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Alvania angioyi van Aartsen, 1982 (Fig 19G, H) Alvania angioyi van Aartsen, 1982: 4 Alvania watsoni ���Dautzenberg, 1889: 51, pl. 3, fig. 8 (non Schwartz in R. B. Watson, 1873) Other references. Alvania angioyi; Gofas, 1990: 113, figs 7a-c, figs 54���57; ��vila et al., 2002: 362, figs 41���43; ��vila, 2005: 264���267, pl. I, figs 1���13 and pl. II, figs 1���6; Martins et al., 2009: 41, figs 133, 134. Type Material. Lectotype and 20 paralectotypes (coll. H. Fischer ex Dautzenberg, MNHN), type locality: Faial, bay of Horta 15���20 m depth, ���Hirondelle sta 103���, Azores; paralectotypes from shore sand of Sao Miguel (Dautzenberg ex d���Aguyar, MOM) and from off Pico 38��34���30���N��� 28��06���15���W, 1287 m (���Hirondelle��� st. 112, MOM) (Gofas, 1990). Material examined. Azores: Ponta Delgada (Sa�� Miguel Is.), beached, 7 sh (JT, JDO); Biscoitos (Terceira), 1 m depth, 24 sh (JT, JDO); unprecised locality, 18 m depth, 13 shells (JT, JDO); unprecised data, 3 sh (MO). Distribution. It is endemic to the Azores. Remarks. A. angioyi lives in algal facies, more commonly in shallow waters, can reach 35 m depth (��vila, 2005: 51). The sculpture of the teleoconch is rather variable. It has three spiral cords above the aperture, rarely four. A common variant has weak or almost absent axial sculpture. It is very similar to A. canariensis, from which it differs in the protoconch sculpture, with marked spirals (��vila 2005)., Published as part of Amati, Bruno, Appolloni, Massimo, Giulio, Andrea Di, Scuderi, Danilo, Smriglio, Carlo & Oliverio, Marco, 2020, Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species, pp. 415-458 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on page 447, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3772979, {"references":["van Aartsen, J. J. (1982) Tavole sinottiche di conchiologia Mediterranea ed Europea Genere Alvania (Sottogeneri: Arsenia e Alvaniella). La Conchiglia, 14 (164 - 165), 4 - 6.","Gofas, S. (1990) The littoral Rissoidae and Anabathridae of Sao Miguel, Azores. In: Martins, A. M. de F. (Ed.), The marine fauna and flora of the Azores. Proceedings of the First International Workshop of Malacology Sao Miguel, Azores, Acoreana, Suplemento 2, pp. 97 - 134.","Avila, S. P., Amen, R., Azevedo, J. M. N., Cachao, M. & Garcia-Talavera, F. (2002) Checklist of the Pleistocene Marine Molluscs of Prainha and Lagoinhas (Santa Maria Island, Azores). Acoreana, 9 (4), 343 - 370.","Avila, S. P. (2005) Processos e padroes de dispersao e colonizacao nos Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) dos Acores. Tese de Doutoramento em: Biologia, Universidade dos Acores, Ponta Delgada, 329 pp.","Martins, A. M. F, Borges, J. P., Avila, S. P., Costa, A. C., Madeira, P. & Morton, B. (2009) Illustrated checklist of the infralittoral molluscs off Vila Franca do Campo. Acoreana, Supplement 6, 15 - 103."]}

Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) (Figs 1 A���R; 2A���J; 3; 14A���C; 15A���C; 18A���D; Table II) Rissoa scabra Philippi, 1844: 126, pl. 23, fig. 8 Rissoa oranica Pallary, 1900: 322, pl. VII, fig. 4 Other references. Rissoa oranica; Pallary, 1920: 50, fig. 20 and 30. Alvania oranica; van Aartsen, 1982: 5, 6, 12 unnumbered figs; Giannuzzi Savelli et al., 2002: 109, figs 446���447; Perna, 2013: 63, 2 unnumbered figs, 64, 2 unnumbered figs. Alvania scabra; Bogi et al., 1983: 6, fig. 11; van Aartsen et al., 1984: 24, fig. 102 (two figures); Oliver & Templado, 2009: 61 and 63, figs 17���19 and 26���27; Gofas et al., 2011: 183, 3 unnumbered figs; Scaperrotta et al., 2012: 53, 5 unnumbered figs; Bitlis & ��zt��rk, 2017: 404, fig. 5I, J; Villari & Scuderi, 2017: 197, fig. 16���19; Villari, 2018: 940, 941, figs 10���16; 20; Scaperrotta et al., 2019: 143, pl. IV, fig. H. Type material. Rissoa scabra Philippi: Neotype (MCZR-M-22162/N, Monterosato coll.) (Figs 1 A���C; 15A���C) here designated (H 1.9 mm, W 1.15 mm), type locality: Magnisi (Italy). Rissoa oranica Pallary: Lectotype (MCZR- M-22059/L) here designated (H 2.25 mm, W 1.35 mm) (Figs 2 A���C) and 41 paralectotypes (MCZR-M-22059/P, Monterosato coll. ex Pallary coll.) (including one shell of A. sculptilis), type locality: Arzew, Oran (Algeria). Other material examined. Morocco: Al Hoceima, 2 sh (CS-PM). Algeria: Oran, 40 sh (MCZR-M-22161). Spain: Columbretes Islands, 15 m depth, 15 sh (JT, JDO); Portichol, Javea, Alicante, 2 m depth, 15 sh (JT, JDO); Cabo de Palos, 1 sh (BA); Cala de los Canuelos (Maro), 36��44.5���N 03��47.3���W, rocks, photophile algae 8���10 m depth vii.1999, 6 sh (SG); Los Escullos, San Jos��, Almer��a, 36��47.8���N 02��03.6���W, rocks, photophile algae 1���5 m depth, 12 sh (SG); Playa del Embarcadero, Los Escullos, Almer��a, infralittoral rocks i.1990 49 sh (MNHN), 5 sh (MNHN.AN29); Playazo de Rodalquilar, Almer��a, infralittoral rocks i.1990, 1 sh (MNHN); Calahonda, Mal��ga, 36��29.4���N 04��41.8���W, rocks, photophylous algae, low tide, 6 sh (SG); Benalmadena-Costa, beached 36��35.3���N 04��31.7���W 3 lv (SG); Getares, Punta Carnero, beached 40 sh (CS-PM); 1 sh (BA). Balearic Islands: Colonian Sant���Jordi (Majorca Is.), 0.50 m depth, Caulerpa sp., 15 lv (CS-PM), 1 sh (BA); Punta de na Gall (Menorca Is.), 10 m depth, 20 sh (JT, JDO). France: Port de St-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, 1 sh. (Gilles Devauchelle coll.). Corsica: Cap Corse, 600 m depth, 2 sh (AP). Sardinia: Palau, Portu Mannu, 1.5 m depth, 6 sh (BA); Carloforte, 7 m depth 7.viii.1981, 1 sh (BA). Sicily: Ustica Is. 35 m depth, 5 sh (BA); Salina Is., ���Grotta dei gamberetti��� 35 m depth, 2002,>300 sh (BA), 40���45 m depth, 6 sh (CS-PM); Magnisi, 14 sh (MCZR-M-22162); Messina, 1 sh as R. mutabilis (MCZR-M- 22227, Monterosato coll. ex Granata-Grillo coll.); Messina 4 sh (MCZR-M-22227, Monterosato coll. ex Seguenza coll.); Cannizzaro, 43 m depth, 1 sh (BA); Cannizzaro 35 m depth 2 sh (BA), 30 m depth 10 sh (BA); Acitrezza 40 m depth, 4 sh (BA); Ognina beached, 3 sh (BA); Siracusa 4���7 m depth viii.1982, 1 sh (BA); Marettimo Is., 25���45 m depth, 8 sh (CS-PM); Marettimo Is., Cattedrale Cave, 37��56���45���N 12��4���42���E, 28 m, 150 sh (BA, MO); Pantelleria Is., Scauri, 13 m depth 12.vi.1991, 9 sh (BA); Pantelleria Is., Scauri, 15���20 m depth 2.vii.2006, 7 sh (BA); Pantelleria Is., 50 m depth, 18 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Balata Piatta, 20 m depth, 100 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Secchitella 40 m, 1 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Secchitella 30 m depth, 70 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Secchitella, 20 m depth, 30 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Punta Calcarello, 36 m depth, 10 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Tre Ceppi, 28 m depth, 2 sh (CS-PM); Lampedusa Is., 30 m depth, 1991, 13 sh (BA), 1 sh (MO); Lampedusa Is., Punta Madonna, 5 m depth on Cystoseira sauvageauana (Hamel, 1939), 3 lv, 11.viii.1990 (RC); Lampedusa Is., Scoglio Pignalta, 10 m depth on Cystoseira sauvageauana (Hamel, 1939), 7 lv, 6.viii.1990 (RC); Lampedusa Is., Punta Galera, 10 m depth on Cystoseira sauvageauana (Hamel, 1939), 164 lv, 1.viii.1990 (RC); Lampedusa Is., Punta Sottile, 10 m depth on Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau, 1904, 9 lv, 31.vii.1990 (RC); Lampedusa Is., Capo Ponente, 10 m depth on Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau, 1904, 3 lv, 3.viii.1990 (RC); Lampedusa Is., Punta Galera, 3 m depth on Cystoseira barbatula K��tzing, 1860, 19 lv, 1.viii.1990 (RC); Lampedusa Is., Isola dei Conigli, 10 m depth on Cystoseira sauvageauana (Hamel, 1939); Lampedusa Is., 7 lv, 4.viii.1990 (RC), Punta Galera, 5 m depth on Cystoseira barbatula K��tzing, 1860, 8 lv, 1.viii.1990 (RC); Lampedusa Is., Punta Galera, 10 m depth on Cystoseira sauvageauana (Hamel, 1939), 10 lv, 1.viii.1990 (RC); fossil of Milazzo (Saharian, Pliocene?) 2 sh (MGUF, vertical showcase 153, Seguenza G. coll.); fossil of Milazzo (Saharian, Pliocene?) 5 sh as Alvania mutabilis Schw. (MGUF vertical showcase 153, Seguenza G. coll.). Italy: Giannutri Is., 45 m depth 2 sh (CS-PM); Zannone Is., 25 m depth, ix.2009, 100 sh (MO); Ventotene Is., Secca di S. Stefano, 70 m depth, 2015, 29 sh (CS-PM); Ponza Is., 60 m depth 23 sh (CS-PM); Napoli, 3 sh (MCZR-M-22227, Monterosato coll. ex Tiberi coll.); Maratea, Santo Janni Is., 24 m depth, 2 sh (BA); Le Castella, Isola di Capo Rizzuto, 0.50 m depth, Zostera sp., 3 lv (CS-PM); Scilla, 42 m depth 9 sh (CS-PM), 43���44 m depth vii.2015, 1 sh (MO); Strait of Messina, 1 lv (BA); Otranto, 5 sh (MO); Gallipoli, beached, 1 sh (BA). Croatia: Lastovo Is., 38 m depth 1 sh (BA); Split, 50 m depth, 1 sh (AP). Greece: Kefallonia Is., 1 sh (BA). Turkey: Aydincik, 34 sh (BA). Distribution. Checked data indicate a range from the westernmost Mediterranean Sea to southern Turkey in the Levant Basin (see Remarks and Fig. 3). It is common in shallow waters on hard bottoms with photophylous algae (Dantart et al. 1990; Giacobbe 2002; Gofas et al. 2011; Scaperrotta et al. 2012; ��zt��rk et al. 2014; Villari & Scuderi 2017). Live specimens are present in 0���50 m depth. Shells from deeper bottoms (e.g. from Cap Corse, France 600 m depth) probably drifted from shallower habitat (Bonfitto et al. 1994a; 1994b; Smriglio & Mariottini 1996). Found sympatric with A. sculptilis, A. sororcula, A. josefoi, A. scuderii, A. lucinae and A. pizzinii n. sp. Description (data on the neotype in parentheses). Shell (Figs 1 A���R; 2A���J; 14A���C; 15A���C) small for the genus, height 1.41���2.55 (1.9) mm, width 0.92���1.37 (1.15) mm, H/W ratio 1.553 ���1.951 (1.652), ovate-conical. Protoconch (Fig. 15B) paucispiral with nucleus moderately intorted, of 1.2���1.5 (1.2) whorls, height 0.250 ���0.320 (0.275) mm, nucleus diameter (d) 0.090 ���0.112 (0.100) mm, first half whorl diameter (Do) 0.200 ���0.220 (0.200) mm, maximum diameter (DM) 0.312 ���0.350 (0.325) mm; sculpture of a dozen parallel rows of rounded to broadly triangular microtubercles, sometimes fused, and occasional spiral threads in the interspaces (Fig. 15B). Protoconch-teleoconch boundary well marked. Teleoconch of 2.6���4.1 (3.2) convex whorls, with suture impressed. Axial sculpture on the last whorl of orthocline 11���20 ribs (16), plus the labial varix, narrower than the interspaces, gradually vanishing at the base. Spiral sculpture finer than axial, of equidistant cords, 7���9 (9) on the last whorl, of which 3���5 (4) above the aperture and 4���5 (5) on the base, 2���4 (3) on the penultimate whorl. Cords II and IV starting immediately after the protoconch-teleoconch boundary; cord III starting as a cordlet after 0.5���2 (0.5) whorl, gradually yet rapidly turning into a cord; cord I appearing at 1.2���2.5 (1.8) whorls (Table II); cord V rarely present (absent), appearing later. Small, rounded tubercles at the intersections, sometimes spinulose, especially on the first whorls; interspaces quadrangular. Microsculpture of growth lines and spiral threads overall (Fig. 15C). Umbilical chink absent or barely visible. Aperture pyriform, small, height 0.63���0.95 (0.75) mm, H/Ha ratio 2.312 ���2.949 (2.533), peristome continuous, outer varix modest, internally smooth. Colouration translucent yellowish, occasionally whitish, with darker spiral band at the base and quadrangular subsutural brown blotches; periphery and median columellar area whitish. Operculum typical for the genus, thin, corneous, paucispiral with eccentric nucleus. Soft parts (Figs 18 A���D): semi-transparent whitish background with dark-grey/black areas on head and snout (forming a sort of mask encircling eyes and mouth), opercular area, and on both sides of the body, extending and merging into a median band on the sole of foot. Yellow speckles on snout, merged in short stripes on head behind and in front of eyes, forming lines along cephalic tentacles, on foot, on opercular area and on propodium, and a yellow �� figure under the operculum; scattered white speckles on cephalic tentacles; 3���4 metapodial tentacles. Remarks (See also Table II and Figs 1 A���R; 2A���J; 3; 14A���C; 15A���C; 18A���D). Alvania scabra is known from most of the Mediterranean Sea (Material examined, and Fig. 3), and although major checklists of some countries do not report this species explicitly, it is frequently reported from neighbouring countries. For instance, neither B.D.D. (1884) nor Giribet & Pe��as (1997) reported it from France and Catalunia, respectively; however, it is rare, but present in Mediterranean France and at Baleares (see Material examined). It was not reported by Crocetta et al. (2019) for Lebanon, or by Pallary (1912) for Egypt, but it is known from southern Turkey and from Malta (Cachia et al. 1996). Cecalupo et al. (2008) did not report it from the Gulf of Gab��s but Fekih & Gougerot (1974) did report it from the Gulf of Tunis. A. scabra is strikingly variable in size, proportions and thickness of the shell, and in sculpture, with some degree of variation even within populations (Figs 1 I���N), and with almost all intermediates. The size of the protoconch microtubercles is variable. Rare specimens have stronger teleoconch spirals than the axials (Fig. 1N). In some specimens the tubercles are very small or absent (Fig. 1N), or so large that they tend to nearly fuse vertically into a rib (Fig. 1M). Colouration varies in the intensity of the background from whitish to yellowish, or yellow, and in the size and shape of the brown blotches, from dark quadrangular subsutural (Figs 1F, G), to pairs of smaller ones (Figs 1Q, R). Monochrome white (Fig. 2I), orange and brownish specimens are occasionally found (Figs 1L, 2H), as also are shells with short and fine dashed stripes on the base over the spirals or more rarely banded with two darker brown bands (Fig. 1H). The few observations on live animals revealed also some variation; specimens from Sicily (S. Giovanni Li Cuti, Catania, 4 m depth: Figs 18A, B) showed four metapodial tentacles, and darker and more intense black staining on the animal, with the lateral black stripes continuing almost uninterrupted on the foot-sole. The animal sketched by Serge Gofas (Malaga) from Southern Spain (Los Escullos, Cabo de Palos, H. 2.35 mm, AN29. MNHN: Figs 18C, D) showed three metapodial tentacles, lighter black staining on the animal, with the lateral black stripes reaching the foot-sole but not merging into continuous band. This is the type species of Alvaniella Sacco, 1895 ex Monterosato ms, currently regarded as a synonym of Alvania Risso, 1826. The type material of Rissoa scabra Philippi, 1844 is lost, having not been found in the Philippi collections either at MNHNS (Santiago de Chile) (Oscar Alfredo Galvez Herrera, Santiago de Chile, pers. comm. 2017) or at MNH (Berlin) (Christine Zorn, Berlin, pers. comm. 2017). The report of two syntypes (MNHNS 178) of A. scabra (Coan & Kabat 2017) was recently refuted by the curator (Oscar Alfredo Galvez Herrera, Santiago de Chile, pers. comm. 2018). These two non-typical specimens, belonging to the Philippi collection, are very worn and lack the protoconch. They are certainly not referable to A. scabra; the original label is lost and they most probably belong to the extra-Mediterranean fauna. Given the complexity of the present complex, and to stabilize the use of the name, we have selected a neotype, conforming to the original description, from Magnisi, Sicily (Monterosato coll. MCZR-M-22162/N) (Figs 1 A���C; 15A���C). Alvania oranica (Pallary, 1900) has either been considered a valid species (e.g. Pallary 1900; Giannuzzi Savelli et al. 2002; Tabanelli et al. 2011), or as a synonym of A. scabra (Philippi, 1844) (e.g. Amati 1985; CLEMAM 2015; WoRMS 2019), or finally as a synonym of A. sculptilis (Monterosato, 1877) (e.g. Tringali 2001; Gofas et al. 2011). Pallary (1900) stated that his A. oranica differs from A. scabra by the smaller size (H 2 mm), the stouter profile (not so evident in the original drawing), the last whorl larger and the different sculpture. However, the original description and figure of Alvania oranica (Pallary, 1900: 322, pl. VII, fig. 4) are not concordant with the syntypes found in the Monterosato collection (MCZR), which in turn show a remarkable morphological variation (Figs 2 A���J). The label, written by Pallary, reads: ��� Alv. oranica types���La figure qui a ��t�� donne�� dans les Coquilles Marins d���Oran est fort mauvaise et ne permet nullement la reconnaissance de l���esp��ce. J���ai donnerai une photographie dans ma 2�� editions. Pour M. de Monterosato��� [Alv. oranica types���The figure provided in the Coquilles Marins d���Oran is bad and does not allow the recognition of the species. I shall provide a photograph in my second edition. For Mr. de Monterosato]. Subsequently, Pallary (1920: 50, figs 20, 30) pictured two specimens of A. oranica from T��touan and Tangier, Morocco, that are more concordant with the types at MCZR. The shell in his fig. 30 (Fig. 2G) is somehow different, possibly being a mere Atlantic variety (Pallary 1920) or a distinct, still unidentified species. Since there have been difficulties in the past in identifying this species, and the type series available (there is no material at MNHN, Virginie Heros pers. comm. 3.ix.2019) includes at least one specimen of a different species, there is the need for a lectotype designation. To stabilize the name usage, we have selected as lectotype the shell, among the syntypes, best corresponding to the original description (Figs 2 A���C), also in consideration of Pallary���s subsequent remarks on the label. The following nomina nuda probably refer to this species: Alvania mutabilis Brusina, 1866: 27 ex Schwartz ms (nomen nudum), from Molat and Zadar (Dalmatia); Rissoa mutabilis Weinkauff, 1868: 311 ex Schwartz ms (nomen nudum), from Algeria; Rissoa mutabilis Monterosato, 1872: 36 ex Schwartz ms (nomen nudum), from Palermo, Ognina, Pantelleria and Algeria; Rissoa (Alvania) mutabilis Seguenza G., 1874: 4 ex Schwartz ms (nomen nudum); Rissoa mutabilis Aradas & Benoit, 1874: 201 ex Schwartz ms (nomen nudum), from?Sicily; Rissoa etnea Monterosato, 1884: 59 ex Aradas ms (nomen nudum), from Catania, Sicily; Alvania mutabilis Carus, 1893: 329 ex Schwartz ms (as synonym of the A. scabra) (nomen nudum), from several localities for A. scabra; Alvania sericea Parenzan, 1970: 78 ex Monterosato ms (as synonym of the A. scabra) (nomen nudum). Rissoa mutabilis Weinkauff, 1868 ex Schwartz ms has been regarded as either available and a synonym of A. scabra (Bogi, Coppini & Margelli 1983; WoRMS 2019), or a nomen nudum (van Aartsen 1982; Moolenbeek & H.J. Hoenselaar 1998). Actually, Weinkauff (1868) only reported, without any description, the record by Brusina (1866) from Dalmatia, which is also a nomen nudum, and his own findings in Algeria. Subsequently, this binomen was not made available by other authors (e.g. Monterosato 1872; G. Seguenza 1874; Aradas & Benoit; Carus 1893; all ex Schwartz ms), nor is our intention to make them available in this work. Specimens (see ���Other material examined���) in the Monterosato collection (ex Granata-Grillo coll. MCZR-M-22227: labelled ��� Ris. mutabilis Schw. ms. (Alv.)���, subsequently corrected into ��� R. scabra Ph. ���) (Fig. 1D, E) and in the G. Seguenza collection (MGUF, vertical showcase 153: labelled ��� Rissoa mutabilis Schw. ���), are in fact A. scabra. Rissoa schwartzii Aradas & Benoit, 1874 was introduced for A. scabra sensu Jeffreys (1856); Jeffreys & Capellini (1860); Tapparone Canefri (1869) non Philippi, 1844. It is probably a synonym of R. lanciae Calcara, 1845 (see B.D.D. 1884: 289; Monterosato 1884: 59; Priolo 1953: 72), and not of R. scabra Philippi as suggested by Monterosato (1878: 85; 1884: 59), but is anyway preoccupied by Rissoa schwartzi H��rnes, 1856 (currently Alvania schwartzi) (H��rnes 1856: 573, pl. 48, fig. 18; Kowalke & Harzhauser 2004: 121, 122, fig. 7D). No specimens under this name were found in the Aradas collection at MCSNM, although Priolo (1953) mentioned finding some among the material studied therein. Tabanelli et al. (2011) used the names Alvania cf. scabra (Philippi, 1844) and Alvania cf. oranica (Pallary, 1900) for Pliocene specimens that evidently may be referred to another species, Rissoa (Alvaniella) pagodulina Sacco, 1895 sensu Chirli & Linse (2011). Alvania cf. scabra sensu Tabanelli et al. (2011) differs from A. scabra (Philippi, 1844) by the protruding spiral cord III, that gives a keeled appearance to the whorls (particularly the last one), never so marked in A. scabra (but similar to what is obsereved in A. lucinae and A. leopardiana Brunetti & Vecchi, 2012), and for the presence of denticles on the inner side of the outer lip, never observed in A. scabra (despite their erroneous record in the original description by Philippi). Ponder (1985) used the name Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) for specimens from Madeira, probably corresponding to Alvania canariensis (d���Orbigny, 1840) (see also van Aartsen & van der Linden 1986; Moolenbeek & Hoenselaar 1989). Bitlis Bakir & ��zt��rk (2016: 446, 448, pl. 2, fig. 20) figured as A. scabra a subadult specimen of A. clarae Nofroni & Pizzini, 1991, recognizable by its cylindrical outline, the lack of the first subsutural cord producing more stepped whorls, the opisthocline axials (vs orthocline or sligthly prosocline in A. scabra), the tubercles at the intersections more spinose and directed toward the apex, the 3 spiral c, Published as part of Amati, Bruno, Appolloni, Massimo, Giulio, Andrea Di, Scuderi, Danilo, Smriglio, Carlo & Oliverio, Marco, 2020, Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species, pp. 415-458 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on pages 417-425, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3772979, {"references":["Philippi, R. A. (1844) Fauna molluscorum viventium et in tellure tertiaria fossilium regni utriusque Siciliae. Halis Saxonum, II, 1 - 298, pls. XIII-XXVIII.","Pallary, P. (1900) Coquilles marines du littoral du department d'Oran. Journal de Conchyliologie, 48 (1), 211 - 422, pls. VI- VIII.","Pallary, P. (1920) Exploration scientifique du Maroc. Organisee par la Societe de Geographie de Paris et continuee par la Societe des sciences naturelles du Maroc. XII fascicule Malacologie (1912), Rabat-Paris. Archives scientifiques du Protectorat Francais. Institut scientifique cherifien, Rabat, 168 pp.","van Aartsen, J. J. (1982) Tavole sinottiche di conchiologia Mediterranea ed Europea Genere Alvania (Sottogeneri: Arsenia e Alvaniella). La Conchiglia, 14 (164 - 165), 4 - 6.","Giannuzzi Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. & Ebreo, C. (2002) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 2. Edizioni Evolver, Roma, 258 pp. [prima ristampa riveduta e corretta]","Perna, E. (2013) La Collezione Perna Atlanto-Mediterranea, Gastropoda. I Quaderni di Malachia 7 Supplemento al Notiziario n. 1. Associazione Naturalistica Malachia (A. N. M.), 269 pp. Available from: https: // malachia. com / periodics / 2012 / specialeditions / pdf / 1 G-QM 07 - Perna-E- 2013 - La-collezione-Atlanto-mediterranea-Vol 1 - Gastropoda. pdf (accessed 9 April 2020)","Bogi, C., Coppini, M. & Margelli, A. (1983) Contributo alla conoscenza della malacofauna dell'Alto Tirreno. Il genere Alvania Risso. La Conchiglia, 15 (172 - 173), 6 - 7.","van Aartsen, J. J., Menkhorst, H. P. M. G. & Gittenberger, E. (1984) The Marine Mollusca of Algeciras, Spain, with notes on Mitrella, Marginellidae and Turridae. Basteria, No. 2 (Supplement), 1 - 135.","Oliver, J. D. & Templado, J. (2009) Dos nuevas especies del genero Alvania (Caenogastropoda Rissoidae) de las islas Baleares. Iberus, 27, 57 - 66.","Gofas, S., Moreno, D. & Salas, C. (2011) Moluscos marinos de Andalucia. Vol. 1. Universidad de Malaga servicio de Publicaciones e intercambio Cientifico, Malaga, 342 pp.","Scaperrotta, M., Bartolini, S. & Bogi, C. 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(1986) Alvania gothica, a new species from the Mediterranean. La Conchiglia, 18 (202 - 203), 14 - 15.","Moolenbeek, R. G. & Hoenselaar, H. J. (1989) The genus Alvania on the Canary Islands and Madeira (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Part 1. Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, 11 (27), 215 - 228.","Nofroni, I. & Pizzini, M. (1991) New data of the group Alvania rudis (Philippi, 1844) and description of Alvania clarae, nova species (Prosobranchia: Rissoidae). La Conchiglia, 260, 48 - 51.","Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. & Piani, P. (1990) Revisione nomenclaturale dei taxa specifici monterosatiani. Lavori S. I. M., 23, 141 - 199.","ICZN [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp.","Amati, B. & Oliverio, M. (1985) Alvania (Alvaniella) hallgassi sp. n. (Gastropoda; Prosobranchia). Notiziario del CISMa, 6 (1 - 2), 7, 28 - 34. [1984]","Amati, B. & Smriglio, C. (2016) Taxonomic notes on the Alvania dictyophora - complex with the description of Alvania desabatae spec. nov. (Gastropoda, Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Iberus, 34 (2), 163 - 180.","Amati, B., Nofroni, I. & Oliverio, M. (1987) A revision of the Alvania rudis (Philippi, 1844) group (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). La Conchiglia, 19 (216 - 217), 26 - 27."]}

Alvania pizzinii Amati, Smriglio & Oliverio n. sp. ( Figs 12 A���G; 13; 17D, F; Table VIII) Other references. Alvania scabra; Bogi et al., 1983: 6, fig. 10. Alvania sororcula; Giannuzzi Savelli et al., 2002: 113, figs 470, 471; Scaperrotta et al., 2012: 54, 5 unnumbered figs; Perna, 2013: 65, 2 unnumbered figs; Scaperrotta et al., 2019: 143, pl. IV, fig. M. Type material. Holotype MNHN IM-2000-33933, H 2.3 mm, W 1.25 mm (Figs 12 A���B; 17D���F); 4 paratypes (BA), type locality: Levanzo Is., Sicily, 31 m depth, Central Tyrrhenian Sea. Other material examined. Corsica: Century Port, 30���40 m depth, ix.1989, 2 sh (CS-PM). Sicily: Ustica Is., 35 m depth, 5 sh (BA); Marettimo Is., 31 sh (BA); Marettimo Is., Cattedrale Cave, 37��56���45���N 12��4���42���E, 28 m depth, 236 sh (BA, MO); Skerki Bank, 30 m depth, 2005, 2 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Secchitella, 20 m depth, 3 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., loc. Faro, 35 m depth, 6 sh (DS); Lampedusa Is., 20 sh juv. (BA); Lampedusa Is., 30 m depth, Posidonia intermatte, 1991, 2 sh (MO); Lampedusa Is., Punta Madonna, 20 m depth, 1 lv, 11.viii.1990 (RC). Italy: Capraia Is., 110 m depth, 8 sh (MO); Capraia Is., 75���80 m depth, 1 sh (BA); Capraia Is., 200���280 m depth, 4 sh (BA); off Fiumicino, 110 m depth, 2 sh (CS-PM); off Fiumicino, 100 m depth (in Roman amphora), 3 sh (MO). Distribution. Known from the Central-Western Mediterranean (Scaperrotta et al. 2012 as Alvania sororcula) (Fig. 13), where empty shells only have been collected at 20���280 m depth. The shells from deeper bottoms (Capraia Is., Italy, 110���280 m depth and off Fiumicino, Italy, 100���110 m depth) have quite probably been drifted from shallower bottoms. Found sympatric with A. scabra, A. lucinae, A. scuderii and A. sororcula. Diagnosis. Small shell with stepped outline, slightly turriculate. Whorls with wide subsutural ramp. Spiral microsculpture absent. Spiral cord V absent. Description (data on the holotype in parentheses). Shell (Figs 12 A���G; 17D���F) small for the genus, height 1.87���2.40 mm (2.30) mm, width 1.10���1.37 (1.25) mm, H/W ratio 1.65���1.84 (1.84), ovate-conical. Protoconch (Fig. 17E) paucispiral, with moderately twisted nucleus, of 1.3-1.5 (1.4) convex whorls, height 0.27���0.32 (0.32) mm, nucleus diameter 0.10���0.12 (0.11) mm, first half whorl diameter Do 0.20���0.24 (0.22) mm, maximum diameter DM 0.30���0.37 (0.35) mm. Sculpture of a dozen spiral rows of close-set, rounded microtubercles (Fig. 17E). Teleoconch of 3���4.1 (3.6) convex, angled whorls, suture impressed. Axial sculpture on the last whorl of 12���18 (18) slightly prosocline ribs plus the labial varix, narrower than the interspaces and sharply interrupted at the base. Spiral sculpture same strength as axial, of equidistant cords, 7���8 (8) on the last whorl, with 3 (3), exceptionally 4, above the aperture and 4���5 (5) on the base. Cords II and IV starting after protoconch/ teleoconch boundary; cord I absent; cord III appearing at 1.4���2 (1.45) whorls (Table VIII); wide subsutural ramp. Small rounded tubercles at the intersections; interspaces quadrangular. Microsculpture of only growth lines (Fig. 17F). Narrow umbilical chink. Subsutural ramp devoid of sculpture. Aperture pyriform, large, height 0.80���0.92 (0.90) mm, H/Ha ratio 2.34���2.70 (2.55), peristome continuous, smooth internally, thickened externally by a modest varix with sharp edge. Colouration translucent yellowish with large subsutural brownish quadrangular blotches. Operculum and soft parts unknown. Etymology. This species is named after Mauro Pizzini, our dear friend recently passed away who greatly contributed to micromollusc taxonomy. Remarks. The examined materials showed negligible morphological variation. Maximum height in the examined material 2.40 mm; Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (2002: 113, figs 470, 471) reported (as A. sororcula) two conspecific shells from Bocche di Bonifacio, the largest stated as 3.4 mm high (which we suspect might be an error). In the specimens with the lowest H/W ratio the sculpture is usually more robust. The columellar wall sometimes covers the last spiral cord (VII). All examined specimens of A. pizzinii n. sp. (320 shells, including 212 adults) lacked cord I, with the exception of four specimens (4 adults out of 144 adult shells in the same sample) from Marettimo Is., with cord I appearing at 2.2���2.5 whorls. Some shells are monochrome yellowish-orange or brownish. A. pizzinii n. sp. differs from A. scabra by its stepped outline, the lack of spiral cord I (always present in A. scabra); the lack of spiral microsculpture on the teleoconch (always markedly present in A. scabra), the spiral cord V never present vs rarely present above the aperture in A. scabra. A. pizzinii n. sp. differs from A. sculptilis in having the cords II and IV starting after the protoconch/ teleoconch boundary; cord I not starting; cord III appearing at 1.4���2 whorls vs cords II, IV and V starting after the protoconch/ teleoconch boundary; cord III appearing at 2.2 whorls; cord I appearing after 1.2���2.5 whorl in A. sculptilis (or cords II and IV starting after protoconch/ teleoconch boundary; cord III appearing after 0.25���2 whorls; cord I starting after 1.2���2.5 whorl; cord V not starting). A. pizzinii n. sp. differs from A. lucinae in the protoconch sculpture of a dozen parallel rows of closely set, broadly rounded but not homogeneous microtubercles, vs ca. 10 parallel rows of broadly rounded but not homogeneous microtubercles, with spiral threadlets in the interspaces; teleoconch spiral cord I always absent vs always present in adults of A. lucinae; tubercles at the intersections small and rounded vs large and spinose, particularly on cord III in A. lucinae; spiral microsculpture absent on teleoconch vs present in A. lucinae. A. pizzinii n. sp. differs from A. sororcula by being more robust; the fewer axials on the last whorl (12���18 vs 25���29 in A. sororcula); teleoconch cord III appearing at 1.4���2 whorls vs 0.7���1 whorls in A. sororcula; cord I always absent vs always present in A. sororcula; spiral microsculpture absent on teleoconch vs present, weak on spiral cords in A. sororcula. A. pizzinii n. sp. differs from A. josefoi by its more slender outline; the teleoconch spiral cord I always absent vs always present in A. josefoi; fewer axials on the last whorl (12���18 vs 19���32 in A. josefoi); spiral microsculpture absent on teleoconch vs very fine spiral threadlets between the spiral cords in A. josefoi. A. pizzinii n. sp. differs from A. scuderii by its larger size (1.87���2.4 mm, mean 2.16 mm vs 1.55���2.1 mm, mean 1.81 mm in A. scuderii; colouration (translucent yellowish with large subsutural brownish quadrangular blotches, or monochrome orange-yellowish or brownish vs brownish background with dark brown spiral cords in A. scuderii); cord I always absent vs always present in A. scuderii. Three species of the Alvania scabra -complex are currently accepted from the eastern Atlantic, and are briefly discussed below for comparison: Alvania canariensis (d���Orbigny, 1840), Alvania angioyi van Aartsen, 1982, and Alvania grancanariensis Segers, 1999. Future studies may reveal more undescribed species, as happened with some other genera of rissoids (e.g. Alvania, Manzonia: Amati, 1987, 1992; Moolenbeek & Faber, 1987; Rol��n, 1987a, 1987b; Gofas, 1990, 2007, 2010; Rol��n, & Fernandes, 1990; Bouchet & War��n, 1993; Hoenselaar & Goud, 1998; Cordeiro & ��vila, 2015). This is suggested by the single shell of Alvania sp. discussed below., Published as part of Amati, Bruno, Appolloni, Massimo, Giulio, Andrea Di, Scuderi, Danilo, Smriglio, Carlo & Oliverio, Marco, 2020, Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species, pp. 415-458 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on pages 442-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3772979, {"references":["Bogi, C., Coppini, M. & Margelli, A. (1983) Contributo alla conoscenza della malacofauna dell'Alto Tirreno. Il genere Alvania Risso. La Conchiglia, 15 (172 - 173), 6 - 7.","Giannuzzi Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. & Ebreo, C. (2002) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 2. Edizioni Evolver, Roma, 258 pp. [prima ristampa riveduta e corretta]","Scaperrotta, M., Bartolini, S. & Bogi, C. (2012) Accrescimenti: stadi di accrescimento dei molluschi marini del Mediterraneo. Vol. 4. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 184 pp.","Perna, E. (2013) La Collezione Perna Atlanto-Mediterranea, Gastropoda. I Quaderni di Malachia 7 Supplemento al Notiziario n. 1. Associazione Naturalistica Malachia (A. N. M.), 269 pp. Available from: https: // malachia. com / periodics / 2012 / specialeditions / pdf / 1 G-QM 07 - Perna-E- 2013 - La-collezione-Atlanto-mediterranea-Vol 1 - Gastropoda. pdf (accessed 9 April 2020)","Scaperrotta, M., Bartolini, S. & Bogi, C. (2019) Accrescimenti: stadi di accrescimento dei molluschi marini del Mediterraneo. Vol. 10. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 212 pp.","D'Orbigny, A. (1840) Mollusques, Echinodermes, Foraminiferes et Polypiers, recueillis aux Iles Canaries par MM. Webb et Berthelot. In: Webb, P. B. & Berthelot, S. (Eds.), Zoologie. Bethune, Paris, pp. 1 - 152, 14 pls.","van Aartsen, J. J. (1982) Tavole sinottiche di conchiologia Mediterranea ed Europea Genere Alvania (Sottogeneri: Arsenia e Alvaniella). La Conchiglia, 14 (164 - 165), 4 - 6.","Segers, W. (1999) Alvania grancanariensis new species from the Canary Islands (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Gloria Maris, 37 (5 - 6), 82 - 87, pl. 8.","Moolenbeek, R. G. & Faber, M. J. (1987) The Macaronesian species of the genus Manzonia (Gastropoda: Rissoidae). 1 - 3, 10. De Kreukel, 23, 1 - 16, 23 - 31, 166 - 179.","Gofas, S. (1990) The littoral Rissoidae and Anabathridae of Sao Miguel, Azores. In: Martins, A. M. de F. (Ed.), The marine fauna and flora of the Azores. Proceedings of the First International Workshop of Malacology Sao Miguel, Azores, Acoreana, Suplemento 2, pp. 97 - 134.","Gofas, S. (2007) Rissoidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from northeast Atlantic seamounts. Journal of Natural History, 41 (13 - 16), 779 - 885. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701298085","Gofas, S. (2010) A new Manzonia (Gastropoda: Rissoidae) from northwestern Morocco. Iberus, 28 (1), 91 - 96.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic Bathyal and Abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bollettino Malacologico, Supplemento 3, 579 - 849. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Hoenselaar, H. J. & Goud, J. (1998) The Rissoidae of the CANCAP expeditions, I: the genus Alvania Risso, 1826 (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Basteria, 62, 69 - 115.","Cordeiro, R. & Avila, S. P. (2015) New species of Rissoidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from the Archipelago of the Azores (northeast Atlantic) with an updated regional checklist for the family. ZooKeys, 480, 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 480.8599"]}

Alvania grancanariensis Segers, 1999 (Figs 19 L���P; 17G���I) Alvania grancanariensis Segers, 1999: 82, figs 1���3 Other references. Alvania grancanariensis; Rol��n et al., 2011: 130, figs 39E���G. Type Material. Holotype KBIN.28739, type 484; paratypes: 53 sh (Segers coll.), 7 sh (Swinnen coll.), 15 sh (Zorn coll.), 4 sh (ZMA), type locality: Maspalomas, Gran Canaria Is., Canary Islands. Material examined. Canary Islands: Gando (Gran Canaria Is.), 48 m depth, 5 sh (JT, JDO); Los Gigantes (Tenerife Is.), 10���35 m depth, xii.1994, 8 sh (CS-PM). Distribution. Canary Islands: Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Remarks. This species was originally described as having a robust shell, bright orange-yellow protoconch and first teleoconch whorls, translucent pale whitish-yellowish last teleoconch whorls. However, specimens with monochrome whitish shells or with pale subsutural brownish blotches, and with the protoconch nucleus brown, are not rare. Furthermore, the material examined and the figures in Rol��n et al. (2011: figs 39F, G) always show a spiral sculpture of four cords above the aperture (rarely 3), starting with two cords (not three as originally described). It is worth mentioning that the holotype of A. grancanariensis has two initial cords, whereas the specimen figured by Segers (1999: 82, fig. 2) with three cords was not part of the type material, and may belong to a different species. A. grancanariensis differ from A. canariensis in its lighter colour, with the first whorls of more or less intense orange; the dark spot on the protoconch nucleus, not marked; the more delicate sculpture on the teleoconch. It was sympatric with easily separable shells of A. canariensis. Concluding remarks We have revised the species of the Alvania scabra- complex with a focus on the Mediterranean Sea. Based on the scanty fossil record, the origin of this group seems younger than other lineages of Alvania (e.g. Alvania areolifera (Sandberger, 1863) (Garilli & Parrinello 2014) appearing in the Oligocene). We consider the following species to be valid: Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844), Alvania sculptilis (Monterosato, 1877), Alvania sororcula Granata-Grillo, 1877, Alvania lucinae Oberling, 1970, Alvania josefoi Oliver & Templado, 2009, Alvania scuderii Villari, 2017 and Alvania pizzinii n. sp. All species have paucispiral protoconchs indicating non-planktotrophic larval development. Only A. scabra has a wide range, spanning almost the entire Mediterranean (with some local gaps to be checked). All other species have seemingly restricted ranges, and all are sympatric with A. scabra (Figs 3, 8, 10, 13)., Published as part of Amati, Bruno, Appolloni, Massimo, Giulio, Andrea Di, Scuderi, Danilo, Smriglio, Carlo & Oliverio, Marco, 2020, Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species, pp. 415-458 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on page 453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3772979, {"references":["Segers, W. (1999) Alvania grancanariensis new species from the Canary Islands (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Gloria Maris, 37 (5 - 6), 82 - 87, pl. 8.","Rolan, E., Hernandez, J. M., Swinnen, F., Gomez, R. & Perez, J. M. (2011) Moluscos y Conchas Marinas de Canarias. Conch- Books, Hackenheim, 716 pp., 130 pls.","Philippi, R. A. (1844) Fauna molluscorum viventium et in tellure tertiaria fossilium regni utriusque Siciliae. Halis Saxonum, II, 1 - 298, pls. XIII-XXVIII.","Monterosato, T. A. (1877) Note sur quelques coquilles provenant des cotes d'Algerie. Journal de Conchyliologie, 25 (1), 24 - 49, pls. V-VI.","Oberling, J. J. (1970) Quelques especes nouvelles de Gasteropodes du basin Mediterraneen. Kleine Mitteilungen, naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 1, 1 - 7.","Oliver, J. D. & Templado, J. (2009) Dos nuevas especies del genero Alvania (Caenogastropoda Rissoidae) de las islas Baleares. Iberus, 27, 57 - 66."]}

Alvania lucinae Oberling, 1970 (Figs 7 A���G; 8; 16D���F; Table V) Alvania lucinae Oberling, 1970: 3 Alvania gothica van Aartsen & van der Linden, 1986: 14, figs 1, 2 Other references. Alvania lucinae; Oliverio et al., 1986: 44, fig. 2; Amati et al., 1990: 48, fig. 6; Moolenbeek et al., 1991: 114, figs 6, 17; Giannuzzi Savelli et al., 2002: 109, figs 451���452; Scaperrotta et al., 2012: 50, 5 unnumbered figs; Perna, 2013: 62, 2 unnumbered figs; Scaperrotta et al., 2019: 143, pl. IV, fig. G. Type material. Alvania lucinae Oberling, 1970: the lectotype (MHNB figured by Oliverio et al., 1986: 51 fig. 2 as ��� holotype ���; designated by Moolenbeek et al., 1991) is lost. Two paralectotypes (ZMA Moll. 3.7003), one of which is figured by Moolenbeek et al. (1991: 114, figs 6, 17, St. Tropez, France, H 1.5 mm, W 0.9 mm, and here referred to in the description, see below), type locality: St. Tropez, France. Alvania gothica van Aartsen & van der Linden, 1986: holotype and eight paratypes (RMNH), four paratypes (BMNH, USNM e MNHN), other paratypes (van Aartsen coll., Dieren, The Netherlands), type locality: Pinarello, Corsica. Other material examined. Corsica: Bast��a, 6 sh as Rissoa canariensis (d���Orbigny, 1840) (MCZR-M-30062); Cerbicale Is., Secca del Toro 25 m depth 52 sh (CS-PM); Pisciucani/Paragan, beached, 22 sh (DS). Sardinia: Stretto di Bonifacio, 120 m depth, 1 sh (MO); La Maddalena Is., 25 m depth, 1 sh (CS-PM), 15 m depth, 1 sh (MO); Palau, beached, 1 sh (MO); Golfo Aranci, 1985, beached, Ivonne Panaccione legit, 11 sh + 7 sh broken (BA); Oristano, S���Archittu, 1995, beached, 2 sh (DS); Carloforte, Cala Sapone, viii.2009, 1 m depth, 46 sh (BA). Sicily; fossil of Milazzo (Sahariano, Pliocene), 1 sh as Alvania philippiana Jeffreys var. (MGUF, vertical cabinet 153, Seguenza G. coll.). Italy: Giglio Is., Secca Subbielli, 38 m depth, 16 sh (BA); Giglio Is., 27 m depth, VII.1989, 3 sh (BA); 57 m depth, 24 sh (MO). Distribution. Central western Mediterranean, locally common, amidst algae (Scaperrotta et al. 2012). Italy: Argentarola Is. (Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 2002), Capri Is. (Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 2002), Sardinia (present work) and fossil from Sicily (present work). Greece: Paleokastritsa, Kerkyra, Northeastern Ionian Sea (Romani et al. 2017). France: St. Tropez. Corsica (Oberling 1970; van Aartsen & van der Linden 1986; Scaperrotta et al. 2012; present work) (Fig. 8). Empty shells in 1���30 m depth. Found sympatric with A. scabra and with A. pizzinii sp. n. Description (between parentheses data of one paralectotype). Shell (Figs 7 A���G; 16D���F) small for the genus, height 1.46���1.95 (1.5) mm, width 0.93���1.13 (0.90) mm, H/W ratio 1.570 ���1.756 (1.666), ovate-conic. Protoconch (Fig. 16E) paucispiral with nucleus moderately intorted, of 1.3���1.5 (?) whorls, height 0.275 ���0.287 (?) mm; nucleus diameter (d) 0.100 ���0.112 (?) mm, first half whorl diameter (Do) 0.187 ���0.212 (?) mm, maximum diameter (DM) 0.300 ���0.312 (?) mm, sculpture of ca. 10 parallel rows of rounded to broadly rounded microtubercles, and occasional spiral threads in the interspaces (Fig. 16E). Protoconch-teleoconch boundary well marked. Teleoconch of 2.7���3.5 (?) convex, angled whorls, with suture impressed. Axial sculpture on the last whorl of 13���16 (?) orthocline ribs, plus labial varix, narrower than interspaces and interrupted at the base. Spiral sculpture same strength as axial, of equidistant cords, 8���9 (8) on the last whorl, with 3���4 (4) above the aperture and 4���5 (4), smooth on the base, 3 (3) on the penultimate whorl. Cords II and IV starting immediately after the protoconch-teleoconch boundary; cord I appearing at 1���2 whorls as a keel, gradually yet rapidly turning into a cord, cord III starting after 0.8���1 whorls (Table V), and protruding more than the others. Small, spinose tubercles at the intersections; interspaces quadrangular. Microsculpture of growth lines and spiral threads overall (Fig. 16F). Umbilical chink absent or barely visible. Aperture pyriform, large, height 0.63���0.85 (0.63) mm, H/Ha ratio 2.294 ���2.582 (2.42), peristome continuous, outer varix modest, internally smooth. Colouration translucent whitish-yellowish, with quadrangular subsutural brown blotches; columellar area brownish. Operculum typical for the genus, thin, corneous, paucispiral with eccentric nucleus. Soft parts unknown. Remarks. Species with minimal variability, observed in the range of RH/W: (1.570 ���1.756) and in the spinose appearance of the tubercles; occasional monochrome whitish shells (van Aartsen & van der Linden 1986) (See also Table V and Figs 7 A���G; 16D���F). The type material of Rissoa scabriuscula Requien, 1848 is lost (Pierre Moulet, Museum Requien, Avignon, pers. comm. 23.iv.2018) and the original description [���(27) Testa oblonga, acuta, alba, pellucida, anfractibus convexiusculis eleganter cingulatis, cingulis inferioribus ultimi anfractus simplicibus, superioribus granulato-muricatis, labro simplici. Long. 3. lat. 1 ��.���] is insufficient for a proper identification, making it a nomen dubium. Given the size indicated (3 mm), it may represent a form of A. pagodula (B.D.D., 1884) or A. rudis (Philippi, 1844). Monterosato (1878) referred it to A. weinkauffi Schwartz in Weinkauff, 1868 (that does not live along the Mediterranean French coast, though) and later (1884) to A. philippiana (Jeffreys, 1856) (= A. pagodula). See under A. scabra, A. sculptilis, A. sororcula and A. pizzinii sp. n. for the differences with these species. A. lucinae differs from A. josefoi by the teleoconch microsculpture (weak and sparse in A. lucinae vs fine and dense in A. josefoi); the tubercles at the intersections (large, spinose and protruding, especially the row on cord III, in A. lucinae vs small rounded tubercles in A. josefoi); the number of axials (13���16 in A. lucinae vs 19���32 in A josefoi); the colouration (whitish-yellowish with subsutural blotches, and periphery and median columellar area whitish in A. lucinae (rarely completely whitish) vs monochrome white, with the typical brown subsutural blotch before the varix in A. josefoi). A. lucinae differs from A. scuderii by the tubercles at the intersections (large, spinose and protruding, especially the row on cord III in A. lucinae vs small rounded tubercles in A. josefoi); the appearance of the spiral cords (cord III at 0.8���1 whorls, cord I at 1���2 whorls I A. lucinae vs cord III at 0.5���0.8 whorls, cord I at 1���1.5 whorls in A. josefoi)., Published as part of Amati, Bruno, Appolloni, Massimo, Giulio, Andrea Di, Scuderi, Danilo, Smriglio, Carlo & Oliverio, Marco, 2020, Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species, pp. 415-458 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on pages 434-436, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3772979, {"references":["Oberling, J. J. (1970) Quelques especes nouvelles de Gasteropodes du basin Mediterraneen. Kleine Mitteilungen, naturhistorisches Museum Bern, 1, 1 - 7.","van Aartsen, J. J. & van der Linden, J. (1986) Alvania gothica, a new species from the Mediterranean. La Conchiglia, 18 (202 - 203), 14 - 15.","Oliverio, M., Amati, B. & Nofroni, I. (1986) Proposta di adeguamento sistematico dei Rissoidea (sensu Ponder) del Mar Meditarraneo. Parte I. famiglia Rissoidae Gray, 1847 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). Notiziario del CISMa, 7 - 8, 35 - 52.","Amati, B., Nofroni, I. & Oliverio, M. (1990) Nuove specie e riscoperte nell' Alvania - group dal 1980 ad oggi per il Mediterraneo (Prosobranchia; Truncatelloidea). La Conchiglia, 22 (253 - 255), 47 - 49.","Moolenbeek, R. G., Hoenselaar, H. J. & Oliverio, M. (1991) The rissoid species described by J. - J. Oberling. Bollettino Malacologico, 27 (5 - 9), 107 - 120.","Giannuzzi Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. & Ebreo, C. (2002) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 2. Edizioni Evolver, Roma, 258 pp. [prima ristampa riveduta e corretta]","Scaperrotta, M., Bartolini, S. & Bogi, C. (2012) Accrescimenti: stadi di accrescimento dei molluschi marini del Mediterraneo. Vol. 4. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 184 pp.","Perna, E. (2013) La Collezione Perna Atlanto-Mediterranea, Gastropoda. I Quaderni di Malachia 7 Supplemento al Notiziario n. 1. Associazione Naturalistica Malachia (A. N. M.), 269 pp. Available from: https: // malachia. com / periodics / 2012 / specialeditions / pdf / 1 G-QM 07 - Perna-E- 2013 - La-collezione-Atlanto-mediterranea-Vol 1 - Gastropoda. pdf (accessed 9 April 2020)","Scaperrotta, M., Bartolini, S. & Bogi, C. (2019) Accrescimenti: stadi di accrescimento dei molluschi marini del Mediterraneo. Vol. 10. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 212 pp.","D'Orbigny, A. (1840) Mollusques, Echinodermes, Foraminiferes et Polypiers, recueillis aux Iles Canaries par MM. Webb et Berthelot. In: Webb, P. B. & Berthelot, S. (Eds.), Zoologie. Bethune, Paris, pp. 1 - 152, 14 pls.","Romani, L., Raveggi, A., Scaperrotta, M. & Bartolini, S. (2017) Nota sui micromolluschi marini conchiferi rinvenuti nei dintorni di Paleokastritsa (Corfu [Kerkyra] Grecia, Mar Ionio Nord-Orientale). Alleryana, 35 (1), 24 - 46.","Monterosato, T. A. (1877) Note sur quelques coquilles provenant des cotes d'Algerie. Journal de Conchyliologie, 25 (1), 24 - 49, pls. V-VI.","Requien, E. (1848) Cataloque des coquilles de l'ile de Corse. Chez Fr. Seguin Aine, Imprimeur-Libra, rue Bouquerie, Avignon, 111 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 164292","Philippi, R. A. (1844) Fauna molluscorum viventium et in tellure tertiaria fossilium regni utriusque Siciliae. Halis Saxonum, II, 1 - 298, pls. XIII-XXVIII.","Monterosato, T. A. (1878) Enumerazione e sinonimia delle conchiglie mediterranee. Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche pubblicato per cura della Societa di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche di Palermo, 13, 61 - 115.","Weinkauff, H. C. (1868) Die Conchylien des Mittelmeeres, ihre geographische und geologisches Verbreitung. Vol. 2. T. Fischer, Cassel, VI + 512 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 112431","Jeffreys, J. G. (1856) On the Marine Testacea of the Piedmontese Coasts. London 1855 - 56. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, XVII, 155 - 188, 1 pl."]}

Alvania josefoi Oliver & Templado, 2009 (Figs 9 A���I; 14D���F; 10; 16G���I; Table VI) Alvania josefoi Oliver & Templado, 2009: 64, figs 12���16, 23���24 Other references. Alvania josefoi; Scaperrotta et al., 2019: 143, pl. IV, fig. D. Type material. Holotype and nine paratypes (type locality) (MNCN, 1505/47058), type locality: South of Tagomago Is. (Ibiza, Baleares) (39��01���80������N 01��39���14������E). Material examined. Balearic Islands: Punta de na Gall (Menorca Is.), 10 m depth, 25 sh (JT, JDO); Espardell Is. (Ibiza Is.), 25 m depth, 20 sh (JT, JDO). Distribution. Balearic Islands (Fig. 10). Empty shells in bioclastic sands from 15���40 m depth (Oliver & Templado 2009), sympatric with A. scabra and A. sculptilis. Description (in parentheses data for the holotype). Shell (Figs 9 A���I; 14D���F; 16G���I) small for the genus, height 1.20���1.83 (1.8) mm, width 0.73���1.05 (1.05) mm, H/W ratio 1.537 ���1.743 (1.714), ovate-conic. Protoconch (Fig. 16H) paucispiral with nucleus moderately intorted, of 1.25-1.5 (1.45) whorls, height 0.25���0.312 (0.265) mm; nucleus diameter (d) 0.87���0.112 (0.90) mm, first half whorl diameter (Do) 0.20���0.212 (0.19) mm, maximum diameter (DM) 0.30���0.362 (0.335) mm, sculpture of ca. 10 parallel rows of closely-set rounded to broadly rounded (or triangular) microtubercles, sometimes fused (Fig. 16H). Protoconch/teleoconch boundary well marked. Teleoconch of 2.1���3.1 (3) convex, slightly angled whorls, with suture impressed. Axial sculpture on the last whorl of 18���32 (?) orthocline ribs plus labial varix, narrower than interspaces and interrupted at base. Spiral sculpture same strength as axial, of equidistant cords, 8���10 (9) on last whorl, with 4���5 (4) above aperture and 4���5 (5) on base. Cords II and IV starting immediately after protoconch-teleoconch boundary; cord I appearing at 1���1.5 whorls as a keel, gradually yet rapidly turning into a cord, cord III starting after 0.5���0.8 whorls (Table VI). Small, rounded tubercles at intersections; interspaces quadrangular. Microsculpture of growth lines and spiral threads overall (Figs 16H, I). Umbilical chink absent. Aperture pyriform, large, height 0.53���0.78 (0.78) mm, H/Ha ratio 2.182 ���2.439 (2.31), peristome continuous, outer varix modest, internally smooth. Colouration monochrome white, with subsutural brown blotch on the outer varix, rarely extending toward the base. Operculum and soft parts unknown. TABLE V. Measurements of teleoconch and protoconch of Alvania lucinae in mm, with range, mean and standard deviation. 1, 2, 5���7 = Golfo Aranci; 3, 4 = Giglio Is. Remarks. Rather constant in shape and features: ���Existe una gran uniformidad en todos los ejemplares estudiados, tanto en el tama��o, como en la forma y color.��� (Oliver & Templado 2009: 64). About 20% of the specimens from Espardell Is. (Baleares) have cords II, III and IV starting after the protoconch/teleoconch boundary and cord I appearing at 1���1.5 whorls (Table VI). Few shells (2 out of 44 examined) show the subsutural brownish blotches typical of the A. scabra group, weaker than in the other species (Figs 14 D���F). Others lack even the blotch on the outer varix (19 shells out of 44 shells from Menorca and Ibiza, Baleares). See under A. scabra, A. sculptilis, A. sororcula, A. lucinae and A. pizzinii n. sp. for the differences with these species. TABLE VI. Measurements of teleoconch and protoconch of Alvania josefoi in mm, with range, mean and standard deviation. 1���4, 6���9 = Menorca Is.; 5, 10���12 = Ibiza Is. 4 (shell with weak subsutural brown blotches). Specimens number 10, 11 and 12 have cords II, III and IV A. josefoi differs from A. scuderii by its more numerous axials on the last whorl (19���32 in A. josefoi vs 15���18 in A. scuderii); the colouration (monochrome white, with the typical brown subsutural blotch before the varix in A. josefoi vs brownish background with dark brown spirals in A. scuderii)., Published as part of Amati, Bruno, Appolloni, Massimo, Giulio, Andrea Di, Scuderi, Danilo, Smriglio, Carlo & Oliverio, Marco, 2020, Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species, pp. 415-458 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on pages 436-440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3772979, {"references":["Oliver, J. D. & Templado, J. (2009) Dos nuevas especies del genero Alvania (Caenogastropoda Rissoidae) de las islas Baleares. Iberus, 27, 57 - 66.","Scaperrotta, M., Bartolini, S. & Bogi, C. (2019) Accrescimenti: stadi di accrescimento dei molluschi marini del Mediterraneo. Vol. 10. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 212 pp."]}

Alvania scuderii Villari, 2017 (Figs 11 A���I; 13; 17A���C; 18G, H; Table VII) Alvania scuderii Villari, 2017: 937, 942, figs 1���9, 17���19 Other references. Alvania scuderii; Scaperrotta et al., 2019: 143, pl. IV, fig. I. Type material. Holotype MZB 47004. Paratype 1, same data as the holotype, MFV-ME number: 935/ 05-12-2017. Paratype 2, same data as the holotype (DS). Other paratypes, same data as the holotype, 9 lv and 14 sh, all in AV, DS and PM. Type locality: Messina, Ganzirri, Sicily, rocky bottom, 2���4 m depth. Other material examined. Sicily: Catania, Acitrezza, 10 m depth, 5 sh (DS); Catania, Armisi, 20 m depth, 2 sh (DS); Catania, S. Giovanni Li Cuti, 4���8 m depth, 3 sh, 2 lv (DS); Linosa Is., Punta Calcarella, 36 m depth, 1 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Secchitella, 20 m depth, viii.2017, 5 sh + 2 frg (CS-PM), 1 sh (BA), 35 m depth, 3 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Balata Piatta, 20 m depth, 4 sh (CS-PM); Linosa Is., Faro, vi.1995, 9 sh, 35 m depth (DS). Italy: Scilla, 43���44 m depth, vii.2015, 1 sh (MO). Distribution. Known so far only from eastern Sicily and the Sicily Strait (Fig. 13). Living on Messina rocky bottom amidst algae, in 2���8 m depth (eastern Sicily); empty shells in 20���52 m depth (see also https://www.naturamediterraneo.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=26442���accessed 13 december 2017, as Alvania scabra). Found sympatric with A. scabra A. sororcula and A. pizzinii n. sp. At Messina A. scabra, A. sororcula and A. scuderii are syntopic in summer (DS, unpublished), with A. scabra more abundant, and A. sororcula and A. scuderii showing slightly deeper depth ranges. Description (data for the holotype in parentheses). Shell (Figs 11 A���I; 17A���C) small for the genus, 1.55���2.1 (2.1 mm) mm, width 0.916���1.18 (1.18) mm, ratio H/W 1.69���1.78 (1.78), ovate-conic. Protoconch (Figs 17B, C) paucispiral with nucleus moderately intorted, of 1.2���1.3 (1.3) whorls, height 0.262 ���0.320 (?) mm; nucleus diameter (d) 0.100 ���0.120 (?) mm, first half whorl diameter (Do) 0.157 ���0.205 (?) mm, maximum diameter (DM) 0.295 ���0.312 (?) mm, sculpture of parallel rows of microtubercles of different shapes, sometimes fused (Figs 17B, C). Protoconch-teleoconch boundary well marked. Teleoconch of 2.9���3.4 (3.3) convex whorls, with suture impressed. Axial sculpture on the last whorl of 15���18 (?) slightly prosocline and sinuous ribs, plus the labial varix, narrower than the interspaces and interrupted at the base. Spiral sculpture same strength as axial, of almost equidistant cords, 8 (8) on the last whorl, with 4 (4) above the aperture and 4 (4) slightly thicker on the base. Cords II and IV starting immediately after the protoconch-teleoconch boundary; cord I appearing at 1.2���1.5 whorls (remaining thinner than others), cord III starting after 1.5���1.8 whorls (Table VII). Small, rounded tubercles at the intersections; interspaces quadrangular. Microsculpture of weak growth lines and spiral threads overall (Fig. 17B). Umbilical chink absent. Aperture pyriform, large, rounded ovate anteriorly, height 0.65���0.85 (0.85) mm, H/Ha ratio 2.36���2.61 (2.47), peristome continuous, outer varix modest, internally smooth. Background colouration brownish, with dark brown spiral cords, aperture and columella lighter. Operculum thin, paucispiral, with eccentric nucleus (see alsoVillari 2017). Soft parts (Figs 18G, H): semi-transparent whitish background with grey/dark-grey areas on both sides of body, darker on opercular area, extending at edge of sole of foot. Pale brownish median area on snout. Yellow speckles on snout, merged in short stripes on head behind and in front of eyes, forming lines along cephalic tentacles, on foot and opercular area, on propodium, and a yellow �� figure under the operculum; two whitish granular masses near eyes, scattered white speckles on cephalic tentacles; 4 metapodial tentacles. (See also Villari, 2017). Remarks. Species very homogeneous, almost no variation detected so far. Maximum size: height 2.1 mm, width 1.18 mm. Axials may be very slightly broader than the spirals, ranging 15���18 on the last whorl. See under A. scabra, A. sculptilis, A. sororcula, A. lucinae, A. josefoi and A. pizzinii n. sp. for the differences with these species., Published as part of Amati, Bruno, Appolloni, Massimo, Giulio, Andrea Di, Scuderi, Danilo, Smriglio, Carlo & Oliverio, Marco, 2020, Revision of the Recent Alvania scabra (Philippi, 1844) complex (Mollusca, Gastropoda Rissoidae) from the Mediterranean Sea with the description of a new species, pp. 415-458 in Zootaxa 4767 (3) on page 440, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4767.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3772979, {"references":["Scaperrotta, M., Bartolini, S. & Bogi, C. (2019) Accrescimenti: stadi di accrescimento dei molluschi marini del Mediterraneo. Vol. 10. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 212 pp."]}

Some taxonomically troublesome nominal taxa of the rissoid genus Alvania Risso, 1826 are examined: Alvania disparilis Monterosato, 1890, A. peloritana (Aradas & Benoit, 1874), A. perversa F. Nordsieck, 1972 and A. dorbignyi (Audouin, 1826). The four species are here considered as valid, and for the sake of nomenclatural stability lectotypes of Alvania disparilis, Rissoa peloritana and Alvania perversa are designated. The holotype of Alvania dorbignyi is refigured and redescribed, and all Mediterranean records of this species are reassigned to A. perversa. Alvania schwartziana Brusina, 1866 is reported for the first time in Italian waters. Three new species are herein described: Alvania bartolinorum n. sp., Alvania unica n. sp. and Alvania zaraensis n. sp.

Family RETUSIDAE crebrisculpta, Cylichnina [(Retusa crebrisculpta (Monterosato, 1884)] (Figures 31C, D) 1884h: 143 [XXXI: 799]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–16136 —2 sh from Palermo, material selected for PBE (1976), lacking the original label. Type locality. Described from Palermo and San Vito lo Capo (Sicily) and Napoli (Italy). Remarks. The type material was discussed by Oliverio & Tringali (2001: 129; 128, figs 28–29, 132, fig. 50). The actual identity and validity of the species is still problematic. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Retusa crebrisculpta (Monterosato, 1884).

striatissima, Scalaria [Epitonium striatissimum (Monterosato, 1878)] (Figures 11C, D) 1878a: 151 [XIX: 441]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–23508 —1 sh “Hyalosc. striatissima Monts Palermo ”. Label in the bottom: “ S. striatissima Monts. in Journ. de Conchyl. 1878 p. 151 (Pal. e S. Vito) En. e Sin. p. 38” Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Epitonium striatissimum (Monterosato, 1878)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

radula, Cordieria [Raphitoma radula (Monterosato, 1884)] (Figures 23A, B) 1884h: 132 [XXXI: 788]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–16476/L —1 sh (Lectotype) “ C. Radula Pal!!” designated by Pusateri et al. (2016: 111, figs 16, 17). MCZR –M–16476/P— 9 sh (Paralectotypes) “ C. Radula Pal!!” // 1 sh (Paralectotype) “ C. radula Monts C. di Prov. Nom.Gen. e sp.”. Label on the bottom “ Cordieria radula, Monts. Nomencl. p. 132 Palermo” Type locality. Palermo (Sicily). Described also from Lampedusa Is., coasts of Provence (France). Remarks. Name proposed to replace Pleurotoma purpurea (Montagu, 1803) sensu Philippi, 1844, considered a distinct species. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Raphitoma radula (Monterosato, 1884)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Pusateri, F., Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. & Bartolini, S. (2016) A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae, 3: on the Raphitoma pupoides (Monterosato, 1884) complex, with the description of a new species (Mollusca Gastropoda). Biodiversity Journal, 7 (1), 103 - 115.","Philippi, R. A. (1844) Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Volumen secundum continens addenda et emendanda, nec non comparationem faunae recentis Siciliae cum faunis aliarum terrarum et com fauna periodi tertiariae. Eduard Anton, Halle [Halis Saxorum], iv + 303 pp., pls. XIII - XXVIII."]}

cionella, Eulima [Vitreolina cionella (Monterosato, 1878)] (Figures 18E, F) 1878a: 154 [XIX: 444]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–23901 —2 sh “ E. cionella Monts, Mondello, Marzo ‘76” Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. An elusive eulimid described with few words, as usual. The size pointed out in the description (height: 3 mm) is obviously excessive for this tiny shell, being possibly a miswriting for “ 1.3 mm ”. Gaglini (1992b) offered light photographs of a syntype and of its original label from the Monterosato collection, and assigned the species to the genus Vitreolina Monterosato, 1884. Despite it being quite a characteristic species, it has been recorded only occasionally (e.g. Gaglini, 1992b; Tringali, 1996; Gofas et al. 2011). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Vitreolina cionella (Monterosato, 1878). curva, Eulima [Vitreolina curva (Monterosato, 1874 ex Jeffreys ms.)] (Figures 18G, H) 1874 a: 269 [X: 195]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–23626 —3 sh “ Eulima curva Jeffr. Trapani ” handwriting by Brugnone // “ Eulima curva Jeffr. Monts. in Jour. Conchyl. 1874 varie località” Type locality. Described from Palermo, Trapani, and Milazzo † (Sicily), and Adriatic Sea (Italy). Remarks. Introduced with a concise description, yet effective to outline the characteristic shell shape. A full valid species belonging to the genus Vitreolina Monterosato, 1884. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Vitreolina curva (Monterosato, 1874)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Gaglini, A. (1992 b) Eulima cionella Monterosato, 1878. Bollettino Malacologico, 28 (9 - 12), 203 - 206.","Tringali, L. P. (1996) Ulteriori segnalazioni di Vitreolina cionella (Monterosato, 1878) (Eulima) dalle acque del Mediterraneo (Mollusca; Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). La Conchiglia, 28 (280), 43 - 44.","Gofas, S., Moreno, D. & Salas, C. (Eds.) (2011) Moluscos marinos de Andalucia. Vol. 1. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Cientifico, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, xvi + 342 pp."]}

adriatica, Serrula [Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758] (Figures 37O, P) 1884h: 25[XXXI: 681]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–19349 —5 sh + 6 v “ Donax adriaticus ” // 2 sh “ Donax adriaticus M. Venezia!” label on the botton “ Donax adriaticus Monts n. sp. Venezia e Chioggia 1882”// MCZR–M–19348 —7 sh + 5 v “ Donax ponticus Monts ms. Crimea (Mar Nero) M.sa Paulucci” Type locality. Described from Venezia and Chioggia (Italy), Morea (= Peloponnese, Greece), and Black Sea. Remarks. Subsequently figured (1889a, pl. II, fig. 2). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

catenoides, Cyclostrema [Skenea catenoides (Monterosato, 1877)] (Figures 2M, N) 1877d: 417, 2 figures [XVIII: 353]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–11807 —1 sh “Magnisi”// 6 sh “Magnisi (Sicilia)”// 1 sh “Ognina”// 3 sh “Mondello”// 6 sh “ Cyclostrema catenoides Trapani da Allery ”. Label in the bottom: “ Cyclostrema catenoides Monts Ann. Mus. Civi. Genova 1876—77, p. 11 (fig. nel testo)” Type locality. Described from Palermo, Ognina, Magnisi, Trapani (Sicily), Pantelleria Is., and Civitavecchia, (Italy). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Skenea catenoides (Monterosato, 1877). depressum, Cyclostrema [Dikoleps depressa (Monterosato, 1880)] 1878c: 80 [XIX: 394]—nomen nudum 1880c: 67 [XXVII: 551]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–11782 [label only] “ Cyclostrema depressum Monts n. sp. Pal. 1875, 200— 280 m!”. Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. The material figured by Gaglini (1987b: 6, figs 11, 12) from Palermo has not been found in the original box, where only the label remains. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Dikoleps depressa (Monterosato, 1880)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Gaglini, A. (1987 b) Spigolature ... monterosatiane. Notiziario del C. I. S. Ma., 9, 3 - 15."]}

recondita, Gibberula [Gibberula recondita Monterosato, 1884] (Figures 23G, H) 1884h: 138 [XXXI: 794]—available name Type material. HUJ — Lectotype (32431) and Paralectotype (36232), from Palermo, designated by van Aartsen et al. (1984: 87). MCZR –M–17196/P —1 sh (Paralectotype) “C. di Prov. (Artufel)”// 7 sh (Paralectotypes) “ Malta (Hagenmuller)”// 4 sh (Paralectotypes) “Is. di Lampedusa”// 1 sh (Paralectotype) “Magnisi”. Label on the box bottom: “ M. (Gibberula) recondita n. sp. Varie Località” “Gibb. recondita Monts. 1884 Nomencl. p. 138 Palermo!” MCZR –M–17181/P —17 + 3 sh (Paralectotypes) “ M. recondita M. Palermo ” Type locality. Palermo (Sicily). Described also from Magnisi (Sicily), Malta, Lampedusa Is., coasts of Provence (France), Algiers (Algeria). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Gibberula recondita Monterosato, 1884., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["van Aartsen, J. J., Menkhorst, H. P. M. G. & Gittenberger, E. (1984). The marine Mollusca of the Bay of Algeciras, Spain, with general notes on the Mitrella, Marginellidae and Turridae. Basteria, 2 (Supplement), 135 pp."]}

decipiens, Turritella [Turritella decipiens Monterosato, 1878] (Figures 10C, D) 1878c: 89 [LIV: 403]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–21434 —7 sh “ Turritella decipiens Monts, Eponges de Barberia ”// 17 sh “ Turritella decipiens Monts, Sfax ”// 9 sh “ Turritella decipiens Sfax ”// 4 sh “Turr. decipiens Monts Spugne di Sfax ” // 5 sh “ Turritella decipiens Monts, Spugne di Barberia ”// 5 sh “Turr. decipiens M. Spugne ” Type locality. Described from coasts of Syria (see Remarks) and Algeria. Remarks. Redescribed by Di Geronimo (1974). Another case of confusion with “Coste di Siria ” pro “Coste d’Africa”. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Turritella decipiens Monterosato, 1878., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Di Geronimo, I. (1974) Molluschi bentonici in sedimenti recenti batiali ed abissali dello Jonio. Conchiglie, 10 (7 - 8), 133 - 172."]}

oblongus, Axinus [Mendicula oblonga (Monterosato, 1880)] (Figures 37I, J) 1875b: 14 [XIII: 240]—nomen nudum 1875c: 9 [XIV: 285]—nomen nudum 1877c: 31 [XVII: 329]—nomen nudum 1878c: 69 [XIX: 383]—nomen nudum 1880c: 58 [XXVII: 542]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–14654 —1 disarticulated sh / 15 v // 46 v + 12 sh “P” on the cork; Label on the bottom “ A. oblongus, Monts =? K. transversa, Forb. Pal!”// 7 v “Fic.” Type locality. Described from Ficarazzi † and off Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Mendicula oblonga (Monterosato, 1880)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

erronea, Leufroya [Raphitoma erronea (Monterosato, 1884)] (Figures 22M, N) 1884h: 134 [XXXI: 790]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–16704 —1 sh “Defrancia volutella Valenciennes Sardegna ” (Tiberi’s handwriting.) MCZR –M–17340 —1 sh “ Sardegna ”. Label on the bottom: “ Leufroya erronea, Monts. in Nom. gen. e sp. p. 126 Adr. (Stossich) Palermo (Monts)” Type locality. Described from Corsica (France), Sardinia, Palermo to San Vito lo Capo (Sicily) and Dalmatia (Croatia). Remarks. Name proposed to distinguish Pleurotoma volutella Valenciennes in Kiener, 1883 sensu auctores, considered as a distinct species. The specimen MCZR –M–16704, labeled by Tiberi, was figured as “ holotype ” by Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli (2008: 123, fig. 15), which is not a valid designation of lectotype (ICZN, 1999: art. 74.6). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Raphitoma erronea (Monterosato, 1884)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 60-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Pusateri, F. & Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. (2008) A new Raphitomine neogastropod from the Mediterranean Sea (Conoidea). Iberus, 26 (2), 119 - 126.","ICZN [= International Commission on the Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of the Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. Adopted by the International Union of Biological Science, International Trust for the Zoological Nomenclature, Padova, xxix + 306 pp."]}

densa, Philbertia [Raphitoma densa (Monterosato, 1884)] (Figures 22K, L) 1884h: 133 [XXXI: 789]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–16807 —19 sh “ Philbertia densa Monts. Palermo ”// 1 sh “ Malta (Medlycott)” Type locality. Described from Napoli (P. versicolor var. cinereo maculata Scacchi), Sète (France), Falera (=Palaio Faliro, Greece), Corsica, Malta, Alexandria (Egypt), Livorno and Civitavecchia (Italy), Palermo and Trapani (Sicily). Remarks. Name proposed for Pleurotoma versicolor var. cinereo – maculata Scacchi, 1836 (nomen nudum) raised to the rank of species. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Raphitoma densa (Monterosato, 1884). A syntype of the (sub)lot from Palermo figured by Pusateri et al. (2012: 49, fig. 17)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Pusateri, F., Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. & Oliverio, M. (2012) A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae 1: on the sibling species Raphitoma contigua Monterosato, 1884 and Raphitoma spadiana n. sp. (Gastropoda, Conoidea). Iberus, 30 (1), 41 - 52."]}

lubrica, Acicularia [Melanella lubrica (Monterosato, 1890)] (Figures 18M, N) 1878c: 96—XIX: 410 — as Acicularia intermedia var. solidula —nomen nudum 1884h: 103 [XXXI: 759]—as Acicularia intermedia var. solidula —not available (infrasubspecific) 1890b: 159 [XXXVIIIb: 907]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–30021 —1 sh “ Acicularia lubrica Monts = intermedia auct. typ. England!”. MCZR–M–30052 —9 sh + 2 frg “Palermo” // 1 sh “ Eulima lubrica Monts acic. fondi coral. Palermo” (unknown handwriting) // 3 sh “Eulime rade de Morlaix 20 brasses beaucoup plus rare que Eul. Polita” (A. Bavay’s handwriting?) // 2 sh “ Eulima di Napoli !! vicina alla polita. La stessa foss. a Ficarazzi!!” // 1 sh “ Eulima intermedia Cant. 1 expl Bergen” (unknown handwriting) //2 sh “ Eulima intermedia Cantraine England”. Type locality. “Numerous localities” in Mediterranean and Atlantic. Remarks. Monterosato (1890b: 159) deemed Jeffreys’ (1867: 203; 1869: 214; pl. 77, fig. 4) interpretation of Eulima intermedia Cantraine, 1835, as not corresponding to Cantraine’s actual species [= Melanella polita (Linnaeus, 1758)]. He had previously described this form as Acicularia intermedia var. “ solidula ” (1884h: 103; nomen nudum in 1878c: 96). The name Eulima solidula, however, may fall in homonymy with Eulima solidula A. Adams & Reeve, 1850, and it may therefore be argued that Monterosato (1890b: 159) preferred to introduce by a description a different name, Acicularia lubrica for Eulima intermedia Cantraine sensu Jeffreys. This is a well– known species of the genus Melanella Bowdich, 1822, parasitic on holothurians (Bouchet & Warén, 1986: 352). It is noteworthy that in the type material and additional (non-type) samples in the collection the typical spiral microsculpture, assumed to be diagnostic of M. lubrica as currently conceived (e.g. Bouchet & Warén, 1986: 362, figs 742,743; Gofas et al., 2011: 228), is rather variable in presence/absence and strength. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Melanella lubrica (Monterosato, 1890)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1986) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Aclididae, Eulimidae, Epitoniidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Bollettino Malacologico, Supplement 2, 297 - 576. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140762","Gofas, S., Moreno, D. & Salas, C. (Eds.) (2011) Moluscos marinos de Andalucia. Vol. 1. Servicio de Publicaciones e Intercambio Cientifico, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, xvi + 342 pp."]}

crustacea, Ostreola [Ostrea stentina Payraudeau, 1826] (Figures 36C, D) 1915: 6 (12), pl. IV, figs 6, 7 [LXV: 1256, 1268A, figs 6, 7]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–5492 —1 sh “ Ostreola crustacea Monts Porto di Palermo da figurare” MCZR –M–30041 — 10 v “ Ostreola crustacea Monts, Palermo ” MCZR –M–30042 —6 sh “ Ostreola crustacea var. opercularis Viareggio! da figurare” Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily) and Viareggio (Italy). Remarks. The syntype in box 5492 was figured in the original work (1915: pl. IV, fig. 6), whereas the other figure showed a syntype of the lot from Viareggio sent by Del Prete, which Monterosato distinguished as var. “ opercularis ”. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Ostrea stentina Payraudeau, 1826., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Payraudeau, B. C. (1826) Catalogue descriptif et methodique des Annelides et des Mollusques de l'ile de Corse. Imprimerie J. Tastu, Paris, 218 pp., 8 pls."]}

jolyi, Scalaria [Epitonium jolyi (Monterosato, 1878)] (Figures 10Q, R) 1878b: 316 [XXI: 456]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–23494 —1 sh “ S. jolyi Monts ” (verso) “Alger (Joly)” (recto), “ S. Jolyi, M. Journ. Conchyl. 1878, p. 316—Alger (Joly)...”. Type locality. Described from coasts of Algeria. Remarks. Name available and valid albeit proposed conditionally [ICZN, 1999: art. 11 d (ii)]. Landau et al. (2006) regarded Fossil (E. septemcostatum Conti, 1871) and Recent (E. jolyi Monterosato) materials as conspecific, an issue that should be more deeply investigated. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Epitonium jolyi (Monterosato, 1878). † lacerata Linctoscala [Epitonium spiniferum (G. Seguenza, 1876)] (Figures 10S, T) 1890a: 149 [XXXVIIIa: 903]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–23441 —2 sh “ Sc. lacerata Monts ” “ lacerata Monts Ficarazzi ” Type locality. Described from Ficarazzi † (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. Bouchet & Warén (1986) correctly included it in the synonymy of Epitonium spiniferum (G. Seguenza, 1876), a position that we share. lincta, Linctoscala [Epitonium linctum (de Boury & Monterosato, 1890)] (Figures 10U, V) 1890: 161 - in de Boury (1890). Type material. MNHN—Lectotype (designated by Bouchet & Warén, 1986), Sicily. MCZR–M–23500/P —3 sh (Paralectotypes) “S. frondicula (Monts) non S. Wood fide De Boury, Sc. nov. sp. De Boury. Sc. lincta Monts ms. Pal. e S. Vito (Monts). Anche d’Arcachon—Atl. (De Boury)” Type locality. Sicily: “it probably originates from the Palermo or San Vito localities of Monterosato.” (Bouchet & Warén, 1986: 514). Remarks. Species described with de Boury. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Epitonium linctum (de Boury & Monterosato, 1890)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["ICZN [= International Commission on the Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of the Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. Adopted by the International Union of Biological Science, International Trust for the Zoological Nomenclature, Padova, xxix + 306 pp.","Landau, M., La Perna, R. & Marquet, R. (2006) The Early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, Southern Spain. Part 6: Triphoroidea, Epitonioidea, Eulimoidea. Palaeontos, 10, 1 - 96, 22 pls. [Palaeo Publishing and Library vzw]","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1986) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Aclididae, Eulimidae, Epitoniidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Bollettino Malacologico, Supplement 2, 297 - 576. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140762","Boury, E. de (1890) Revision des Scalidae miocenes et pliocenes de l'Italie. Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana, 14 (9 ½ - 20), 161 - 326, 4 pls."]}

Family DENTALIIDAE † brugnonei, Dentalium [Dentalium brugnonei Monterosato, 1891] (Figures 40E, F) 1891c: 15 [XL: 948]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–12947 —30 + 2 sh labelled “Dent. brugnonei = brevifissum (non Desh.) Brugnone foss. di Ficarazzi” MCZR–M–12945 —5 sh “ Dentalium Brugnonei Monts = brevifissum Brug. non Desh. Ficarazzi” Type locality. Described from Ficarazzi † (Sicily). Remarks. Taxon introduced to replace Dentalium brevifissum Brugnone, 1876, not Deshayes, 1826. The types refer to Brugnone’s name. The name is followed by the mark “F.”, standing for the well–known Lower Pleistocene deposits of Ficarazzi (Palermo). Evidently unaware of Monterosato (1891), Steiner & Kabat (2004) highligthed the same homonymy and proposed the same replacement name for Dentalium brevifissum Brugnone, 1876, not Deshayes, 1826: i.e. Dentalium brugnonei Steiner & Kabat, 2004 [sic!]. Dentalium brugnonei and Dentalium brevifissum are both recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. It is a valid fossil species [new status]. † philippii, Dentalium [Fissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791)] (Figures 40G, H) 1872a: 27 [V: 65]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–12933 —31 + 5 sh “D. delessert. v. flexilis Monts = D. flexila Monts. Monte Pellegrino”, it is to note that the box includes material from different localities, now undistinguishable from the type material from Monte Pellegrino comunicazione. MCZR–M–25166 —8 sh “ Dentalium delessertianum Chenu fossili Pliocene Ficarazzi pr. Palermo” Type locality. Described from Monte Pellegrino † and Ficarazzi † (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. The name was introduced by means of an indication for Dentalium striatum Lamarck, 1818 [not Born, 1778], sensu Philippi (1844: 208). Later on Monterosato (1877c: 40) adopted the name Dentalium delessertianum Chenu, 1843, reporting his own D. philippii as a synonym. Monterosato’s name is a primary homonym of Dentalium philippii Chenu, 1843, already introduced for Dentalium striatum Lamarck, sensu Philippi. Therefore, like Dentalium delessertianum (Pilsbry & Sharp, 1898: 213; Caprotti, 1979: 223; Steiner & Kabat, 2004: 582, 630), Dentalium philippii Monterosato, 1872 is another junior synonym of Fissidentalium rectum (Gmelin, 1791) [new synonymy].

spirintortus, Vermetus [Vermetus granulatus (Gravenhorst, 1831)] (Figures 20A, B) 1892c: 22, pl. I, fig. 9 [XLIV: 1024, 1051, fig. 9]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–21264 —1 sh “ V. spirintortus S. Vito!”// “ V. spirintortus M. Mon. Vermet. P. 22. T. 1 f.9 Algeria? Il più piccolo di S. Vito, Sic.” Type locality. Described from Trapani and San Vito lo Capo (Sicily), and Algeria, Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Vermetus granulatus (Gravenhorst, 1831)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

antiflexa, Vitreolina [Vitreolina antiflexa Monterosato, 1884] (Figures 18A, B) 1884h: 101 [XXXI: 757]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–23601 —3 sh “Vitreonella antiflexa Monts fondo corall. Palermo” MCZR –M–23615 —1 sh “Magnisi”//; MCZR –M–23616 —6 sh “Magnisi!!”// 17 sh “Magnisi!”// 1 sh “Roussillon (Dautz)”; Type locality. Described from Palermo, Magnisi, San Vito lo Capo and Messina (Sicily), Napoli (Italy), Roussillon (France), Algiers (Algeria). Remarks. Monterosato introduced this name with a brief description. He referred that the species matches the var. “ exilis ” Monterosato (nomen nudum) of Eulima distorta Deshayes 1830, and (with a question mark) Eulima distorta Deshayes 1830, sensu G.O. Sars (1878: pl. 11, fig. 23). We think that the introduction is valid due to the description rather than to the reference to Sars (1878). Thus, the type material is composed of the shells directly examined by Monterosato for this article. Pending a revision of the Mediterranean species of this difficult genus, it remains an open question whether this is a distinct species or not. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Vitreolina antiflexa (Monterosato, 1884)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Sars, O. G. (1878) Bitrag til Kundskaben om Norges Arktiske Fauna. 1. Mollusca Regionis Arcticae Norvegiae. Oversigt over de i Norges Arktiske Region Forekommende Bloddyr. Christiania [= Oslo], xiii + 466 pp., 34 + 18 [anatomical] pls., 1 map."]}

contigua, Cerithiopsis [Cerithiopsis barleei Jeffreys, 1867] (Figures 11I, J) 1878a: 156 [XX: 446]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–21158 —9 sh “ Cerithiopsis contigua Monts varie località!”// 5 sh “P” (Palermo) on the cork cap. Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. It is usually considered as a form of Cerithiopsis barleei Jeffreys, 1867 [new synonymy]. diadema, Cerithiopsis (ex Watson ms.) [Cerithiopsis diadema Monterosato, 1874 ex Watson ms.] (Figures 11K, L) 1874a: 273 [X: 199]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–21014 —2 sh “ Cerithiopsis diadema Wat. Madeira (From Watson)” (Brugnone’s handwriting) // 1 sh “modenese! Doderlein”// 1 sh “ C. diadema Wats. ms Madeira d. Watson” “ Cerithiopsis diadema (6) (Wat. ms) Madeira” (Watson’s handwriting) // 2 sh “ diadema Trap. ” Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily), Madeira and unprecised locality near Modena †. Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Cerithiopsis diadema Monterosato, 1874., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Jeffreys, J. G. (1862 - 1869) British Conchology. Vol. 1 - 5. van Voorst, London, CXIV + 341 pp. (1862); 479 pp. (1864), 394 pp. (1865), 487 pp. (1867), 259 pp. (1869)."]}

coronata, Mathilda [Mathilda coronata Monterosato, 1875] (Figures 25C, D) 1875c: 12 [XIV: 288]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–21451 —2 sh “Mathilda—1875— coronata Monts vd. Poche note p. 12 Sciacca!” Type locality. Described from off Sciacca (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Mathilda coronata Monterosato, 1875., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

globulinus, Setia [Setia globulinus Monterosato, 1884] taxon inquirendum (Figures 14G, H) 1884e: 278 [XXXf: 631]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–22364 —1 sh “ S. globulinus Monts Nat. Sic. 1884 ” “Porto Vecchio Corsica (Del Prete)” Type locality. Described from Porto Vecchio (Corsica). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. Verduin (1988: 32) considered it as a nomen dubium; Gaglini (1990) indicated the single specimen in MCZR as the holotype. It resembles a form of Setia fusca (Philippi, 1841) but a revision of the Mediterranean species of Setia is needed before assessing its identity., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Verduin, A. (1988) On the taxonomy of some Rissoacean species from Europe, Madeira and the Canary Islands. Basteria, 52 (1 - 3), 9 - 35."]}

Family ARGONAUTIDAE cygnus, Argonauta [Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758] (Figures 40A, B) 1889c: 120 [XXXVI: 880]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–30046— 1 sh “A. Cygnus Monts Jour. Conchyl. 1889 p. 119, 120”// 1 sh “Argonauta cygnus Monts Palermo! n. sp.” MCZR –M–30047— 2 sh “1 più grande: A. cygnus Monts Palermo! Coll. Brugn.” MCZR –M–30048— 1 sh “Arg. Cygnus var. monterosatoi Coen Palermo ” Type locality. Described from the Mediterranean Sea Remarks. A form figured subsequently (Monterosato, 1914b: pl. XI, fig. 2), usually regarded to fall within the morphological range of Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758, (e.g. Biagi, 1978: 130), and therefore listed among its synonyms (see, e. g., Sabelli et al., 1990 –1992: 347; CLEMAM: Gofas & le Renard, 2017; MolluscaBase, 2018). ferussaci, Argonauta (ex Valenciennes ms.) [Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758] 1914b: 388; pl. XIII, unnumb. fig. [LXIV: 1243; 1248, unnumb. fig.]—available name Type material. MNHN 5–11–1166 — Holotype (Lu et al., 1995), Sicily. Type locality. Sicily. Remarks. Monterosato (1914b: 388) wrote he had examined the shell bearing Valenciennes’ manuscript name, stored “in Museo Parisiense”. Usually regarded as a form of Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758. monterosatoi, Argonauta (ex Coen ms.) [Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758] (Figures 40C, D) 1914b: 388, pl. XII, figs 1, 2 [LXIV: 1242, pl. XII, figs 1, 2]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–30049 —2 sh “ A. intermedia Monts = monterosati Coen Milazzo ” Type locality. Described from the Mediterranean Sea. Remarks. This is the first valid introduction of the name, older than Coen (1915: 272; pl. 5, fig. 1), who refers to Monterosato (1914b). Usually regarded as a form of Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758, (e.g., CLEMAM: Gofas & Le Renard, 2017). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758. sebae, Argonauta (ex Valenciennes ms.) [Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758] 1914b: 387, pl. XI, fig. 1 [LXIV: 1241, pl. XI, fig. 1]—available name Type material. Not found in MNHN (Lu et al., 1995). Type locality. Described from Adriatic Sea. Remarks. Like the type of A. ferussaci, also the holotype of A. sebae should be in the MNHN, according to Monterosato (1914b: 387). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Argonauta argo Linnaeus, 1758., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 86-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Biagi, V. (1978) Sul rinvenimento e la cattura di un esemplare vivente di Argonauta argo L. femmina nel golfo di Baratti (Piombino) e osservazioni sull'animale vivente in acquario. Conchiglie, 14 (7 - 8), 119 - 134.","Sabelli, B., Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. & Bedulli, D. (1990 - 1992) Catalogo Annotato dei Molluschi Marini del Mediterraneo- Annotated Check-List of the Mediterranean Marine Mollusks. 3 Vols. Edizioni Libreria Naturalistica Bolognese, Bologna, xiv + 781 pp.","Lu, C. C., Boucher-Rodoni, R. & Tillier, A. (1995) Catalogue of types of Recent Cephalopoda in the Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle (France). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Series 4, 17, 307 - 343.","Coen, G. (1915) Delle forme adriatiche di Argonauta ed in particolare dell' A. monterosatoi n. sp. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 3, 6 (46), 261 - 275, 5 pls."]}

Family NUCULIDAE † apicina, Nucula [Nucula apicina Monterosato, 1891] taxon inquirendum (Figures 34E, F) 1891a: 97 [XXXIX a: 929]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–30040 — 2 v dx “ Nucula apicina Monts S. Flavia ” Type locality. Described from S. Flavia † and Altavilla † (Sicily). Remarks. Monterosato (1891a: 97) explicitly reported a single specimen (a single valve?) from the Quaternary outcrop of Santa Flavia, near Altavilla Milicia (Palermo). At the end of the description he wrote that the species was also known from Altavilla Milicia. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. However, La Perna (2007), after examination of the Monterosato material and additional material from the outcrop of Monti della Farnesina in Rome (Cerulli-Irelli coll., Palaeontological Museum of Sapienza University of Rome), regarded Nucula apicina as a full valid Plio-Pleistocene species, an interpretation that we share., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["La Perna, R. (2007) Revision of the Nuculidae (Bivalvia: Protobranchia) from the Cerulli-Irelli collection (Pleistocene, Mediterranean). Palaeontographia italica, 91, 109 - 140."]}

candidula, Tricolia [Tricolia tenuis (Michaud, 1829)] (Figures 2A, B) 1917: 11, add. figs to pl. I, fig. 33 [LXVII: 1285]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–10745 —4 sh “Trap.” “ Tricoliella candidula Monts ”. Type locality. Described from Trapani (Sicily). Remarks. The species was described in a paper on the molluscs from Tripolitania (Libya), yet Monterosato (1917: 11) wrote that it was not found there, but rather it was not rare at Trapani (Western Sicily), and figured (1917: add. figs to pl. I, fig. 33) a shell from Trapani. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Tricolia tenuis (Michaud, 1829). dubia, Eudora [Tricolia pullus picta (da Costa, 1778)] (Figures 2C, D) 1889c: 31 [XXXV: 863]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–10723 —6 sh “ E. dubia dal Marocco a Casa Blanca”// 6 sh “Casa Blanca (Maroc)”. Label on the bottom “ Eudora dubia Monts Casa Blanca (Maroc)” Type locality. Described from Casablanca (Morocco). Remarks. A synonym of Tricolia pullus picta (da Costa, 1778), according to Gofas (1982: 189). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Tricolia pullus picta (da Costa, 1778)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Gofas, S. (1982) The genus Tricolia in the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 48 (2), 182 - 213."]}

Family TRIPHORIDAE benoitianum, Cerithium [Metaxia metaxa (Delle Chiaje, 1828)] 1869b: 275, pl. XIII, figs 2, 2a [II: 9, 13, figs 2, 2a]—available name Type material. Not found Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Metaxia metaxa (Delle Chiaje, 1828)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

dorsata, Fissurella [Diodora dorsata (Monterosato, 1878)] (Figures 1K–M) 1872a: 28 [V: 66]—nomen nudum 1878a: 148 [XX: 438]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–11943 —1 sh “ F. dorsata Monts typo di M. Pell.”// 31 sh “ F. dorsata Monts M. Pellegrino!” MCZR–M–11966 —3 sh “= dominicana O.-G. Costa Fissurella dorsata Monts Palermo!”// 4 sh “ F. dorsata var. virens Monts Palermo ” MCZR–M–11965 —2 sh “Palermo”. MCZR–M–11938 —1 sh “M. Pellegr! Typ.” Type locality. Described from Monte Pellegrino †, Ficarazzi † and Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. The name is available albeit with a very poor description. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Diodora dorsata (Monterosato, 1878)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

Family ANABATHRIDAE intorta, Rissoa [Nodulus contortus (Jeffreys, 1856)] 1875b: 28 [XIII: 254]—as Rissoa contorta var. intorta— nomen nudum 1877d: 418 [XVIII: 354]—as Rissoa contorta var. intorta— available name Type material. Not found Type locality. Not indicated. Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Nodulus contortus (Jeffreys, 1856)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

candidissima, Scalaria [Epitonium candidissimum (Monterosato, 1877)] (Figures 10I, J) 1877a: 37, pl. II, fig. 5 [XV: 307, 321, fig. 5]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–30007 —2 sh Algiers, figured in Giannuzzi–Savelli et al. (1999: 66, 67 figs 147, 148) and listed by Settepassi et al. (1976: 18, n. 0436) Type locality. Described from Algiers (Algeria). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Epitonium candidissimum (Monterosato, 1877). commutata, Scalaria [Gyroscala commutata (Monterosato, 1877)] taxon inquirendum (Figures 10K, L) 1877d: 420 [XIII: 356]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–23554— 2 sh “ S. commutata, Monts Ann. Museo Civ. Genova 1876 —77 p. 14 = S. pseudoscalaris, auct. (non Brocc.) Palermo e Catania!” MCZR –M–23529 —10 sh “ Sc. commutata albida Alger coll (Joly)” MCZR –M–23556 —7 sh “ Sc. commutata var. albina. M. Oran (Alg)” Type locality. Civitavecchia (Italy) and Mediterranean. Remarks. Name proposed to distinguish Scalaria pseudoscalaris Brocchi, 1814 sensu Auctores, considered as a distinct species by Monterosato based on the lack of spines at the axials. The alleged synonymy with Scalaria lamellosa Lamarck, 1814 (from Western Atlantic) was initially considered as possible by Monterosato’s (1877d: 420) but subsequently (Monterosato, 1878c: 26) rejected. Some Authors have considered the introduction by Monterosato as a replacement name for Scalaria lamellosa Lamarck, 1822 [not Turbo lamellosum Brocchi, 1814 — now Cirsostrema lamellosum (Brocchi, 1814)]. Landau et al. (2006: 18) debated the issue of the name to use for the species, deciding for Epitonium commutatum (Monterosato) [now Gyroscala commutata]. Considering other cases of species from the two sides of the Atlantic almost indistinguishable morphologically (see e.g. Bulla striata Bruguière, 1792 v. B. occidentalis A. Adams, 1850: Malaquias & Reid, 2008) we take a conservative position in regarding the introduction by Monterosato (1877d: 420) as a new species. In case the two entities (Eastern v. Western Atlantic) are considered as conspecific, then the name for both should be Gyroscala commutata (Monterosato, 1877); in case they are proved (for instance by genetics) as distinct, then G. commutata should be restricted to the Eastern Atlantic species. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Gyroscala lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822), we suggest reverting to Gyroscala commutata (Monterosato, 1877) as taxon inquirendum [new status]., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Settepassi, F., Schiro, G. & Zanardi, G. (1976) Elenco dei molluschi conchiferi del Mediterraneo. In: Bronzini E. (Ed.), Prima Mostra della Conchiglia Marina, ed Esposizione del Francobollo a Soggetto Malacologico, Palazzo Braschi, 5 - 31 Ottobre 1976, 11 - 35. Comune di Roma, Litostampa Nomentana, Rome. [Catalogue of the Exhibit; authorship of the Mediterranean checklist reported at pp. 75]","Brocchi, G. B. (1814) Conchiologia fossile subapennina con osservazioni geologiche sugli Apennini e sul suolo adiacente. 2 Vols. Stamperia Reale, Milano, 56 + 80 [Roman numerals] + 712 pp., 16 pls.","Landau, M., La Perna, R. & Marquet, R. (2006) The Early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, Southern Spain. Part 6: Triphoroidea, Epitonioidea, Eulimoidea. Palaeontos, 10, 1 - 96, 22 pls. [Palaeo Publishing and Library vzw]","Malaquias, M. A. E. & Reid, D. G. (2008) Systematic revision of the living species of Bullidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a molecular phylogenetic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 153, 453 - 543. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00369. x"]}

Family ELLOBIIDAE exigua, Leuconia [Auriculinella bidentata (Montagu, 1808)] 1906a: 128 [LIV: 1160]—available name Type material. Not found Type locality. Described from Sfax (Tunisia). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. This form is arguably to refer to Auriculinella bidentata (Montagu, 1808) [new synonymy], a species recorded also from Sfax (Cecalupo et al., 2008: 138; pl. 79, figs 1–5), the Type locality. of Leuconia exigua. We failed to find the type material or other material labeled as “ Leuconia exigua ” in the Monterosato collection., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Cecalupo, A., Buzzurro, G. & Mariani, M. (2008) Contributo alla conoscenza della malacofauna del Golfo di Gabes (Tunisia). Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano, 31, 175 pp., 92 pls."]}

occulta, Marginella [Granulina occulta (Monterosato, 1869)] (Figures 23M, N) 1869c: 17, fig. 10 [III: 31, fig. 10]—available name Type material. MNHN— Lectotype, Palermo (designated by Gofas, 1992) MCZR –M–17212/P —5 sh (Paralectotypes) “ Gibberula occulta Monts Fondo corall. Palermo”// 12 sh (Paralectotypes) “P” (Palermo on the cork cap). Label in the bottom: “M. clandestina = occulta var. obtusa M.” Type locality. Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Granulina occulta (Monterosato, 1869). † ovulina, Gibberulina [Granulina ovulina (Monterosato, 1891)] (Figures 23O, P) 1891: 4 [XL: 948]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–17197/L —1 sh (Lectotype) “ G. ovulina Monts. Ficarazzi! Boll. Sic. Nat. ed Econom. di Palermo 1890 p. 4” (designated by C. Smriglio and R. La Perna, in La Perna, 1999) MCZR –M–17197/P— 147 sh (Paralectotypes) “ G. ovulina Monts. Ficarazzi! Boll. Sic. Nat. ed Econom. di Palermo 1890 p. 4” Type locality. Ficarazzi † (Sicily). Remarks. Not recorded by MolluscaBase (2018), it is a valid fossil species., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Monterosato, T. Di M. [barone di Allery, marchese di] (1869 - 1923) Collected reprints issued in 1982 - 1989. In: Giannuzzi- Savelli, R. (Ed.), Tommaso Di Maria Marchese di Monterosato, Opera Omnia. 4 Vols. Societa Italiana di Malacologia, Palermo, pp. i - xvi + 1 - 1792.","Gofas, S. (1992) Le genre Granulina (Marginellidae) en Mediterranee et dans l'Atlantique oriental. Bollettino Malacologico, 28 (1 - 4), 1 - 26.","La Perna, R. (1999) Pleistocene and Recent Mediterranean species of Granulina (Gastropoda, Marginellidae), with description of four new species. Bollettino Malacologico, 34 (1 - 4), 33 - 42. [1998]"]}

johni, Nassa [Naytia johni (Monterosato, 1889)] (Figures 21G, H) 1889d: 114 [XXXVI: 874]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–8176 —71 sh “ Nassa johni Monts Casablanca ” “ N. johni, Monts Journ. Chonc. 1889 p. 114 Marocco Casa Blanca”. Type locality. Described from Casablanca (Morocco). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Naytia johni (Monterosato, 1889). † praelonga, Nassa [Nassarius lima (Dillwyn, 1817)] (Figures 21I, J) 1891c: 4 [XL: 948]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–17830 —25 sh “ N. praelonga in Boll. Soc. Nat. Pal. 1891 p. 4” “ N. limata var. elongata Monts M. Pell. e Fic. 2a ed. p.16” Type locality. Described from Monte Pellegrino † (Italy). Remarks. Replacement name pro Nassa limata var. elongata Monterosato, 1890, preoccupied by at least Nassa elongata Marrat, 1874 and N. elongata B.D.D., 1882. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Nassarius lima (Dillwyn, 1817)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652

subulina, Turbonilla [Turbonilla subulina Monterosato, 1889] (Figures 28E, F) 1889d: 38 [XXXVI: 870]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–23851 —1 sh “ Mogador ”. Label on the bottom: “ T. subulina, Monts Journ. Conchyl. 1889 p. 38. Tipo anche Tangeri Pallary” Type locality. Described from Mogador (Morocco). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Turbonilla subulina Monterosato, 1889. Pallary (1920: pl. 1 fig. 14) figured under this name a different species, similar to T. acuta (Donovan, 1804) superflua, Odostomia (Eulimella) [Eulimella superflua (Monterosato, 1875)] ‘nomen dubium’ 1875b: 34 [XIII: 260]—available name Type material. Not found—The box contains only the label: ”Eul. superflua Monts Palermo 210 m. Vide Conch. profondità in Boll. Malac. Ital. p. 22”. Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as nomen dubium., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Pallary, P. (1920) Malacologie. In: Exploration Scientifique du Maroc, Organisee par la Societe de Geographie de Paris et Continuee par la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc. Vol. 2. L'Institut Scientifique Cherifien, Rabat & E. Larose Editeur, Paris, 107 pp., 1 pl., 1 map."]}

intermedius, Axinus [Axinulus exintermedius (Gaglini, 1992)] (Figures 37G, H) 1875b: 14 [XIII: 240]—nomen nudum 1877c: 31 [XVII: 329]—nomen nudum 1878c: 69 [XIX: 383]—nomen nudum 1880c: 58 [XXVII: 542]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–19228/L —1 sh (Lectotype) “ Leptaxinus exintermedius ” (Gaglini’s manuscript label), designated by Gaglini (1992a). MCZR–M–19228/P— 100 sh + 32 v, (Paralectotypes) “P” the cork cap. Label on the bottom “ A. intermedius, Monts Palermo!” Type locality. Palermo (Sicily). Described also from Ficarazzi † (Sicily). Remarks. Axinus intermedius Monts. was preoccupied by Axinus intermedius van den Hecke, 1858, and replaced by Leptaxinus exintermedius Gaglini, 1992. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Axinulus exintermedius (Gaglini, 1992)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Gaglini, A. (1992 a) Terze spigolature ... monterosatiane. Argonauta, 7 (1 - 6), 125 - 180. [1991]"]}

sculptilis, Rissoa [Alvania sculptilis (Monterosato, 1877)] (Figures 16C, D) 1877a: 35, pl. III, fig. 6 [(XV: 305, 322, fig. 6]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–22162 —3 sh “ Rissoa sculptilis n. sp? Alger (Joly)”. Type locality. Described from coasts of Algeria. Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Alvania sculptilis (Monterosato, 1877). Villari & Scuderi (2017) commented on potential relationships with Alvania sororcula Granata-Grillo, 1877 without reaching a conclusion. scurra, Apicularia [Rissoa scurra (Monterosato, 1917)] 1917: 12, pl. I, figs 27, 28 [(LXVII: 1286, 1305, pl. I, figs 27, 28]—available name Type material. Not found in MCZR. KBIN –D – Lectotype (ex Monterosato) designated and figured by Verduin (1985: 120), from “ Puntebianche ”. Type locality. Puntebianche (Croatia). Described also from Tripoli (Libya). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Rissoa scurra (Monterosato, 1917). simplicula, Cingula [Crisilla simplicula (Monterosato, 1890 nomen dubium] (Figures 16H, I) 1890a: 147 [XXXVIIIa: 901]—available name Type material. Not found in MCZR. Other material. MCZR –M–30018 —2 sh “Cingula simplicula Monts. Pal !! Conch. Prof. Pal. p. 8” Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. The two shells in the collection do not match the description (the figured shell is a juvenile of the Rissoa lia –complex), raising misplacing as very likely. In the original description, Monterosato compared it to the group of Rissoa aemula (a nomen nudum that, according to material in the collection, was based on Crisilla gagliniae (Amati, 1985) [new combination]). We therefore ascribe Cingula simplicula to the genus Crisilla [new combination] (as defined in Bouchet & Warén, 1993), but keep the species as a nomen dubium, pending the finding of actual types (not recorded by MolluscaBase, 2018). † spinosa, Alcidia [Alvania spinosa (Monterosato, 1890)] (Figures 16J, K) 1890a: 147 [XXXVIIIa: 901]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–30019 —3 sh “ R. angulata Seg. ms. foss. di Milazzo”// 2 sh “ Alcidia spinosa Seg. Palermo 1886 ” Label on the bottom: “ Alcidia spinosa Monts. ms. = angulata (non Eichw) Seguenza Palermo. 1886” Type locality. Described from Milazzo † and Palermo (Sicily). Remarks. Name proposed to replace “ R[issoa]. angulata Seguenza ms.” (nomen nudum in Seguenza 1874: 4) non Eichwald, 1830, included in the new section Alcidia. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Alvania spinosa (Monterosato, 1890)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 46-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Villari, A. & Scuderi, D. (2017) Taxonomical notes on some poorly known mollusca species from the Strait of Messina (Sicily). Biodiversity Journal, 8 (1), 193 - 204.","Verduin, A. (1985) On the taxonomy and variability of Recent European and North African species of the subgenera Apicularia and Goniostoma of the genus Rissoa (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Basteria, 49 (4 - 6), 105 - 132.","Amati, B. (1985) Alvania gagliniae sp. n. (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Notiziario del C. I. S. Ma., 6 (1 - 2), 35 - 41.","Bouchet, P. & Waren, A. (1993) Revision of the Northeast Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Mesogastropoda. Bollettino Malacologico, Supplement 3, 579 - 840. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 140732","Seguenza, G. (1874) Studii stratigrafici sulla formazione pliocenica dell'Italia meridionale (partim). Bollettino del Regio Comitato Geologico d'Italia, 1874 (1 - 2, 3 - 4, 5 - 6, 9 - 10, 11 - 12), 4 - 15, 68 - 85, 146 - 152 ,, 271 - 283, 332 - 347."]}

britannica, Turritella [Turritella communis Risso, 1826] (Figures 10A, B) 1890a: 148 [XXXVIIIa: 902]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–21397 —4 sh “Turr. britannica Monts type d’Angleterre” “Turr. Britannica Monts Nat. Sic. 1890” MCZR–M–21329 —4 sh “Turr. britannica, Monts Britain!“// 1 sh “Turr. britannica, Monts England!!” The figures in Sowerby (1859: pl. XV, fig. 1) and in the British Conchology (Jeffreys, 1867: pl. II, fig. 1), are part of the type material. Type locality. Described from Great Britain. Remarks. Introduced to distinguish the British forms of Turritella communis Risso, 1826 from the Mediterranean one. The introduction consisted in a bibliographic reference to figures in Sowerby (1859: pl. XV, fig. 1) and in the British Conchology (Jeffreys, 1867 [1862–1869]: pl. II, fig. 1), an indication in the sense of ICZN (1999: art. 12.2.1). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Turritella communis Risso, 1826., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Sowerby, G. B. II (1859) Illustrated index of the British shells. Containing figures of all the Recent species, with names and other informations. Simpkin, Marshall and Co., and the Author, London, xv pp., 24 pls.","Jeffreys, J. G. (1862 - 1869) British Conchology. Vol. 1 - 5. van Voorst, London, CXIV + 341 pp. (1862); 479 pp. (1864), 394 pp. (1865), 487 pp. (1867), 259 pp. (1869).","ICZN [= International Commission on the Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of the Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. Adopted by the International Union of Biological Science, International Trust for the Zoological Nomenclature, Padova, xxix + 306 pp."]}

brevicula, Pyrgulina [Parthenina monterosatii (Clessin, 1900)] (Figures 26G, H) 1878c: 93 [XIX: 407]—sub Odostomia —nomen nudum 1884h: 88 [XXXI: 744] sub Pyrgulina —available name Type material. MCZR–M–23833— 3 sh “ Pyrgulina brevicula Monts Viareggio ”. Label on the bottom: “ O. (Pyrgulina) brevicula Monts. Varie località!”. Type locality. Described from Livorno, Viareggio, Napoli and Vado (Italy), Messina and Palermo (Sicily), Toulon (France) and Algiers (Algeria). Remarks. It was replaced by Clessin (1900 [1899–1902]) with Parthenia monterosatii due to a secondary homonymy with Odostomia brevicula Jeffreys, 1883. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Parthenina monterosatii (Clessin, 1900). † bulimulus, Odostomia [Odostomia bulimulus Monterosato, 1874 ex Brugnone ms.] (Figures 26I, J) 1874a: 268 [X: 194]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–23772 —1 sh “Odosto. bulimulus M. Ficarazzi ” [ex Brugnone collection] Type locality. Described from Ficarazzi † (Sicily). Remarks. Nomen novum pro Odostomia bulimoides Brugnone, 1873 non Souverbie, 1865. The shell at MCZR is the type of Brugnone. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Odostomia bulimulus Monterosato, 1874. commutata, Eulimella [Eulimella acicula (Philippi, 1836)] 1884h: 98 [XXXI: 754]—available name Type material. Type material not found in Philippi collection (Coan & Kabat, 2017). Type locality. Described from Palermo † (Philippi; Sicily) and coasts of Provence (France). Remarks. Unnecessary replacement name for Melania acicula Philippi, 1836 (Eulimella) non Auricula acicula Lamarck, 1815 now in Puposyrnola. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Eulimella acicula (Philippi, 1836)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Clessin, S. (1900 [1899 - 1902]) Die Familie der Eulimidae. Systematisches Conchylien - Cabinet, 1 (28), 1 - 273, pls. 1 - 41. [1 - 40, pls. 1 - 11 (1899), 41 - 200, pls 12 - 40 (1900), 201 - 240, no pls. (1901), 241 - 273, pl. 41 (1902) - dating follows Coan et al. (2013)]","Philippi, R. A. (1836) Enumeratio molluscorum Siciliae cum viventium tum in tellure tertiaria fossilium, quae in itinere suo observavit. Vol. 1. Schropp, Berlin [Berolini], xiv + 267 pp., XII pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100735","Coan E. V. & Kabat A. R. (2017) The malacological contributions of Rudolph Amandus Philippi (1808 - 1904). Malacologia, 60 (1 ‾ 2), 31 ‾ 322."]}

ignorata, Auristomia [Auristomia ignorata Monterosato, 1917] (Figures 26U, V) 1917: 17, pl. I, fig. 12 [LXVII: 1291, 1305, fig. 12]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–23735/L –1 sh (Lectotype) “ A. ignorata M. Boll. Soc. Zool. V. III p. 17” designated by Gaglini (1991). MCZR–M–23735/P —18 sh (Paralectotypes) “ A. ignorata M. Boll. Soc. Zool. V. III p. 17” Type locality. Zuara (Libya). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as Auristomia ignorata Monterosato, 1917., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Gaglini, A. (1991) Seconde spigolature ... monterosatiane. Notiziario del C. I. S. Ma., 12 - 13, 1 - 22. [1990 - 1991]"]}

consimilis, Sabanea [Pusillina inconspicua (Alder, 1844)] (Figures 13O, P) 1890a: 146 [XXXVIIIa: 900] — available name Type material. MCZR–M–30010 —19 + 2 sh “ S. consimilis, Monts Conch. prof. Pal. 1889, p. 4” (recto) “ Rissoa consimilis Monts. Mss. 30 m! Palermo!” (verso) Type locality. Described from Palermo (Sicily), and Napoli (Italy). Remarks. Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as taxon inquirendum. The type material belongs to Pusillina inconspicua (Alder, 1844) [new synonymy]. consociella, Alvania [Alvania lanciae (Calcara, 1845)] (Figures 13Q, R) 1884c: 159 [XXXd: 620]—available name Type material. MCZR–M–22159/L —1 sh (Lectotype) “ Alvania (Alvania) consociella Monterosato Corsica”, designated by Amati (1982). MCZR–M–22159/P —7 sh (Paralectotypes) “ Alvania (Alvania) consociella Monterosato Corsica”. Label on the bottom: “ A. consociella Monts ms. Pantelleria, Corsica, Livorno, anche di Villafranca, tipo var. major (Hanley) MCZR–M–30011/P —7 sh (Paralectotypes) “ Alvania sp. del tipo della consociella Villefranche ” Type locality. Corsica. Described also from Pantelleria Is., Ognina (Sicily), Livorno, Castiglioncello and Civitavecchia (Italy), Bandol, Port-Vendres, Roussillon and Villefranche-sur-Mer (France). Remarks. Amati (2012) revised this species and designated the lectotype (MCZR). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Alvania lanciae (Calcara, 1845). dajerleini, Massotia (ex Schwartz von Mohrenstern ms.) [Alvania lactea (Michaud, 1830)] (Figures 14A, B) 1889c: 33 [XXXV: 865]—available name Type material. MCZR –M–30012 —6 sh “ M. dajerleini Schw. ms. (Alvania) Casa Blanca Marocco (Monterosato)! (v. retro) 1886”, verso “cfr. col tipo di Schw. in coll. Brusina (Xxxx [unreadable]) come delle coste Atl. della Francia ” Type locality. Described from Casablanca (Morocco) and Atlantic coasts of France. Remarks. The wrong original ortography “dojerleini” was corrected by Monterosato (1889d:120) (ICZN, 1999: art. 33.2.2). Recorded by MolluscaBase (2018) as a synonym of Alvania lactea (Michaud, 1830)., Published as part of Appolloni, Massimo, Smriglio, Carlo, Amati, Bruno, Lugliè, Lorenzo, Nofroni, Italo, Tringali, Lionello P., Mariottini, Paolo & Oliverio, Marco, 2018, Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma, pp. 1-138 in Zootaxa 4477 (1) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4477.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1454652, {"references":["Amati, B. (2012) Alvania consociella Monterosato, 1884 junior synonym of Alvania lanciae (Calcara, 1845) (Prosobranchia, Rissoidae). Bollettino Malacologico, 48, 116 - 121.","ICZN [= International Commission on the Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International Code of the Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. Adopted by the International Union of Biological Science, International Trust for the Zoological Nomenclature, Padova, xxix + 306 pp."]}