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Dermatology remains highly competitive, with strong USMLE Step 1 scores traditionally crucial for securing residency positions. The 2023–2024 cycle introduced significant changes, including pass/fail USMLE Step 1 score reports and an expanded program signaling system. This study explores dermatology residency applicant profiles within this new context. A survey of 2023–2024 dermatology applicants was conducted via social media to gather demographic and application data. A total of 63 survey responses were collected: 74.6% matched and 25.4% unmatched. The racial distribution was 54% White/Caucasian, 25.4% Asian/Pacific Islander, 9.5% Black/African American, 4.8% Hispanic/Latino, and 6.3% other. The median USMLE Step 2 score was 257 (215–277). Racial differences in USMLE Step 2 scores were significant (P = 0.031), but did not affect match rates (P = 0.116). Letters of recommendation from dermatology program directors were linked to lower match rates (P = 0.036). A positive correlation was found between the number of audition rotations completed and matching at such programs (r²=0.817). Of all matched respondents, 46.8% matched to a program they did not signal; of these, 50.0% matched to a program at which they completed an audition rotation and 40.9% to their home dermatology program affiliation. The mean number of interviews was 8.02, with matched applicants receiving more invitations than unmatched applicants (9.02 vs. 5.06, P = 0.002). The shift to pass/fail USMLE Step 1 scores and expanded program signaling did not notably affect the median USMLE Step 2 score from prior years or match rates among underrepresented minorities. Success in matching continues to depend on a holistic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to analyze the current legislation concerning the denunciator as a participant in criminal proceedings and to determine the extent to which their procedural status aligns with the provisions of Ukraine’s criminal procedural and anti-corruption legislation. Methodology: The methodology involves a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of existing scientific and theoretical material, leading to the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The research employed the following scientific methods: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, systemic-structural, and logical-normative. Results: The study found that the rights granted to denunciators under the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) of Ukraine are broader than those of a claimant. Denunciators retain their procedural status and participate in criminal proceedings for a longer duration compared to claimants. Moreover, under the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption,” denunciators are endowed with additional rights and guarantees not stipulated in the CPC, further distinguishing them from claimants as participants in criminal proceedings. However, these provisions in Ukraine’s criminal procedural legislation are not systematically organized, and some are entirely absent, necessitating amendments to the current CPC. Scientific Novelty: The study established that the CPC grants denunciators broader rights than claimants, including the right to be informed about the progress and status of pre-trial investigations initiated based on their reports, the right to receive rewards, and the right to file appeals. Denunciators retain their procedural status until the appellate stage, whereas claimants are temporary participants in legal relations. De facto, whistleblowers become interested parties in criminal proceedings, motivated by the prospect of receiving rewards. The Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” provides denunciators with even more extensive rights, particularly in terms of changes to their procedural status and representation in criminal proceedings. This underscores the need for amendments to the CPC to clearly define the rights and guarantees of denunciators, establish mechanisms for their representation in criminal proceedings, and determine the status of the National Agency on Corruption Prevention (NACP) as a participant in criminal proceedings. Practical Significance: The research results can be utilized in legislative drafting and law enforcement practices during pre-trial investigations of corruption offenses and related misconduct.

This note presents and analyses the Centre for Applied Legal Studies' (CALS) considerations regarding whether to intervene as an amicus curiae or a co-applicant in Embrace v. Minister of Justice and Correctional Services (Embrace), a legal case which questions the constitutionality of the mistaken belief in consent defence in relation to rape (and other sexual offences). To present CALS' litigation considerations, which formed the decision of whether to intervene in Embrace as an amicus curiae or co-applicant, this note presents the legal context around the mistaken belief defence. It then expands on CALS' position around the framing of mistaken belief, which differs from the two applicants in Embrace. Finally, it presents CALS' considerations that were required around entering the Embrace case as an applicant as opposed to entering as an amicus curia. The considerations included the benefit of co-applicants to raise new legal issues, and the forms of recourse available to amici versus co-applicants, the principle of the 'low-hanging fruits', and finally, potential liability around costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on an empirical study conducted between February and May 2023, employing methods such as online questionnaire surveys, content analysis of school websites, and secondary analysis of regulatory documents in the field of education in Russia and France. These documents include materials from organizations, centers, and other structures addressing issues related to vocational guidance, employment, training, and the development of student mobility in secondary schools and colleges. The work highlights the scientific problem of considering students' personal interests, inclinations, and abilities as a critical factor in selecting a university training program. The study revealed differences between Russian and French applicants in terms of the importance attributed to institutional, social, and personal factors when choosing a university course. Both Russian and French applicants place equal emphasis on institutional factors when deciding on a course of study. However, French applicants prioritize personal motives, such as self-realization, self-development, interesting future work, and the potential to build a successful career. Conversely, Russian applicants are more influenced by social factors, including entrance exam results, the prestige of the university, the potential to secure a well-paying job after graduation, and future high earnings. French applicants tend to make more balanced and informed decisions, leveraging their existing abilities to secure fulfilling future employment, achieve self-actualization, and develop successful careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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الملخص: أهداف البحث: هدفت الدراسة لتحديد الخصائص والعوامل التحفيزية للمتقدمين لبرنامج الماجستير في تعليم المهن الصحية في جامعة تابعة للقطاع العام، كراتشي. طرق البحث: شملت هذه الدراسة الوصفية المقطعية، التي أجريت من سبتمبر حتى أكتوبر 2022، جميع المتقدمين البالغ عددهم 60 متقدم لبرنامج الماجستير في تعليم المهن الصحية في جامعة جناح السند الطبية. تم توزيع استبانة عبر نموذج غوغل تضمن أسئلة لجمع المعلومات الديموغرافية، وعدد قليل من الأسئلة ذات الخيارات للاختيار، و34 عبارة للاستجابة بمقياس من خمس نقاط. كما تضمن سؤالا مفتوحا حول العوامل التحفيزية. تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج الحزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية واستخدام اختبار ''تي'' للعينات المستقلة لتحديد الفروقات بين مجموعات المتقدمين بناء على العوامل الديموغرافية. النتائج: استجاب 48 مشاركا، بمتوسط عمر 35.8±7.3 سنة، وكان الغالبية من الذكور (81.3%)، وخريجي برامج الطب وطب الأسنان (عددهم 29)، ويعملون في أقسام التعليم الطبي (عددهم 36). معظم المتقدمين أرادوا الانضمام إلى البرنامج لتحسين مهاراتهم في التدريس، خاصة لتدريس المهارات النفسحركية (96%) والبحث التعليمي (90%). علمت الأغلبية (64.6%) عن البرنامج من خلال الزملاء، بينما اختار 29.9% متابعة البرنامج بشكل مستقل. كانت دوافعهم الرئيسية نابعة من عدم قدرتهم على الحصول على قبول في أماكن أخرى (متوسط الدرجات 4.58±0.87) والاعتقاد بأن الجهد المطلوب للحصول على الدرجة كان ضئيلا (متوسط الدرجات 4.42±0.94). بالنسبة لخريجي الطب وطب الأسنان، ظهرت استجابات متشابهة، مما أظهر ارتباطا ذا دلالة إحصائية. ومع ذلك، كان هناك عدم اتفاق مشترك حول هيكل البرنامج وأعضاء هيئة التدريس كعوامل تحفيزية. الاستنتاجات: كانت الدوافع الرئيسية للحصول على درجة الماجستير في تعليم المهن الصحية هي تحسين مهارات التدريس. كانت الدوافع للتقدم لهذا البرنامج تحديدا هي الفشل في القبول في أماكن أخرى والاعتقاد بأن الجهد المطلوب لإكمال هذا البرنامج كان ضئيلا. يجب أن يتم نشر أهداف وغرض البرنامج بشكل أفضل مع إدخال تغييرات في معايير وإجراءات القبول من أجل تشجيع الأفراد الذين لديهم دافع لمتابعة التعليم الطبي كمسار مهني. Abstract: Objective: To determine characteristics and motivational factors of applicants applying for MHPE program at a Public-sector University, Karachi. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted from September till October 2022, included all 60 applicants of MHPE program at Jinnah Sindh Medical University. The survey questionnaire was administered (google form) and comprised questions seeking demographic information, few questions with options to select and 34 statements to be responded on 5-point scale. One open-ended question asking motivational factor/s. Data was analyzed using SPSS and independent sample t-test was used to determine the differences between groups of applicants based on demographic factors. Results: 48 participants responded, mean age was 35.8 ± 7.3 years, with predominantly males (81.3%), graduates of medical and dental programs (n = 29), and employed in medical education departments (n = 36). Most of the applicants wanted to join the program to improve their teaching skills, especially psychomotor skills teaching (96%) and educational research [90%]. Majority (64.6%) learned about the program through peers, whereas 29.9% independently chose to pursue the program. Their primary motivation stemmed from their inability to secure admission elsewhere and the belief that minimal effort was needed to acquire the degree (mean score 4.58 ± 0.87 and 4.42 ± 0.94), respectively. For medical and dental graduates, comparable responses emerged, displaying a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05). However, there was mutual disagreement regarding the program's structure and faculty as motivating factors. Conclusion: Primary motivations to earn an MHPE degree were to improve teaching skills. Motivations to apply to this particular program was the failure to be accepted elsewhere and the perception that minimal efforts were needed to complete this program. The program goals and purpose need to be better propagated along with changes in the admission processes in order to encourage those individuals to apply who are motivated to pursue medical education as a career.

Alongside establishing the procedure for criminal proceedings, a primary objective of criminal procedure legislation is to precisely define the legal status and procedural powers of participants in criminal procedure relations. This involves setting the boundaries of their rights and obligations. Accordingly, particular emphasis should be placed on delineating the subject matter of criminal proceedings by devising a plan to enhance their position, role, and procedural status. The aim of the study is to scrutinize legal issues concerning the exercise of procedural powers by various participants in criminal proceedings and to explore avenues for enhancing the composition of criminal pre-trial proceedings. The article delves into matters concerning the procedural role of the investigator and examines their interaction with the procedural leader and the prosecutor. Special attention is paid to the procedural status of the person in respect of whom a crime report is being checked, the problem of criminal prosecution when checking a crime report is revealed, the roles and functions of an educator and a psychologist are investigated. In addition, the author substantiates the idea of expanding the range of participants in the pre-trial stages. The methodological framework of this work encompasses principles from the general scientific method of cognition, including formal logic, generalization, analysis, and description. It also draws upon methodologies from the fields of general theory of law, criminal procedure, criminology, psychology, pedagogy, logic, and other related sciences. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn. When exploring the primary issues concerning the enhancement of participants' procedural status in pre-trial proceedings, the author proposes considering the following provisions: shifting departmental procedural oversight and prosecutorial supervision in favor of the latter and establishing a unified format for preliminary investigation; engaging the suspect at the initial stage of a criminal case; elucidating the purpose and function of involvement by educators and psychologists in the case; broadening the subject composition by granting individual participants procedural petitioner status.

Copyright of Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study is to consider the theory and practice of integrating the digital space of a university through the introduction of personal accounts of students, lecturers and applicants, including a description of possible subsystems and services for these accounts.Materials and methods. This study used the following materials and methods: analysis of bibliographic sources on the problems of digital transformation of the higher education system, as well as methods of collecting, systematizing, structuring and analyzing data about subsystems and services of personal accounts of students, lecturers and applicants of the university.Results. The results of the paper include the project of subsystems and services for personal accounts of students, lecturers and university applicants. The project of a university student’s personal account includes the following subsystems: educational process, practice and employment, feedback, interaction with accounting, electronic document management (ordering assignments and certificates), integration with information systems. The personal account of a university lecturer contains subsystems: educational process, research work, interaction with the personnel department, interaction with accounting, quality management system, integration with information systems. The applicant’s personal account includes subsystems: submission of documents, entrance exams, enrollment, conclusion of contracts, feedback, authorization in the personal account. The problems and prospects for the digital transformation of the education system and the issues of integrating personal accounts into the electronic environment of universities are also considered. In particular, we can propose the integration of personal accounts into the following possible versions of basic platforms: LMS - learning management system (for example, LMS Moodle); ERP - enterprise resource planning (for example, 1C: PROF University); university Internet portal (for example, on the 1C-Bitrix platform); implementation of personal accounts using the university’s own software developments based on systems with a web interface (with an adapted version for mobile devices). In addition, a model for the possible integration of the personal accounts of a student and a lecturer into the university information environment is created. Besides, an example of the implementation of a lecturer’s personal account in the Electronic information and educational environment of the Bashkir State Agrarian University is given.Conclusion. We can conclude that the digital transformation of higher education is an extremely complex, multi-component task. Its effective solution is possible only through the integration interaction of all participants in the educational process. Organization of effective interaction between the administration, lecturers, students and applicants of the university based on the use of modern information technologies will allow for continuous monitoring of the progress of educational activities with the possibility of carrying out corrective measures to ensure the intensification of activities in key areas for the university. The introduction of personal accounts of students, lecturers and applicants into the activities of the university will automate interaction with all participants in the educational process, which will help to improve its efficiency.

Purpose. To study the problems of the system of variety testing in Ukraine, to study the ways and to justify the directions of its improvement, taking into account the practice of different countries. Methods. The researchers used general scientific methods including hypothesis, observation, search with elements of extrapolation from the source database, analysis, comparative evaluation and synthesis to draw conclusions. Results. The practices of variety testing in Ukraine, the United States of America and the countries of the European Union (the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Republic of Poland) were studied. It has been noted that the EU Common Catalogue of Plant Varieties consists of varieties which were tested on a common basis and included in the national catalogues of the EU countries. For other countries (non-EU members) there are no special conditions for registration without examination. Registration is based on the results of official examinations carried out by national offices authorised by state authorities (bureaus). In order to conduct an examination to allow a variety to be marketed, a significant number of uniform criteria and minimum requirements must be established, taking into account international rules for certain provisions. The varieties listed in the EU General Catalogue are authorised for certification and sale as seed in all Member States of the European Community. At the same time, the United States has a different national system of distribution and registration, where state registration is not required for commercial distribution of varieties. Information about them and their value is the responsibility of the owner who conducts variety trials. This principle applies to both domestic companies and non-residents. In accordance with the requirements of the current Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Rights to Plant Varieties”, varieties registered in the EU and/or the USA can be marketed in Ukraine without a qualification examination. Also, there are no official post-registration studies for varieties accepted and distributed in Ukraine. However, the majority of varieties from domestic applicants are not registered in the EU and/or the US and are therefore subject to the requirement to undergo at least a two-year cycle of research to confirm their suitability for distribution in Ukraine. Such an interpretation of the conditions for registration of varie ties in the territory of a Member State is contrary to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV Convention), WTO requirements (GATT Agreement on Non-Discriminatory Trade Treatment), Article 6 of Council Directive 2002/53/EC, and violates the constitutional rights of domestic breeders, as it places national applicants and their varieties on an unequal competitive footing. Conclusions. The improvement of the national legi slation, in particular the elimination of the simplified registration (without conducting official research in the soil and climatic zones of Ukraine), will make it possible to create a uniform approach and equal conditions for the commercial circulation of varieties and seed trade for domestic and foreign breeders. Without any alternative, Ukrainian norms and standards should not contradict those in force in the relevant international and European organisations. This will facilitate the fulfilment of the requirements for the exchange of examination results between the member states of the UPOV Convention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legislator assumed that an application should be submitted for retirement and disability benefits from the general insurance system. When determining the form and content of the application, the legislator did not directly specify its legal nature, which is important for both the applicant and the pension authority. The specific nature of the benefit application implies legal consequences in terms of legal, factual and technical actions undertaken by the pension authority after submitting the benefit application. By analyzing the existing legal norms of a procedural nature, it is possible to determine these effects and, through their prism, determine the nature of an application for a pension benefit as an important element of a legal transaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract As competitiveness to obtain a residency position in the field of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (Oto‐HNS) has continued to rise, applicants have endeavored to set themselves apart. One increasingly popular strategy is maximizing research output. Over the past 6 years, applicant metrics such as board scores and volunteer and work experiences have risen incrementally, while research production has more than doubled, from 8.4 mean number of abstracts, presentations, and publications in 2016 to 17.2 in 2022. This coincides with the exponential surge of new research fellowships among Oto‐HNS departments over a similar period, which is now up to at least 68 advertised positions. With a significant difference between the research production of matched and unmatched applicants, programs may be signaling a positive bias towards research‐heavy applicants. Whether this is intended and/or preferable should be examined more closely.

Objective  This article characterizes the resources used by ophthalmology residency applicants when deciding where to apply, interview, and rank. Design  Cross-sectional, online survey. Participants  All applicants to the University of California-San Francisco ophthalmology residency program during the 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021 application cycles. Methods  A secure, anonymous, 19-item post-match questionnaire was distributed to participants inquiring about demographic information, match outcomes, and resources used to learn and make decisions about residency programs. Results were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Main Outcome Measures  Qualitative ranking of resources used to decide where to apply, interview, and rank. Results  One hundred thirty-six of 870 solicited applicants responded to the questionnaire, for a response rate of 15.6%. Digital platforms were ranked as more important resources than people (i.e., faculty, career advisors, residents, and program directors) when applicants were deciding where to apply and interview. Digital platforms became far less important when applicants were formulating their rank lists, at which time the program's academic reputation, perceived happiness of residents and faculty, interview experience, and geographic location were more important. When learning about residency programs, 100% of respondents engaged with program Web sites, and the majority engaged with program emails ( n =88 [85.4%]), Doximity ( n =82 [79.6%]), Reddit ( n =64 [62.1%]), Instagram ( n =59 [57.3%]), the FREIDA residency program database ( n =55 [53.4%]), and YouTube ( n =53 [51.5%]). All 13 digital platforms included in the survey were utilized by at least 25% of respondents, largely passively (i.e., reading rather than producing content). Respondents indicated that the most important topics to include on program Web sites were the number of residents accepted per year, current resident profiles, and resident alumni job/fellowship placement. Conclusion  Applicants engage heavily with digital media in deciding where to apply and interview but rely heavily on their personal experiences with the program in deciding where to rank. Ophthalmology programs may facilitate recruitment of applicants by optimizing their digital media platforms.

The preparation of pedagogical staff who meet the demands of a dynamically developing world is a strategic task that determines the well-being of the society and the state. One of the effective ways to address this task may be to attract motivated applicants to university programs in pedagogical education who are aware of the significance and multi-faceted nature of the teacher’s work, are oriented towards the personal development of students, and are ready to embrace modern technologies and approaches. In this regard, the research focused on identifying the motivations for choosing a pedagogical profession, including career orientations, is especially relevant. The aim of this research is to identify the features of motivation for a professional career among applicants admitted to pedagogical programs and to determine the relationship between their career orientations and socio-demographic and motivational-professional characteristics. The empirical methods of the study included E. Schein’s «Career Anchors» methodology and questionnaire surveys. The study involved 107 applicants and 107 second-year students at Smolensk State University. The results obtained indicate stable trends in the motivation for choosing a pedagogical profession, expressed in the career orientations of «service» and «job stability», which are predominant among the subjects of both studied groups. In addition, applicants who consciously chose a pedagogical profession demonstrate readiness for professional development and overcome difficulties. The indicators of applicants who have experience in pedagogical activities and plans for work in the field, as measured by the scales of «professional competence» and «challenge», are statistically higher than those of individuals with predominantly external motivation for enrollment. These research findings confirm the feasibility of pre-professional training for future teachers.

The relevance of the stated issue is explained by the constant increase in the number of reports of domestic violence in the vast majority of European countries. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the legal framework for protecting women from domestic violence in Western European countries using the examples of Italy, Germany, and France. General theoretical methods of research, namely abstract-logical, systemic-functional, analysis and synthesis, and the comparative method, were used in the paper. It was clarified that the criminalisation of domestic violence victims has become a gradual trend in Western European countries. Protective measures such as issuing protection orders, using Global Positioning System bracelets to track perpetrators, and increasing responsibility for committing domestic violence have been implemented. The necessity of criminalising the crime of stalking was justified in Ukraine. Western European countries actively combat domestic violence in general and towards women in particular. It is established that the feature of the German legal system is the presence of specialised police units whose activities are aimed at protecting victims of domestic violence. France focuses on developing state programmes aimed at protecting individuals who have experienced family violence. In all analysed countries, the legislation ensures the protection of domestic violence victims through the issuance of protective orders. The analysis of the legislation of Italy, Germany, and France disclosed features of legal regulation regarding the protection of women from domestic violence and identified advantages and disadvantages that may exist in this area. The results of the study can be used in the research field as a basis for further studies on the protection of women from domestic violence and in legislative activities, providing recommendations for changes to Ukrainian legislation.

Objectives: Due to the limitations of the Coronavirus disease pandemic, medical applicants have relied on remote means of information, such as a program's website, to decide where to apply. However, studies have shown that many residency and fellowship websites lack information. Vascular neurology fellowship websites have not yet been studied. This study evaluates the availability and accessibility of information on vascular neurology fellowship websites. Methods: From 2021 to 2022, a total of 109 U.S. vascular neurology fellowship programs from the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database were investigated to determine whether they had websites. Each website was evaluated on the immediate availability of 34 different criteria, which were deemed important by past studies. These criteria were reviewed under four categories: program overview, application information, fellow life, and curriculum. The comprehensiveness of the information among these different categories were analyzed. Programs were grouped by geographic region and electronic residency application service (ERAS)-participation status and comparisons were made within these groups. Results: There were 107 programs with websites (98%). ERAS-participating programs fulfilled more criteria on average than non-participating programs (P = 0.004). All websites provided information on general descriptions of their programs, but information on board exam pass rates, fellow testimonials, history of the fellowship program, responsibility progression, family and social events, parking availability, and application deadline were provided by less than 25% of websites. Conclusion: This study found that there was a large lack of information on vascular neurology fellowship websites, which could be improved to attract more applicants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Pedagogical Sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current legislation regarding the legal status of denunciators and determine the extent to which the legal positions of various legislative acts coincide on this matter. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the existing scientific and theoretical material, as well as the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the research: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, systemic-structural, and logical-normative. Results. In the process of the research, it was determined that denunciators, as participants in criminal proceedings, emerged in the national legal field due to amendments to anti-corruption legislation. These changes affected the conceptual apparatus, denunciators’ ways and means of informing about possible facts of corruption or corruption-related offenses were identified, denunciators’ guarantees of the legal status were introduced, specific measures for the protection of both denunciators and their close associates were implemented, and the powers of the National Agency on Corruption Prevention regarding cooperation with denunciators and the protection of their interests were expanded. However, certain provisions of anti-corruption legislation, particularly the Law of Ukraine On Prevention of Corruption regarding the legal status of denunciators, and specific provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine regarding the procedural status of denunciators as participants in criminal proceedings, require coordination and improvement. Scientific novelty. In the process of research, it was established that the concept of a denunciator provided by the Law of Ukraine On Prevention of Corruption is somewhat narrower than the analogous concept provided by the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, that in certain cases, may hinder the usage of the full range of protection measures and guarantees for denunciators stipulated by the current legislation. Additionally, it was established that the procedural statuses of a denunciator and a witness in criminal proceedings may not be fully reconciled due to certain inconsistencies between the scope of rights of denunciators regulated by the Law of Ukraine On Prevention of Corruption and the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, respectively. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in law-making and law-enforcement activities during pre-trial investigations of corruption offenses and offenses related to corruption.

The purpose of the study is to develop an algorithm for managing investments in preparation for entering a higher educational institution as an investment project.Materials and methods. The study includes a review of bibliographic sources on the existing methods and approaches to determining the economic efficiency of preparing for admission to a higher educational institution, as well as methods for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects. It also includes the collection and analysis of a statistical set of data and the development of a mechanism for choosing a training method with the available data about the applicant through neural network modeling.Results. A number of factors influencing the effectiveness of preparing an applicant for admission are considered. The effectiveness of the main trajectories of preparation for admission is evaluated by modeling the results of the collected statistical population, in particular: school preparation, tutoring, additional courses. Neural network models are created to determine the relationship between the factors influencing the result of preparation for admission and to make a choice to determine the significance of the applicant’s input parameters for various training trajectories. In accordance with the selected data, a neural network model is being developed to select the optimal trajectory for preparing for admission to a higher educational institution. As a result of creating a neural network model, a mathematical model is designed to determine the most optimal training method. Preparation for admission is considered as an investment project. By applying the method of evaluating the effectiveness of an investment project and the approach to managing it, based on the created model, an algorithm is described for choosing the best trajectory for preparing for admission to a higher educational institution, which allows applicants to independently evaluate investments in training as an investment project and choose the most cost-effective way of training. By adapting the method of assessing the economic efficiency of investments by discounting cash flows used in the business environment, a methodology was formulated for choosing the most optimal training trajectory.Conclusion. It can be argued that it makes sense to consider investments in additional preparation for a high school student to enter a higher educational institution as an investment project in which the parent acts as an investor, and the goal of the project is to enter a higher educational institution. To assess the effectiveness of investments in training and competent management of them, an algorithm has been developed for choosing the most cost-effective trajectory of preparation for entering a higher educational institution, using the example of admission to the Perm State National Research University. The algorithm is based on a neural network model that takes into account the input parameters of students: the duration of training, the frequency of additional classes, the level of motivation and average performance as factors influencing the probability of entering a higher educational institution. The algorithm is designed and can be used to manage investments in additional education of the child by determining the most cost-effective way to use financial resources. It is expedient to use the developed algorithm in those cases when the final goal involves the admission of a child to an educational institution. In this case, the use of the model will offer the best training path from an economic point of view for a particular applicant, taking into account the input parameters.

The article focuses on the procedural peculiarities of court investigations in cases of missing persons and death declarations. The jurisdiction of such cases has been determined. The criteria and the arguments for declaring a person missing or deceased were singled out. The procedural status of the applicant and the person concerned was analyzed. The necessity to expand the range of case participants has been proved. Special attention has been paid to the court claim requirements. The article also examines the problem of object of proof and the process of filing the evidence to court in order to justify the applicant's claim. The paper reveals the issue of court judgements and the proceedings for its renewal. It also reveals the consequences in case such court statements are satisfied. The author examines the academic positions of those scholars who researched such institutes in civil procedure perspective as well as the case law.

Personnel Psychology has a long tradition of publishing important research on personnel selection. In this article, we review some of the key questions and findings from studies published in the journal and in the selection literature more broadly. In doing so, we focus on the various decisions organizations face regarding selection procedure development (e.g., use multiple selection procedures, contextualize procedure content), administration (e.g., provide pre‐test explanations, reveal target knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics [KSAOs]), and scoring (e.g., weight predictors and criteria, use artificial intelligence). Further, we focus on how these decisions affect the validity of inferences drawn from the procedures, how use of the procedures may affect organizational diversity, and how applicants experience the procedures. We also consider factors such as cost and time. Based on our review, we highlight practical implications and key directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency medicine (EM) has its challenges, downsides, advantages, and accompanying lifestyle. Additionally, graduates of EM residency programs have abundant job opportunities. Accordingly, there is an increased interest in residency training in EM, even among residents with prior training. Transitioning from another specialty to EM can be complicated yet achievable, especially if EM is the transitioning physician's passion and career goal. Therefore, in this article, we elaborate on the transition process from another discipline to EM in light of changes in residency funding. We also explore the advantages and disadvantages of transitioning to EM with previous training in another specialty. Moreover, we expand on credit equivalencies for months already completed in another training programs, as well as the difficulties to be anticipated by transitioning physicians.

Postgraduate training in emergency medicine (EM) varies in length among different programs. This fact creates a dilemma for applicants to the specialty of EM and prevents EM educators from reaching a consensus regarding the optimal length of training. Historically, EM training existed in the postgraduate year (PGY) 1-3, 2-4, and 1-4 formats, until the PGY 2-4 program became obsolete in 2011-2012. Currently, three-quarters of EM programs follow the PGY 1-3 format. In this article, we clarify for the applicants the main differences between the PGY 1-3 and PGY 1-4 formats. We also discuss the institutional, personal, and graduate considerations that explain why an institution or an individual would choose one format over the other.

Although the majority of U.S. medical students predominantly apply to only one specialty, some apply to more than one. When it comes to emergency medicine (EM), applicants may apply to additional specialties due to several reasons: being international medical graduates as well as their inability to make a decision regarding the choice of specialty, fear from the growing competitiveness of EM, or the desire to stay in a specific geographic area. Accordingly, in this article we aim to guide medical students through the process of applying to more than one specialty, including using the Electronic Residency Application Service application, writing a personal statement, getting letters of recommendation, and an Early Match. Moreover, we elaborate on the effect of applying to more than one specialty on a student's application to a residency in EM.

BackgroundSelecting a training program is one of the most challenging choices an applicant to the Match has to make.DiscussionTo make an informed decision, applicants should do a comprehensive research and carefully plan their upcoming steps. Factors that might influence the applicants' decision include geography, program reputation, specific areas of academic focus, subspecialty interests, university-versus community-based training, length of training and interest in combined programs. Such information can be gathered from published material, websites, and personal advice (from faculty, residents and advisors). This process is time-consuming and stressful.ConclusionTherefore, in this article we elaborate on the above to facilitate this process for applicants.

The work is devoted to the application of the Customer Journey Map (CJM) for university applicants and managerial tasks of adapting the profile of the university in the digital environment to the trajectories of the consumer. The author’s definition of the “profile of the university in the digital environment” concept is offered, the analysis of statistical data of university websites is made. The combination of classical studies of applicants’ motivation and factors influencing enrollment in a particular university with modern methods of studying consumer behavior in the digital environment allows to increase the effectiveness of the admission campaign. Customer Journey Map as an analysis tool, in conjunction with the data of network traffic allows to optimize all types of communications of the university and provide its management with necessary information when making managerial decisions. The research revealed an insignificant influence of the university social networks and thematic groups on the decision to enroll to a particular university, which what caused a deeper study of visitors’ behavior on the university websites. Internet traffic activity for a number of universities was assessed as direct requests, through search services, social networks, mail servers, as well as through referral links, and advertising traffic. The study showed that search engines and direct queries gave the maximum value for traffic. But the effectiveness of advertising to attract applicants is rather low, which indicates the insignificant role of university advertising and confirms the data of the survey in the construction of the Customer Journey Map.

The article deals with the formation of communicative competencies of applicants for higher education in the context of distance learning from the perspective of neurosciences. The relevance of the article lies in the fact that for a successful, effective organization of distance learning, it is necessary to select the rational methods of teaching, aimed at enhancing the development of personality. The purpose of the article: to clarify the interpretation of the concepts: "competence", "communicative competence", "distance learning", "neuroscience", "neurolinguistics", to investigate service platforms for online learning; to find effective teaching methods that contribute to the formation of communicative competence of university applicants. Methods of work - analysis of scientific and methodological literature, system analysis. Results: the use of active teaching methods has a great impact on the formation of communicative competence in higher education students. Service platforms that help teachers conduct online learning with students have been investigated. It was emphasized that videoconferencing and video meetings help to form communicative competence with students. In addition, it was noted that higher education should be implemented using a competency-based approach. Novelty in the work is a review of neurolinguistic programming as one of the effective methods of formation of communicative competence. Conclusion: the use of current pedagogical technologies in the university helps to implement new principles of individualization and differentiation, taking into account the psychological aspects of the person associated with his intellect and speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thông tư 07/2015/TT-NHNN về Bảo lãnh ngân hàng đã tạo ra một cơ sở pháp lý thông thoáng cũng như làm cho các quy định của Việt Nam về bảo lãnh tiệm cận với các quy tắc quốc tế mới nhất về bảo lãnh theo yêu cầu của Phòng Thương mại Quốc tế là URDG758 ICC 2010. Tuy nhiên, trong quá trình thực hiện đã xuất hiện nhiều bất cập của Thông tư này. Bài viết sử dụng các phương pháp phân tích, tổng hợp, đối chiếu, so sánh luật nhằm chỉ ra và đề xuất hướng sửa đổi một số bất cập của Thông tư 07/2015/TT-NHNN liên quan đến các vấn đề như: khái niệm bảo lãnh ngân hàng, vấn đề sử dụng ngôn ngữ trong cam kết bảo lãnh ngân hàng, tính độc lập của cam kết bảo lãnh, về thời gian kiểm tra văn bản yêu cầu thực hiện nghĩa vụ, về nghĩa vụ của bên nhận bảo lãnh, quan hệ giữa hợp đồng cơ sở và cam kết bảo lãnh, vấn đề chuyển nhượng cam kết bảo lãnh. Từ khóa: Bảo lãnh ngân hàng, Cam kết bảo lãnh, Bên bảo lãnh, Bên được bảo lãnh, Bên nhận bảo lãnh

Dermatology is one of the least diverse medical fields, partly owing to the low number of international medical graduates that apply and match to dermatology residency programs in the United States each year. Our objective was to determine and outline the factors that can increase competitiveness of international applicants interested in applying to dermatology residency in the U.S. Higher match rates for IMGs were associated with several applicant-dependent characteristics, including higher USMLE scores, higher research participation and numbers of publications, strong recommendation letters, and dermatology rotations. Although states with a greater number of dermatology residency positions (New York, Massachusetts, and California) had more IMGs matched from 2013 to 2018, certain states with a smaller number of residency positions, namely Colorado and Georgia, had the highest dermatology match rates for IMGs when adjusted for the total number of matched applicants. Evidenced-based application guidance for international applicants, as outlined in this literature review, may improve the competitiveness of IMGs and increase diversity within the field of dermatology. Rotating and applying to dermatology residency programs in states that have historically accepted a higher number of IMGs may further improve the applicants' chances of matching into a dermatology residency.

Targeted studying in higher educational institutions is a system of training highly qualified personnel at the expense of the budget, with compulsory work at state enterprises, civil service, etc. Within its framework, a targeted (specially quota-based) enrollment of applicants studying at the state expense is carried out. The scientific and applied problem of this study is the insufficient efficiency of the state’s use of the instrument of targeted education in higher education.The goal is to form a set of scientifically grounded proposals to improve the efficiency of using the targeted education system in Russia based on the systematic analysis of the practice of targeted enrollment system functioning at the present stage.The empirical base of the study included the results of the admission campaign in 2021 of the TOP-100 of the leading universities in Russia (according to Forbes magazine). The objects of observation were individual IT and medical areas of training.Results and scientific novelty: on the basis of a systemic analysis, the current state of the targeted education system in domestic universities is comprehensively described, on the basis of which the key problems of its functioning at the present stage are formulated: 1) in most cases, a significantly lower level of educational potential of target students in comparison with ordinary “budget” students; 2) the lack of opportunity for universities to influence the quality of applicants within the target quota; 3) proactive nature of the formation of directions for targeted training; 4) the absence in the public domain of formal criteria that are being used for selecting target areas (in most cases); 5) non-objective criteria for selecting potential target students; 6) constraining the choice of an educational institution by target students; 7) insufficient interest of employing enterprises to the implementation of the selection program of potential target groups; 8) lack of means of control and influence on the learning outcomes on the part of future employers; 9) the lack of data-centricity in organizing the targeted training system functioning in Russia. To overcome them, the article provides recommendations grouped into 4 blocks: 1) increasing the transparency of the system for selecting potential candidates for targeted training; 2) increasing the attractiveness of the target recruitment, entailing an increase in the educational potential of target applicants; 3) improving the quality of training target students; 4) control and strategic development of the targeted enrollment system in Russia.

Objective: To provide an updated evaluation of radiology residency program websites in light of virtual interviewing during the COVID-19 pandemic and encourage programs to improve the quality of their online website presence.Methods: We evaluated the websites of 197 US radiology residency programs between November and December 2021 for the presence or absence of 30 metrics. The metrics chosen are those considered important by applicants when choosing a program and have been used in other similar papers.Results: Of the 197 programs, 192 (97.5%) had working websites. The average radiology residency website had 16 of 30 (54%) metrics listed on their websites. Five programs did not have accessible websites and were not included in the analysis. The most comprehensive website had 29 of 30 (97%) of metrics listed and the least comprehensive website had 2 of 30 (7%). There is a statistically significant difference in website comprehensiveness between top 20 and non-top 20 radiology program websites.Conclusion: Although radiology residency program websites have generally become more comprehensive over time, there is still room for improvement, especially in times of virtual interviews when residency applicants are becoming more and more reliant on program websites to gain essential information about a program. Some key areas to include are diversity and inclusion initiatives, resident wellness, applicant information, program benefits, and showcase of people in the program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This article characterizes the resources used by ophthalmology residency applicants when deciding where to apply, interview, and rank. Design Cross-sectional, online survey. Participants All applicants to the University of California–San Francisco ophthalmology residency program during the 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021 application cycles. Methods A secure, anonymous, 19-item post-match questionnaire was distributed to participants inquiring about demographic information, match outcomes, and resources used to learn and make decisions about residency programs. Results were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Main Outcome Measures Qualitative ranking of resources used to decide where to apply, interview, and rank. Results One hundred thirty-six of 870 solicited applicants responded to the questionnaire, for a response rate of 15.6%. Digital platforms were ranked as more important resources than people (i.e., faculty, career advisors, residents, and program directors) when applicants were deciding where to apply and interview. Digital platforms became far less important when applicants were formulating their rank lists, at which time the program's academic reputation, perceived happiness of residents and faculty, interview experience, and geographic location were more important. When learning about residency programs, 100% of respondents engaged with program Web sites, and the majority engaged with program emails (n=88 [85.4%]), Doximity (n=82 [79.6%]), Reddit (n=64 [62.1%]), Instagram (n=59 [57.3%]), the FREIDA residency program database (n=55 [53.4%]), and YouTube (n=53 [51.5%]). All 13 digital platforms included in the survey were utilized by at least 25% of respondents, largely passively (i.e., reading rather than producing content). Respondents indicated that the most important topics to include on program Web sites were the number of residents accepted per year, current resident profiles, and resident alumni job/fellowship placement. Conclusion Applicants engage heavily with digital media in deciding where to apply and interview but rely heavily on their personal experiences with the program in deciding where to rank. Ophthalmology programs may facilitate recruitment of applicants by optimizing their digital media platforms.

Application to dermatology residency is a highlycompetitive process. Although factors associatedwith successfully matching have been studied,less is known regarding the ability of admissionscommittees to screen applicants in a uniformmanner or the importance of the interview in rankingapplicants. Our goal was to retrospectively measureour admission committee evaluators’ concordanceregarding residency application credentials andinterview performance, and ultimately the effects onfinal applicant ranking.

A brief overview of the modern system of secondary special and higher education in the Russian Federation has been given. The problem of competitiveness of educational institutions in the Russian Federation and the world in General has been raised. Statistical data conducted at the end of 2019 questionnaires among the students of the Department of Advertising and Public Relations the State University of Management (Moscow) and students of the Faculty of Advertising and Internet Communications, the International College of Arts and Communications (Moscow).The influence of several factors on the choice by learners of studying educational institutions has been explored, key factors for choice has been highlighted. The opinions of students in terms of the applicability of disciplines in their future profession, assessment of students of the faculty of the institution, the relevance of the cost of education quality and prospects for future employment in the profession after graduation have been analysed.According to the results of the survey, answers were given to such questions as: how do applicants themselves choose an educational program – their future profession? How do they perceive the educational service provided to them by the educational institution? How do applicants who have already become students evaluate their choice of educational institution, the quality of educational service and prospects for their future employment? What is necessary for the formation of demand for educational service?Based on the conducted sociological research, conclusions regarding the choice of educational institution by applicants have been made. The authors’ recommendations to educational institutions to attract applicants and increase their competitiveness in the market of educational services are given.

Objective: First-generation college students (FGCSs) comprise a large demographic of health professions programs. Although FGCSs in pharmacy education have been studied, robust data describing FGCSs who pursue a Doctor of Pharmacy degree are sparse. The objective of this study was to describe the FGCS applicant population within pharmacy education from 2017 to 2023 and compare them with continuing-generation college student (CGCS) applicants., Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using national Doctor of Pharmacy application data from the Pharmacy College Application Service between 2017 and 2023., Results: Of the 83,446 applicants, 26% identified as an FGCS, with analysis demonstrating the breadth of differences between FGCS and CGCS. FGCSs were found to be older, more likely of minority status, and more likely to come from disadvantaged backgrounds. FGCSs also submitted a greater number of applications per student, were less likely to matriculate, and were more likely to be denied by at least 1 program., Conclusion: Important differences between FGCSs and CGCSs in the pharmacy school applicant pool were identified. These differences highlight the importance of studying recruitment strategies and support programs for FGCS pharmacy applicants, strategies to increase completed applications, and decrease melt in FGCSs once they are accepted into programs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None declared., (Copyright © 2024 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The article analyzes the role of digital technologies in the educational process. It is determined that digital technologies allow to focus the educational process not only on meeting the requirements of professional and educational standards, but on the formation of professional culture of the future specialist, the desire for continuous self-improvement through information services and technologies.

Introduction. Security must be ensured in various spheres of socially significant activity. As criminal proceedings are one of the most important activities of the state, the issue of ensuring the safety of participants in criminal proceedings becomes particularly relevant. The term "security of participants in criminal proceedings" is not an abstract concept, as security must be provided to specific persons involved in criminal proceedings, and if there are real grounds for doing so. Summary of the main research results. The need to ensure the safety of participants in criminal proceedings in Ukraine arose not so long ago as some other criminal procedural institutions (for example, the Institute for the Protection of Suspects and Accused). Many procedural scholars have dealt with this issue. It is proposed to expand the provisions on ensuring the safety of a person harmed by a crime and to specify that such security should be provided to a natural person who has suffered from a crime, regardless of his status as a victim, and to a representative of a legal entity in case of property damage. reputation of this legal entity. Conclusions. It should be noted that the vast majority of proposals developed and substantiated by criminal procedure science were requested by the legislator to form a system of security measures enshrined in the CPC of Ukraine. At the same time, a large number of issues related to the establishment of criminal security measures remain unresolved to this day. Ways to improve the current legislation of Ukraine are suggested.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the consistency of judicial practice as an essential element of the legal certainty principle in terms of the evaluative interpretation of par. 1 art. 6 ECHR devoted to the right to a fair trial in civil procedure. The author describes an algorithm which is used by the ECtHR in order to confirm the violation of the right to a fair trial because of the lack of the consistency of judicial practice at national level. In order to identify whether conflicting decisions in similar cases violate the principle of legal certainty in terms of the par. 1 art. 6 ECHR, ECtHR has to find out: a) whether “profound and long-standing divergences” in the case-law exist; b) whether domestic law provides for a mechanism capable of removing the judicial inconsistency; and c) whether this mechanism was applied and, if so, what its effects were. Different types of the inconsistency of judicial practice can be distinguished, for example, inconsistency in practice of lower courts, inconsistency in case-law of the highest court, inconsistency in case-law of different highest courts which are not subordinated to each other. Different standards should be applied for such kinds of divergence: the ECtHR doesn’t analyze the divergence of case-law in the level of lower court, because it’s the higher court which should fix this inconsistency, the main attention should be paid to the divergence of the highest courts. There are two main types of such divergence: a) inconsistency of the case-law of the one and only highest court; b) inconsistency in case-law of several courts which are not subordinated one to another. In first situation the ECtHR applies stricter standards according to which the highest court at the national level should guarantee the consistent interpretation of the law avoiding divergence of interpretation. Nevertheless, in the second situation the ECtHR follows less strict approach according to which inconsistency of case-law of several independent can be tolerated.

Introduction. This article presents the analysis of transformational changes in the Russian system of higher education. The authors aimed to develop a value-oriented model for the organization of educational activities. The concept of University 3.0 serves as a modern basis for ensuring the global competitiveness of national economies in the digital world. Materials and Methods. The methodological approaches of the study were systematic, comparative and problem-chronological methods. Results. The study expanded the understanding of the main stages of transformation in the higher education system in the Russian Federation. The results show that the destruction of the Soviet academic culture was accompanied by the destruction of the historical institutional balance. As a result, it became necessary to form new norms that define both the rules of interaction within the educational community and the place of this community in the overall social structure. The concept of Education 3.0 is designed to form these normative frameworks and ensure their interiorisation both in the pedagogical community and among students. It is revealed that in the modern Russian educational environment they are formed spontaneously, mainly due to the independent development of new technologies by students, while teachers continue to adhere to the previous educational concepts. Discussion and Conclusion. The practical significance of the study lies in the proposal of specific measures, the implementation of which will form the reputation of the University, attract additional investment, enhance its competitiveness both at the domestic and international level. The timeliness of the study lies in the fact that the analysis of the educational reform was carried out taking into account the needs of value-based management. The results of the study will be useful for the management of higher education institutions to reformulate development concepts, as well as for the executive authorities to further reform the educational system.

Objective This study attempts to use the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to analyze personality types among current and recent ophthalmology residents. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence rates of each specific personality type in ophthalmology, and whether these changed by level of training, training program, or fellowship selection. The study aimed to evaluate whether certain personality types are more prevalent in ophthalmology as a unique medical specialty. This can help understand specialty choice and potentially predict trends in specialty selection. Study Design After obtaining institutional review board approval from Howard University Hospital, an electronic version of the MBTI questionnaire, form M, was sent to participants. In addition to the questionnaire, participants responded to four questions inquiring about home program, postgraduate training level, subspecialty interest, and work environment (if applicable). The anonymous responses of the surveys were automatically scored on google forms, and the results were analyzed by using StatView statistical analysis. Setting This study was conducted at Howard University, Georgetown University, George Washington University, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, and Kresge Eye Institute. Participants A total of 66 current residents and recent graduates of five residency programs were involved in this study. Main Outcomes and Measures This study evaluated four-letter personality type from each participant. Results Ophthalmology residents were statistically more likely to be identified in the categories of extroversion (E) than introversion (I) (p = 0.049), thinking (T) than feeling (F) (p = 0.027), and judging (J) than perceiving (P) (p = 0.007), with no statistically significant difference between sensing (S) and intuition (N). ENTP, ESTJ, and ISTJ were the most common personality types, each comprising 13.6% of the sample population. The ratio of J:P was found to increase as training level increased, beginning with postgraduate 2nd year until graduate level. Conclusion Certain personality types are more common among ophthalmology residents in our cohort from five different training programs. It is possible that individual types change over the course of residency training and career. Understanding that these findings exist can be used as a baseline for future research in terms of potential predictors for applicants, of resident knowledge base, and personality changes over the course of one's training.