Author: "Appel, K." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Definitions and symptoms of the post-COVID syndrome: an updated systematic umbrella review

Author: Gutzeit, Julian, Weiß, M., Nürnberger, C., Lemhöfer, C., Appel, K. S., Pracht, E., Reese, J.-P., Lehmann, C., Polidori, M. C., Hein, G., and Deckert, J.
Published: 2024
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2. Phase transition kinetics of superionic H2O ice phases revealed by Megahertz X-ray free-electron laser-heating experiments

Author: Husband, R. J., Liermann, H. P., McHardy, J. D., McWilliams, R. S., Goncharov, A. F., Prakapenka, V. B., Edmund, E., Chariton, S., Konôpková, Z., Strohm, C., Sanchez-Valle, C., Frost, M., Andriambariarijaona, L., Appel, K., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Briggs, R., Buchen, J., Cerantola, V., Choi, J., Coleman, A. L., Cynn, H., Dwivedi, A., Graafsma, H., Hwang, H., Koemets, E., Laurus, T., Lee, Y., Li, X., Marquardt, H., Mondal, A., Nakatsutsumi, M., Ninet, S., Pace, E., Pepin, C., Prescher, C., Stern, S., Sztuk-Dambietz, J., Zastrau, U., and McMahon, M. I.
Published: 2024
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3. Measurement bias in self-heating x-ray free electron laser experiments from diffraction studies of phase transformation in titanium.

Author: Ball, O. B., Husband, R. J., McHardy, J. D., McMahon, M. I., Strohm, C., Konôpková, Z., Appel, K., Cerantola, V., Coleman, A. L., Cynn, H., Dwivedi, A., Goncharov, A. F., Graafsma, H., Huston, L. Q., Hwang, H., Kaa, J., Kim, J.-Y., Koemets, E., Laurus, T., and Li, X.
Subjects: TEMPERATURE distribution, FINITE element method, PHASE transitions, TEMPERATURE effect, X-ray diffraction, FREE electron lasers
Abstract: X-ray self-heating is a common by-product of X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) techniques that can affect targets, optics, and other irradiated materials. Diagnosis of heating and induced changes in samples may be performed using the x-ray beam itself as a probe. However, the relationship between conditions created by and inferred from x-ray irradiation is unclear and may be highly dependent on the material system under consideration. Here, we report on a simple case study of a titanium foil irradiated, heated, and probed by a MHz XFEL pulse train at 18.1 keV delivered by the European XFEL using measured x-ray diffraction to determine temperature and finite element analysis to interpret the experimental data. We find a complex relationship between apparent temperatures and sample temperature distributions that must be accounted for to adequately interpret the data, including beam averaging effects, multivalued temperatures due to sample phase transitions, and jumps and gaps in the observable temperature near phase transformations. The results have implications for studies employing x-ray probing of systems with large temperature gradients, particularly where these gradients are produced by the beam itself. Finally, this study shows the potential complexity of studying nonlinear sample behavior, such as phase transformations, where biasing effects of temperature gradients can become paramount, precluding clear observation of true transformation conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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4. Novel experimental setup for megahertz X‐ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument of the European X‐ray Free‐Electron Laser (EuXFEL)

Author: Liermann, HP, Konôpková, Z, Appel, K, Prescher, C, Schropp, A, Cerantola, V, Husband, RJ, McHardy, JD, McMahon, MI, McWilliams, RS, Pépin, CM, Mainberger, J, Roeper, M, Berghäuser, A, Damker, H, Talkovski, P, Foese, M, Kujala, N, Ball, OB, Baron, MA, Briggs, R, Bykov, M, Bykova, E, Chantel, J, Coleman, AL, Cynn, H, Dattelbaum, D, Dresselhaus-Marais, LE, Eggert, JH, Ehm, L, Evans, WJ, Fiquet, G, Frost, M, Glazyrin, K, Goncharov, AF, Hwang, H, Jenei, Zs, Kim, J-Y, Langenhorst, F, Lee, Y, Makita, M, Marquardt, H, McBride, EE, Merkel, S, Morard, G, O'Bannon, EF, Otzen, C, Pace, EJ, Pelka, A, Pigott, JS, Prakapenka, VB, Redmer, R, Sanchez-Valle, C, Schoelmerich, M, Speziale, S, Spiekermann, G, Sturtevant, BT, Toleikis, S, Velisavljevic, N, Wilke, M, Yoo, C-S, Baehtz, C, Zastrau, U, and Strohm, C
Subjects: diamond anvil cells, X-ray free-electron lasers, high-precision X-ray diffraction, finite element modeling, Condensed Matter Physics, Optical Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Biophysics
Abstract: The high-precision X-ray diffraction setup for work with diamond anvil cells (DACs) in interaction chamber 2 (IC2) of the High Energy Density instrument of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is described. This includes beamline optics, sample positioning and detector systems located in the multipurpose vacuum chamber. Concepts for pump-probe X-ray diffraction experiments in the DAC are described and their implementation demonstrated during the First User Community Assisted Commissioning experiment. X-ray heating and diffraction of Bi under pressure, obtained using 20 fs X-ray pulses at 17.8 keV and 2.2 MHz repetition, is illustrated through splitting of diffraction peaks, and interpreted employing finite element modeling of the sample chamber in the DAC.
Published: 2021

5. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author: Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., McMahon, M. I., Gorman, M, Mcgonegle, D, Smith, R, Singh, S, Jenkins, T, Mcwilliams, R, Albertazzi, B, Ali, S, Antonelli, L, Armstrong, M, Baehtz, C, Ball, O, Banerjee, S, Belonoshko, A, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A, Bolme, C, Bouffetier, V, Briggs, R, Buakor, K, Butcher, T, Di Dio Cafiso, S, Cerantola, V, Chantel, J, Di Cicco, A, Clarke, S, Coleman, A, Collier, J, Collins, G, Comley, A, Coppari, F, Cowan, T, Cristoforetti, G, Cynn, H, Descamps, A, Dorchies, F, Duff, M, Dwivedi, A, Edwards, C, Eggert, J, Errandonea, D, Fiquet, G, Galtier, E, Laso Garcia, A, Ginestet, H, Gizzi, L, Gleason, A, Goede, S, Gonzalez, J, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Heighway, P, Hernandez-Gomez, C, Higginbotham, A, Höppner, H, Husband, R, Hutchinson, T, Hwang, H, Lazicki, A, Keen, D, Kim, J, Koester, P, Konopkova, Z, Kraus, D, Krygier, A, Labate, L, Lee, Y, Liermann, H, Mason, P, Masruri, M, Massani, B, Mcbride, E, Mcguire, C, Mchardy, J, Merkel, S, Morard, G, Nagler, B, Nakatsutsumi, M, Nguyen-Cong, K, Norton, A, Oleynik, I, Otzen, C, Ozaki, N, Pandolfi, S, Peake, D, Pelka, A, Pereira, K, Phillips, J, Prescher, C, Preston, T, Randolph, L, Ranjan, D, Ravasio, A, Redmer, R, Rips, J, Santamaria-Perez, D, Savage, D, Schoelmerich, M, Schwinkendorf, J, Smith, J, Sollier, A, Spear, J, Spindloe, C, Stevenson, M, Strohm, C, Suer, T, Tang, M, Toncian, M, Toncian, T, Tracy, S, Trapananti, A, Tschentscher, T, Tyldesley, M, Vennari, C, Vinci, T, Vogel, S, Volz, T, Vorberger, J, Walsh, J, Wark, J, Willman, J, Wollenweber, L, Zastrau, U, Brambrink, E, Appel, K, Mcmahon, M, Gorman, M. G., McGonegle, D., Smith, R. F., Singh, S., Jenkins, T., McWilliams, R. S., Albertazzi, B., Ali, S. J., Antonelli, L., Armstrong, M. R., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Banerjee, S., Belonoshko, A. B., Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., Bolme, C. A., Bouffetier, V., Briggs, R., Buakor, K., Butcher, T., Di Dio Cafiso, S., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Di Cicco, A., Clarke, S., Coleman, A. L., Collier, J., Collins, G. W., Comley, A. J., Coppari, F., Cowan, T. E., Cristoforetti, G., Cynn, H., Descamps, A., Dorchies, F., Duff, M. J., Dwivedi, A., Edwards, C., Eggert, J. H., Errandonea, D., Fiquet, G., Galtier, E., Laso Garcia, A., Ginestet, H., Gizzi, L., Gleason, A., Goede, S., Gonzalez, J. M., Harmand, M., Hartley, N. J., Heighway, P. G., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Higginbotham, A., Höppner, H., Husband, R. J., Hutchinson, T. M., Hwang, H., Lazicki, A. E., Keen, D. A., Kim, J., Koester, P., Konopkova, Z., Kraus, D., Krygier, A., Labate, L., Lee, Y., Liermann, H. -P., Mason, P., Masruri, M., Massani, B., McBride, E. E., McGuire, C., McHardy, J. D., Merkel, S., Morard, G., Nagler, B., Nakatsutsumi, M., Nguyen-Cong, K., Norton, A. -M., Oleynik, I. I., Otzen, C., Ozaki, N., Pandolfi, S., Peake, D. J., Pelka, A., Pereira, K. A., Phillips, J. P., Prescher, C., Preston, T. R., Randolph, L., Ranjan, D., Ravasio, A., Redmer, R., Rips, J., Santamaria-Perez, D., Savage, D. J., Schoelmerich, M., Schwinkendorf, J. -P., Smith, J., Sollier, A., Spear, J., Spindloe, C., Stevenson, M., Strohm, C., Suer, T. -A., Tang, M., Toncian, M., Toncian, T., Tracy, S. J., Trapananti, A., Tschentscher, T., Tyldesley, M., Vennari, C. E., Vinci, T., Vogel, S. C., Volz, T. J., Vorberger, J., Walsh, J. P. S., Wark, J. S., Willman, J. T., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., Brambrink, E., Appel, K., and McMahon, M. I.
Abstract: X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources coupled to high-power laser systems offer an avenue to study the structural dynamics of materials at extreme pressures and temperatures. The recent commissioning of the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density (HED) instrument at the European XFEL represents the state-of-the-art in combining x-ray diffraction with laser compression, allowing for compressed materials to be probed in unprecedented detail. Here, we report quantitative structural measurements of molten Sn compressed to 85(5) GPa and ∼ 3500 K. The capabilities of the HED instrument enable liquid density measurements with an uncertainty of ∼ 1 % at conditions which are extremely challenging to reach via static compression methods. We discuss best practices for conducting liquid diffraction dynamic compression experiments and the necessary intensity corrections which allow for accurate quantitative analysis. We also provide a polyimide ablation pressure vs input laser energy for the DiPOLE 100-X drive laser which will serve future users of the HED instrument.
Published: 2024

6. Diagnostic Analysis of CMAQ Dry Deposition Fields in the Context of AQMEII4

Author: Hogrefe, Christian, Bash, Jesse, Pleim, Jonathan, Schwede, Donna, Gilliam, Robert, Foley, Kristen, Appel, K. Wyat, Mathur, Rohit, Mensink, Clemens, editor, and Jorba, Oriol, editor
Published: 2022
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7. Thermomechanical response of thickly tamped targets and diamond anvil cells under pulsed hard x-ray irradiation

Author: Meza-Galvez, J., Gomez-Perez, N., Marshall, A., Coleman, A. L., Appel, K., Liermann, H. P., McMahon, M. I., Konopkova, Z., and McWilliams, R. S.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: In the laboratory study of extreme conditions of temperature and density, the exposure of matter to high intensity radiation sources has been of central importance. Here we interrogate the performance of multi-layered targets in experiments involving high intensity, hard x-ray irradiation, motivated by the advent of extremely high brightness hard x-ray sources, such as free electron lasers and 4th-generation synchrotron facilities. Intense hard x-ray beams can deliver significant energy in targets having thick x-ray transparent layers (tampers) around samples of interest, for the study of novel states of matter and materials' dynamics. Heated-state lifetimes in such targets can approach the microsecond level, regardless of radiation pulse duration, enabling the exploration of conditions of local thermal and thermodynamic equilibrium at extreme temperature in solid density matter. The thermal and mechanical response of such thick layered targets following x-ray heating, including hydrodynamic relaxation and heat flow on picosecond to millisecond timescales, is modelled using radiation hydrocode simulation, finite element analysis, and thermodynamic calculations. Assessing the potential for target survival over one or more exposures, and resistance to damage arising from heating and resulting mechanical stresses, this study doubles as an investigation into the performance of diamond-anvil high pressure cells under high x-ray fluences. Long used in conjunction with synchrotron x-ray radiation and high power optical lasers, the strong confinement afforded by such cells suggests novel applications at emerging high intensity x-ray facilities and new routes to studying thermodynamic equilibrium states of warm, very dense matter.
Published: 2018
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8. Setup for meV-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering measurements at the Matter in Extreme Conditions Endstation at the LCLS

Author: McBride, E. E., White, T. G., Descamps, A., Fletcher, L. B., Appel, K., Condamine, F., Curry, C. B., Dallari, F., Funk, S., Galtier, E., Gauthier, M., Goede, S., Kim, J. B., Lee, H. J., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Oliver, M., Rigby, A., Schoenwaelder, C., Sun, P., Tschentscher, Th., Witte, B. B. L., Zastrau, U., Gregori, G., Nagler, B., Hastings, J., Glenzer, S. H., and Monaco, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We describe a setup for performing inelastic X-ray scattering measurements at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). This technique is capable of performing high-, meV-resolution measurements of dynamic ion features in both crystalline and non-crystalline materials. A four-bounce silicon (533) monochromator was used in conjunction with three silicon (533) diced crystal analyzers to provide an energy resolution of ~50 meV over a range of ~500 meV in single shot measurements. In addition to the instrument resolution function, we demonstrate the measurement of longitudinal acoustic phonon modes in polycrystalline diamond. Furthermore, this setup may be combined with the high intensity laser drivers available at MEC to create warm dense matter, and subsequently measure ion acoustic modes., Comment: Proceedings for High Temperature Plasma Diagnostics
Published: 2018
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9. Improving the particle dry deposition scheme in the CMAQ photochemical modeling system

Author: Shu, Qian, Murphy, Benjamin, Schwede, Donna, Henderson, Barron H., Pye, Havala O.T., Appel, K. Wyat, Khan, Tanvir R., and Perlinger, Judith A.
Published: 2022
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10. Phase transition kinetics of superionic H2O ice phases revealed by Megahertz X-ray free-electron laser-heating experiments.

Author: Husband, R. J., Liermann, H. P., McHardy, J. D., McWilliams, R. S., Goncharov, A. F., Prakapenka, V. B., Edmund, E., Chariton, S., Konôpková, Z., Strohm, C., Sanchez-Valle, C., Frost, M., Andriambariarijaona, L., Appel, K., Baehtz, C., Ball, O. B., Briggs, R., Buchen, J., Cerantola, V., and Choi, J.
Subjects: PHASE transitions, FACE centered cubic structure, ICE sheets, LASER pulses, HIGH temperatures, FREE electron lasers, FEMTOSECOND pulses
Abstract: H2O transforms to two forms of superionic (SI) ice at high pressures and temperatures, which contain highly mobile protons within a solid oxygen sublattice. Yet the stability field of both phases remains debated. Here, we present the results of an ultrafast X-ray heating study utilizing MHz pulse trains produced by the European X-ray Free Electron Laser to create high temperature states of H2O, which were probed using X-ray diffraction during dynamic cooling. We confirm an isostructural transition during heating in the 26-69 GPa range, consistent with the formation of SI-bcc. In contrast to prior work, SI-fcc was observed exclusively above ~50 GPa, despite evidence of melting at lower pressures. The absence of SI-fcc in lower pressure runs is attributed to short heating timescales and the pressure-temperature path induced by the pump-probe heating scheme in which H2O was heated above its melting temperature before the observation of quenched crystalline states, based on the earlier theoretical prediction that SI-bcc nucleates more readily from the fluid than SI-fcc. Our results may have implications for the stability of SI phases in ice-rich planets, for example during dynamic freezing, where the preferential crystallization of SI-bcc may result in distinct physical properties across mantle ice layers. The authors perform heating experiments using femtosecond X-ray free electron laser pulses to explore the phase stability of superionic H2O. The absence of a face-centered cubic phase below 50 GPa, where superionic ice forms from the melt, is attributed to the short heating time and may help understanding the stability of superionic phases in ice-rich planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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11. Evaluating Long-Term Ozone and PM2.5 Simulations Over the United States

Author: Hogrefe, Christian, Foley, K. M., Appel, K. W., Roselle, S., Schwede, D., Bash, J. O., Mathur, Rohit, Mensink, Clemens, editor, and Matthias, Volker, editor
Published: 2021
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12. Coupling of organic and inorganic aerosol systems and the effect on gas–particle partitioning in the southeastern US

Author: Pye, Havala OT, Zuend, Andreas, Fry, Juliane L, Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel, Capps, Shannon L, Appel, K Wyat, Foroutan, Hosein, Xu, Lu, Ng, Nga L, and Goldstein, Allen H
Subjects: Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Climate change science
Abstract: Several models were used to describe the partitioning of ammonia, water, and organic compounds between the gas and particle phases for conditions in the southeastern US during summer 2013. Existing equilibrium models and frameworks were found to be sufficient, although additional improvements in terms of estimating pure-species vapor pressures are needed. Thermodynamic model predictions were consistent, to first order, with a molar ratio of ammonium to sulfate of approximately 1.6 to 1.8 (ratio of ammonium to 2× sulfate, RN/2S ≈ 0.8 to 0.9) with approximately 70% of total ammonia and ammonium (NH x ) in the particle. Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Network (SEARCH) gas and aerosol and Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in Ambient air (MARGA) aerosol measurements were consistent with these conditions. CMAQv5.2 regional chemical transport model predictions did not reflect these conditions due to a factor of 3 overestimate of the nonvolatile cations. In addition, gas-phase ammonia was overestimated in the CMAQ model leading to an even lower fraction of total ammonia in the particle. Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) and aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements indicated less ammonium per sulfate than SEARCH and MARGA measurements and were inconsistent with thermodynamic model predictions. Organic compounds were predicted to be present to some extent in the same phase as inorganic constituents, modifying their activity and resulting in a decrease in [H+]air (H+ in μgm-3 air), increase in ammonia partitioning to the gas phase, and increase in pH compared to complete organic vs. inorganic liquid-liquid phase separation. In addition, accounting for nonideal mixing modified the pH such that a fully interactive inorganic-organic system had a pH roughly 0.7 units higher than predicted using traditional methods (pH = 1.5 vs. 0.7). Particle-phase interactions of organic and inorganic compounds were found to increase partitioning towards the particle phase (vs. gas phase) for highly oxygenated (O : C≥0.6) compounds including several isoprene-derived tracers as well as levoglu-cosan but decrease particle-phase partitioning for low O: C, monoterpene-derived species.
Published: 2018

13. Shock compression experiments using the DiPOLE 100-X laser on the high energy density instrument at the European x-ray free electron laser: Quantitative structural analysis of liquid Sn

Author: Gorman, M. G., primary, McGonegle, D., additional, Smith, R. F., additional, Singh, S., additional, Jenkins, T., additional, McWilliams, R. S., additional, Albertazzi, B., additional, Ali, S. J., additional, Antonelli, L., additional, Armstrong, M. R., additional, Baehtz, C., additional, Ball, O. B., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Belonoshko, A. B., additional, Benuzzi-Mounaix, A., additional, Bolme, C. A., additional, Bouffetier, V., additional, Briggs, R., additional, Buakor, K., additional, Butcher, T., additional, Di Dio Cafiso, S., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chantel, J., additional, Di Cicco, A., additional, Clarke, S., additional, Coleman, A. L., additional, Collier, J., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Comley, A. J., additional, Coppari, F., additional, Cowan, T. E., additional, Cristoforetti, G., additional, Cynn, H., additional, Descamps, A., additional, Dorchies, F., additional, Duff, M. J., additional, Dwivedi, A., additional, Edwards, C., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Errandonea, D., additional, Fiquet, G., additional, Galtier, E., additional, Laso Garcia, A., additional, Ginestet, H., additional, Gizzi, L., additional, Gleason, A., additional, Goede, S., additional, Gonzalez, J. M., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Heighway, P. G., additional, Hernandez-Gomez, C., additional, Higginbotham, A., additional, Höppner, H., additional, Husband, R. J., additional, Hutchinson, T. M., additional, Hwang, H., additional, Lazicki, A. E., additional, Keen, D. A., additional, Kim, J., additional, Koester, P., additional, Konopkova, Z., additional, Kraus, D., additional, Krygier, A., additional, Labate, L., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Liermann, H.-P., additional, Mason, P., additional, Masruri, M., additional, Massani, B., additional, McBride, E. E., additional, McGuire, C., additional, McHardy, J. D., additional, Merkel, S., additional, Morard, G., additional, Nagler, B., additional, Nakatsutsumi, M., additional, Nguyen-Cong, K., additional, Norton, A.-M., additional, Oleynik, I. I., additional, Otzen, C., additional, Ozaki, N., additional, Pandolfi, S., additional, Peake, D. J., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Pereira, K. A., additional, Phillips, J. P., additional, Prescher, C., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Randolph, L., additional, Ranjan, D., additional, Ravasio, A., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Rips, J., additional, Santamaria-Perez, D., additional, Savage, D. J., additional, Schoelmerich, M., additional, Schwinkendorf, J.-P., additional, Smith, J., additional, Sollier, A., additional, Spear, J., additional, Spindloe, C., additional, Stevenson, M., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Suer, T.-A., additional, Tang, M., additional, Toncian, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Tracy, S. J., additional, Trapananti, A., additional, Tschentscher, T., additional, Tyldesley, M., additional, Vennari, C. E., additional, Vinci, T., additional, Vogel, S. C., additional, Volz, T. J., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, Walsh, J. P. S., additional, Wark, J. S., additional, Willman, J. T., additional, Wollenweber, L., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Appel, K., additional, and McMahon, M. I., additional
Published: 2024
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14. Dynamic optical spectroscopy and pyrometry of static targets under optical and x-ray laser heating at the European XFEL.

Author: Ball, O. B., Prescher, C., Appel, K., Baehtz, C., Baron, M. A., Briggs, R., Cerantola, V., Chantel, J., Chariton, S., Coleman, A. L., Cynn, H., Damker, H., Dattelbaum, D., Dresselhaus-Marais, L. E., Eggert, J. H., Ehm, L., Evans, W. J., Fiquet, G., Frost, M., and Glazyrin, K.
Subjects: DIAMOND anvil cell, OPTICAL spectroscopy, X-ray lasers, OPTICAL measurements, FREE electron lasers, PYROMETRY, BACKGROUND radiation
Abstract: Experiments accessing extreme conditions at x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) involve rapidly evolving conditions of temperature. Here, we report time-resolved, direct measurements of temperature using spectral streaked optical pyrometry of x-ray and optical laser-heated states at the High Energy Density instrument of the European XFEL. This collection of typical experiments, coupled with numerical models, outlines the reliability, precision, and meaning of time dependent temperature measurements using optical emission at XFEL sources. Dynamic temperatures above 1500 K are measured continuously from spectrally- and temporally-resolved thermal emission at 450–850 nm, with time resolution down to 10–100 ns for 1–200 μ s streak camera windows, using single shot and integrated modes. Targets include zero-pressure foils free-standing in air and in vacuo, and high-pressure samples compressed in diamond anvil cell multi-layer targets. Radiation sources used are 20-fs hard x-ray laser pulses at 17.8 keV, in single pulses or 2.26 MHz pulse trains of up to 30 pulses, and 250-ns infrared laser single pulses. A range of further possibilities for optical measurements of visible light in x-ray laser experiments using streak optical spectroscopy are also explored, including for the study of x-ray induced optical fluorescence, which often appears as background in thermal radiation measurements. We establish several scenarios where combined emissions from multiple sources are observed and discuss their interpretation. Challenges posed by using x-ray lasers as non-invasive probes of the sample state are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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15. Diagnostic Analysis of CMAQ Dry Deposition Fields in the Context of AQMEII4

Author: Hogrefe, Christian, primary, Bash, Jesse, additional, Pleim, Jonathan, additional, Schwede, Donna, additional, Gilliam, Robert, additional, Foley, Kristen, additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, and Mathur, Rohit, additional
Published: 2022
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16. On the implications of aerosol liquid water and phase separation for organic aerosol mass.

Author: Pye, Havala OT, Murphy, Benjamin N, Xu, Lu, Ng, Nga L, Carlton, Annmarie G, Guo, Hongyu, Weber, Rodney, Vasilakos, Petros, Appel, K Wyat, Budisulistiorini, Sri Hapsari, Surratt, Jason D, Nenes, Athanasios, Hu, Weiwei, Jimenez, Jose L, Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel, Misztal, Pawel K, and Goldstein, Allen H
Subjects: Climate Action, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract: Organic compounds and liquid water are major aerosol constituents in the southeast United States (SE US). Water associated with inorganic constituents (inorganic water) can contribute to the partitioning medium for organic aerosol when relative humidities or organic matter to organic carbon (OM/OC) ratios are high such that separation relative humidities (SRH) are below the ambient relative humidity (RH). As OM/OC ratios in the SE US are often between 1.8 and 2.2, organic aerosol experiences both mixing with inorganic water and separation from it. Regional chemical transport model simulations including inorganic water (but excluding water uptake by organic compounds) in the partitioning medium for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) when RH > SRH led to increased SOA concentrations,· particularly at night. Water uptake to the organic phase resulted in even greater SOA concentrations as a result of a positive feedback in which water uptake increased SOA, which further increased aerosol water and organic aerosol. Aerosol properties· such as the OM/OC and hygroscopicity parameter (κorg), were captured well by the model compared with measurements during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) 2013. Organic nitrates from monoterpene oxidation were predicted to be the least water-soluble semivolatile species in the model, but most biogenically derived semivolatile species in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model were highly water soluble and expected to contribute to water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Organic aerosol and SOA precursors were abundant at night, but additional improvements in daytime organic aerosol are needed to close the model-measurement gap. When taking into account deviations from ideality, including both inorganic (when RH > SRH) and organic water in the organic partitioning medium reduced the mean bias in SOA for routine monitoring networks and improved model performance compared to observations from SOAS. Property updates from this work will be released in CMAQ v5.2.
Published: 2017

17. Ultrahigh Resolution X-ray Thomson Scattering Measurements of Electronic Structures

Author: (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., Humphries, O. S., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bouffetier, V., Brambrink, E., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., Göde, S., Konôpková, Z., Makita, M., Mishchenko, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Randolph, L., (0000-0002-4561-0158) Schwalbe, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., Preston, T. R., (0000-0001-9998-3606) Gawne, T. D., (0000-0002-9725-9208) Moldabekov, Z., Humphries, O. S., Appel, K., Bähtz, C., Bouffetier, V., Brambrink, E., (0000-0001-9162-262X) Cangi, A., Göde, S., Konôpková, Z., Makita, M., Mishchenko, M., Nakatsutsumi, M., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., Randolph, L., (0000-0002-4561-0158) Schwalbe, S., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., Wollenweber, L., Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-7293-6615) Dornheim, T., and Preston, T. R.
Abstract: Using a novel ultrahigh resolution (\Delta E ~ 0.1eV) setup to measure electronic features in x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) experiments at the European XFEL in Germany, we have studied the collective plasmon excitation in aluminium at ambient conditions, which we can measure very accurately even at low momentum transfers. As a result, we can resolve previously reported discrepancies between ab initio time-dependent density functional theory simulations and experimental observations. The demonstrated capability for high-resolution XRTS measurements will be a game changer for the diagnosis of experiments with matter under extreme densities, temperatures, and pressures, and unlock the full potential of state-of-the-art x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities to study planetary interior conditions, to understand inertial confinement fusion applications, and for material science and discovery.
Published: 2024

18. Inducing signal-verified lucid dreams in 40% of untrained novice lucid dreamers within two nights in a sleep laboratory setting

Author: Appel, K., Füllhase, S., Kern, S., Kleinschmidt, A., Laukemper, A., Lüth, K., Steinmetz, L., and Vogelsang, L.
Published: 2020
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19. Secondary organic aerosol association with cardiorespiratory disease mortality in the United States

Author: Pye, Havala O. T., Ward-Caviness, Cavin K., Murphy, Ben N., Appel, K. Wyat, and Seltzer, Karl M.
Published: 2021
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20. A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator

Author: Decking, W., Abeghyan, S., Abramian, P., Abramsky, A., Aguirre, A., Albrecht, C., Alou, P., Altarelli, M., Altmann, P., Amyan, K., Anashin, V., Apostolov, E., Appel, K., Auguste, D., Ayvazyan, V., Baark, S., Babies, F., Baboi, N., Bak, P., Balandin, V., Baldinger, R., Baranasic, B., Barbanotti, S., Belikov, O., Belokurov, V., Belova, L., Belyakov, V., Berry, S., Bertucci, M., Beutner, B., Block, A., Blöcher, M., Böckmann, T., Bohm, C., Böhnert, M., Bondar, V., Bondarchuk, E., Bonezzi, M., Borowiec, P., Bösch, C., Bösenberg, U., Bosotti, A., Böspflug, R., Bousonville, M., Boyd, E., Bozhko, Y., Brand, A., Branlard, J., Briechle, S., Brinker, F., Brinker, S., Brinkmann, R., Brockhauser, S., Brovko, O., Brück, H., Brüdgam, A., Butkowski, L., Büttner, T., Calero, J., Castro-Carballo, E., Cattalanotto, G., Charrier, J., Chen, J., Cherepenko, A., Cheskidov, V., Chiodini, M., Chong, A., Choroba, S., Chorowski, M., Churanov, D., Cichalewski, W., Clausen, M., Clement, W., Cloué, C., Cobos, J. A., Coppola, N., Cunis, S., Czuba, K., Czwalinna, M., D’Almagne, B., Dammann, J., Danared, H., de Zubiaurre Wagner, A., Delfs, A., Delfs, T., Dietrich, F., Dietrich, T., Dohlus, M., Dommach, M., Donat, A., Dong, X., Doynikov, N., Dressel, M., Duda, M., Duda, P., Eckoldt, H., Ehsan, W., Eidam, J., Eints, F., Engling, C., Englisch, U., Ermakov, A., Escherich, K., Eschke, J., Saldin, E., Faesing, M., Fallou, A., Felber, M., Fenner, M., Fernandes, B., Fernández, J. M., Feuker, S., Filippakopoulos, K., Floettmann, K., Fogel, V., Fontaine, M., Francés, A., Martin, I. Freijo, Freund, W., Freyermuth, T., Friedland, M., Fröhlich, L., Fusetti, M., Fydrych, J., Gallas, A., García, O., Garcia-Tabares, L., Geloni, G., Gerasimova, N., Gerth, C., Geßler, P., Gharibyan, V., Gloor, M., Głowinkowski, J., Goessel, A., Gołębiewski, Z., Golubeva, N., Grabowski, W., Graeff, W., Grebentsov, A., Grecki, M., Grevsmuehl, T., Gross, M., Grosse-Wortmann, U., Grünert, J., Grunewald, S., Grzegory, P., Feng, G., Guler, H., Gusev, G., Gutierrez, J. L., Hagge, L., Hamberg, M., Hanneken, R., Harms, E., Hartl, I., Hauberg, A., Hauf, S., Hauschildt, J., Hauser, J., Havlicek, J., Hedqvist, A., Heidbrook, N., Hellberg, F., Henning, D., Hensler, O., Hermann, T., Hidvégi, A., Hierholzer, M., Hintz, H., Hoffmann, F., Hoffmann, Markus, Hoffmann, Matthias, Holler, Y., Hüning, M., Ignatenko, A., Ilchen, M., Iluk, A., Iversen, J., Iversen, J., Izquierdo, M., Jachmann, L., Jardon, N., Jastrow, U., Jensch, K., Jensen, J., Jeżabek, M., Jidda, M., Jin, H., Johansson, N., Jonas, R., Kaabi, W., Kaefer, D., Kammering, R., Kapitza, H., Karabekyan, S., Karstensen, S., Kasprzak, K., Katalev, V., Keese, D., Keil, B., Kholopov, M., Killenberger, M., Kitaev, B., Klimchenko, Y., Klos, R., Knebel, L., Koch, A., Koepke, M., Köhler, S., Köhler, W., Kohlstrunk, N., Konopkova, Z., Konstantinov, A., Kook, W., Koprek, W., Körfer, M., Korth, O., Kosarev, A., Kosiński, K., Kostin, D., Kot, Y., Kotarba, A., Kozak, T., Kozak, V., Kramert, R., Krasilnikov, M., Krasnov, A., Krause, B., Kravchuk, L., Krebs, O., Kretschmer, R., Kreutzkamp, J., Kröplin, O., Krzysik, K., Kube, G., Kuehn, H., Kujala, N., Kulikov, V., Kuzminych, V., La Civita, D., Lacroix, M., Lamb, T., Lancetov, A., Larsson, M., Le Pinvidic, D., Lederer, S., Lensch, T., Lenz, D., Leuschner, A., Levenhagen, F., Li, Y., Liebing, J., Lilje, L., Limberg, T., Lipka, D., List, B., Liu, J., Liu, S., Lorbeer, B., Lorkiewicz, J., Lu, H. H., Ludwig, F., Machau, K., Maciocha, W., Madec, C., Magueur, C., Maiano, C., Maksimova, I., Malcher, K., Maltezopoulos, T., Mamoshkina, E., Manschwetus, B., Marcellini, F., Marinkovic, G., Martinez, T., Martirosyan, H., Maschmann, W., Maslov, M., Matheisen, A., Mavric, U., Meißner, J., Meissner, K., Messerschmidt, M., Meyners, N., Michalski, G., Michelato, P., Mildner, N., Moe, M., Moglia, F., Mohr, C., Mohr, S., Möller, W., Mommerz, M., Monaco, L., Montiel, C., Moretti, M., Morozov, I., Morozov, P., Mross, D., Mueller, J., Müller, C., Müller, J., Müller, K., Munilla, J., Münnich, A., Muratov, V., Napoly, O., Näser, B., Nefedov, N., Neumann, Reinhard, Neumann, Rudolf, Ngada, N., Noelle, D., Obier, F., Okunev, I., Oliver, J. A., Omet, M., Oppelt, A., Ottmar, A., Oublaid, M., Pagani, C., Paparella, R., Paramonov, V., Peitzmann, C., Penning, J., Perus, A., Peters, F., Petersen, B., Petrov, A., Petrov, I., Pfeiffer, S., Pflüger, J., Philipp, S., Pienaud, Y., Pierini, P., Pivovarov, S., Planas, M., Pławski, E., Pohl, M., Polinski, J., Popov, V., Prat, S., Prenting, J., Priebe, G., Pryschelski, H., Przygoda, K., Pyata, E., Racky, B., Rathjen, A., Ratuschni, W., Regnaud-Campderros, S., Rehlich, K., Reschke, D., Robson, C., Roever, J., Roggli, M., Rothenburg, J., Rusiński, E., Rybaniec, R., Sahling, H., Salmani, M., Samoylova, L., Sanzone, D., Saretzki, F., Sawlanski, O., Schaffran, J., Schlarb, H., Schlösser, M., Schlott, V., Schmidt, C., Schmidt-Foehre, F., Schmitz, M., Schmökel, M., Schnautz, T., Schneidmiller, E., Scholz, M., Schöneburg, B., Schultze, J., Schulz, C., Schwarz, A., Sekutowicz, J., Sellmann, D., Semenov, E., Serkez, S., Sertore, D., Shehzad, N., Shemarykin, P., Shi, L., Sienkiewicz, M., Sikora, D., Sikorski, M., Silenzi, A., Simon, C., Singer, W., Singer, X., Sinn, H., Sinram, K., Skvorodnev, N., Smirnow, P., Sommer, T., Sorokin, A., Stadler, M., Steckel, M., Steffen, B., Steinhau-Kühl, N., Stephan, F., Stodulski, M., Stolper, M., Sulimov, A., Susen, R., Świerblewski, J., Sydlo, C., Syresin, E., Sytchev, V., Szuba, J., Tesch, N., Thie, J., Thiebault, A., Tiedtke, K., Tischhauser, D., Tolkiehn, J., Tomin, S., Tonisch, F., Toral, F., Torbin, I., Trapp, A., Treyer, D., Trowitzsch, G., Trublet, T., Tschentscher, T., Ullrich, F., Vannoni, M., Varela, P., Varghese, G., Vashchenko, G., Vasic, M., Vazquez-Velez, C., Verguet, A., Vilcins-Czvitkovits, S., Villanueva, R., Visentin, B., Viti, M., Vogel, E., Volobuev, E., Wagner, R., Walker, N., Wamsat, T., Weddig, H., Weichert, G., Weise, H., Wenndorf, R., Werner, M., Wichmann, R., Wiebers, C., Wiencek, M., Wilksen, T., Will, I., Winkelmann, L., Winkowski, M., Wittenburg, K., Witzig, A., Wlk, P., Wohlenberg, T., Wojciechowski, M., Wolff-Fabris, F., Wrochna, G., Wrona, K., Yakopov, M., Yang, B., Yang, F., Yurkov, M., Zagorodnov, I., Zalden, P., Zavadtsev, A., Zavadtsev, D., Zhirnov, A., Zhukov, A., Ziemann, V., Zolotov, A., Zolotukhina, N., Zummack, F., and Zybin, D.
Published: 2020
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21. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C-H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author: Ranjan, D, Ramakrishna, K, Voigt, K, Humphries, O, Heuser, B, Stevenson, M, Lütgert, J, He, Z, Qu, C, Schumacher, S, May, P, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Fletcher, L, Göde, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Zhang, M, Preston, T, Zastrau, U, Vorberger, J, Kraus, D, Ranjan D., Ramakrishna K., Voigt K., Humphries O. S., Heuser B., Stevenson M. G., Lütgert J., He Z., Qu C., Schumacher S., May P. T., Amouretti A., Appel K., Brambrink E., Cerantola V., Chekrygina D., Fletcher L. B., Göde S., Harmand M., Hartley N. J., Hau-Riege S. P., Makita M., Pelka A., Schuster A. K., Šmíd M., Toncian T., Zhang M., Preston T. R., Zastrau U., Vorberger J., Kraus D., Ranjan, D, Ramakrishna, K, Voigt, K, Humphries, O, Heuser, B, Stevenson, M, Lütgert, J, He, Z, Qu, C, Schumacher, S, May, P, Amouretti, A, Appel, K, Brambrink, E, Cerantola, V, Chekrygina, D, Fletcher, L, Göde, S, Harmand, M, Hartley, N, Hau-Riege, S, Makita, M, Pelka, A, Schuster, A, Šmíd, M, Toncian, T, Zhang, M, Preston, T, Zastrau, U, Vorberger, J, Kraus, D, Ranjan D., Ramakrishna K., Voigt K., Humphries O. S., Heuser B., Stevenson M. G., Lütgert J., He Z., Qu C., Schumacher S., May P. T., Amouretti A., Appel K., Brambrink E., Cerantola V., Chekrygina D., Fletcher L. B., Göde S., Harmand M., Hartley N. J., Hau-Riege S. P., Makita M., Pelka A., Schuster A. K., Šmíd M., Toncian T., Zhang M., Preston T. R., Zastrau U., Vorberger J., and Kraus D.
Abstract: The insulator-metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon-hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C-H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.
Published: 2023

22. Overview and Evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System Version 5.2

Author: Wyat Appel, K., Napelenok, Sergey, Hogrefe, Christian, Pouliot, George, Foley, Kristen M., Roselle, Shawn J., Pleim, Jonathan E., Bash, Jesse, Pye, Havala O.T., Heath, Nicholas, Murphy, Benjamin, Mathur, Rohit, Mensink, Clemens, editor, and Kallos, George, editor
Published: 2018
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23. Uncertainty analysis of Raman spectra for measuring ortho-parahydrogen compositions.

Author: Appel, K R and Leachman, J W
Published: 2024
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24. Disappearing day-of-week ozone patterns in US nonattainment areas

Author: Simon, Heather, primary, Hogrefe, Christian, additional, Whitehill, Andrew, additional, Foley, Kristen M., additional, Liljegren, Jennifer, additional, Possiel, Norm, additional, Wells, Benjamin, additional, Henderson, Barron H., additional, Valin, Lukas C., additional, Tonnesen, Gail, additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, and Koplitz, Shannon, additional
Published: 2023
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25. Supplementary material to "Disappearing day-of-week ozone patterns in US nonattainment areas"

Author: Simon, Heather, primary, Hogrefe, Christian, additional, Whitehill, Andrew, additional, Foley, Kristen M., additional, Liljegren, Jennifer, additional, Possiel, Norm, additional, Wells, Benjamin, additional, Henderson, Barron H., additional, Valin, Lukas C., additional, Tonnesen, Gail, additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, and Koplitz, Shannon, additional
Published: 2023
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26. Ascorbic acid enhances the inhibitory effect of aspirin on neuronal cyclooxygenase-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 production

Author: Candelario-Jalil, E., Akundi, R. S., Bhatia, H. S., Lieb, K., Appel, K., Munoz, E., Hull, M., and Fiebich, B. L.
Subjects: Quantitative Biology - Subcellular Processes, Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks
Abstract: In the present study, we show that ascorbic acid dose-dependently inhibited interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-mediated PGE2 synthesis in the human neuronal cell line, SK-N-SH. Furthermore, in combination with aspirin, ascorbic acid augmented the inhibitory effect of aspirin on PGE2 synthesis. However, ascorbic acid had no synergistic effect along with other COX inhibitors (SC-58125 and indomethacin). The inhibition of IL-1beta-mediated PGE2 synthesis by ascorbic acid was not due to the inhibition of the expression of COX-2 or microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES-1). Rather, ascorbic acid dose-dependently (0.1-100 microM) produced a significant reduction in IL-1beta-mediated production of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2alpha), a reliable indicator of free radical formation, suggesting that the effects of ascorbic acid on COX-2-mediated PGE2 biosynthesis may be the result of the maintenance of the neuronal redox status since COX activity is known to be enhanced by oxidative stress. Our results provide in vitro evidence that the neuroprotective effects of ascorbic acid may depend, at least in part, on its ability to reduce neuronal COX-2 activity and PGE2 synthesis, owing to its antioxidant properties. Further, these experiments suggest that a combination of aspirin with ascorbic acid constitutes a novel approach to render COX-2 more sensitive to inhibition by aspirin, allowing an anti-inflammatory therapy with lower doses of aspirin, thereby avoiding the side effects of the usually high dose aspirin treatment.
Published: 2007

27. Corrigendum to Zircon solubility and zirconium complexation in H2O+Na2O+SiO2±Al2O3 fluids at high pressure and temperature [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 349-350 (2012) 15-25]

Author: Wilke, M, Schmidt, C, Dubrail, J, Appel, K, Borchert, M, Kvashnina, K, and Manning, CE
Subjects: Geochemistry & Geophysics, Physical Sciences, Earth Sciences
Published: 2013

28. 2LARTH®, a micro-immunotherapy medicine, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and reduces TNF-α and IL-1β secretion

Author: Floris I, Appel K, Rose T, and Lejeune B
Subjects: Ultra-low doses, hormesis, chronic inflammation, rheumatic diseases, Pathology, RB1-214, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Ilaria Floris,1 Kurt Appel,2 Thorsten Rose,2 Beatrice Lejeune3 1Clinical Affairs, Labo’Life France, Moutiers-Sous-Chantemerle, France; 2VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH, Denzlingen, Germany; 3Clinical Affairs, Labo’Life Belgium, Gembloux, Belgium Background: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β are 2 pro-inflammatory cytokines known to be involved in rheumatic diseases. The therapeutic strategy used in micro-immunotherapy (MI) to reduce chronic inflammation and attenuate pain consists in mainly targeting these 2 cytokines. 2LARTH® is a sublingually administered medicine consisting of lactose-saccharose globules impregnated with ethanolic preparations of immune mediators and nucleic acids at ultra-low doses. Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore the effect of the MI medicine on TNF-α and IL-1β secretion in human primary enriched monocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods: Placebo and active globules were diluted in culture medium to test 5 lactose-saccharose globules concentrations (from 1.75 to 22 mM). Freshly isolated enriched monocytes from 6 healthy donors were treated with or without LPS (10 ng/mL), LPS+ placebo, or LPS+ 2LARTH® for 24 hours. IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 release were evaluated by ELISA. Results: The medicine has significantly decreased the level of IL-1β secretion compared with placebo at these concentrations: 22 mM (P
Published: 2018

29. Sensitivity of northeastern US surface ozone predictions to the representation of atmospheric chemistry in the Community Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Multiphase Mechanism (CRACMMv1.0)

Author: Place, Bryan K., primary, Hutzell, William T., additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, Farrell, Sara, additional, Valin, Lukas, additional, Murphy, Benjamin N., additional, Seltzer, Karl M., additional, Sarwar, Golam, additional, Allen, Christine, additional, Piletic, Ivan R., additional, D'Ambro, Emma L., additional, Saunders, Emily, additional, Simon, Heather, additional, Torres-Vasquez, Ana, additional, Pleim, Jonathan, additional, Schwantes, Rebecca H., additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Xu, Lu, additional, Stockwell, William R., additional, and Pye, Havala O. T., additional
Published: 2023
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30. An analysis of CMAQ gas-phase dry deposition over North America through grid-scale and land-use-specific diagnostics in the context of AQMEII4

Author: Hogrefe, Christian, primary, Bash, Jesse O., additional, Pleim, Jonathan E., additional, Schwede, Donna B., additional, Gilliam, Robert C., additional, Foley, Kristen M., additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, and Mathur, Rohit, additional
Published: 2023
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31. An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray free electron laser

Author: Descamps, A., Ofori-Okai, B. K., Appel, K., Cerantola, V., Comley, A., Eggert, J. H., Fletcher, L. B., Gericke, D. O., Göde, S., Humphries, O., Karnbach, O., Lazicki, A., Loetzsch, R., McGonegle, D., Palmer, C. A. J., Plueckthun, C., Preston, T. R., Redmer, R., Senesky, D. G., Strohm, C., Uschmann, I., White, T. G., Wollenweber, L., Monaco, G., Wark, J. S., Hastings, J. B., Zastrau, U., Gregori, G., Glenzer, S. H., and McBride, E. E.
Published: 2020
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32. Revisiting day-of-week ozone patterns in an era of evolving US air quality.

Author: Simon, Heather, Hogrefe, Christian, Whitehill, Andrew, Foley, Kristen M., Liljegren, Jennifer, Possiel, Norm, Wells, Benjamin, Henderson, Barron H., Valin, Lukas C., Tonnesen, Gail, Appel, K. Wyat, and Koplitz, Shannon
Subjects: AIR quality, OZONE, GREENHOUSE gases, TRAFFIC patterns, VOLATILE organic compounds, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, CITIES & towns
Abstract: Past work has shown that traffic patterns in the USA and resulting NO x emissions vary by day of week, with NO x emissions typically being higher on weekdays than weekends. This pattern of emissions leads to different levels of ozone on weekends versus weekdays and can be leveraged to understand how local ozone formation changes in response to NO x emission perturbations in different urban areas. Specifically, areas with lower NO x but higher ozone on the weekends (the weekend effect) can be characterized as NO x -saturated and areas with both lower NO x and ozone on weekends (the weekday effect) can be characterized as NO x -limited. In this analysis, we assess maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) ozone weekend–weekday differences across 51 USA nonattainment areas using 18 years of observed and modeled data from 2002–2019, using the following two metrics: mean MDA8 ozone and percentage of days with MDA8 ozone > 70 ppb (parts per billion). In addition, we quantify the modeled and observed trends in these weekend–weekday differences across this period of substantial NO x emission reductions in the USA. The model assessment is carried out using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Air QUAlity TimE Series Project (EQUATES) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model dataset. We identify three types of MDA8 ozone trends occurring across the USA, namely transitioning chemical regime, disappearing weekday effect, and no trend. The transitioning chemical regime trend occurs in a subset of large urban areas that were NO x -saturated (i.e., volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited) at the beginning of the analysis period but transitioned to mixed chemical regimes or NO x -limited conditions by the end of the analysis period. Nine areas have strong transitioning chemical regime trends using both modeled and observed data and with both metrics indicating strong agreement that they are shifting to more NO x -limited conditions: Milwaukee, Houston, Phoenix, Denver, the Northern Wasatch Front, the Southern Wasatch Front, Las Vegas, Los Angeles – San Bernardino County, Los Angeles – South Coast, and San Diego. The disappearing weekday effect was identified for multiple rural and agricultural areas of California which were NO x -limited for the entire analysis period but appear to become less influenced by local day-of-week emission patterns in more recent years. Finally, we discuss a variety of reasons why there are no trends in certain areas including complex impacts of heterogeneous source mixes and stochastic impacts of meteorology. Overall, this assessment finds that the EQUATES modeling simulations indicate more NO x -saturated conditions than the observations but do a good job of capturing year-to-year changes in weekend–weekday MDA8 ozone patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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33. An analysis of CMAQ gas-phase dry deposition over North America through grid-scale and land-use-specific diagnostics in the context of AQMEII4

Author: Hogrefe, Christian, Bash, Jesse O., Pleim, Jonathan E., Schwede, Donna B., Gilliam, Robert C., Foley, Kristen M., Appel, K. Wyat, and Mathur, Rohit
Abstract: The fourth phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII4) is conducting a diagnostic intercomparison and evaluation of deposition simulated by regional-scale air quality models over North America and Europe. In this study, we analyze annual AQMEII4 simulations performed with the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) version 5.3.1 over North America. These simulations were configured with both the M3Dry and Surface Tiled Aerosol and Gas Exchange (STAGE) dry deposition schemes available in CMAQ. A comparison of observed and modeled concentrations and wet deposition fluxes shows that the AQMEII4 CMAQ simulations perform similarly to other contemporary regional-scale modeling studies. During summer, M3Dry has higher ozone (O3) deposition velocities (Vd) and lower mixing ratios than STAGE for much of the eastern US, while the reverse is the case over eastern Canada and along the US West Coast. In contrast, during winter STAGE has higher O3 Vd and lower mixing ratios than M3Dry over most of the southern half of the modeling domain, while the reverse is the case for much of the northern US and southern Canada. Analysis of the diagnostic variables defined for the AQMEII4 project, i.e., grid-scale and land-use-specific effective conductances and deposition fluxes for the major dry deposition pathways, reveals generally higher summertime stomatal and wintertime cuticular grid-scale effective conductances for M3Dry and generally higher soil grid-scale effective conductances (for both vegetated and bare soil) for STAGE in both summer and winter. On a domain-wide basis, the stomatal grid-scale effective conductances account for about half of the total O3 Vd during daytime hours in summer for both schemes. Employing land-use-specific diagnostics, results show that daytime Vd varies by a factor of 2 between land use (LU) categories. Furthermore, M3Dry vs. STAGE differences are most pronounced for the stomatal and vegetated soil pathway for the forest LU categories, with M3Dry estimating larger effective conductances for the stomatal pathway and STAGE estimating larger effective conductances for the vegetated soil pathway for these LU categories. Annual domain total O3 deposition fluxes differ only slightly between M3Dry (74.4 Tg yr−1) and STAGE (76.2 Tg yr−1), but pathway-specific fluxes to individual LU types can vary more substantially on both annual and seasonal scales, which would affect estimates of O3 damage to sensitive vegetation. A comparison of two simulations differing only in their LU classification scheme shows that the differences in LU cause seasonal mean O3 mixing ratio differences on the order of 1 ppb across large portions of the domain, with the differences generally being largest during summer and in areas characterized by the largest differences in the fractional coverages of the forest, planted and cultivated, and grassland LU categories. These differences are generally smaller than the M3Dry vs. STAGE differences outside the summer season but have a similar magnitude during summer. Results indicate that the deposition impacts of LU differences are caused by differences in the fractional coverages and spatial distributions of different LU categories and the characterization of these categories through variables like surface roughness and vegetation fraction in lookup tables used in the land surface model and deposition schemes. Overall, the analyses and results presented in this study illustrate how the diagnostic grid-scale and LU-specific dry deposition variables adopted for AQMEII4 can provide insights into similarities and differences between the CMAQ M3Dry and STAGE dry deposition schemes that affect simulated pollutant budgets and ecosystem impacts from atmospheric pollution.
Published: 2023

34. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author: Ranjan, D., primary, Ramakrishna, K., additional, Voigt, K., additional, Humphries, O. S., additional, Heuser, B., additional, Stevenson, M. G., additional, Lütgert, J., additional, He, Z., additional, Qu, C., additional, Schumacher, S., additional, May, P. T., additional, Amouretti, A., additional, Appel, K., additional, Brambrink, E., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Chekrygina, D., additional, Fletcher, L. B., additional, Göde, S., additional, Harmand, M., additional, Hartley, N. J., additional, Hau-Riege, S. P., additional, Makita, M., additional, Pelka, A., additional, Schuster, A. K., additional, Šmíd, M., additional, Toncian, T., additional, Zhang, M., additional, Preston, T. R., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Vorberger, J., additional, and Kraus, D., additional
Published: 2023
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35. 2002–2017 anthropogenic emissions data for air quality modeling over the United States

Author: Foley, Kristen M., primary, Pouliot, George A., additional, Eyth, Alison, additional, Aldridge, Michael F., additional, Allen, Christine, additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, Bash, Jesse O., additional, Beardsley, Megan, additional, Beidler, James, additional, Choi, David, additional, Farkas, Caroline, additional, Gilliam, Robert C., additional, Godfrey, Janice, additional, Henderson, Barron H., additional, Hogrefe, Christian, additional, Koplitz, Shannon N., additional, Mason, Rich, additional, Mathur, Rohit, additional, Misenis, Chris, additional, Possiel, Norm, additional, Pye, Havala O.T., additional, Reynolds, Lara, additional, Roark, Matthew, additional, Roberts, Sarah, additional, Schwede, Donna B., additional, Seltzer, Karl M., additional, Sonntag, Darrell, additional, Talgo, Kevin, additional, Toro, Claudia, additional, Vukovich, Jeff, additional, Xing, Jia, additional, and Adams, Elizabeth, additional
Published: 2023
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36. Sensitivity of Northeast U.S. surface ozone predictions to the representation of atmospheric chemistry in CRACMMv1.0

Author: Place, Bryan K., primary, Hutzell, William T., additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, Farrell, Sara, additional, Valin, Lukas, additional, Murphy, Benjamin N., additional, Seltzer, Karl M., additional, Sarwar, Golam, additional, Allen, Christine, additional, Piletic, Ivan R., additional, D'Ambro, Emma L., additional, Saunders, Emily, additional, Simon, Heather, additional, Torres-Vasquez, Ana, additional, Pleim, Jonathan, additional, Schwantes, Rebecca H., additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Xu, Lu, additional, Stockwell, William R., additional, and Pye, Havala O. T., additional
Published: 2023
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37. Supplementary material to "Sensitivity of Northeast U.S. surface ozone predictions to the representation of atmospheric chemistry in CRACMMv1.0"

Author: Place, Bryan K., primary, Hutzell, William T., additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, Farrell, Sara, additional, Valin, Lukas, additional, Murphy, Benjamin N., additional, Seltzer, Karl M., additional, Sarwar, Golam, additional, Allen, Christine, additional, Piletic, Ivan R., additional, D'Ambro, Emma L., additional, Saunders, Emily, additional, Simon, Heather, additional, Torres-Vasquez, Ana, additional, Pleim, Jonathan, additional, Schwantes, Rebecca H., additional, Coggon, Matthew M., additional, Xu, Lu, additional, Stockwell, William R., additional, and Pye, Havala O. T., additional
Published: 2023
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38. MHz free electron laser x-ray diffraction and modeling of pulsed laser heated diamond anvil cell

Author: Jaisle, N, Cebron, D, Konopkova, Z, Husband, R, Prescher, C, Cerantola, V, Dwivedi, A, Kaa, J, Appel, K, Buakor, K, Ball, O, Mcwilliams, R, Strohm, C, Nakatsutsumi, M, Zastrau, U, Baehtz, C, Baron, M, Edmund, E, Biswas, J, Mchardy, J, Sturtevant, B, Ehm, L, Goncharov, A, Mcmahon, M, Buchen, J, Cynn, H, Pace, E, Liermann, H, Sneed, D, Cooper, S, Anae, M, Kim, J, Wu, Z, Lee, Y, Hwang, H, Kim, T, Choi, J, Lee, J, Merkel, S, Chantel, J, Koemets, E, Marquardt, H, Prakapenka, V, Chariton, S, Shevchenko, E, Fiquet, G, Rosa, A, Mezouar, M, Garbarino, G, Morard, G, Husband, RJ, Kaa, JM, Ball, OB, Mcwilliams, RS, Baron, MA, Mchardy, JD, Sturtevant, BT, Goncharov, AF, Mcmahon, MI, Pace, EJ, Liermann, HP, Sneed, DT, Cooper, SC, Wu, ZY, Hwang, HJ, Koemets, EG, Prakapenka, VB, Rosa, AD, Jaisle, N, Cebron, D, Konopkova, Z, Husband, R, Prescher, C, Cerantola, V, Dwivedi, A, Kaa, J, Appel, K, Buakor, K, Ball, O, Mcwilliams, R, Strohm, C, Nakatsutsumi, M, Zastrau, U, Baehtz, C, Baron, M, Edmund, E, Biswas, J, Mchardy, J, Sturtevant, B, Ehm, L, Goncharov, A, Mcmahon, M, Buchen, J, Cynn, H, Pace, E, Liermann, H, Sneed, D, Cooper, S, Anae, M, Kim, J, Wu, Z, Lee, Y, Hwang, H, Kim, T, Choi, J, Lee, J, Merkel, S, Chantel, J, Koemets, E, Marquardt, H, Prakapenka, V, Chariton, S, Shevchenko, E, Fiquet, G, Rosa, A, Mezouar, M, Garbarino, G, Morard, G, Husband, RJ, Kaa, JM, Ball, OB, Mcwilliams, RS, Baron, MA, Mchardy, JD, Sturtevant, BT, Goncharov, AF, Mcmahon, MI, Pace, EJ, Liermann, HP, Sneed, DT, Cooper, SC, Wu, ZY, Hwang, HJ, Koemets, EG, Prakapenka, VB, and Rosa, AD
Abstract: A new diamond anvil cell experimental approach has been implemented at the European x-ray Free Electron Laser, combining pulsed laser heating with MHz x-ray diffraction. Here, we use this setup to determine liquidus temperatures under extreme conditions, based on the determination of time-resolved crystallization. The focus is on a Fe-Si-O ternary system, relevant for planetary cores. This time-resolved diagnostic is complemented by a finite-element model, reproducing temporal temperature profiles measured experimentally using streaked optical pyrometry. This model calculates the temperature and strain fields by including (i) pressure and temperature dependencies of material properties, and (ii) the heat-induced thermal stress, including feedback effect on material parameter variations. Making our model more realistic, these improvements are critical as they give 7000 K temperature differences compared to previous models. Laser intensities are determined by seeking minimal deviation between measured and modeled temperatures. Combining models and streak optical pyrometry data extends temperature determination below detection limit. The presented approach can be used to infer the liquidus temperature by the appearance of SiO 2 diffraction spots. In addition, temperatures obtained by the model agree with crystallization temperatures reported for Fe-Si alloys. Our model reproduces the planetary relevant experimental conditions, providing temperature, pressure, and volume conditions. Those predictions are then used to determine liquidus temperatures at experimental timescales where chemical migration is limited. This synergy of novel time-resolved experiments and finite-element modeling pushes further the interpretation capabilities in diamond anvil cell experiments.
Published: 2023

39. Toward using collective x-ray Thomson scattering to study C–H demixing and hydrogen metallization in warm dense matter conditions

Author: (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., (0009-0006-9039-5756) Stevenson, M. G., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5416-456X) He, Z., (0000-0002-4890-7440) Qu, C., (0000-0002-1846-0000) Schumacher, S., (0009-0003-4989-8704) May, P. T., Amouretti, A., (0000-0002-2902-2102) Appel, K., Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-2808-2963) Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-7337-2337) Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-7120-7194) Fletcher, L. B., Göde, S., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-7331-6485) Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D., (0000-0002-8641-4794) Ranjan, D., (0000-0003-4211-2484) Ramakrishna, K., (0000-0001-8090-2626) Voigt, K., (0000-0001-6748-0422) Humphries, O. S., (0000-0001-6363-1780) Heuser, B., (0009-0006-9039-5756) Stevenson, M. G., (0000-0002-2593-573X) Lütgert, B. J., (0000-0001-5416-456X) He, Z., (0000-0002-4890-7440) Qu, C., (0000-0002-1846-0000) Schumacher, S., (0009-0003-4989-8704) May, P. T., Amouretti, A., (0000-0002-2902-2102) Appel, K., Brambrink, E., (0000-0002-2808-2963) Cerantola, V., (0000-0002-7337-2337) Chekrygina, D., (0000-0002-7120-7194) Fletcher, L. B., Göde, S., (0000-0003-0713-5824) Harmand, M., (0000-0002-6268-2436) Hartley, N., (0000-0001-7331-6485) Hau-Riege, S. P., (0000-0003-1513-9198) Makita, M., Pelka, A., (0000-0001-5489-5952) Schuster, A., (0000-0002-7162-7500) Smid, M., (0000-0001-7986-3631) Toncian, T., Zhang, M., (0000-0003-1228-2263) Preston, T. R., (0000-0002-3575-4449) Zastrau, U., (0000-0001-5926-9192) Vorberger, J., and (0000-0002-6350-4180) Kraus, D.
Abstract: The insulator–metal transition in liquid hydrogen is an important phenomenon to understand the interiors of gas giants, such as Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the physical and chemical behavior of materials at high pressures and temperatures. Here, the path toward an experimental approach is detailed based on spectrally resolved x-ray scattering, tailored to observe and characterize hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons in the regime of carbon–hydrogen phase separation. With the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples collected at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (EuXFEL), we demonstrate sufficient data quality for observing C–H demixing and investigating the presence of liquid metallic hydrogen in future experiments using the reprated drive laser systems at EuXFEL.
Published: 2023

40. Direct LiF imaging diagnostics on refractive X-ray focusing at the EuXFEL High Energy Density instrument

Author: Makarov, S, Makita, M, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pikuz, T, Ozaki, N, Preston, T, Appel, K, Konopkova, Z, Cerantola, V, Brambrink, E, Schwinkendorf, J, Mohacsi, I, Burian, T, Chalupsky, J, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Vozda, V, Nagler, B, Zastrau, U, Pikuz, S, Makarov, Sergey, Makita, Mikako, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pikuz, Tatiana, Ozaki, Norimasa, Preston, Thomas R., Appel, Karen, Konopkova, Zuzana, Cerantola, Valerio, Brambrink, Erik, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Mohacsi, Istvan, Burian, Tomas, Chalupsky, Jaromir, Hajkova, Vera, Juha, Libor, Vozda, Vojtech, Nagler, Bob, Zastrau, Ulf, Pikuz, Sergey, Makarov, S, Makita, M, Nakatsutsumi, M, Pikuz, T, Ozaki, N, Preston, T, Appel, K, Konopkova, Z, Cerantola, V, Brambrink, E, Schwinkendorf, J, Mohacsi, I, Burian, T, Chalupsky, J, Hajkova, V, Juha, L, Vozda, V, Nagler, B, Zastrau, U, Pikuz, S, Makarov, Sergey, Makita, Mikako, Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki, Pikuz, Tatiana, Ozaki, Norimasa, Preston, Thomas R., Appel, Karen, Konopkova, Zuzana, Cerantola, Valerio, Brambrink, Erik, Schwinkendorf, Jan-Patrick, Mohacsi, Istvan, Burian, Tomas, Chalupsky, Jaromir, Hajkova, Vera, Juha, Libor, Vozda, Vojtech, Nagler, Bob, Zastrau, Ulf, and Pikuz, Sergey
Abstract: The application of fluorescent crystal media in wide-range X-ray detectors provides an opportunity to directly image the spatial distribution of ultra-intense X-ray beams including investigation of the focal spot of free-electron lasers. Here the capabilities of the micro- and nano-focusing X-ray refractive optics available at the High Energy Density instrument of the European XFEL are reported, as measured in situ by means of a LiF fluorescent detector placed into and around the beam caustic. The intensity distribution of the beam focused down to several hundred nanometers was imaged at 9 keV photon energy. A deviation from the parabolic surface in a stack of nanofocusing Be compound refractive lenses (CRLs) was found to affect the resulting intensity distribution within the beam. Comparison of experimental patterns in the far field with patterns calculated for different CRL lens imperfections allowed the overall inhomogeneity in the CRL stack to be estimated. The precise determination of the focal spot size and shape on a sub-micrometer level is essential for a number of high energy density studies requiring either a pin-size backlighting spot or extreme intensities for X-ray heating.
Published: 2023

41. Evaluation of near surface ozone and particulate matter in air quality simulations driven by dynamically downscaled historical meteorological fields

Author: Seltzer, Karl M., Nolte, Christopher G., Spero, Tanya L., Appel, K. Wyat, and Xing, Jia
Published: 2016
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42. An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray Free Electron Laser

Author: Descamps, Adrien, primary, Ofori-Okai, B., additional, Appel, K., additional, Cerantola, V., additional, Comley, A., additional, Eggert, J., additional, Fletcher, L., additional, Gericke, D., additional, Goede, S., additional, Humphries, O., additional, Karnbach, O., additional, Lazicki, A., additional, Loetzsch, R., additional, McGonegle, D., additional, Palmer, C., additional, Plueckthun, C., additional, Preston, T., additional, Redmer, R., additional, Senesky, D., additional, Strohm, C., additional, Uschmann, I., additional, White, T., additional, Wollenweber, L., additional, Monaco, G., additional, Wark, J., additional, Hastings, J., additional, Zastrau, U., additional, Gregori, G., additional, Glenzer, S., additional, and McBride, Emma, additional
Published: 2020
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43. Disappearing day-of-week ozone patterns in US nonattainment areas.

Author: Simon, Heather, Hogrefe, Christian, Whitehill, Andrew, Foley, Kristen M., Liljegren, Jennifer, Possiel, Norm, Wells, Benjamin, Henderson, Barron H., Valin, Lukas C., Tonnesen, Gail, Appel, K. Wyat, and Koplitz, Shannon
Abstract: Past work has shown that traffic patterns in the US and resulting NOX emissions vary by day of week, with NOX emissions typically higher on weekdays than weekends. This pattern of emissions leads to different levels of ozone on weekends versus weekdays and can be leveraged to understand how local ozone formation changes in response to NOX emissions perturbations in different urban areas. Specifically, areas with lower NOX but higher ozone on the weekends (the weekend effect) can be characterized as NOX -saturated and areas with both lower NOX and ozone on weekends (the weekday effect) can be characterized as NOX-limited. In this analysis we assess ozone weekend-weekday differences across US nonattainment areas using 18 years of observed and modeled data from 2002-2019 using two metrics: mean ozone and percentage of days > 70 ppb. In addition, we quantify the modeled and observed trends in these weekend-weekday differences across this period of substantial NOX emissions reductions in the US. The model assessment is carried out using EPA's Air QUAlity TimE Series Project (EQUATES) CMAQ dataset. We identify 3 types of ozone trends occuring across the US: disappearing weekend effect, disappearing weekday effect, and no trend. The disappearing weekend effect occurs in a subset of large urban areas that were NOX -saturated (i.e., VOC-limited) at the beginning of the analysis period but transitioned to mixed chemical regimes or NOX-limited conditions by the end of the analysis period. Nine areas have disappearing weekend effect trends in both datasets and with both metrics indicating strong agreement that they are shifting to more NOX-limited conditions: Milwaukee, Houston, Phoenix, Denver, Northern Wasatch Front, Southern Wasatch Front, Las Vegas, Los Angeles - San Bernardino County, Los Angeles - South Coast, and San Diego. The disappearing weekday effect was identified for multiple rural and agricultural areas of California which were NOX -limited for the entire analysis period but appear to become less influenced by local day of week emission patterns in more recent years. Finally, we discuss a variety of reasons why there are no statistically significant trends in certain areas including complex impacts of heterogeneous source mixes and stochastic impacts of meteorology. Overall, this assessment finds that the EQUATES modeling simulations indicate more NOX-saturated conditions than the observations but do a good job of capturing year-to-year changes in weekend-weekday ozone patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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44. Effects of anacetrapib on plasma lipids in specific patient subgroups in the DEFINE (Determining the Efficacy and Tolerability of CETP INhibition with AnacEtrapib) trial

Author: Gerstman, M., Howes, L., Kostner, K., Nestel, P., Sullivan, D., Brath, H., Patsch, J., Paulweber, B., Toplak, H., Constance, C.M., Howlett, E., Mymin, D., Pliamm, L., Saunders, K.K., Tardif, J.-C., Tytus, R., Aschner, P., Keinänen-Klukaanniemi, S., Strandberg, T., Taskinen, M.-R., Luc, G., Richter, D., Schlienger, J.L., Zaïr, Y., Appel, K.-F., Baar, M., Luley, C., Overhoff, U., Pomykaj, T., Schaefer, T., Lau, S.T., Lee, K.L.F., Tan, K., Tomlinson, B., Tsang, M.W., Badacsonyi, K., Kalina, Á., Kanakaridisz, N., Márk, L., Péterfai, É., Regos, L., Reiber, I., Takács, J., Vértes, A., Elis, A., Gavish, D., Harats, D., Hussein, O., Hayek, T., Leitersdorf, E., Bin Abdul Ghapar, A.K., Chee, K.H., Ismail, S.B., Ling, K.H., Ramanathan, G.R.L., Sim, K.H., Alvarado, R., Benavides, M., Cardona, G.E., Gonzalez, G., Verdejo, J., Basart, D.C.G., Imholz, B.P.M., Jonker, J.J.C., Nierop, P.R., Posma, J.L., Twickler, Th.B., Barrington-Ward, E., Cutfield, R., Friedlander, D.H., Scott, R.S., Istad, H., Langslet, G., Skjelvan, G.K., Campodónico Hoyos, S.J., Coloma Araniya, R., Gallegos C., A., Pino Morales, C.A., Watanabe, L., Arutyunov, G.P., Blokhin, A.B., Bubnova, M.G., Marcevich, S.Y., Álvarez Sánchez, C., Álvarez-Sala Walther, L.A., Gil Extremera, B., Perez Jimenez, F., de Teresa Parreño, L., Anderberg, C.-P., Hedin, U., Hellberg, A., Höök, P., Kjellström, T., Nilsson, P., Olsson, A.G., Rosenqvist, U., Tolagen, K., Wolff, T., Baskin, A., Bays, H.E., Bernstein, R.I., Bittar, N., Brinton, E.A., Chee, L.H.K., Cottiero, R.A., D'Agostino, R.D., Davidson, M.H., Denker, P.S., Garcia, R.K., Hippert, R.K., Isakov, T., Kaster, S.R., Kerzner, B., Klein, E.J., Koren, M.J., Kutner, M.E., Liljenquist, D., Lorch, D.G., Jr., Lorraine, R., Lubin, B.C., Lunde, N.M., Majchrzak, T.J., McKenney, J.M., Mukherjee, S., Muse, D.D., Otruba, M.S., Pappas, J.E., Patrick, K., Powell, S.J., Riffer, E., Rink, L.D., Rohlf, J.L., Rosen, J.B., Rosenbilt, P.D., Roth, E.M., Rubenstein, C.J., Rubino, J., Rudolph, L.A., Schneider, A., Short, W.G., Silverfield, J.C., Suresh, D.P., Tarshis, G.A., Toth, P.D., Townsend, R.W., Wahl, T.O., Brinton, Eliot A., Kher, Uma, Shah, Sukrut, Cannon, Christopher P., Davidson, Michael, Gotto, Antonio M., Ashraf, Tanya B., McCrary Sisk, Christine, Dansky, Hayes, Mitchel, Yale, and Barter, Philip
Published: 2015
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45. Development of a scanning acousto-optic based differential intensity and phase system for optical metrology

Author: Appel, K. Roland
Subjects: 621.36
Abstract: An optical technique is described which simultaneously and independently measures the difference in intensity and phase of light reflected from two close areas on a sample surface. Line scans or images of the object are then formed by scanning the light across the surface. The key element is a Bragg cell which is used to divide a well collimated beam of light into two probing beams amplitude modulated in phase quadrature, with a relative frequency shift. A comprehensive review is given of current profilometry techniques, and in particular optical methods. Emphasis is given in developing a thorough description of the system. Analysis of the acousto-optic interaction is combined within a mathematical framework which gives a general description of how the differential phase and intensity responses depend on the form of the modulated electrical Bragg cell drive. The analysis is applied to determine the tolerances necessary in the construction of this type of system. The use of a scanning mirror in a differential phase system is discussed and analysis is presented to model the effects of lens aberrations. Three implementations of the technique have been built and experimental results are shown from prepared specimens which have, i) predominantly phase contrast - a silicon wafer which has had a series of parallel tracks etched, ranging in depth from 180 to 700Å; ii) predominantly intensity contrast - a silicon wafer half implanted with As+ ions; iii) a mixture of phase and intensity information - a deposited aluminium step on a silicon substrate. Unlike any previous method, this system can measure true differential phase and intensity simultaneously. The real advantage of this is clearly demonstrated in the case of the third specimen where there is a change in surface conductivity across the sample. The two measurements may then help resolve uncertainties present in interpreting topography from phase data.
Published: 1990

46. Performance Summary of the 2006 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Simulation for the AQMEII Project: North American Application

Author: Appel, K. Wyat, Roselle, Shawn, Pouliot, George, Eder, Brian, Pierce, Thomas, Mathur, Rohit, Schere, Kenneth, Galmarini, Stefano, Rao, S. T., Steyn, Douw G., editor, and Trini Castelli, Silvia, editor
Published: 2012
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47. Examining the Impact of an Updated Toluene Mechanism on Air Quality in the Eastern US

Author: Sarwar, Golam, Appel, K. Wyat, Mathur, Rohit, Schere, Kenneth, Steyn, Douw G., editor, and Trini Castelli, Silvia, editor
Published: 2012
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48. Author Correction: A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator

Author: Decking, W., Abeghyan, S., Abramian, P., Abramsky, A., Aguirre, A., Albrecht, C., Alou, P., Altarelli, M., Altmann, P., Amyan, K., Anashin, V., Apostolov, E., Appel, K., Auguste, D., Ayvazyan, V., Baark, S., Babies, F., Baboi, N., Bak, P., Balandin, V., Baldinger, R., Baranasic, B., Barbanotti, S., Belikov, O., Belokurov, V., Belova, L., Belyakov, V., Berry, S., Bertucci, M., Beutner, B., Block, A., Blöcher, M., Böckmann, T., Bohm, C., Böhnert, M., Bondar, V., Bondarchuk, E., Bonezzi, M., Borowiec, P., Bösch, C., Bösenberg, U., Bosotti, A., Böspflug, R., Bousonville, M., Boyd, E., Bozhko, Y., Brand, A., Branlard, J., Briechle, S., Brinker, F., Brinker, S., Brinkmann, R., Brockhauser, S., Brovko, O., Brück, H., Brüdgam, A., Butkowski, L., Büttner, T., Calero, J., Castro-Carballo, E., Cattalanotto, G., Charrier, J., Chen, J., Cherepenko, A., Cheskidov, V., Chiodini, M., Chong, A., Choroba, S., Chorowski, M., Churanov, D., Cichalewski, W., Clausen, M., Clement, W., Cloué, C., Cobos, J. A., Coppola, N., Cunis, S., Czuba, K., Czwalinna, M., D’Almagne, B., Dammann, J., Danared, H., de Zubiaurre Wagner, A., Delfs, A., Delfs, T., Dietrich, F., Dietrich, T., Dohlus, M., Dommach, M., Donat, A., Dong, X., Doynikov, N., Dressel, M., Duda, M., Duda, P., Eckoldt, H., Ehsan, W., Eidam, J., Eints, F., Engling, C., Englisch, U., Ermakov, A., Escherich, K., Eschke, J., Saldin, E., Faesing, M., Fallou, A., Felber, M., Fenner, M., Fernandes, B., Fernández, J. M., Feuker, S., Filippakopoulos, K., Floettmann, K., Fogel, V., Fontaine, M., Francés, A., Martin, I. Freijo, Freund, W., Freyermuth, T., Friedland, M., Fröhlich, L., Fusetti, M., Fydrych, J., Gallas, A., García, O., Garcia-Tabares, L., Geloni, G., Gerasimova, N., Gerth, C., Geßler, P., Gharibyan, V., Gloor, M., Głowinkowski, J., Goessel, A., Gołębiewski, Z., Golubeva, N., Grabowski, W., Graeff, W., Grebentsov, A., Grecki, M., Grevsmuehl, T., Gross, M., Grosse-Wortmann, U., Grünert, J., Grunewald, S., Grzegory, P., Feng, G., Guler, H., Gusev, G., Gutierrez, J. L., Hagge, L., Hamberg, M., Hanneken, R., Harms, E., Hartl, I., Hauberg, A., Hauf, S., Hauschildt, J., Hauser, J., Havlicek, J., Hedqvist, A., Heidbrook, N., Hellberg, F., Henning, D., Hensler, O., Hermann, T., Hidvégi, A., Hierholzer, M., Hintz, H., Hoffmann, F., Hoffmann, Markus, Hoffmann, Matthias, Holler, Y., Hüning, M., Ignatenko, A., Ilchen, M., Iluk, A., Iversen, J., Iversen, J., Izquierdo, M., Jachmann, L., Jardon, N., Jastrow, U., Jensch, K., Jensen, J., Jeżabek, M., Jidda, M., Jin, H., Johansson, N., Jonas, R., Kaabi, W., Kaefer, D., Kammering, R., Kapitza, H., Karabekyan, S., Karstensen, S., Kasprzak, K., Katalev, V., Keese, D., Keil, B., Kholopov, M., Killenberger, M., Kitaev, B., Klimchenko, Y., Klos, R., Knebel, L., Koch, A., Koepke, M., Köhler, S., Köhler, W., Kohlstrunk, N., Konopkova, Z., Konstantinov, A., Kook, W., Koprek, W., Körfer, M., Korth, O., Kosarev, A., Kosiński, K., Kostin, D., Kot, Y., Kotarba, A., Kozak, T., Kozak, V., Kramert, R., Krasilnikov, M., Krasnov, A., Krause, B., Kravchuk, L., Krebs, O., Kretschmer, R., Kreutzkamp, J., Kröplin, O., Krzysik, K., Kube, G., Kuehn, H., Kujala, N., Kulikov, V., Kuzminych, V., La Civita, D., Lacroix, M., Lamb, T., Lancetov, A., Larsson, M., Le Pinvidic, D., Lederer, S., Lensch, T., Lenz, D., Leuschner, A., Levenhagen, F., Li, Y., Liebing, J., Lilje, L., Limberg, T., Lipka, D., List, B., Liu, J., Liu, S., Lorbeer, B., Lorkiewicz, J., Lu, H. H., Ludwig, F., Machau, K., Maciocha, W., Madec, C., Magueur, C., Maiano, C., Maksimova, I., Malcher, K., Maltezopoulos, T., Mamoshkina, E., Manschwetus, B., Marcellini, F., Marinkovic, G., Martinez, T., Martirosyan, H., Maschmann, W., Maslov, M., Matheisen, A., Mavric, U., Meißner, J., Meissner, K., Messerschmidt, M., Meyners, N., Michalski, G., Michelato, P., Mildner, N., Moe, M., Moglia, F., Mohr, C., Mohr, S., Möller, W., Mommerz, M., Monaco, L., Montiel, C., Moretti, M., Morozov, I., Morozov, P., Mross, D., Mueller, J., Müller, C., Müller, J., Müller, K., Munilla, J., Münnich, A., Muratov, V., Napoly, O., Näser, B., Nefedov, N., Neumann, Reinhard, Neumann, Rudolf, Ngada, N., Noelle, D., Obier, F., Okunev, I., Oliver, J. A., Omet, M., Oppelt, A., Ottmar, A., Oublaid, M., Pagani, C., Paparella, R., Paramonov, V., Peitzmann, C., Penning, J., Perus, A., Peters, F., Petersen, B., Petrov, A., Petrov, I., Pfeiffer, S., Pflüger, J., Philipp, S., Pienaud, Y., Pierini, P., Pivovarov, S., Planas, M., Pławski, E., Pohl, M., Polinski, J., Popov, V., Prat, S., Prenting, J., Priebe, G., Pryschelski, H., Przygoda, K., Pyata, E., Racky, B., Rathjen, A., Ratuschni, W., Regnaud-Campderros, S., Rehlich, K., Reschke, D., Robson, C., Roever, J., Roggli, M., Rothenburg, J., Rusiński, E., Rybaniec, R., Sahling, H., Salmani, M., Samoylova, L., Sanzone, D., Saretzki, F., Sawlanski, O., Schaffran, J., Schlarb, H., Schlösser, M., Schlott, V., Schmidt, C., Schmidt-Foehre, F., Schmitz, M., Schmökel, M., Schnautz, T., Schneidmiller, E., Scholz, M., Schöneburg, B., Schultze, J., Schulz, C., Schwarz, A., Sekutowicz, J., Sellmann, D., Semenov, E., Serkez, S., Sertore, D., Shehzad, N., Shemarykin, P., Shi, L., Sienkiewicz, M., Sikora, D., Sikorski, M., Silenzi, A., Simon, C., Singer, W., Singer, X., Sinn, H., Sinram, K., Skvorodnev, N., Smirnow, P., Sommer, T., Sorokin, A., Stadler, M., Steckel, M., Steffen, B., Steinhau-Kühl, N., Stephan, F., Stodulski, M., Stolper, M., Sulimov, A., Susen, R., Świerblewski, J., Sydlo, C., Syresin, E., Sytchev, V., Szuba, J., Tesch, N., Thie, J., Thiebault, A., Tiedtke, K., Tischhauser, D., Tolkiehn, J., Tomin, S., Tonisch, F., Toral, F., Torbin, I., Trapp, A., Treyer, D., Trowitzsch, G., Trublet, T., Tschentscher, T., Ullrich, F., Vannoni, M., Varela, P., Varghese, G., Vashchenko, G., Vasic, M., Vazquez-Velez, C., Verguet, A., Vilcins-Czvitkovits, S., Villanueva, R., Visentin, B., Viti, M., Vogel, E., Volobuev, E., Wagner, R., Walker, N., Wamsat, T., Weddig, H., Weichert, G., Weise, H., Wenndorf, R., Werner, M., Wichmann, R., Wiebers, C., Wiencek, M., Wilksen, T., Will, I., Winkelmann, L., Winkowski, M., Wittenburg, K., Witzig, A., Wlk, P., Wohlenberg, T., Wojciechowski, M., Wolff-Fabris, F., Wrochna, G., Wrona, K., Yakopov, M., Yang, B., Yang, F., Yurkov, M., Zagorodnov, I., Zalden, P., Zavadtsev, A., Zavadtsev, D., Zhirnov, A., Zhukov, A., Ziemann, V., Zolotov, A., Zolotukhina, N., Zummack, F., and Zybin, D.
Published: 2020
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49. Long-term regional trends of nitrogen and sulfur deposition in the United States from 2002 to 2017

Author: Benish, Sarah E., primary, Bash, Jesse O., additional, Foley, Kristen M., additional, Appel, K. Wyat, additional, Hogrefe, Christian, additional, Gilliam, Robert, additional, and Pouliot, George, additional
Published: 2022
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50. Erratum: High-resolution inelastic x-ray scattering at the high energy density scientific instrument at the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser (Review of Scientific Instruments (2021) 92 (013101) DOI: 10.1063/5.0022886)

Author: Wollenweber L., Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, Göde, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Plückthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, Wollenweber L., Preston T. R., Descamps A., Cerantola V., Comley A., Eggert J. H., Fletcher L. B., Geloni G., Gericke D. O., Glenzer S. H., Göde S., Hastings J., Humphries O. S., Jenei A., Karnbach O., Konopkova Z., Loetzsch R., Marx-Glowna B., Mcbride E. E., Mcgonegle D., Monaco G., Ofori-Okai B. K., Palmer C. A. J., Plückthun C., Redmer R., Strohm C., Thorpe I., Tschentscher T., Uschmann I., Wark J. S., White T. G., Appel K., Gregori G., Zastrau U., Wollenweber L., Wollenweber, L, Preston, T, Descamps, A, Cerantola, V, Comley, A, Eggert, J, Fletcher, L, Geloni, G, Gericke, D, Glenzer, S, Göde, S, Hastings, J, Humphries, O, Jenei, A, Karnbach, O, Konopkova, Z, Loetzsch, R, Marx-Glowna, B, Mcbride, E, Mcgonegle, D, Monaco, G, Ofori-Okai, B, Palmer, C, Plückthun, C, Redmer, R, Strohm, C, Thorpe, I, Tschentscher, T, Uschmann, I, Wark, J, White, T, Appel, K, Gregori, G, Zastrau, U, Wollenweber L., Preston T. R., Descamps A., Cerantola V., Comley A., Eggert J. H., Fletcher L. B., Geloni G., Gericke D. O., Glenzer S. H., Göde S., Hastings J., Humphries O. S., Jenei A., Karnbach O., Konopkova Z., Loetzsch R., Marx-Glowna B., Mcbride E. E., Mcgonegle D., Monaco G., Ofori-Okai B. K., Palmer C. A. J., Plückthun C., Redmer R., Strohm C., Thorpe I., Tschentscher T., Uschmann I., Wark J. S., White T. G., Appel K., Gregori G., and Zastrau U.
Published: 2021

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