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The interactions of electrons with molecular systems under various conditions are essential to interdisciplinary research fields extending over the fundamental and applied sciences. In particular, investigating electron-induced ionization and dissociation of molecules may shed light on the radiation damage to living cells, the physicochemical processes in interstellar environments, and reaction mechanisms occurring in combustion or plasma. We have, therefore, studied electron-induced ionization and dissociation of the gas phase 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (DHP), a cyclic ether appearing to be a viable moiety for developing efficient clinical pharmacokinetics and revealing the mechanisms of biofuel combustion. The mass spectra in the m/z = 10–90 mass range were measured at several different energies of the ionizing electron beam using mass spectrometry. The mass spectra of DHP at the same energies were simulated using on-the-fly semi-classical molecular dynamics (MD) within the framework of the QCxMS formalism. The MD settings were suitably adjusted until a good agreement with the experimental mass spectra intensities was achieved, thus enabling a reliable assignment of cations and unraveling the plausible fragmentation channels. Based on the measurement of the absolute total ionization cross section of DHP (18.1 ± 0.9) × 10−16 cm2 at 100 eV energy, the absolute total and partial ionization cross sections of DHP were determined in the 5–140 eV electron energy. Moreover, a machine learning algorithm that was trained with measured cross sections from 25 different molecules was used to predict the total ionization cross section for DHP. Comparison of the machine learning simulation with the measured data showed acceptable agreement, similar to that achieved in past predictions of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to develop a new class of sixth- and fourth-order implicit Runge–Kutta methods to treat linear and nonlinear initial value ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in applied science and engineering. In this regard, a completely unconventional approach is taken to derive the new formulations. They are derived through a computational approach without involving in the rigorous theory of order conditions. The new formulation has two distinctive parts, namely integration and interpolation. In the first part, we introduce a form of multi-stage single-step numerical integrator with unknown weights. These weights are determined by four simple interconnectivity rules that relate them to minimize the error of the integrator. Some of these rules are based on our expertise gathered from the available prominent quadratures. However, the most important one, the so-called fundamental weighting rule (FWR), is obtained from evolutionary and statistical computations. The second part of this research focuses on developing efficient tools for evaluating the internal stages of the integrator. Accordingly, a series of strong Hermite interpolators has been extended to approximate the solution values at the internal stages. They effectively collaborate with the integrator in several numerical algorithms, the so-called α I I - (q + r) P algorithms, to solve applied ODEs. Development of the integrator, its weighting rules, and the interpolators constitutes the central contribution of this research. Numerical studies demonstrate that the presented algorithms exhibit a high level of accuracy when approximating high-frequency problems as well as long-term solutions of linear and nonlinear ODEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this review paper, we discuss some of our recent results concerning the rigorous analysis of initial boundary value problems (IBVPs) and newly discovered effects for certain evolution partial differential equations (PDEs). These equations arise in the applied sciences as models of phenomena and processes pertaining, for example, to continuum mechanics, heat‐mass transfer, solid–fluid dynamics, electron physics and radiation, chemical and petroleum engineering, and nanotechnology. The mathematical problems we address include certain well‐known classical variations of the traditional heat (diffusion) equation, including (i) the Sobolev–Barenblatt pseudoparabolic PDE (or modified heat or second‐order fluid equation), (ii) a fourth‐order heat equation and the associated Cahn–Hilliard (or Kuramoto–Sivashinsky) model, and (iii) the Rubinshtein–Aifantis double‐diffusion system. Our work is based on the synergy of (i) the celebrated Fokas unified transform method (UTM) and (ii) a new approach to the rigorous analysis of this method recently introduced by one of the authors. In recent works, we considered forced versions of the aforementioned PDEs posed in a spatiotemporal quarter‐plane with arbitrary, fully non‐homogeneous initial and boundary data, and we derived formally effective solution representations, for the first time in the history of the models, justifying a posteriori their validity. This included the reconstruction of the prescribed initial and boundary conditions, which required careful analysis of the various integral terms appearing in the formulae, proving that they converge in a strictly defined sense. In each IBVP, the novel formula was utilized to rigorously deduce the solution's regularity properties near the boundaries of the spatiotemporal domain. Importantly, this analysis is indispensable for proving (non)uniqueness of solution. These works extend previous investigations. The usefulness of our closed‐form solutions will be demonstrated by studying their long‐time asymptotics. Specifically, we will briefly review some asymptotic results about Barenblatt's equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation abstract Life cycle assessment of concrete made of 100 % recycled aggregate compared to normal concreteThe construction sector accounts for a significant proportion of the consumption of natural resources and is also the source of the largest waste streams. The aim must therefore be to improve the circular economy in the construction sector. In this context, the Institute for Materials and Building Research (IMB) at Munich University of Applied Sciences (HM) has investigated the use of recycled aggregates beyond the technical building regulations up to 100 % including recycled sand for the production of structural concrete. The first applications of concrete with 100 % recycled aggregate (100 % RC concrete) have already been completed and are presented in this issue. Based on the findings from the research and construction projects, life cycle assessments were performed in which 100 % RC concrete (circular system) was compared with normal concrete (linear system) for the application case C30/37 XC4/XF3 (CEM II/C‐M (S‐LL)). The life cycle assessments of the two product systems were prepared in the form of nomograms so that input parameters such as transport services can be adjusted and a graphical evaluation of GWP can be carried out. This makes it easy to elaborate recommendations for the use of 100 % RC concrete with regard to reducing the environmental impact (GWP) in specific applications based on the life cycle assessments carried out. Other cements can also be taken into account after a simple conversion. The analyses show that the circular system has a slightly lower GWP when assuming the same transport distances and the same cement content but a slightly higher superplasticizer content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frustrated magnets with ordered magnetic spiral phases that spontaneously break inversion symmetry have received significant attention from both fundamental and applied sciences communities due to the experimental demonstration that some of these materials can couple to the lattice and induce electric polarization. In these materials, the common origin of the electric and magnetic orders guarantees substantial coupling between them, which is highly desirable for applications. However, their low-magnetic ordering temperatures (typically < 100 K) greatly restrict their fields of application. Recently, investigations on Cu/Fe-based layered perovskites uncovered an unexpected knob to control the stability range of a magnetic spiral-chemical disorder-, which has been successfully employed to stabilize magnetic spiral phases at temperatures as high as 400 K. These unexpected observations, which are hard to conciliate with traditional magnetic frustration mechanisms, were recently rationalized in terms of an original, local frustration model that explicitly accounts for the presence of disorder. In this mini-review, we summarize the main experimental observations on Cu/Fe layered perovskites, which show excellent agreement with the predictions of this novel magnetic frustration mechanism. We also present different strategies aimed at exploiting these experimental and theoretical developments for the design of materials featuring magnetoelectric spirals stable up to temperatures high enough for daily-life applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a multilevel and multidisciplinary field, neuroscience is designed to interact with various branches of natural and applied sciences as well as with humanities and philosophy. The continental tradition in philosophy, particularly over the past 20 years, tended to establish strong connections with biology and neuroscience findings. This cross fertilization can however be impeded by conceptual intricacies, such as those surrounding the concept of plasticity. The use of this concept has broadened as scientists applied it to explore an ever‐growing range of biological phenomena. Here, we examine the consequences of this ambiguity in an interdisciplinary context through the analysis of the concept of "destructive plasticity" in the philosophical writings of Catherine Malabou. The term "destructive plasticity" was coined by Malabou in 2009 to refer to all processes leading to psycho‐cognitive and emotional alterations following traumatic or nontraumatic brain injuries or resulting from neurodevelopmental disorders. By comparing it with the neuroscientific definitions of plasticity, we discuss the epistemological obstacles and possibilities related to the integration of this concept into neuroscience. Improving interdisciplinary exchanges requires an advanced and sophisticated manipulation of neurobiological concepts. These concepts are not only intended to guide research programmes within neuroscience but also to organize and frame the dialogue between different theoretical backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Academic Plans in Sociocultural Context as a framework, this study examined university personnel's perspectives of the Bachelor of Applied Science degrees. Through quantitative techniques, the findings from this study show university faculty and administrators associated with liberal arts education view Bachelor of Applied Science degrees differently than those associated with specialisation majors. It was also found that workforce demand was a strong predictor of university personnel's support in the offering of a Bachelor of Applied Science. In addition, results suggest university personnel background characteristics, such as academic position and the type of courses taught, were associated with their support of the offering of a Bachelor of Applied Science. The findings of this study are informative to academic leaders, faculty, administrations, and policymakers who are interested in the development or revision of Bachelor of Applied science degrees at 4-year institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here attention is focused on the (1+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera (SK) model that is prominent in mathematical physics and engineering to analyze plasmas and coherent systems for communication. Our techniques offer fresh perspectives on the model’s attributes and structure, deepening our comprehension of the underlying dynamics. First, the SK model is reduced to ordinary differential equations by constructing the Lie symmetries and using the associated transformation. Graphs are used to build and display invariant solutions. This strategy has caused the revelation of novel constant solutions that have not been found in the previous works. We offer new understandings of nature and changes observed during the SK derivation by taking advantage of the Lie symmetries powerful tools. Next, the fluctuating layout of proposed framework is examined from several perspectives such as sensitivity and bifurcation analysis. We examined the bifurcation analysis of planar dynamical system by using bifurcation theory. We also include an external periodic perturbation term that breaks regular patterns in the perturbed dynamical system. Graphical structures are provided to display the invariant solutions. The sensitivity of the SK model is determined to be strong after sensitivity analysis under different initial conditions. These results are fascinating, fresh, and conceptually useful for understanding the suggested framework. In mathematics and the applied sciences, forecasting and learning about new technologies are greatly aided by the dynamic aspect of system processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of convective thermal management in the radiative flow of Oldroyd-B fluid over the stretching cylinder is investigated in this paper. In engineering and applied sciences, the viewpoint of fluid flow due to vertically stretched cylinder covers both theoretical and practical significances. Nonlinear ordinary differential equations are first transformed from their corresponding partial differential equations, then rebuilt using sufficient transformations to produce a system of nondimensional equations, using a proper similarity technique, which is then calculated. The MATLAB built-in technique BVP4C, a standard numerical process, is used to solve the regulating flow equations. A comprehensive graphical depiction was used for characteristics like unsteadiness and curvature, Prandtl number, and thermal diffusivity. The relevant flow characteristics of the governing problem are depicted in graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the investigation of the perturbed Chen–Lee–Liu model with conformable fractional derivative by the implementation of the generalized projective Riccati equations technique. The proposed method uses symbolic computations to provide a dynamic and powerful mathematical tool for addressing the governing model and yielding significant results. Numerous analytical solutions of the governing model, including bell-shaped soliton solutions, anti-kink soliton solutions, periodic solitary wave solutions and other solutions, have been constructed effectively utilizing this effective technique. The findings acquired from the governing model utilizing the suggested technique demonstrate that all results are novel and presented for the first time in this study. Solitons are of immense significance in the domain of nonlinear optics due to their inherent ability to preserve their shape and velocity during propagation. The study of the propagation and the dynamical behaviour of the derived results have been explored by representing them graphically through 3D, density, and contour plots with different selections of arbitrary parameter values. The solitons acquired from the proposed model can provide significant advantages in the field of fiber-optic transmission technology. The obtained results demonstrate that the suggested approach is extremely promising, straightforward, and efficient. Furthermore, this approach may be effectively used in numerous emerging nonlinear models found in the fields of applied sciences and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial from the journal Frontiers in Plant Science that emphasizes the importance of conserving genetic resources for crop improvement and biodiversity. It discusses the availability of genomic tools and technologies for studying diversity and supporting conservation efforts. The document includes summaries of various research articles on topics such as genetic diversity in olive germplasm, genomic characterization of wheat crop wild relatives, and genetic diversity of Albizia odoratissima. It also acknowledges the lack of reports from Africa but highlights the active work being done in China. The document concludes by stating that while there is a strong molecular emphasis in the research, the challenges of managing genetic resources remain the same. [Extracted from the article]

This article delves into the dynamic constructions of distinctive traveling wave solutions for wave circulation in shallow water mechanics, specifically addressing the time-fractional couple Drinfel'd–Sokolov–Wilson (DSW) equation. Introducing the previously untapped e x p (- ϕ (ξ)) -expansion method, we successfully generate a diverse set of analytic solutions expressed in hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions, each with permitted parameters. Visualization through three-dimensional (3D) as well two-dimensional (2D) plots, including contour plots, reveals inherent wave phenomena in the DSW equation. These newly obtained wave solutions serve as a catalyst for refining theories in applied science, offering a means to validate mathematical simulations for the proliferation of waves in shallow water as well as other nonlinear scenarios. Obtained wave solutions demonstrate the bright soliton, periodic, multiple soliton, and kink soliton shape. The simplicity and efficacy of the implemented methods are demonstrated, providing a valuable tool for approximating the considered equation. All figures are devoted to demonstrate the complete wave futures of the attained solutions to the studied equation with the collaboration of specific selections of the chosen parameters. Moreover, it may have summarized that the attained wave solutions and their physical phenomena might be useful to comprehend the various kind of wave propagation in mathematical physics and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In applied sciences, besides the importance of obtaining the analytical solutions of differential equations with constant coefficients, the qualitative analysis of the solutions of such equations is also very important. Due to this importance, in this study, a qualitative analysis of the solutions of a delayed and constant coefficient fractal differential equation with more than one fractional derivative was performed. In the equation under consideration, the derivatives are the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. In the proof of the obtained results, Laplace transform formulas of the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative and some inequalities are used. We also provide some examples to check the accuracy of our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex and nonlinear fractal equations are ubiquitous in natural phenomena. This research employs the fractal Euler−Lagrange and semi-inverse methods to derive the nonlinear space–time fractal Fornberg–Whitham equation. This derivation provides an in-depth comprehension of traveling wave propagation. Consequently, the nonlinear space–time fractal Fornberg–Whitham equation is pivotal in elucidating fundamental phenomena across applied sciences. A novel analytical technique, the generalized Kudryashov method, is presented to address the space–time fractal Fornberg–Whitham equation. This method combines the fractional complex approach with the modified Kudryashov method to enhance its effectiveness. We derive an analytical solution for the space–time fractal Fornberg–Whitham equation to elucidate how various parameters influence the propagation of new traveling wave solutions. Furthermore, Figures 1 through 6 analyze the impact of parameters α , β , b 1 , and k on these new traveling wave solutions. Our results show that the solitary wave solutions remain intact for both case 1 and case 2, regardless of the time fractional orders β . At the end, the manuscript discusses the implications of these findings for understanding complex wave phenomena, paving the way for further exploration and applications in wave propagation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the extension of Milne-type inequalities to the realm of Katugampola fractional integrals, aiming to broaden the analytical tools available in fractional calculus. By introducing a novel integral identity, we establish a series of Milne-type inequalities for functions possessing extended s-convex first-order derivatives. Subsequently, we present an illustrative example complete with graphical representations to validate our theoretical findings. The paper concludes with practical applications of these inequalities, demonstrating their potential impact across various fields of mathematical and applied sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

obtained for the study, and all participants provided informed consent.The fourth article examines the relationship between cranial shape and bite force in primates. The study used geometric morphometrics to analyze cranial shape variation and bite force measurements in different primate species. The results showed a significant correlation between cranial shape and bite force, suggesting that cranial morphology is an important factor in determining bite force capabilities. The study provides insights into the functional significance of cranial shape in primates. Ethical approval was not required as the study used existing data.The fifth article investigates the effects of aging on the human mandible. The study analyzed mandible morphology in different age groups using geometric morphometrics. The results showed significant changes in mandible shape with age, particularly in the posterior region. The study suggests that these age-related changes in mandible morphology may have implications for dental treatments and prosthodontics. Ethical approval was obtained for the study, and all participants provided informed consent.Overall, these articles provide valuable insights into various aspects of craniofacial research, including anatomical dimensions, tooth root morphology, ultrasound integration in medical education, cranial shape and bite force, and age-related changes in the mandible. The studies highlight the importance of accurate anatomical knowledge and personalized approaches in various fields, such as education, dental implant design, and clinical practice. [Extracted from the article]

The article emphasizes the importance of incorporating tailored exercise interventions when using incretin mimetics for weight loss. Incretin mimetics have been shown to effectively reduce weight in adults with obesity or overweight, but exercise is crucial to prevent muscle loss, weight regain, and improve self-perception of health. Supervised exercise programs are more effective than general counseling in maintaining weight loss and reducing fat mass. Exercise can counteract negative side effects of medication and has broader health benefits beyond weight loss. A holistic approach that combines medication with supervised exercise programs is recommended for optimal weight loss outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the optimal type, amount, and intensity of exercise for maximum benefits. [Extracted from the article]

Pyrethrins are natural insecticides biosynthesised by Asteraceae plants, such as Tanacetum cinerariifolium and have a long history, dating back to ancient times. Pyrethrins are often used as low-persistence and safe insecticides to control household, horticultural, and agricultural insect pests. Despite its long history of use, pyrethrin biosynthesis remains a mystery, presenting a significant opportunity to improve yields and meet the growing demand for organic agriculture. To achieve this, both genetic modification and non-genetic methods, such as chemical activation and priming, are indispensable. Plants use pyrethrins as a defence against herbivores, but pyrethrin biosynthesis pathways are shared with plant hormones and signal molecules. Hence, the insight that pyrethrins may play broader roles than those traditionally expected is invaluable to advance the basic and applied sciences of pyrethrins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an efficient one‐step hybrid block method (OHBM) to solve third‐order initial value problems (IVPs). The proposed method is derived using interpolation and collocation techniques of the assumed exact solution and its derivatives. The theoretical properties of the OHBM are analyzed. An embedding‐like technique is utilized and executed in an adaptive mode to improve the performance of the proposed method. The OHBM's efficiency and accuracy are tested by solving practical application problems in applied sciences and engineering. The numerical solutions demonstrate that the proposed OHBM is highly efficient and provides very accurate approximations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge and publication culture in the context of universities of applied sciences and universities of teacher education has a focus on applied issues and professional routines. The research findings target an audience at the fringes of the scholarly world. These practice-oriented, professional publications have received little attention in the Open Access landscape so far. The article introduces new solutions and the organisation behind the GOAL project, which aims to promote Green OA in the area of practice-oriented journals in Switzerland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines complexity science in the context of Heliophysics, describing it not as a discipline, but as a paradigm. In the context of Heliophysics, complexity science is the study of a star, interplanetary environment, magnetosphere, upper and terrestrial atmospheres, and planetary surface as interacting subsystems. Complexity science studies entities in a system (e.g., electrons in an atom, planets in a solar system, individuals in a society) and their interactions, and is the nature of what emerges from these interactions. It is a paradigm that employs systems approaches and is inherently multi- and cross-scale. Heliophysics processes span at least 15 orders of magnitude in space and another 15 in time, and its reaches go well beyond our own solar system and Earth's space environment to touch planetary, exoplanetary, and astrophysical domains. It is an uncommon domain within which to explore complexity science. After first outlining the dimensions of complexity science, the review proceeds in three epochal parts: 1) A pivotal year in the Complexity Heliophysics paradigm: 1996; 2) The transitional years that established foundations of the paradigm (1996-2010); and 3) The emergent literature largely beyond 2010. This review article excavates the lived and living history of complexity science in Heliophysics. It identifies five dimensions of complexity science, some enjoying much scholarship in Heliophysics, others that represent relative gaps in the existing research. The history reveals a grand challenge that confronts Heliophysics, as with most physical sciences, to understand the research intersection between fundamental science (e.g., complexity science) and applied science (e.g., artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML)). A risk science framework is suggested as a way of formulating the grand scientific and societal challenges in a way that AI/ML and complexity science converge. The intention is to provide inspiration, help researchers think more coherently about ideas of complexity science in Heliophysics, and guide future research. It will be instructive to Heliophysics researchers, but also to any reader interested in or hoping to advance the frontier of systems and complexity science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unconstrained optimization problems have a long history in computational mathematics and have been identified as being among the crucial problems in the fields of applied sciences, engineering, and management sciences. In this paper, a new variant of the conjugate descent method for solving unconstrained optimization problems is introduced. The proposed algorithm can be seen as a modification of the popular conjugate descent (CD) algorithm of Fletcher. The algorithm of the proposed method is well-defined, and the sequence of the directions of search is shown to be sufficiently descending. The convergence result of the proposed method is discussed under the common standard conditions. The proposed algorithm together with some existing ones in the literature is implemented to solve a collection of benchmark test problems. Numerical experiments conducted show the performance of the proposed method is very encouraging. Furthermore, an additional efficiency evaluation is carried out on problems arising from signal processing and it works well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BIM modeling of existing buildings – a study on effort and efficiency In the project "FHprofUnt 2018: BIM Bauen im Bestand (BIM‐BiB)", funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the campus of Trier University of Applied Sciences was surveyed using terrestrial laser scanners and the data obtained was transferred to BIM models of the campus buildings. Here, the efficiency of as‐is surveys using 3D scanners, point cloud generation and post‐processing, as well as BIM modeling of existing buildings is examined on the basis of the effort values obtained. The results show that the use of terrestrial laser scanners for as‐is surveys is an efficient method, but the processing and creation of high‐quality point clouds is still very time‐consuming and the actual BIM modeling greatly exceeds the two first‐mentioned work areas in terms of effort. To explain the results presented, the current state of the art and the project‐specific problems are discussed. The data obtained and its evaluation reveal weaknesses in the efficiency of the methods available today and shed light on research opportunities to make the process of modeling existing buildings more economical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on how meteorological factors, such as rainfall and temperature, influence changes in land use within the marshes of the Al-Majar Al-Kabir region in southern Iraq. Topics include the impact of temperature and rainfall on land cover types, the use of Landsat satellite data for monitoring these changes, and the implications for soil conservation and marshland management.

The shear shallow water (SSW) model introduces an approximation for shallow water flows by including the effect of vertical shear in the system. Six non-linear hyperbolic partial differential equations with non-conservative laws make up this system. Shear, contact, rarefaction, and shock waves are all admissible in this model. We developed the finite-volume two-step scheme, the so-called generalized Rusanov (G. Rusanov) scheme, for solving the SSW model. This method is split into two stages. The first one relies on a local parameter that permits control over the diffusion. In stage two, the conservation equation is recovered. Numerous numerical instances were taken into consideration. We clarified that the G. Rusanov scheme satisfied the C-property. We also compared the numerical solutions with those obtained from the Rusanov, Lax-Friedrichs, and reference solutions. Finally, the G. Rusanov technique may be applied for solving a wide range of additional models in developed physics and applied science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing ambient temperature significantly impacts plant growth, development, and reproduction. Uncovering the temperature-regulating mechanisms in plants is of high importance, for increasing our fundamental understanding of plant thermomorphogenesis, for its potential in applied science, and for aiding plant breeders in improving plant thermoresilience. Thermomorphogenesis, the developmental response to warm temperatures, has been primarily studied in seedlings and in the regulation of flowering time. PHYTOCHROME B and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), particularly PIF4, are key components of this response. However, the thermoresponse of other adult vegetative tissues and reproductive structures has not been systematically evaluated, especially concerning the involvement of phyB and PIFs. Results: We screened the temperature responses of the wild type and several phyB-PIF4 pathway Arabidopsis mutant lines in combined and integrative phenotyping platforms for root growth in soil, shoot, inflorescence, and seed. Our findings demonstrate that phyB-PIF4 is generally involved in the relay of temperature signals throughout plant development, including the reproductive stage. Furthermore, we identified correlative responses to high ambient temperature between shoot and root tissues. This integrative and automated phenotyping was complemented by monitoring the changes in transcript levels in reproductive organs. Transcriptomic profiling of the pistils from plants grown under high ambient temperature identified key elements that may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms behind temperature-induced reduced fertilization rate. These include a downregulation of auxin metabolism, upregulation of genes involved auxin signalling, miRNA156 and miRNA160 pathways, and pollen tube attractants. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that phyB-PIF4 involvement in the interpretation of temperature signals is pervasive throughout plant development, including processes directly linked to reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical statistical models are important in applied sciences because they capture complex relationships in data, especially when variables are related by space, time, sampling unit, or other shared features. Existing methods for maximum likelihood estimation that rely on Monte Carlo integration over latent variables, such as Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization (MCEM), suffer from drawbacks in efficiency and/or generality. We harness a connection between sampling-stepping iterations for such methods and stochastic gradient descent methods for non-hierarchical models: many noisier steps can do better than few cleaner steps. We call the resulting methods Hierarchical Model Stochastic Gradient Descent (HMSGD) and show that combining efficient, adaptive step-size algorithms with HMSGD yields efficiency gains. We introduce a one-dimensional sampling-based greedy line search for step-size determination. We implement these methods and conduct numerical experiments for a Gamma-Poisson mixture model, a generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with single and crossed random effects, and a multi-species ecological occupancy model with over 3000 latent variables. Our experiments show that the accelerated HMSGD methods provide faster convergence than commonly used methods and are robust to reasonable choices of MCMC sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation's exact solutions are obtained through the application of an appropriate transformation based on He's semi-inverse approach. This equation considered a generalization of other famous models in applied science, such as Phi-4 equation, Duffing equation, Fisher–Kolmogorov model through population dynamics and Hodgkin–Huxley equation that characterizes the propagation of electrical signals via nervous system. The suggested approach is simple, robust, and efficient, and its application in other partial differential equations in applied science seems promising. Numerical solution of the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation is presented using finite difference method. The method's accuracy is demonstrated by contrasting it with the exact solution that we obtained. The Von Neumann stability technique is applied to obtain the stability condition and a convergent test is presented Some 2D and 3D graphs matching to chosen solutions are simulated by taking into account appropriate values for the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text highlights the introduction of a new elective course at the Cologne University of Applied Sciences (TH Köln) entitled "Argumentation training against regulars' table slogans". This course, initiated by Prof. Klaus-Peter Hufer, offers students on the Library and Digital Communication programme the opportunity to train in argumentation techniques against right-wing extremist statements. The need for democracy work in libraries is highlighted, emphasising the role of libraries as places where democracy and democratic culture are practised. The article emphasises the increasing research activity on this topic and underlines the relevance of libraries as actors in the promotion of democracy. The course is explained with its aims, content, and methods. In addition, the results of interviews conducted by students with eight libraries on the topic of library democracy work are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant breeding is a multidisciplinary applied science that is crucial for enhancing food, fodder, fuel, and fiber production globally. Using detailed surveys in three Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries, this study investigated the current state of the plant breeding sector across tertiary, government, and industry levels. The findings highlight increasing concerns about the shortage of trained plant breeders, especially in the private sector, impacting food security and the economy. The need for a coordinated approach between the public and private sectors is emphasized. Suggestions for improvements include the establishment of dedicated training facilities, national funds for graduate fellowships, and increased private sector involvement in plant breeding education. The importance of adapting plant breeding courses to emerging scientific and technological advancements is highlighted, along with industry‐relevant training and improved promotion of the sector. The study raises awareness of the global shortage of trained plant breeders and provides valuable insights for decision makers toward strategic planning to address global food and fiber production challenges. Core Ideas: Raises awareness of the global shortage of trained plant breeders.Provides valuable insights for decision‐makers toward strategic planning to address global production challenges.The findings highlight increasing concerns about the shortage of trained plant breeders.The importance of adapting plant breeding courses to emerging scientific and technological advancements is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intensive adoption of ChatGPT by university students for learning has encouraged many scholars to test the variables that impact on their use of such AI in their learning. This study adds to the growing body of studies, especially in relation to the moderating role of students' gender and their study discipline in their acceptance and usage of ChatGPT in their learning process. This study expanded the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by integrating gender as well as study disciplines as moderators. The study collected responses from students in Saudi universities with different study disciplines and of different genders. The results of a structural model using Smart PLS showed a significant moderating effect of gender on the relationship between performance expectancy and ChatGPT usage. The results confirmed that the impact of performance expectancy in fostering ChatGPT usage was stronger in male than in female students. Moreover, social influence was shown to significantly affect males more than females in relation to ChatGPT usage. In addition, the findings showed that study discipline significantly moderates the link between social influence and ChatGPT usage. In the same vein, social influence significantly influences ChatGPT use in social sciences more than in applied sciences. Hence, the various implications of the study were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal violet (CV) staining technique represents a prevalent approach for the development of latent fingerprints, especially on adhesive tape surfaces. Nevertheless, the technique necessitates intricate formulations to augment its performance. In this investigation, an optimized CV staining protocol was developed, characterized by the absence of residual dye on the target substrates and the capability of facilitating fingerprint visualization under ambient light conditions. Four donors, comprising two males and two females, deposited natural fingerprints on various substrates, including glass microscope slides, aluminum foil, and 115 g glossy coated paper, without any specific guidelines. Fingerprints developed using cyanoacrylate fuming served as benchmarks and were contrasted with those generated through alternative methods: CV, ardrox, rhodamine 6G, powdering, and the optimized CV staining protocol. The fingerprint development experiment was replicated at seven distinct time intervals, encompassing 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, resulting in a dataset of 420 fingerprints. The evaluation of fingerprint identifiability employed a scoring system established by the Home Office Centre for Applied Science and Technology. The results indicated that the optimized CV staining technique demonstrated superior performance, boasting a 92.9% rate of identifiable fingerprint development in contrast to other employed methodologies. Consequently, this optimized CV staining approach is recommended as an efficient, rapid, and straightforward critical dyeing method, applicable to a wide array of substrates in forensic investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-order numerical scheme based on collocation of a quintic B-spline over finite element is proposed for the numerical solution of a class of nonlinear singular boundary value problems (SBVPs) arising in various physical models in engineering and applied sciences. Five illustrative examples are presented to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the method. In order to justify the advantage of the proposed numerical scheme, the computed results are compared with the results obtained by two other fourth-order numerical methods, namely the finite difference method (Chawla et al. in BIT 28(1):88–97, 1988) and B-spline collocation method (Goh et al. in Comput Math Appl 64:115–120, 2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the impact of soil salinity on the strength and bearing capacity of frozen walls in underground structures, specifically in potash mines. The presence of dissolved salt in frozen soils affects the transition of pore water into ice, leading to a decrease in strength and bearing capacity. The study focuses on two types of soils (chalk and clay) and three types of salts (NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2), conducting experiments to analyze the strength properties of frozen soils with different salt concentrations. The results indicate that the presence of dissolved salt reduces the maximum load-bearing capacity of the frozen wall, primarily due to a decrease in wall thickness and an increase in unfrozen water content. The findings suggest that when designing artificial ground freezing projects, the influence of dissolved salt should be considered in determining freezing points and assessing load-bearing capacity. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses an experimental study and mathematical modeling of face milling forces on high-strength, high-viscosity shipbuilding steel. The study focuses on preparing edges of holes in ship hull structures for welding, proposing the use of non-stationary technological complexes (NTC) with numerical control for machining complex surfaces. The article presents a mathematical model of the milling forces and discusses challenges and potential solutions for machining high-strength steel. The findings aim to contribute to the development of special equipment for processing hull structures under non-stationary conditions. This article provides valuable insights into tool design in Russian engineering, making it a valuable resource for library patrons interested in advancements and innovations in this field. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the significance of earthworms in soil fertilization and the reduction of chemical fertilizer use. Topics discussed include the role of earthworms in transforming organic waste into natural fertilizer, the process of vermicomposting, and the selection of suitable bedding materials and food sources for compost worms.

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