المهارات: لدي القدرة على البحث في الإنترنت باستخدام عناوين المصادر بنسبة موافقة 93.4%، وأستطيع الحصول على مصادر إلکترونية بصيغة (word ) أو(pdf) في فترة زمنية محددة بنسبة موافقة 92%. موافقة عينة الدراسة بدرجة کبيرة على عبارات محور معوقات انتشار الثقافة الرقمية بمتوسط حسابي عام (3.96 من5)، ومن أهم تلک المعوقات: ضعف إلمام بعض طلاب الدراسات العليا باللغة الإنجليزية بنسبة موافقة 96.2%. وقلة الدورات التدريبية الخاصة بتنمية المهارات التکنولوجية لدى طلاب الدراسات العليا بنسبة موافقة89.2%. موافقة عينة الدراسة بدرجة کبيرة جدا على عبارات محور سبل تعزيز الثقافة الرقمية لدى طلاب الدراسات العليا التربوية بالجامعات المصرية بمتوسط حسابي عام (4.56 من 5)، ومن أهم تلک السبل: توفير قاعات بحثية إلکترونية مجهزة بالإنترنت بالجامعة بنسبة موافقة 97.2%. وتنمية قدرات طلاب الدراسات العليا في اللغة الإنجليزية بنسبة موافقة 97.2%. عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية يمکن عزوها لمتغيري الجنس، ومرحلة الدراسة، بينما وجدت فروق ذات فروق ذات دلالة تبعا لمتغير البرنامج لصالح طلاب الماجستير. The study aimed to identify the reality، obstacles and ways of promoting digital culture in light of the requirements of a knowledge-based economy from the viewpoint of students of educational graduate studies in Egyptian universities، and used the descriptive survey method، and a questionnaire consisting of (54) items applied to a sample of (286) students from five Egyptian universities representing different Egyptian environments. The study found the following: - The study sample agrees with the phrases of the reality axis that provide digital culture skills among educational graduate students in Egyptian universities, to a large degree, with an average arithmetic average. Of (3.85 out of 5). The most important of which were: I have the ability to search the Internet using source titles with a approval rate of 93.4%، and I can get electronic sources in the format of ( word) or (pdf) within a specified period with a 92% approval rating. The approval of the study members to a large degree on the obstacles of the spread of digital culture with an average (3.96 out of 5)، the most important of which were: Weak knowledge of some researchers in the English language with a approval rate of 96.2%. And the lack of training courses for developing technological skills among graduate students، with an approval rate of 89.2%.- The study sample agrees to a very large extent on the ways to enhance the digital culture of educational graduate students in Egyptian universities with an average (4.56 out of 5)، the most important of which were: Providing electronic research halls equipped with the Internet at the university with a 97.2% approval rate. And developing the capabilities of researchers in the English language with 97.2% approval. - There were no statistically significant differences that could be attributed to the sex variables and the study stage، while differences of significant differences were found according to the program variable in favor of master students.

ملخص البحث عنوان الدراسة : أساليب معالجة عزوف معلمي التعليم الأساسي عن العمل في وظائف الإدارة المدرسية على ضوء بعض النماذج العالمية المعاصرة أهداف الدراسة : هدفت الدراسة التعرف على أسباب العزوف المتعلقة بالمهام والمسؤوليات والصلاحيات الممنوحـة والحـوافز المادية والمعنوية لمدير المدرسة منهج الدراسة وأداتها :اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي ، حيث تمثلت أداة الدراسة في الاستبانة . مجتمع الدراسة وعينته :تکون مجتمع الدراسة من 3712 من عدد المعلمين العاملين بوظائف معلم أول أ / معلم خبير / کبير معلمين ،واعتمدت الباحثة على أسلوب العينة العشوائية البسيطة في تحديد عينة الدراسة . نتائج الدراسة : تتلخص أهم نتائج الدراسة فيما يلي : 1- إن درجة موافقة عينة الدراسة على إجمالي محور أسباب عزوف المعلمين عن العمل بوظائف الإدارة المدرسية تقع في مستوى "أوافق" بوزن نسبي (2.65) ونسبة موافقة قدرها (88.42%). 2-عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين استجابات أفراد العينة فيما يتعلق بأسباب عزوف المعلمين عن وظائف الإدارة المدرسية بمدارس التعليم العام بمحافظة الفيوم، بحسب المؤهل (تربوي-غير تربوي). Abstract Title of the study : Methods to address the reluctance of basic education teachers to work in school management jobs in the light of some contemporary international models . The study method and its tools: The study followed the descriptive approach. The study tool consisted of two main parts: the first part is the general information, the second part consists of two axes, the first measures the reasons for abstinence in the three dimensions and the second measures the proposals to reduce the reluctance. Study population and sample: The study population consists of 3,712 teachers working in the functions of a first teacher / teacher / senior teacher in the governorate. The researcher relied on the simple random sample method in determining the study sample Results of the study: The main finding s of the study are as follows: 1 - The degree of approval of the sample of the study on the total of the reasons for the reluctance of teachers to work in the functions of school administration in the schools of general education in Fayoum governorate is at the level of "agree" with a relative weight (2.65) and approval rate of (88.42%). 2 - There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the responses of the sample members with regard to the reasons for the reluctance of teachers from the functions of the school administration in public education schools in Fayoum Governorate, according to qualification (educational - non - educational). 3 - The degree of approval of the sample of the study on the total axis of proposals to address the phenomenon of reluctance of teachers to work in the functions of school administration in the schools of general education in Fayoum Governorate is at the level of "agree" with a relative weight (2.74) and approval rate of (91.38%).

The study was carried out in Soba Local Government Area (LGA) of Kaduna state to appraise the performance of four (4) farmers’ cooperative societies using a structured questionnaire administered to 116 randomly selected cooperators. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric statistics. The results revealed that several factors had motivated members to join societies. The average loan approval rate of 93.3% was recorded for the 3-year period of 2015, 2016, and 2017. About 73 cooperators representing 62.9% assessed the services of the cooperative societies as very satisfactory or satisfactory; only 12.9% assessed them as not satisfactory. Major constraints that identified include inadequate capital (19.7%), limited income generating activities (16.5%), and poor attitude of cooperators (14.5%).

The main aim of this study was to identify the most important constraints in the political, economic, legal, judicial and administrative fields of private investment in the Palestinian economy. The study used the descriptive analytical method. A soft sample of 31 companies listed in the Palestinian Stock Exchange Market was selected in the period of data collection from the beginning of November until 18 December 2018. The statistical program (SPSS) was used to conduct statistical analysis of data. The Likert Scale, the Cronbach’s Alpha and the One-way ANOVA tests were also employed to identify the significance of the mean differences among the members of the study sample and the Scheffe test to find the source of the differences. The study came up with a number of conclusions, the most important of which, are the following: First: The axis of political obstacles: The phrase that obtained the highest degree of approval in the axis of political obstacles was (the Israeli blockade) with approval rate of 94.8% followed by the (control of Israel on the crossings and the Palestinian external borders) of 92.3%. Second: The axis of economic obstacles: The phrase that obtained the highest degree of approval in the axis of economic obstacles was (control of the Israeli occupation of the procedures of import and export) where approval rate amounted to 92.3% followed by (the consequences of the Paris Economic Convention) which amounted to 89.0%. Third: Legal and Judicial Obstacles: The phrase that obtained the highest degree of approval in the axis of legal and judicial obstacles was (the doubled legislations and laws adopted in the West Bank and Gaza Strip) with approval rate of 88.4%, and (the disruption of the Legislative Council) of 83.9%, followed by (the length of litigation in commercial and financial disputes) of 80.6%. Fourth: The axis of obstacles in public administration: The two terms that received the highest degree of approval in the center of the conditions of public administration are (slow government procedures to pay the private sector) and (the inadequacy to find external marketing outlets) with approval rate of 83.2% each. The study recommended the adoption of a number of policies and procedures that may help improve the private investment environment in the Palestinian economy. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أهم معوقات الاستثمار الخاص قي الاقتصاد الفلسطيني، في کل من المجال السياسي، والاقتصادي، والقانوني، والقضائي، واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التحليلي الوصفي، وتم اختيار عينة بالطريقة الميسرة، وبلغ عدد مفردات العينة 31 شرکة من الشرکات المدرجة في سوق فلسطيـن للأوراق المالية، التـي عددها الإجمالي 47 شرکة في فتـرة جمع البيانات، والممتدة من مطلع تشريـن ثاني/ نوفمبـر حتـى 18 کانون أول/ ديسمبـر 2018. واستخدم البـرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS) لإجـراء التحليل الإحصائي للبيانات والخـروج بالنتائج. إضافة إلى مقياس ليکرت الخماسي (Likert Scale)، ومعامل کرونباخ ألفا (Cronbach›s Alpha)، واختبار (One-way ANOVA)،وذلک لاختبار دلالة فروق المتوسطات بيـن أفراد عينة الدراسة، کما استخدم اختبار شيفيه (Scheffe) لإيجاد مصدر الفروق. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أبـرزها:أولا: محور المعوقات السياسية: العبارة التـي حصلت على أعلى درجة موافقة في محور المعوقات السياسية کانت (الحصار الإسرائيلي) بنسبة بلغت 94.8%، تليها سيطرة اسرائيل على المعابـر والحدود الخارجية الفلسطينية بنسبة 92.3%.ثانيا: محور المعوقات الاقتصادية: العبارة التـي حصلت على أعلى درجة موافقة في محور المعوقات الاقتصادية کانت (تحکم الاحتلال الإسرائيلي في إجـراءات الاستيـراد والتصديـر) بنسبة موافقة بلغت 92.3%، تليها تبعات اتفاقية باريس الاقتصادية بنسبة 89.0%.ثالثا: محور المعوقات القانونية والقضائية: العبارة التـي حصلت على أعلى درجة موافقة في هذا المحور کانت (ازدواجية التشريعات والقوانيـن بيـن الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة) بنسبة بلغت 88.4%، وتعطل عمل المجلس التشريعي بنسبة 83.9%، ثم طول فتـرة التقاضي في النـزاعات التجارية والمالية بنسبة 80.6%.رابعا: محور معوقات الإدارة العامة: کانت العبارتان اللتان حصلتا على أعلى درجة موافقة هن (بطئ إجـراءات الحکومة في سداد مستحقات القطاع الخاص، وضعف القدرة على إيجاد منافذ تسويقية خارجية) بنسبة موافقة بلغت 83.2% لکل منهما.أوصت الدراسة بعدد من السياسيات والإجـراءات التـي قد تساعد في تحسيـن بيئة الاستثمار الخاص في الاقتصاد الفلسطيني.

La investigación tuvo el propósito de examinar la aplicación de actividades lúdicas y prácticas de laboratorio en el nivel de enseñanza medio superior, en las unidades de aprendizaje Biología y Fundamentos de Genética y Biotecnología. Se intentó detectar el beneficio de tales actividades y prácticas en función del aprovechamiento de los alumnos y de la reducción del número de estudiantes con segunda oportunidad. Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental con una muestra total de 387 estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron un aumento en el índice de aprobación en los grupos donde se realizaron actividades lúdicas y prácticas de laboratorio. La experiencia recomienda implementar tales actividades y prácticas para un mejor aprovechamiento escolar.

The drug-injury relief system in Taiwan was implemented 20 years ago with the goal of providing timely relief for drug injuries incurred by the proper use of legal drugs. This system utilizes a nonlitigation expert review process to evaluate drug-injury relief applications, and 2,732 applications have been reviewed from 1999-2016. Of these, 1,572 applications received relief payments, an approval rate of 58%. Average review timeframes per application have decreased from 248 days (2003-2011) to 182 days (2012-2016). Most adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for approved cases involved skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (67%), with allopurinol being the primary culprit drug. A recent decline observed for such ADRs may reflect the influences of promotional activities and policy initiatives carried out according to informed analysis from drug-injury relief applications, which suggests that the drug-injury relief system can also play an important public health role in enhancing drug safety.

The study aimed to identify the transition to distance education for King Saud University students in light of the coronavirus crisis from the faculty members' perspective following certain variables; such as obtaining the perspective of faculty members about students' use of distance education tools, their satisfaction level with the transition toward distance education, and the reflection of such transition and its obstacles in light of the coronavirus crisis. The study followed the descriptive approach with a sample of (362) faculty members at King Saud University. The study used a questionnaire consisting of (4) axes that were directly related to the study questions. The results of the study indicated that the application level of distance education tools by King Saud University students in light of the coronavirus crisis came largely according to the relative weight of 81.7%. There was a significant level of satisfaction with King Saud University students regarding the transition, with a relative weight of 80.9%. The study also showed that there were significant repercussions regarding the transition to distance education in light of the coronavirus crisis; where the approval rate was 86.6%. In addition, there were noticeable obstacles, from the perspective of the university's faculty members that hinder the transition process for the students; where the rate was 72.3%. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample towards the impact of shifting to distance education due to the age variable to the benefit of the sample individuals under the age of (40); no such differences appeared on the variable of gender. The study showed the presence of statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample towards the impact of shifting to distance education due to the variable of years of experience; these differences were for the benefit of those who have less than (5) years of years' experience and for the benefit of the sample who have (5) to (10) years of experience. The researcher recommended the necessity of spreading awareness in the local community and changing their views towards graduates and students of distance education by believing in them with confidence and conviction in their capabilities and competence.

Using proprietary loan screening data, we document that loan officers engage in “attention discrimination”: they exert less effort reviewing ex-ante disadvantage applicants, leading to higher rejection rates than otherwise justified by those applicants’ credit quality. Attention discrimination increases with the officers’ time constraints induced by quasi-random workload variations. When officer workload rises from the bottom to the top decile, they devote 70% less time to disadvantaged applicants, and the approval rate for those applicants declines by three-fifths. Our results indicate that attention constraints magnify discrimination, which provides policy implications about how to reduce discrimination in practice.

The proposed work predicts the outcome of H1-B VISAS that are applied by professionals belonging to different fields. This VISA is applied on temporary basis and to specialized workers only. People with B-Tech degree or equivalent can apply for the VISA if the requisite skills are required by the employers of USA H1-B VISA has a time limit of 3 years but can be extended up to 6 years. Being one of the most sought-after VISAs, its approval rate is pretty low. In the year 2019, out of 200,000 applicants only 85,000 applications for the VISA got approved. So, the rate of approval is only 42%. On yearly basis, due to increase in competition, the approval rate of the VISA is getting stringent. There are several factors on which the selection rate of the VISA depends. For predicting the success rate of VISA approval, we have considered a proposed system that works on the data set downloaded from Kaggle.com. The data set is then converted to numerical form using some encoding schemes. We also build an ANN model and use this data set to train the model. If the output is 0, then the VISA application is rejected, and if the output is 1, then the VISA application is accepted. This paper predicts the success of an individual in obtaining H1-B VISA. The proposed system in this paper obtains an accuracy of 94% in predicting the success of H1-B VISA.

The pH in the human body is of vital importance for its proper functioning, an imbalance in it can cause serious health problems and even death. This topic is addressed in the first Biochemistry course of the Bachelor of Medicine in all universities and has always shown a high degree of difficulty, consequently, the failure rate is high. To support the attention to this problem, previous works describe the design and development of a Learning Object for this topic, emphasizing its importance and at the same time, seeking to influence the increase in the approval rate. This work describes the methodology that was followed to carry out a study of the satisfaction of this Learning Object, whose contents are presented in three videos. Students from nine sections of the first Biochemistry course from the first semester of the Faculty of Medicine of the Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla participated in the study, which was carried out during the fall semester of 2019. The results document a high degree of satisfaction and indicate areas of opportunity to produce similar learning objects.

To combat the difficulty that many students must learn how to program, the failure in introductory programming courses and the traditional high dropout rate, teachers have to use strategies that motivate and improve students' skills. Active methodologies and student-centered instruction can be a solution to get students interested on the subject, preparing assignments while learning in the classroom. This article reports on two very different experiences in two academic years. In the first year, agile SCRUM methodology, groups of five students, three interactions and a final project were used. In the second year, the Project based Learning was used with groups of three students for two different products, changing the composition of the groups. In both cases, peer classification was used. The results show that in the first case there is an increase in the approval rate, while in the second case there is an increase in the dropout rate. In this article we make a critical analysis of the results, analyzing what can be beneficial in one experiment and in the other in order to find an ideal model for using active methodologies to teach freshman computer science students how to program.

The presidential approval rate among a president’s copartisans has received a great deal of attention and is an important quantity for understanding accountability of the executive branch. We show ...

The aims of this study were to identify types of deficiencies resulting in delay of approvals for drugs eventually approved by the US FDA and to search for factors associated with higher first-cycle approval rates. Review documents of New Drug Applications approved between 2008 and 2017 were retrieved from the Drugs@FDA database. Basic characteristics of the applications, regulatory actions, and reasons for non-approvals and/or major amendments after first review cycle were investigated. Of 825 applications studied, 446 (54.1%) applications received first-cycle approvals without a review extension resulting from a major amendment. Non-approvals (240, 29.1%) were based primarily on chemistry/manufacturing/controls and safety reasons. A higher first-cycle approval rate was associated with factors related to unmet medical needs or innovative development. The association between higher first-cycle approval rates and innovative drugs or those addressing unmet needs reveals the FDA’s commitment in advancing innovation and protecting public health.

ملخص البحث : هدف البحث الحالي إلى تحديد المعايير التربوية الخاصة بتصميم البرامج الإرشادية القائمة على ترشيد الاستهلاک، واستخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي حسب مقتضى البحث، وقد توصلت الباحثتان إلى النتائج التالية: تحديد المعايير التربوية الأساسية الخاصة بتصميم البرامج الإرشادية القائمة على ترشيد الاستهلاک فى ضوء خطوات تصميم البرامج من حيث الأهداف ،وخصائص الفئة المستهدفة ،و المحتوي ،والأنشطة التربوية الخاصة بالبرنامج، والتغذية الراجعة ،وأساليب التقييم الخاصة بالبرنامج، وقد کانت نسبة الموافقة مرتفعة على جميع المعايير مما يعنى أنها مطلوبة عن تصميم البرامج الإرشادية القائمة على ترشيد الاستهلاک. Abstract The current research aims to identify educational standards for the design of guidance programs based on rational consumption, and the researchers used the descriptive approach as required by the research, the researchers have reached the following results: Determine the basic educational standards for the design of guidance programs based on the rationalization of consumption in In light of the steps of program design in terms of objectives, characteristics of the target group, content, educational activities of the program, feedback and evaluation methods of the program, the approval rate was high on all criteria, which means They are required for the design of demonstration programs based on rational consumption.

Whether competition helps or hinders firms’ access to finance is a much-debated question in economic literature and policy issues. This study considers the consequences of bank competition on credit constraints using rich enterprise-level data set from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys. The study addresses 9632 firms from 27 African Countries. In addition to classical concentration measure, competition is measured by three non-structural measures (Boone indicator, H-statistics and Lerner index). The results show that bank competition worsens credit/financing constraints which supports the information hypothesis. However, further investigations show that bank competition has a significant positive effect on firms’ need for external financing, decision to apply for new line of credit and banks loan approval decision. Despite higher loan application approval rate by banks, large proportion of firms are discouraged to apply for bank loan. Small, medium and young firms are more likely to report higher financing constraints, more likely to need external financing but less likely to apply for bank loans and have low access to bank loan.

The proportion of the favorable among voters to a nominee might change over times and depend on different factors for example: talent, reputation, party and even name order on election. The unobservable factors which might have minor impacts on the approval rate are modelized by random elements. The approval rate is initially described by the differential equation and then by the random differential equation including the above unobservable factors. We figure out the formula of the solution for the stochastic differential equation and simulate these solutions to identify the changes of the approval rate over time.

The development of imaging agents was initially driven following the discovery of X-ray technologies, but quickly evolved and expanded to include radiolabeling of cells and tissues to assist disease diagnosis and progression. The first imaging agents preceded the Great War but the field did not gain momentum until the 1950s. The approval rate for imaging NMEs continued at a high level for the remainder of the 20th century, but substantially decreased thereafter. This decline in approval rates corresponds with industry consolidation. Such losses have stabilized, but could have important implications for a field that has conveyed direct benefits to medicine and that could ensure the future of the wider biopharmaceutical industry.

Objective: The aim has been to reach to the best way to produce fabrics on flat weft knitted machine to reach the best specifications that achieve the required aesthetic properties. Methodology: The use of jacquard as one of the executive methods of weft knitted fabrics used in outerwear fabrics and the experimental study of change in structures, it is determined that it affects the efficiency and characteristics of the aesthetic performance of the fabrics produced as women's outerwear. Therefore, the local product for weft knitted jacquard fabrics can be developed and treating the common and apparent defects in products. The fabrics of the research were produced using the different executive methods: (Jersey - Rip 1 x 1 in width 1 fiber, Rip 1 x 1 in length 2 fiber)A gauge (12) flat jacquard weft knitting machine has been used with an acrylic fiber material no 40/2 . After carrying out the fabric samples and doing some questionnaires to compare the three models. Conclusion: It has been concluded that The use of different structural structures of jacquard weave led to achieve the aesthetic properties of the product. And according to a Consumer Survey carried out, the customer approval rate for the product is increased after the product is available in the local market, thus increasing the percentage of marketing to satisfy the customer In addition, it was found that using structure (Derby 1 * 1 in one string width) achieved the best results in the survey of the specialized academics.

The research is conducted with background that Macau government has had positive satisfaction rate from 1999 to 2018. According to Macau annual survey by HKU’s public polling survey released in December 2018, Macau government received with highest satisfaction rate of 75.8% in 2014 and 62.6% of Macau residents evaluate the policy of the Central Government on Macau after the Handover to be very good and quite good. 62% of Macau residents rated trust in the Beijing Government in 2018 with highest rate at 79.9% during the research period. The Macau’s GDP per capital recorded USD of USD 83,000 per capital in 2019 from USD15,000 in 1999 during the research period. Macau has no independence ranking on the league table the reporter without border ranking. The Article 27 of Macau Basic Law guarantees that Article 27 Macao residents shall have freedom of speech, of the press and of publication; freedom of association, of assembly, Of procession and of demonstration; and the right and freedom to form and join trade unions, and to strike. On 10th June 2019, in order to prevent the spread of rumours, fake news or misinformation during emergency situations, the Legislative Assembly (AL) 1st Standing Committee passed the Civil Protection Law which defines crimes against public security, order and peace in sudden incidents of public nature, with a previous draft predicting a possible prison sentence of up to three years for spreading false, unfounded and biased news. This paper aims to apply requirements used by the reporter without border for measurement of the editorial independence to obtain the perspective of Macau Journalists towards the degree of press freedom in Macau and whether the organizations they work for fulfill the press freedom as the intrinsic values of Psychological Contract on their employment contract after the passing of this law. 10 news workers from Macau local media organizations were interviewed anonymously for this research.

Ponencia de la conferencia "4th International Symposium on Emerging Technologies for Education, SETE 2019, was held in conjunction with the 18th International Conference on Web-based Learning, ICWL 2019; Magdeburg; Germany; 23 September 2019 through 25 September 2019" Continuous Education Centre from the National Polytechnic School of Ecuador (CEC-EPN) develops online education courses under a constructivist academic approach, following the ADDIE instructional approach, reaching more than 10,000 students per year. These courses implementation suffers common problems related to low student participation, low academic performance, low approval rate and low student satisfaction. The current trends of virtual education are influenced by new strategies such as the use of gamification in the design of virtual content; this is due to the good results it has had on motivation, academic performance and student participation. This document describes the implementation of a strategy of gamification based on role-play in a MOOC course on Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse in the CEC-EPN. The strategy was validated through an experimental design involving a control group (receiving a traditional course) and an experimental group (receiving the gamified course). The evaluation focuses on the analysis of the following variables: User Satisfaction, Approval Rate and Academic Performance. The results show the implemented strategy contributes to the improvement of the aforementioned variables.

Arabic Abstract: هدف البحث إلى معرفة مدى جاهزية الجامعات الفلسطينية الخاصة نحو التحول الرقمي، وقد استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم استخدام الاستبانة كأداة لجمع المعلومات، وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة في الموظفين العاملين في الجامعات الفلسطينية الخاصة في المحافظات الجنوبية (جامعة فلسطين، جامعة غزة، جامعة الإسراء) وقد تم استخدام طريقة العينة العشوائية الطبقية حسب الجامعة، حيث تم توزيع (170) استبانة على مجتمع الدراسة وتم الحصول على (110) استبانة صالحة للتحليل بنسبة استرداد 65% تقريبا، وقد توصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج من أهمها: أن هناك موافقة كبيرة بنسبة 81.52% لدعم الإدارة العليا للتحول الرقمي، وبنسبة أقل لمجال التوجهات الاستراتيجية الملائمة للتحول الرقمي بنسبة 78.82% بينما مجال توفر البنية التحتية الفنية اللازمة للتحول الرقمي جاء بنسبة 77.88%، ومجال البيئة الإدارية والمالية المناسبة للتحول الرقمي بنسبة 76.20% وفي المرتبة الأخيرة مجال الموارد البشرية والتنظيمية اللازمة للتحول الرقمي بنسبة 74.97%، كما تبين أنه توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات درجات تقدير أفراد عينة الدراسة تعزى الى (العمر، الوظيفة)، بينما لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين متوسطات درجات تقدير أفراد عينة الدراسة تعزى الى (الجنس، المؤهل العلمي، الخبرة، الجامعة)، وبناء على نتائج البحث، كان من أهم توصياته: العمل على توفير كافة العوامل الداعمة لجهوزية الجامعات الفلسطينية نحو التحول الرقمي مع التركيز على توفير البيئة الإدارية والمالية إضافة إلى تأهيل الموارد البشرية والتنظيمية اللازمة لنجاح عملية التحول التي ثبت أن لها العديد من المزايا في العملية التعليمية. English Abstract: The research targeted the readiness of local private Palestinian Universities towards the digital transformation. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach, and the questionnaire was adopted as a tool to collect information. A stratified random sample method was used with accordance to the targeted University, where (170) questionnaires were distributed, and (110) questionnaires valid for analysis were obtained at a rate of recovery of approximately 65%. The research demonstrated several results, the most important of which are: There is a significant approval rate of 81.52% to support senior management of digital transformation, and with a lower percentage for the field of strategic directions appropriate for digital transformation by 78.82% while the field of technical infrastructure availability for digital transformation came with a rate of 77.88%, The field of administrative environment And the appropriate financing for digital transformation by 76.20%, The human and organizational resources needed for digital transformation by 74.97%, as it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores for the individuals of the study sample attributed to (age, job), while there are no significant differences A statistic between the mean scores for the estimate of the individuals of the study sample attributed to (gender, educational qualification, experience, university). One of the most important research outcomes recommendations was: Working to provide all the factors that support the readiness of Palestinian universities towards digital transformation, with a focus on providing the administrative and financial environment in addition to qualifying the human and organizational resources necessary for the success of the transformation process.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), are one of the most disruptive trends along the last 12 years. This is evidenced by the number of students enrolled since their emergence with over 101 million people taking one of the more than 11,400 MOOCs available. However, the approval rate of students in these types of courses is only about 5%. This has led to a great deal of interest among researchers in studying students’ behavior in these types of courses. The aim of this article is to explore the behavior of students in a MOOC. Specifically, to study students learning sequences and extract their behavioral patterns in the different study sessions. To reach the goal, using process mining techniques, process models of N = 1,550 students enrolled in a MOOC in Coursera were obtained. As a result, two groups of students were classified according to their study sessions, where differences were found both in the students’ interactions with the MOOC resources and in the way the lessons were approached on a weekly basis. In addition, students who passed the course repeated the assessments several times until they passed, without returning to review a video-lecture in advance. The results of this work contribute to extend the knowledge about students’ behavior in online environments.

The following chapter presents the Delphi Study that was conducted during the Development of the Relational Model for Intercultural Project Customer Engagement (ICPCE). Section 4.1 introduces the factor relationships of the ICPCE-model that will be used as test items in the Delphi questionnaire. Section 4.2 describes the methodology, execution and results of the Delphi Study. The last section (4.3) presents the results of the Delphi rounds and an additional Expert workshop. The ICPCE-model can be regarded as largely confirmed by the Delphi Study and the complementary expert workshop, given that they comply with very rigid requirements for approval in terms of approval rate and standard deviation.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women. The 5-year survival rate for metastatic pancreatic cancer is only 8%. There remains a need for improved early diagnosis and therapy for pancreatic cancer. Murine models are the current standard for preclinical study of pancreatic cancer. However, mice may not accurately reflect human biology because of a variety of differences between the two species. Remarkably, only 5–8% of anti-cancer drugs that have emerged from preclinical studies and entered clinical studies have ultimately been approved for clinical use. The cause of this poor approval rate is multi-factorial, but may in part be due to use of murine models that have limited accuracy with respect to human disease. Murine models also have limited utility in the development of diagnostic or interventional technology that require a human-sized model. So, at present, there remains a need for improved animal models of pancreatic cancer. The rationale for a porcine model of pancreatic cancer is (i) to enable development of diagnostic/therapeutic devices for which murine models have limited utility; and (ii) to have a highly predictive preclinical model in which anti-cancer therapies can be tested and optimized prior to a clinical trial. Recently, pancreatic tumors were induced in transgenic Oncopigs and porcine pancreatic ductal cells were transformed that contain oncogenic KRAS and p53-null mutations. Both techniques to induce pancreatic tumors in pigs are undergoing further refinement and expansion. The Oncopig currently is commercially available, and it is conceivable that other porcine models of pancreatic cancer may be available for general use in the near future.

This study aims to increase the learning motivation of students in studying the subject matter of chemical equilibrium. Therefore, we developed learning application based smartphone in a problem-based learning model that called ChemOnPhone which is valid, practical and effective to use. To achieve this aim, we followed the Hannafin and Peck's model development phases: analysis, design, development and implementation. The ChemOnPhone we built had been through validation processes by an educational media and a subject content experts. We then revised the app accordingly by considering these expert reviews until the app considered as valid. To evaluate the practicality and the effectiveness of the app, we then tried it out to Year XI Science students of SMAN 2 Sidrap. The results of media validation and trial showed that: (1) the media was very valid (marked 3.93 out of 4), (2) the content was valid (marked 3.01 out of 4). ChemOnPhone was also considered practical and effective based on (1) The implementation was graded as effective (M = 1.85, 1.5 ≤ M ≤ 2.0), (2) The approval rate was 97.2% and 86.4% by teachers and students, accordingly. ChemOnPhone has met the effective criteria as (1) students learning motivation improved from 60.9% out of 84.4%, (2) students learning activity was averagely 87.5%, which met the active criterion, and (3) the average learning results achieved was 88.4% out of 100%, which pass the effective criteria of ≥ 80%. Overall, ChemOnPhone was valid, practical and effective to use in learning the chemical equilibrium subject.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é mapear o cenário nacional de descentralização de recursos do governo federal para municípios brasileiros, via transferências voluntárias, por meio de programáticas ministeriais e de emendas parlamentares individuais dos deputados federais. Recorrendo ao método de pesquisa documental, fontes oficiais de informações foram acessadas, possibilitando a construção de banco de dados para análise e interpretação. Os resultados apontaram para uma distribuição heterogênea de recursos entre os municípios do Brasil. Além disso, o estudo concluiu que a taxa de liberação de propostas decorrentes de emendas parlamentares foi bem maior do que aquelas resultantes dos editais da própria programática dos ministérios. Resumen El propósito de este artículo es mapear el escenario nacional de la descentralización de los recursos del gobierno federal para los municipios brasileños, a través de transferencias voluntarias, por programas ministeriales y enmiendas parlamentarias individuales de los diputados. Utilizando el método de investigación documental, accediendo a fuentes oficiales de información, permitiendo la construcción de la base de datos para análisis e interpretación. Los resultados señalaron una distribución heterogénea de los recursos entre los municipios de Brasil. Además, el estudio concluyó que la tasa de liberación de propuestas a través de enmiendas parlamentarias fue mucho mayor que la resultantes de los edictos de los programas de los ministerios. Abstract The aim of this article is to map the national decentralization stage of financial resources from the federal government to Brazilian districts by voluntary transfers, by means of ministerial programs and individual parliamentary amendments proposed by federal deputies. In order to do it, the documentary research method was used and official information sources had been accessed, which made it possible to build a database for analysis and interpretation. The results showed a heterogeneous distribution of financial resources among the Brazilian districts. In addition, the study still found that the approval rate of parliamentary amendments proposals was much higher than those formulated by ministerial programs.