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As the range of handheld, mobile and desktop devices expands and worldwide demand for collaborative application tools increases, there is a growing need for higher speed impromptu cross-device application sharing to keep up with workplace requirements for on-site or remote collaborations. To address this, we have developed CamCutter, a cross-device interaction technique enabling a user to quickly select and share an application running on another screen using the camera of a handheld device. This technique can accurately identify the targeted application on a display using our adapted computer vision algorithm, system architecture and software implementation, allowing impromptu real-time and synchronized application sharing between devices. For desktop and meeting room set-ups, we performed a technical evaluation, measuring accuracy and speed of migration. For a single-user reading task and a collaborative composition task, we carried out a user study comparing our technique with commercial screen sharing applications. The results of this study showed both higher performance and preference for our system. Finally, we discuss CamCutter’s limitations and present insights for future vision-based cross-device application sharing.

Today in the development of technology, the process of sharing photos gradually begins to develop. Where individuals who want to share photos need media to be able to share photos that are considered interesting. At present many social media can be used to share interesting photos but as students generally do not know the processes that occur in building a social media application sharing photos. Like how to build an application using a database system that is online so that it can be accessed by many people using an internet connection. To build an application that has a database so that it can be used online, a cloud server is needed, a technology service that combines computers and internet-based networks. So this technology utilizes internet media as a central server for data management. At this time Google has provided a cloud server service called Firebase.

In recent years, the development of Internet of Things technology has led a new trend of information development, and has been applied in all walks of life. Internet of Things technology can not only greatly improve the efficiency of campus management, but also promote the development of education in China. However, there are also some drawbacks in the current resource information sharing. If we want to explore a specific kind of problems in depth, we need to share information resources among multiple information institutions. In view of the above-mentioned situation, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the information resources sharing service mode under the current Internet of Things environment, and combines the characteristics of Internet of Things technology and information resources sharing, puts forward reasonable plans and strategies to apply Internet of Things technology to the process of university information resources sharing, which is conducive to promoting the development of Internet of Things on campus and speeding up the process of University informatization.

This paper explores the relationship between rating, sharing and engagement within the freely available Mobile Messaging Application (MMA) through understanding their features and compatibility. We argued that MMA has the potential to substitute online marketing communication in the near future and the use of closed group chatting, sharing of information, and mobile-commerce in marketing communication has increased. Therefore, reviews on the current MMA, their abilities, compatibilities, functions and features with the marketing communication functions and features were analyzed. In particular, this study focuses on the implementation of MMA in future marketing communication and the engagement of users in sharing information, commenting on products and rating (sharing opinion) on products and services.

Covert channels through shared processor resources provide secret communication between two malicious processes: the trojan and the spy. In this article, we classify, analyze, and compare covert channels through dynamic branch prediction units in modern processors. Through experiments on a real hardware platform, we compare contention-based channel and the channel that is based on exploiting the branch predictor’s residual state. We analyze these channels in SMT and single-threaded environments under both clean and noisy conditions. Our results show that the residual state-based channel provides a cleaner signal and is effective even in noisy execution environments with another application sharing the same physical core with the trojan and the spy. We also estimate the capacity of the branch predictor covert channels and describe a software-only mitigation technique that is based on randomizing the state of the predictor tables on context switches. We show that this protection eliminates all covert channels through the branch prediction unit with minimal impact on performance.

The sharing of application windows among multiple PCs is needed to support collaborative works. It enables users to manipulate windows from different PCs when using their own PCs. However, creating native applications with a sharing function is time consuming. We therefore developed an application window sharing system using web technology. Moreover, we developed a dongle interface for an application sharing system. This enables users to start the sharing of application windows smoothly. We tested and evaluated the practically of our system. The time required to start the application window sharing was shown to be less than 2,000 ms. The present paper describes how the system can be used for practical applications.

The capacity and capability of mobile devices continue to increase enabling the emergence of a wide variety of apps that are previously only possible with more powerful computing devices, such as laptops, desktops and even (cloud) servers. However, despite a rich set of resources in today’s mobile devices, the platform-level support for mobile distributed computing remains limited. In this paper, we demonstrate textbf Single Application Multiple Device (SAMD), a mobile platform-level framework designed for “instant” mobile distributed computing. The idea is that the great amounts of mobile devices pervasive in today’s connected world could be harnessed and managed cooperatively for a common objective, such as mobile collaboration. SAMD enables a mobile app to run its portions across multiple devices without the prior installation. We have implemented a proof-of- concept prototype of SAMD on Android and demonstrated the development of two example SAMD apps.

The collective use of ever connected and pervasive mobile devices has been increasingly sought for in mobile collaboration, such as multiplayer mobile gaming and distributed processing. The current model of mobile collaboration requires each device to install a particular, ‘full’ mobile app for a respective collaboration. Besides, collaboration functionalities are typically implemented at application level. In this paper, we present Single Application Multiple Device (SAMD) as a platform-level mobile collaboration framework. A mobile app developed using SAMD is capable of fine-grained application sharing. In particular, SAMD enables devices, agreed to participate in collaboration, to get portions of the app on-the-fly and run them without the prior installation. To achieve this, we have developed three solutions as core functionalities of SAMD: 1) Controller packaging, 2) lookahead transfer and 3) code adaptation. We have implemented SAMD on Android as a proof-of-concept prototype. Our experimental results demonstrate SAMD can provide fine-grained sharing of latency-insensitive applications.

Data sharing for data collection among multiple applications is an efficient way to reduce communication cost for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This paper is the first work to introduce the interval data sharing problem which is to investigate how to transmit as less data as possible over the network, and meanwhile the transmitted data satisfies the requirements of all the applications. Different from current studies where each application requires a single data sampling during each task, we study the problem where each application requires a continuous interval of data sampling in each task. The proposed problem is a nonlinear nonconvex optimization problem. In order to lower the high complexity for solving a nonlinear nonconvex optimization problem in resource restricted WSNs, a 2-factor approximation algorithm whose time complexity is $O(n^{2})$ and memory complexity is $O(n)$ is provided. A special instance of this problem is also analyzed. This special instance can be solved with a dynamic programming algorithm in polynomial time, which gives an optimal result in $O(n^{2})$ time complexity and $O(n)$ memory complexity. Three online algorithms are provided to process the continually coming tasks. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

Internet provides a lot of tools and technologies designed to help people collaborate and communicate with each other. Collaboration tools are a category of tools such as chat, application sharing, videoconferencing and e-mail (Dobre, Seria Matematica - Informatica – Fizica LVIII:51–56, 2006). In additition, online collaboration tools are based on webpages, clients and servers, so all the aspects of a competitive webpage should be considered in order to make a good collaboration tool. Modelling is the process of representing a physical system, or natural phenomenon, or even an idea. In this paper we will simulate the process of developing a web-based collaboration tool, in order to find how the available resources should be properly distributed.

Today’s mobile devices are increasingly capable with a rich set of resources, such as octa-core processors, large amount of memory, GPS modules and even GPUs. Harnessing these devices for collaborative use is of great practical importance. At present, they are either collectively used or statically collaborated. In this paper, we present Single Application Multiple Device (SAMD) as a novel framework that provides collaboration functionalities at mobile platform level. A mobile app developed using SAMD is capable of mobile collaboration by sending portions of the app on-the-fly and running them without the prior installation. SAMD consists of three core functionalities: (1) Controller packaging, (2) lookahead transfer and (3) Controller replacement. We have implemented SAMD on Android as a proof-of-concept prototype. We evaluated SAMD using five applications on a number of real heterogeneous mobile devices. Our experimental results demonstrate SAMD can provide fine-grained sharing of latency-insensitive applications.

In recent years, we have witnessed the rapid advent of cloud computing, in which remote software is delivered as a service and accessed by users using a thin client over the Internet. In particular, a traditional desktop application can execute in the remote virtual machines of clouds without re-architecture and provide a personal desktop experience to users through remote display technologies. However, existing cloud desktop applications have isolated environments with virtual machines (VMs), which cannot adequately support application-oriented collaborations between multiple users and VMs. In this paper, we propose a flexible collaboration approach, named CyberLiveApp, to enable live virtual desktop application sharing, based on a cloud and virtualization infrastructure. CyberLiveApp supports secure application sharing and on-demand migration among multiple users or equipment. To support VM desktop sharing among multiple users, we develop a secure access mechanism to distinguish their view privileges, in which window operation events are tracked to compute hidden areas of windows in real time. A proxy-based window filtering mechanism is also proposed to deliver desktops to different users. To achieve the goals of live application sharing and migration between VMs, a presentation redirection approach based on VNC protocol and a VM cloning service based on the Libvirt interface are used. These approaches have been preliminary evaluated on an extended MetaVNC. Results of evaluations have verified that these approaches are effective and useful.

The advent and wide adoption of smartphones in the second half of '00s has completely changed our everyday mobile computing experience. Tens of applications are being introduced every day in the application markets. Given the technology progress and the fact that mobile devices are becoming strong computing devices, mobile applications are expected to follow suit and become computation-heavy, bandwidth-hungry and latency-sensitive. In this paper, we introduce a new mobile computing paradigm to alleviate some of the network stress that mobile applications are already putting into the network, e.g., in case of crowded areas and events, where the mobile network effectively collapses. According to this paradigm, users can share the applications that they have on their mobile devices with nearby users that want access to processed information, which their own applications cannot provide. In a sense, then, the client application instance is also acting as a server instance in order to serve requests from nearby users. A representative example is a route-finder application in a busy station, airport, stadium or festival, or a gaming application onboard a flight. Our paradigm builds on Information-Centric Networking (ICN) and uses keyword-based requests to discover shared applications in the vicinity.

With advances in hardware and networking technologies and mass manufacturing, the cost of high end hardware had fall dramatically in recent years. However, software cost still remains high and is the dominant fraction of the overall computing budget. Application sharing is a promising solution to reduce the overall IT cost. Currently software licenses are still based on the number of copies installed. An organization can thus reduce the IT cost if the users are able to remotely access the software that is installed on certain computer servers instead of running the software on every local computer. In this paper, we propose a generic application sharing architecture for users' application sharing in a cluster of closed operating systems such as Microsoft Windows. We also propose a broker-mediated solution where we allow multiple users to access a single user software license on a time multiplex basis through a single logged in user. An application sharing tool called ShAppliT has been introduced and implemented in Microsoft Windows operating system. We evaluated their performance on CPU usage and memory consumption when a computer is hosting multiple concurrent shared application sessions., 17 pages

Real-Time Whiteboard Capture System captures whiteboard lecture video in real time and extracts newly written pen strokes. Unlike other systems, it does not require special instruments such as electronic pen or whiteboard. The captured video images are classified into pen strokes on the whiteboard, foreground (person in front of the whiteboard) and Whiteboard Background Model (whiteboard without the text). The newly written pen strokes are extracted from current image frame and updated to the Whiteboard Background Model. Whiteboard Balancing is done where the colour of the whiteboard is corrected and made completely white. The captured video is processed at 8 frames per second (fps) instead of 25 fps that is output from the camera. Whiteboard balancing and reducing the processing frame rate provide a reduced bandwidth when transmitting whiteboard contents to remote meeting participants. This system can be used in conjunction with other teleconferencing tools such as voice conference and application sharing to improve online meeting experience.

International audience; A lot of professionals or hobbyists at home would like to create their own immersive virtual reality systems for cheap and taking little space. We offer two examples of such "home-made" systems using the cheapest hardware possible while maintaining a good level of immersion: the first system is based on a projector (VRKit-Wall) and cost ≈ 1000€, while the second system is based on a head-mounted display (VRKit-HMD) and costs between 600€ and 1000€. We also propose a standardization of those systems in order to enable simple application sharing. Finally, we describe a method to calibrate the stereoscopy of a NVIDIA 3D Vision system.

In order to meet the requirements of product information sharing and exchange in collaborative design, a design model sharing method was put forward for multidisciplinary domains cooperation. The creation and release mechanism of shared information model were represented. A collaborative product design framework was established based on the sharing model. An application sharing mode of message-driven design was achieved in which information expression approach is built by XML. So packaging and transmission of the shared design information were implemented in collaborative process. An effective solution of information interaction interdisciplinary domains was proposed for collaborative design process.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of incorporating Web-based application sharing of virtual medical simulation software within a multipoint video teleconference (VTC) as a training tool in graduate medical education.National Capital Consortium Radiation Oncology Residency Program resident and attending physicians participated in dosimetry teaching sessions held via VTC using Acrobat Connect application sharing. Residents at remote locations could take turns designing radiation treatments using standard three-dimensional planning software, whereas instructors gave immediate feedback and demonstrated proper techniques. Immediately after each dosimetry lesson, residents were asked to complete a survey that evaluated the effectiveness of the session. At the end of a 3-month trial of using Adobe Connect, residents completed a final survey that compared this teaching technology to the prior VTC-alone method.The mean difference from equality across all quality measures from the weekly survey was 0.8, where 0 indicated neither enhanced nor detracted from the learning experience and 1 indicated a minor enhancement in the learning experience. The mean difference from equality across all measures from the final survey comparing use of application sharing with VTC to VTC alone was 1.5, where 1 indicated slightly better and 2 indicated a somewhat better experience.The teaching efficacy of multipoint VTC is perceived by medical residents to be more effective when complemented by application-sharing software such as Adobe Acrobat Connect.

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of a novel file and application sharing system that enables a group of mobile stations that do not have any prior security association and infrastructure support, to form a secure collaboration workspace, and share files and application content instantly with minimal human intervention.Design/methodology/approachThe paper looks at the system implementation and experimentation.FindingsWShare can automatically establish a peer‐to‐peer network among the participating mobile stations, and provides a transparent shared file repository through which the mobile stations can securely exchange files with simple drag‐and‐drop operations. This file sharing application can also be specialized to support the same file beaming service over wireless LAN as that provided by Palm PDAs over infrared links. On the application sharing front, WShare supports a general remote execution mechanism that can synchronize the state of multiple instances of a standard productivity application, such as PowerPoint, Excel, and Word, across different machines. Finally for sharing generic applications, WShare also integrates virtual network computing with reliable wireless broadcast to provide a user‐interface level sharing mechanism. Performance measurement on the fully operational WShare prototype shows that a collaboration workspace among five mobile nodes can be set up within 3.5 seconds.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a new communication paradigm and presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a fully‐working prototype.

In contrast to single-user applications, most collaborative multi-member applications have been developed as vehicles for investigating various research issues, and even existing commercial collaborative multi-member applications have not widely accepted by end-users. The paper will describe an innovative approach and relative techniques that can be used to convert existing single-user applications into collaborative applications, without modifying the source code and knowledge of the API of the original single-user applications. The main idea is that user events occurring through the interactions with the application can be caught, distributed, and reconstructed. This approach and supporting techniques were tested in the process of transparently converting a single-user AutoCAD application into a real-time collaborative AutoCAD application called CoAutoCAD, which not only retains the original function and user interface of the single-user AutoCAD application, but supports group collaboration capabilities as well.

Today's fusion experiments are geographically and institutionally dispersed collaborations. This makes the need for good remote collaboration tools particularly acute. Informal interactions between scientists are particularly important and hard to realize with traditional communications approaches. We are testing existing packages based on the IETF SIP (session initiation protocol) standard and integrating them into our applications to address these issues. Development of additional tools may be needed to provide better integration and enhanced functionality. By providing a spectrum of tools encompassing instant messaging, voice, video, presence, event notification and application sharing, we hope to overcome technical hurdles and a natural reluctance, among researchers, to interact with colleagues who are not on site. Existing web pages, which support integrated and shared workspaces, such as electronic logbooks, code and experimental run management, records of presentations and publications, personnel databases, and physical site maps will be ‘communications enabled’, so that just as currently there are ‘mailto’ links we will be able to have ‘speak to:’, ‘instant message to:’, ‘video to:’, and ‘share with:’ links. Mechanisms will be provided for session portability; a conference might be moved from a hard phone to a soft phone so that video or application sharing could be enabled. This paper discusses our ongoing efforts in these areas, including a prototype implementation of some of these tools.

Previous application sharing systems have no unified communication protocols. The well known application sharing protocols include RFB (Remote FrameBuffer), RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) and ITU-T T.128. A generic application sharing architecture is proposed for providing the capability of connecting various application sharing servers with the same application sharing client. A communication standard for application sharing systems is defined based on the Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM). To compare with previous application sharing systems, there are many advantages including easy to use, easy to connect, easy to integrate, higher scalability and less bandwidth consumption.

Access and retrieval of meteorological and oceanographic data from heterogeneous sources in a distributed system presents many issues. There are a number of features of the TEDServices system that illustrate active network management for such data. There is a self-aware or intelligent aspect with respect to the mechanisms for shutdown, data ordering, and propagation of data orders. Intelligent cache management and collaborative application sharing process are other features of the active network management. Additionally a very important capability is the implementation of resumable object streams, which allows either the client or server side of a request to lose network connection, regain it, and the request will continue where it left off. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 1123–1138, 2007.

Cloud computing is based on network and computer applications. In cloud data sharing is an important activity. Small, medium, and big organization are use cloud to store their data in minimum rental cost. In present cloud proof their importance in term of resource and network sharing, application sharing and data storage utility. Hence, most of customers want to use cloud facilities and services. So the security is most essential part of customer's point of view as well as vendors. There are several issues that need to be attention with respect to service of data, security or privacy of data and management of data. The security of stored data and information is one of the most crucial problem in cloud computing. Using good protection techniques of access control we can resolved many security problems. Accept that managing privacy and security of information in web highly challenging. This paper describes how to secure data and information in cloud environment in time of data sharing or storing by using our proposed cryptography and steganography technique.

At present, the number of small towns rapid growth of motor vehicles, the dynamic and static traffic put forward more requirements. This paper first analyzes the characteristics of small town traffic, put forward the problems caused by the traffic congestion and parking is difficult because of small cities and towns, proposed the application of car sharing model is the effective measure to solve the problems. At the same time, this paper defines the concept of The solve the traffic congestion utility index& The solve the parking difficulty utility index, and has carried on the concrete application of. The application sharing to solve the traffic congestion and parking is difficult to enhance the effectiveness of the obvious conclusion.

Single-user interactive computer applications are pervasive in our daily lives and work. Leveraging single-user applications for supporting multi-user collaboration has the potential to significantly increase the availability and improve the usability of collaborative applications. In this article, we report an innovative Transparent Adaptation (TA) approach and associated supporting techniques that can be used to convert existing and new single-user applications into collaborative ones, without changing the source code of the original application. The cornerstone of the TA approach is the operational transformation (OT) technique and the method of adapting the single-user application programming interface to the data and operation models of OT. This approach and supporting techniques were developed and tested in the process of transparently converting two commercial off-the-shelf single-user applications (Microsoft Word and PowerPoint) into real-time collaborative applications, called CoWord and CoPowerPoint, respectively. CoWord and CoPowerPoint not only retain the functionalities and “look-and-feel” of their single-user counterparts, but also provide advanced multi-user collaboration capabilities for supporting multiple interaction paradigms, ranging from concurrent and free interaction to sequential and synchronized interaction, and for supporting detailed workspace awareness, including multi-user telepointers and radar views. The TA approach and generic collaboration engine software component developed from this work are potentially applicable and reusable in adapting a wide range of single-user applications.

The empirical study reported in this article is based on a pilot experiment conducted in a foundation course in Computer Science at the University of Toronto (Canada) with a webcasting system called ePresence; a system that builds upon a webcasting infrastructure through the addition of interactive slides, application sharing, and communication tools in order to enhance students' engagement during on-line webcasts. While watching on-line lectures, learners were given both an audio and a text channel to communicate within their study groups. The results of the pilot study indicated that students could engage in coherent threaded conversations using both modes simultaneously. While evaluating the impact of audio communication on student engagement during on-line lectures, we observed the phenomenon of bimodal conversations or medium switching. Mode selection and mode switching are seen to impact conversations at various levels, and yet students are able to intuitively negotiate both modes simultaneously du...

A synchronous cooperation model between institutes of higher learning for course development was implemented at the National Cheng Kung University (NCKU) and at the Far East College (FEC) in Taiwan. Synchronous computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) tools such as videoconferencing, application sharing, electronic whiteboard, and file transfer, through hybrid ISDN/Internet network services, were adopted for communication, coordination, and sharing of knowledge and equipment in two joint engineering laboratory course: ‘Remote collaborative reverse engineering’, based at the FEC, and ‘Computer-integrated manufacturing’, based at the NCKU. The major teaching objective of both courses was to present examples of complete industrial processes, rather than to demonstrate the hardware and software used to support the presentation between the two institutions. These industrial examples were presented synchronously and interactively to students at both the FEC and the NCKU to illustrate the importance of knowledge sharing and device integration with diverse synchronous CSCW methods. The industrial processes related to mold design and the forging of a metal part. The framework of the layered, synchronous, collaborative course presentation described in this paper also applies to the collaborative course development model, which has advantages over conventional engineering laboratory courses. The adoption of this model will relieve the cost of investment in teaching resources and equipment, as these may thereby be shared between institutions. The model has proved both feasible and extensible.

Data conferencing is a computing technique that helps people to communicate in realtime and to share information with others simultaneously. The T. 120 standard provides a base for: (1) multipoint data sharing; (2) interoperability; (3) reliable data transfer; (4) scalability, transparency and independence; (5) platform independence; (6) application independence. A review of the health-care data-conferencing literature identified 25 articles. Ten articles provided detailed information about data-conferencing applications. Of these, eight focused on application sharing, seven on whiteboards, two on chat and one on screen sharing. Articles published before the year 2000 typically focused on the use of NetMeeting and Intel ProShare with low-bandwidth network connections. After 2000, high-speed Internet connections became more popular and Web-based multimedia data conferencing became feasible. While there are undoubted benefits of data conferencing, more research and evaluation are required before the technique is widely implemented in health care.

The growth of effective information technology (IT) solutions in government is often challenged due to the nature of e-government solutions, which-like all large-scale IT systems and solutions- are typically complex, have high implementation costs and involve inherent production risks. Furthermore, while many governments may be facing similar service requirements, the trend is to develop new systems and solutions from scratch (thereby ‘reinventing the wheel’). In considering these challenges, this paper presents a number of examples (featuring award-winning solutions and real-world case studies-mainly drawn from Europe) where e-government development is accelerated by the reuse of existing solutions, thereby reducing cost and risk. This paper also investigates more programmatic application sharing initiatives that provide a community/collaborative environment facilitating the sharing, rework and enhancement of government solutions.