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17 results on '"Apolonio G"'

1. Multi-wavelength picture of the misaligned BL Lac object 3C 371

Author

Otero-Santos, J., Raiteri, C. M., Tramacere, A., Pedrosa, J. Escudero, Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Carnerero, M. I., Villata, M., Agudo, I., Rahimov, I. A., Andreeva, T. S., Ivanov, D. V., Marchili, N., Righini, S., Giroletti, M., Gurwell, M. A., Savchenko, S. S., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Kurtanidze, S. O., Joner, M. D., Semkov, E., Pursimo, T., Benítez, E., Damljanovic, G., Andreuzzi, G., Apolonio, G., Borman, G. A., Bozhilov, V., Galindo-Guil, F. J., Grishina, T. S., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hiriart, D., Hsiao, H. Y., Ibryamov, S., Ivanidze, R. Z., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Minev, M., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Sigua, L. A., Stojanovic, M., Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Tsai, A., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., Zaharieva, E., and Zhovtan, A. V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The BL Lac object 3C 371 is one of the targets that are regularly monitored by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration to study blazar variability on both short and long timescales. We aim to evaluate the long-term multiwavelength (MWL) behaviour of 3C 371, comparing it with the results derived for its optical emission in our previous study. For this, we make use of the multi-band campaigns organized by the WEBT Collaboration in optical and radio between January 2018 and December 2020, and of public data from Swift and Fermi satellites and the MOJAVE Very Large Interferometry programme. We evaluate the variability shown by the source in each band with the amplitude variability quantification, as well as possible interband correlation using the z-Discrete Correlation Function. We also present a deep analysis of the optical-UV, X-ray and $\gamma$-ray spectral variability. With the MOJAVE data we perform a kinematics analysis, looking for components propagating along the jet, calculating its kinematics parameters. This set of parameters is later used for the interpretation of the source MWL behaviour, modelling the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source with theoretical blazar emission scenarios., Comment: Accepted in A&A, 23 pages, 15 figures

Published
2024

2. A wiggling filamentary jet at the origin of the blazar multi-wavelength behaviour

Author

Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Carnerero, M. I., Kurtanidze, S. O., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Benítez, E., Bonnoli, G., Carosati, D., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Agudo, I., Andreeva, T. S., Apolonio, G., Bachev, R., Borman, G. A., Bozhilov, V., Brown, L. F., Carbonell, W., Casadio, C., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Feige, M., Fuentes, A., Gabellini, D., Gazeas, K., Giroletti, M., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Gurwell, M. A., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hamed, G. M., Hiriart, D., Hodges, M., ivanidze, R. Z., Ivanov, D. V., Joner, M. D., Jorstad, S. G., Jovanovic, M. D., Kiehlmann, S., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kovalev, Yu. A., Kovalev, Y. Y., Kurtanidze, O. M., Kurtenkov, A., Larionova, E. G., Lessing, A., Lin, H. C., López, J. M., Lorey, C., Ludwig, J., Marchili, N., Marchini, A., Marscher, A. P., Matsumoto, K., Max-Moerbeck, W., Mihov, B., Minev, M., Mingaliev, M. G., Modaressi, A., Morozova, D. A., Mortari, F., Mufakharov, T. V., Myserlis, I., Nikolashvili, M. G., Pearson, T. J., Popkov, A. V., Rahimov, I. A., Readhead, A. C. S., Reinhart, D., Reeves, R., Righini, S., Romanov, F. D., Savchenko, S. S., Semkov, E., Shishkina, E. V., Sigua, L. A., Slavcheva-Mihova, L., Sotnikova, Yu. V., Steineke, R., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Takey, A., Traianou, E., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Tsai, A. L., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Verna, G., Vince, O., Vrontaki, K., Weaver, Z. R., Webb, J., Yuldoshev, Q. X., Zaharieva, E., and Zhovtan, A. V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Blazars are beamed active galactic nuclei known for their strong multi-wavelength variability on timescales from years down to minutes. We aim to investigate the suitability of the twisting jet model presented in previous works to explain the multi-wavelength behaviour of BL Lacertae, the prototype of one of the blazar classes. According to this model, the jet is inhomogeneous, curved, and twisting, and the long-term variability is due to changes in the Doppler factor due to variations in the orientation of the jet-emitting regions. We analysed optical data of the source obtained during monitoring campaigns organised by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) in 2019-2022, together with radio data from the WEBT and other teams, and gamma-ray data from the Fermi satellite. In this period, BL Lacertae underwent an extraordinary activity phase, reaching its historical optical and gamma-ray brightness maxima. The application of the twisting jet model to the source light curves allows us to infer the wiggling motion of the optical, radio, and gamma-ray jet-emitting regions. The optical-radio correlation shows that the changes in the radio viewing angle follow those in the optical viewing angle by about 120 days, and it suggests that the jet is composed of plasma filaments, which is in agreement with some radio high-resolution observations of other sources. The gamma-ray emitting region is found to be co-spatial with the optical one, and the analysis of the gamma-optical correlation is consistent with both the geometric interpretation and a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) origin of the high-energy photons. We propose a geometric scenario where the jet is made up of a pair of emitting plasma filaments in a sort of double-helix curved rotating structure, whose wiggling motion produces changes in the Doppler beaming and can thus explain the observed multi-wavelength long-term variability., Comment: In press for A&A

Published
2024
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3. Optical variability of the blazar 3C 371: from minute to year timescales

Author

Otero-Santos, J., Raiteri, C. M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Carnerero, M. I., Villata, M., Savchenko, S. S., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Kurtanidze, S. O., Joner, M. D., Semkov, E., Pursimo, T., Benítez, E., Damljanovic, G., Apolonio, G., Borman, G. A., Bozhilov, V., Galindo-Guil, F. J., Grishina, T. S., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hiriart, D., Hsiao, H. Y., Ibryamov, S., Ivanidze, R. Z., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, O. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Minev, M., Morozova, D. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Sigua, L. A., Stojanovic, M., Troitskiy, I. S., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Tsai, A., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., Zaharieva, E., and Zhovtan, A. V.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The BL Lac object 3C 371 has been observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (\textit{TESS}) for approximately a year, between July 2019 and July 2020, with an unmatched 2-minute observing cadence. In parallel, the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration organized an extensive observing campaign, providing three years of continuous optical monitoring between 2018 and 2020. These datasets allow for a thorough investigation of the variability of the source. The goal of this study is evaluating the optical variability of 3C 371. Taking advantage of the remarkable cadence of \textit{TESS} data, we aim to characterize the intra-day variability (IDV) displayed by the source and identify its shortest variability timescale. With this estimate, constraints on the size of the emitting region and black hole mass can be calculated. Moreover, WEBT data is used to investigate long-term variability (LTV), including understanding spectral behaviour of the source and the polarization variability. Based on the derived characteristics, information on the origin of the variability on different timescales is extracted. We evaluated the variability applying the variability amplitude tool that quantifies how variable the emission is. Moreover, we employed common tools like ANOVA (ANalysis Of VAariance) tests, wavelet and power spectral density (PSD) analyses to characterize the shortest variability timescales present in the emission and the underlying noise affecting the data. Short- and long-term colour behaviours have been evaluated to understand the spectral behaviour of the source. The polarized emission was analyzed, studying its variability and possible rotation patterns of the electric vector position angle (EVPA). Flux distributions of IDV and LTV were also studied with the aim of linking the flux variations to turbulent and/or accretion disc related processes., Comment: Accepted in A&A, 20 pages, 19 figures

Published
2024
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4. Multi-messenger characterization of Mrk 501 during historically low X-ray and $\gamma$-ray activity

Author

MAGIC collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Espiñeira, E. Do Souto, Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., groups, Other, collaborations, Cerruti, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Apolonio, G., Bachev, R., Baloković, M., Benítez, E., Björklund, I., Bozhilov, V., Brown, L. F., Bugg, A., Carbonell, W., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Chamani, W., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R. A., Damljanovic, G., Epps, K., Erkenov, A., Feige, M., Finke, J., Fuentes, A., Gazeas, K., Giroletti, M., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Gurwell, M. A., Heidemann, E., Hiriart, D., Hou, W. J., Hovatta, T., Ibryamov, S., Joner, M. D., Jorstad, S. G., Kania, J., Kiehlmann, S., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kopp, M., Korte, M., Kotas, B., Koyama, S., Kramer, J. A., Kunkel, L., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., López, J. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Leto, C., Lorey, C., Mújica, R., Madejski, G. M., Marchili, N., Marscher, A. P., Minev, M., Modaressi, A., Morozova, D. A., Mufakharov, T., Myserlis, I., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Perri, M., Raiteri, C. M., Readhead, A. C. S., Reimer, A., Reinhart, D., Righini, S., Rosenlehner, K., Sadun, A. C., Savchenko, S. S., Scherbantin, A., Schneider, L., Schoch, K., Seifert, D., Semkov, E., Sigua, L. A., Singh, C., Sola, P., Sotnikova, Y., Spencer, M., Steineke, R., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Tornikoski, M., Traianou, E., Tramacere, A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Trump, J. B., Tsai, A., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Vince, O., Vrontaki, K., Weaver, Z. R., Zaharieva, E., and Zottmann, N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We study the broadband emission of Mrk 501 using multi-wavelength observations from 2017 to 2020 performed with a multitude of instruments, involving, among others, MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, Swift, GASP-WEBT, and OVRO. Mrk 501 showed an extremely low broadband activity, which may help to unravel its baseline emission. Nonetheless, significant flux variations are detected at all wavebands, with the highest occurring at X-rays and very-high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$-rays. A significant correlation ($>$3$\sigma$) between X-rays and VHE $\gamma$-rays is measured, supporting leptonic scenarios to explain the variable parts of the emission, also during low activity. This is further supported when we extend our data from 2008 to 2020, and identify, for the first time, significant correlations between Swift-XRT and Fermi-LAT. We additionally find correlations between high-energy $\gamma$-rays and radio, with the radio lagging by more than 100 days, placing the $\gamma$-ray emission zone upstream of the radio-bright regions in the jet. Furthermore, Mrk 501 showed a historically low activity in X-rays and VHE $\gamma$-rays from mid-2017 to mid-2019 with a stable VHE flux ($>$0.2 TeV) of 5% the emission of the Crab Nebula. The broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of this 2-year-long low-state, the potential baseline emission of Mrk 501, can be characterized with one-zone leptonic models, and with (lepto)-hadronic models fulfilling neutrino flux constraints from IceCube. We explore the time evolution of the SED towards the low-state, revealing that the stable baseline emission may be ascribed to a standing shock, and the variable emission to an additional expanding or traveling shock., Comment: 55 pages, 30 figures, 14 tables, accepted by APJS. Corresponding authors are L. Heckmann, D. Paneque, S. Gasparyan, M. Cerruti, and N. Sahakyan

Published
2022
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5. Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae

Author

Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Weaver, Z. R., Zhang, H., Dong, L., Gómez, J. L., Perel, M. V., Savchenko, S. S., Larionov, V. M., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Kurtanidze, O. M., Marchini, A., Matsumoto, K., Mortari, F., Aceti, P., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Andreeva, T., Apolonio, G., Arena, C., Arkharov, A., Bachev, R., Banfi, M., Bonnoli, G., Borman, G. A., Bozhilov, V., Carnerero, M. I., Damljanovic, G., Ehgamberdiev, S. A., Elsässer, D., Frasca, A., Gabellini, D., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Hagen-Thorn, V. A., Hallum, M. K., Hart, M., Hasuda, K., Hemrich, F., Hsiao, H. Y., Ibryamov, S., Irsmambetova, T. R., Ivanov, D. V., Joner, M. D., Kimeridze, G. N., Klimanov, S. A., Knött, J., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kurtenkov, A., Kuutma, T., Larionova, E. G., Leonini, S., Lin, H. C., Lorey, C., Mannheim, K., Marino, G., Minev, M., Mirzaqulov, D. O., Morozova, D. A., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Papini, R., Pursimo, T., Rahimov, I., Reinhart, D., Sakamoto, T., Salvaggio, F., Semkov, E., Shakhovskoy, D. N., Sigua, L. A., Steineke, R., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Troitskaya, Y. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Tsai, A., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Vince, O., Waller, L., Zaharieva, E., and Chatterjee, R.

Published
2022
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6. Optical variability of the blazar 3C 371: From minute to year timescales

Author

Otero-Santos, J., primary, Raiteri, C.M., additional, Acosta-Pulido, J.A., additional, Carnerero, M.I., additional, Villata, M., additional, Savchenko, S., additional, Carosati, D., additional, Chen, W.P., additional, Kurtanidze, S.O., additional, Joner, M.D., additional, Semkov, E., additional, Pursimo, T., additional, Benítez, E., additional, Damljanovic, G., additional, Apolonio, G., additional, Borman, G.A., additional, Bozhilov, V., additional, Galindo-Guil, F.J., additional, Grishina, T.S., additional, Hagen-Thorn, V.A., additional, Hiriart, D., additional, Hsiao, H.Y., additional, Ibryamov, S., additional, Ivanidze, R.Z., additional, Kimeridze, G.N., additional, Kopatskaya, E.N., additional, Kurtanidze, O.M., additional, Larionov, V.M., additional, Larionova, E.G., additional, Larionova, L.V., additional, Minev, M., additional, Morozova, D.A., additional, Nikolashvili, M.G., additional, Ovcharov, E., additional, Sigua, L.A., additional, Stojanovic, M., additional, Troitskiy, I.S., additional, Troitskaya, V. Yu., additional, Tsai, A., additional, Valcheva, A., additional, Vasilyev, A., additional, Vince, O., additional, Zaharieva, E., additional, and Zhovtan, A.V., additional

Published
2024
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7. Multimessenger Characterization of Markarian 501 during Historically Low X-Ray and γ-Ray Activity

Author

Abe, H., primary, Abe, S., additional, Acciari, V. A., additional, Agudo, I., additional, Aniello, T., additional, Ansoldi, S., additional, Antonelli, L. A., additional, Arbet-Engels, A., additional, Arcaro, C., additional, Artero, M., additional, Asano, K., additional, Baack, D., additional, Babić, A., additional, Baquero, A., additional, de Almeida, U. Barres, additional, Barrio, J. A., additional, Batković, I., additional, Baxter, J., additional, Becerra González, J., additional, Bednarek, W., additional, Bernardini, E., additional, Bernardos, M., additional, Berti, A., additional, Besenrieder, J., additional, Bhattacharyya, W., additional, Bigongiari, C., additional, Biland, A., additional, Blanch, O., additional, Bonnoli, G., additional, Bošnjak, Ž., additional, Burelli, I., additional, Busetto, G., additional, Carosi, R., additional, Carretero-Castrillo, M., additional, Castro-Tirado, A. J., additional, Ceribella, G., additional, Chai, Y., additional, Chilingarian, A., additional, Cikota, S., additional, Colombo, E., additional, Contreras, J. L., additional, Cortina, J., additional, Covino, S., additional, D’Amico, G., additional, D’Elia, V., additional, Da Vela, P., additional, Dazzi, F., additional, De Angelis, A., additional, De Lotto, B., additional, Del Popolo, A., additional, Delfino, M., additional, Delgado, J., additional, Delgado Mendez, C., additional, Depaoli, D., additional, Di Pierro, F., additional, Di Venere, L., additional, Souto Espiñeira, E. Do, additional, Dominis Prester, D., additional, Donini, A., additional, Dorner, D., additional, Doro, M., additional, Elsaesser, D., additional, Emery, G., additional, Escudero, J., additional, Fallah Ramazani, V., additional, Fariña, L., additional, Fattorini, A., additional, Foffano, L., additional, Font, L., additional, Fruck, C., additional, Fukami, S., additional, Fukazawa, Y., additional, García López, R. J., additional, Garczarczyk, M., additional, Gasparyan, S., additional, Gaug, M., additional, Giesbrecht Paiva, J. G., additional, Giglietto, N., additional, Giordano, F., additional, Gliwny, P., additional, Godinović, N., additional, Grau, R., additional, Green, D., additional, Green, J. G., additional, Hadasch, D., additional, Hahn, A., additional, Hassan, T., additional, Heckmann, L., additional, Herrera, J., additional, Hrupec, D., additional, Hütten, M., additional, Imazawa, R., additional, Inada, T., additional, Iotov, R., additional, Ishio, K., additional, Jiménez Martínez, I., additional, Jormanainen, J., additional, Kerszberg, D., additional, Kobayashi, Y., additional, Kubo, H., additional, Kushida, J., additional, Lamastra, A., additional, Lelas, D., additional, Leone, F., additional, Lindfors, E., additional, Linhoff, L., additional, Lombardi, S., additional, Longo, F., additional, López-Coto, R., additional, López-Moya, M., additional, López-Oramas, A., additional, Loporchio, S., additional, Lorini, A., additional, Lyard, E., additional, Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., additional, Majumdar, P., additional, Makariev, M., additional, Maneva, G., additional, Mang, N., additional, Manganaro, M., additional, Mangano, S., additional, Mannheim, K., additional, Mariotti, M., additional, Martínez, M., additional, Mas-Aguilar, A., additional, Mazin, D., additional, Menchiari, S., additional, Mender, S., additional, Mićanović, S., additional, Miceli, D., additional, Miener, T., additional, Miranda, J. M., additional, Mirzoyan, R., additional, Molina, E., additional, Mondal, H. A., additional, Moralejo, A., additional, Morcuende, D., additional, Moreno, V., additional, Nakamori, T., additional, Nanci, C., additional, Nava, L., additional, Neustroev, V., additional, Nievas Rosillo, M., additional, Nigro, C., additional, Nilsson, K., additional, Nishijima, K., additional, Njoh Ekoume, T., additional, Noda, K., additional, Nozaki, S., additional, Ohtani, Y., additional, Oka, T., additional, Okumura, A., additional, Otero-Santos, J., additional, Paiano, S., additional, Palatiello, M., additional, Paneque, D., additional, Paoletti, R., additional, Paredes, J. M., additional, Pavletić, L., additional, Persic, M., additional, Pihet, M., additional, Pirola, G., additional, Podobnik, F., additional, Moroni, P. G. Prada, additional, Prandini, E., additional, Principe, G., additional, Priyadarshi, C., additional, Rhode, W., additional, Ribó, M., additional, Rico, J., additional, Righi, C., additional, Rugliancich, A., additional, Sahakyan, N., additional, Saito, T., additional, Sakurai, S., additional, Satalecka, K., additional, Saturni, F. G., additional, Schleicher, B., additional, Schmidt, K., additional, Schmuckermaier, F., additional, Schubert, J. L., additional, Schweizer, T., additional, Sitarek, J., additional, Sliusar, V., additional, Sobczynska, D., additional, Spolon, A., additional, Stamerra, A., additional, Strišković, J., additional, Strom, D., additional, Strzys, M., additional, Suda, Y., additional, Surić, T., additional, Tajima, H., additional, Takahashi, M., additional, Takeishi, R., additional, Tavecchio, F., additional, Temnikov, P., additional, Terauchi, K., additional, Terzić, T., additional, Teshima, M., additional, Tosti, L., additional, Truzzi, S., additional, Tutone, A., additional, Ubach, S., additional, van Scherpenberg, J., additional, Acosta, M. Vazquez, additional, Ventura, S., additional, Verguilov, V., additional, Viale, I., additional, Vigorito, C. F., additional, Vitale, V., additional, Vovk, I., additional, Walter, R., additional, Will, M., additional, Wunderlich, C., additional, Yamamoto, T., additional, Zarić, D., additional, Cerruti, M., additional, Acosta-Pulido, J. A., additional, Apolonio, G., additional, Bachev, R., additional, Baloković, M., additional, Benítez, E., additional, Björklund, I., additional, Bozhilov, V., additional, Brown, L. F., additional, Bugg, A., additional, Carbonell, W., additional, Carnerero, M. I., additional, Carosati, D., additional, Casadio, C., additional, Chamani, W., additional, Chen, W. P., additional, Chigladze, R. A., additional, Damljanovic, G., additional, Epps, K., additional, Erkenov, A., additional, Feige, M., additional, Finke, J., additional, Fuentes, A., additional, Gazeas, K., additional, Giroletti, M., additional, Grishina, T. S., additional, Gupta, A. C., additional, Gurwell,, M. A., additional, Heidemann, E., additional, Hiriart, D., additional, Hou, W. J., additional, Hovatta, T., additional, Ibryamov, S., additional, Joner, M. D., additional, Jorstad, S. G., additional, Kania, J., additional, Kiehlmann, S., additional, Kimeridze, G. N., additional, Kopatskaya, E. N., additional, Kopp, M., additional, Korte, M., additional, Kotas, B., additional, Koyama, S., additional, Kramer, J. A., additional, Kunkel, L., additional, Kurtanidze, S. O., additional, Kurtanidze, O. M., additional, Lähteenmäki, A., additional, López, J. M., additional, Larionov, V. M., additional, Larionova, E. G., additional, Larionova, L. V., additional, Leto, C., additional, Lorey, C., additional, Mújica, R., additional, Madejski, G. M., additional, Marchili, N., additional, Marscher, A. P., additional, Minev, M., additional, Modaressi, A., additional, Morozova, D. A., additional, Mufakharov, T., additional, Myserlis, I., additional, Nikiforova, A. A., additional, Nikolashvili, M. G., additional, Ovcharov, E., additional, Perri, M., additional, Raiteri, C. M., additional, Readhead, A. C. S., additional, Reimer, A., additional, Reinhart, D., additional, Righini, S., additional, Rosenlehner, K., additional, Sadun, A. C., additional, Savchenko, S. S., additional, Scherbantin, A., additional, Schneider, L., additional, Schoch, K., additional, Seifert, D., additional, Semkov, E., additional, Sigua, L. A., additional, Singh, C., additional, Sola, P., additional, Sotnikova, Y., additional, Spencer, M., additional, Steineke, R., additional, Stojanovic, M., additional, Strigachev, A., additional, Tornikoski, M., additional, Traianou, E., additional, Tramacere, A., additional, Troitskaya, Yu. V., additional, Troitskiy, I. S., additional, Trump, J. B., additional, Tsai, A., additional, Valcheva, A., additional, Vasilyev, A. A., additional, Verrecchia, F., additional, Villata, M., additional, Vince, O., additional, Vrontaki, K., additional, Weaver, Z. R., additional, Zaharieva, E., additional, and Zottmann, N., additional

Published
2023
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8. The optical behaviour of BL Lacertae at its maximum brightness levels: a blend of geometry and energetics

Author

Raiteri, C M, primary, Villata, M, additional, Jorstad, S G, additional, Marscher, A P, additional, Acosta Pulido, J A, additional, Carosati, D, additional, Chen, W P, additional, Joner, M D, additional, Kurtanidze, S O, additional, Lorey, C, additional, Marchini, A, additional, Matsumoto, K, additional, Mirzaqulov, D O, additional, Savchenko, S S, additional, Strigachev, A, additional, Vince, O, additional, Aceti, P, additional, Apolonio, G, additional, Arena, C, additional, Arkharov, A, additional, Bachev, R, additional, Bader, N, additional, Banfi, M, additional, Bonnoli, G, additional, Borman, G A, additional, Bozhilov, V, additional, Brown, L F, additional, Carbonell, W, additional, Carnerero, M I, additional, Damljanovic, G, additional, Dhiman, V, additional, Ehgamberdiev, S A, additional, Elsaesser, D, additional, Feige, M, additional, Gabellini, D, additional, Galán, D, additional, Galli, G, additional, Gaur, H, additional, Gazeas, K, additional, Grishina, T S, additional, Gupta, A C, additional, Hagen-Thorn, V A, additional, Hallum, M K, additional, Hart, M, additional, Hasuda, K, additional, Heidemann, K, additional, Horst, B, additional, Hou, W-J, additional, Ibryamov, S, additional, Ivanidze, R Z, additional, Jovanovic, M D, additional, Kimeridze, G N, additional, Kishore, S, additional, Klimanov, S, additional, Kopatskaya, E N, additional, Kurtanidze, O M, additional, Kushwaha, P, additional, Lane, D J, additional, Larionova, E G, additional, Leonini, S, additional, Lin, H C, additional, Mannheim, K, additional, Marino, G, additional, Minev, M, additional, Modaressi, A, additional, Morozova, D A, additional, Mortari, F, additional, Nazarov, S V, additional, Nikolashvili, M G, additional, Otero Santos, J, additional, Ovcharov, E, additional, Papini, R, additional, Pinter, V, additional, Privitera, C A, additional, Pursimo, T, additional, Reinhart, D, additional, Roberts, J, additional, Romanov, F D, additional, Rosenlehner, K, additional, Sakamoto, T, additional, Salvaggio, F, additional, Schoch, K, additional, Semkov, E, additional, Seufert, J, additional, Shakhovskoy, D, additional, Sigua, L A, additional, Singh, C, additional, Steineke, R, additional, Stojanovic, M, additional, Tripathi, T, additional, Troitskaya, Y V, additional, Troitskiy, I S, additional, Tsai, A, additional, Valcheva, A, additional, Vasilyev, A A, additional, Vrontaki, K, additional, Weaver, Z R, additional, Wooley, J H F, additional, Zaharieva, E, additional, and Zhovtan, A V, additional

Published
2023
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9. Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar VER J0521+211 during an Elevated TeV Gamma-Ray State

Author

Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Baxter, J., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Delgado Mendez, C., Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Do Souto Espiñeira, E., Dominis Prester, D., Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Fallah Ramazani, V., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fruck, C., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., García López, R. J., Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Giesbrecht Paiva, J. G., Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Jiménez Martínez, I., Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lamastra, A., Lelas, D., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Moreno, V., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Nava, L., Neustroev, V., Nievas Rosillo, M., Nigro, C., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Njoh Ekoume, T., Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Prada Moroni, P. G., Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Rugliancich, A., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Vazquez Acosta, M., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., Zarić, D., Other, Groups, Cerruti, collaborations: M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Apolonio, G., Bachev, R., Baloković, M., Benítez, E., Björklund, I., Bozhilov, V., Brown, L. F., Bugg, A., Carbonell, W., Carnerero, M. I., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Chamani, W., Chen, W. P., Chigladze, R. A., Damljanovic, G., Epps, K., Erkenov, A., Feige, M., Finke, J., Fuentes, A., Gazeas, K., Giroletti, M., Grishina, T. S., Gupta, A. C., Gurwell, M. A., Heidemann, E., Hiriart, D., Hou, W. J., Hovatta, T., Ibryamov, S., Joner, M. D., Jorstad, S. G., Kania, J., Kiehlmann, S., Kimeridze, G. N., Kopatskaya, E. N., Kopp, M., Korte, M., Kotas, B., Koyama, S., Kramer, J. A., Kunkel, L., Kurtanidze, S. O., Kurtanidze, O. M., Lähteenmäki, A., López, J. M., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E. G., Larionova, L. V., Leto, C., Lorey, C., Mújica, R., Madejski, G. M., Marchili, N., Marscher, A. P., Minev, M., Modaressi, A., Morozova, D. A., Mufakharov, T., Myserlis, I., Nikiforova, A. A., Nikolashvili, M. G., Ovcharov, E., Perri, M., Raiteri, C. M., Readhead, A. C. S., Reimer, A., Reinhart, D., Righini, S., Rosenlehner, K., Sadun, A. C., Savchenko, S. S., Scherbantin, A., Schneider, L., Schoch, K., Seifert, D., Semkov, E., Sigua, L. A., Singh, C., Sola, P., Sotnikova, Y., Spencer, M., Steineke, R., Stojanovic, M., Strigachev, A., Tornikoski, M., Traianou, E., Tramacere, A., Troitskaya, Yu. V., Troitskiy, I. S., Trump, J. B., Tsai, A., Valcheva, A., Vasilyev, A. A., Verrecchia, F., Villata, M., Vince, O., Vrontaki, K., Weaver, Z. R., Zaharieva, E., Zottmann, N., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Swiss National Science Foundation, Department of Atomic Energy (India), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Ministry of Education and Science (Bulgaria), and Academy of Finland

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), BL Lacertae objects: individual (VER J0521+211 = RGB J0521.8+2112) – galaxies: active – galaxies: jets – gamma rays: galaxies – radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Active galactic nuclei, High energy astrophysics, Blazars, BL Lacertae objects, Relativistic jets, Gamma-rays, Non-thermal radiation sources, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ddc:520, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Full list of authors: Adams, C. B.; Batista, P.; Benbow, W.; Brill, A.; Brose, R.; Buckley, J. H.; Capasso, M.; Christiansen, J. L.; Errando, M.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Foote, G. M.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Gallagher, G.; Gent, A.; Giuri, C.; Hanlon, W. F.; Hanna, D.; Hassan, T.; Hervet, O.; Holder, J.; Hona, B.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Jin, W.; Kaaret, P.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Kleiner, T. K.; Krennrich, F.; Kumar, S.; Lang, M. J.; Lundy, M.; Maier, G.; Millis, J.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Nievas-Rosillo, M.; Ong, R. A.; Otte, A. N.; Patel, S.; Patel, S. R.; Pfrang, K.; Pohl, M.; Prado, R. R.; Pueschel, E.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reynolds, P. T.; Ribeiro, D.; Roache, E.; Ryan, J. L.; Sadeh, I; Santander, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Shang, R.; Stevenson, B.; Tucci, J., V; Vassiliev, V. V.; Wakely, S. P.; Weinstein, A.; Wells, R. M.; Williams, D. A.; Williamson, T. J.; Acciari, V. A.; Aniello, T.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Engels, A. Arbet; Arcaro, C.; Artero, M.; Asano, K.; Baack, D.; Babic, A.; Baquero, A.; de Almeida, U. Barres; Barrio, J. A.; Batkovic, I; Becerra Gonzalez, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bernardini, E.; Bernardos, M.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bokenkamp, H.; Bonnoli, G.; Bosnjak, Z.; Burelli, I; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cerruti, M.; Chai, Y.; Chilingarian, A.; Cikota, S.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Amico, G.; D'Elia, V; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; Del Popolo, A.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Depaoli, D.; Di Pierro, F.; Di Venere, L.; Do Souto Espineira, E.; Prester, D. Dominis; Donini, A.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Elsaesser, D.; Ramazani, V. Fallah; Farina, L.; Fattorini, A.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Fukami, S.; Fukazawa, Y.; Garcia Lopez, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Gliwny, P.; Godinovic, N.; Green, J. G.; Green, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Hassan, T.; Heckmann, L.; Herrera, J.; Hrupec, D.; Hutten, M.; Inada, T.; Iotov, R.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Jimenez Martinez, I; Jormanainen, J.; Jouvin, L.; Kerszberg, D.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Linhoff, L.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Lopez-Moya, M.; Lopez-Oramas, A.; Loporchio, S.; Lorini, A.; de Oliveira Fraga, B. Machado; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Mariotti, M.; Martinez, M.; Aguilar, A. Mas; Mazin, D.; Menchiari, S.; Mender, S.; Micanovic, S.; Miceli, D.; Miener, T.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Mondal, H. A.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Moreno, V; Nakamori, T.; Nanci, C.; Nava, L.; Neustroev, V; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nozaki, S.; Ohtani, Y.; Oka, T.; Otero-Santos, J.; Paiano, S.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Pavletic, L.; Penil, P.; Persic, M.; Pihet, M.; Moroni, P. G. Prada; Prandini, E.; Priyadarshi, C.; Puljak, I; Rhode, W.; Ribo, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Sakurai, S.; Satalecka, K.; Saturni, F. G.; Schleicher, B.; Schmidt, K.; Schmuckermaier, F.; Schubert, J. L.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Snidaric, I; Sobczynska, D.; Spolon, A.; Stamerra, A.; Striskovic, J.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Suda, Y.; Suric, T.; Takahashi, M.; Takeishi, R.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzic, T.; Teshima, M.; Tosti, L.; Truzzi, S.; Tutone, A.; Ubach, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Ventura, S.; Verguilov, V.; Viale, I; Vigorito, C. F.; Vitale, V.; Vovk, I; Will, M.; Wunderlich, C.; Yamamoto, T.; Zaric, D.; VERITAS Collaboration; MAGIC Collaboration.--This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., We report on a long-lasting, elevated gamma-ray flux state from VER J0521+211 observed by VERITAS, MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT in 2013 and 2014. The peak integral flux above 200 GeV measured with the nightly binned light curve is (8.8 ± 0.4) × 10−7 photons m−2 s−1, or ∼37% of the Crab Nebula flux. Multiwavelength observations from X-ray, UV, and optical instruments are also presented. A moderate correlation between the X-ray and TeV gamma-ray fluxes was observed, and the X-ray spectrum appeared harder when the flux was higher. Using the gamma-ray spectrum and four models of the extragalactic background light (EBL), a conservative 95% confidence upper limit on the redshift of the source was found to be z ≤ 0.31. Unlike the gamma-ray and X-ray bands, the optical flux did not increase significantly during the studied period compared to the archival low-state flux. The spectral variability from optical to X-ray bands suggests that the synchrotron peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) may become broader during flaring states, which can be adequately described with a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model varying the high-energy end of the underlying particle spectrum. The synchrotron peak frequency of the SED and the radio morphology of the jet from the MOJAVE program are consistent with the source being an intermediate-frequency-peaked BL Lac object. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society., This research is supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the Smithsonian Institution in the U.S.; by NSERC in Canada; and by the Helmholtz Association in Germany. This research used resources provided by the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, and resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge the excellent work of the technical support staff at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and at the collaborating institutions in the construction and operation of the instrument. The MAGIC Collaboration would like to thank the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the excellent working conditions at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos in La Palma. The financial support of the German BMBF, MPG, and HGF; the Italian INFN and INAF; the Swiss National Fund SNF; the ERDF under the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (PID2019-104114RB-C31, PID2019-104114RB-C32, PID2019-104114RB-C33, PID2019-105510GB-C31,PID2019-107847RB-C41, PID2019-107847RB-C42, PID2019-107847RB-C44, PID2019-107988GB-C22); the Indian Department of Atomic Energy; the Japanese ICRR, the University of Tokyo, JSPS, and MEXT; the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, National RI Roadmap Project DO1-400/18.12.2020; and the Academy of Finland grant No. 320045 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Spanish Centro de Excelencia "Severo Ochoa" (SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2017-0709, CEX2019-000920-S), the Unidad de Excelencia "María de Maeztu" (CEX2019-000918-M, MDM-2015-0509-18-2), and the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya; by the Croatian Science Foundation (HrZZ) Project IP-2016-06-9782 and the University of Rijeka Project uniri-prirod-18-48; by the DFG Collaborative Research Centers SFB823/C4 and SFB876/C3; by the Polish National Research Centre grant UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382; and by the Brazilian MCTIC, CNPq, and FAPERJ. Q.F. was supported by NSF grant PHY-1806554 at Barnard College.

Published
2022
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10. Heat Stress in Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica): Benefits of Phytase Supplementation

Author

Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro, Raiane dos Santos Silva, Dayane Albuquerque da Silva, Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento, Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza, Edijanio Galdino da Silva, José Evangelista Santos Ribeiro, Danila Barreiro Campos, Clara Virgínia Batista de Vasconcelos Alves, Edilson Paes Saraiva, Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa, and Ricardo Romão Guerra

Subjects
antinutritional factors, calcium absorption, exogenous enzymes, laying quails, phytate, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

In tropical and subtropical climate regions, heat stress is one of the main causes of production losses in laying quails, aggravated by the antinutritional effects of the phytate in diet ingredients, which negatively affect the bioavailability of minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus. This situation results in a reduction in production and the quality of eggs from commercial laying quails. Several nutritional strategies are utilized to reduce the adverse effects of high temperatures and antinutritional factors such as phytate. Among these strategies, the use of exogenous enzymes, such as phytase, stands out as a viable alternative. Phytase breaks down phytate molecules, optimizing the absorption of essential minerals and improving productive performance and egg quality under unfavorable conditions. Specifically, it is recommended to use 1500 FTU of phytase, as it not only reduces the effects of thermal stress but also enhances eggshell thickness and calcium absorption. In this context, this bibliographic review sought to produce a document demonstrating the beneficial effects of the phytase enzyme on the hydrolysis of the phytate molecule, the availability of calcium for Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), and its implications in thermal stress due to heat.

Published
2024
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11. Effect of different levels of whole corn germ on energy values and ileal digestibility in broilers

Author

ELAINY CRISTINA LOPES, CARLOS B.V. RABELLO, GABRIEL M. MACAMBIRA, MARCOS JOSÉ B. DOS SANTOS, CLÁUDIA C. LOPES, CAMILLA R.C. DE OLIVEIRA, JAQUELINE DE CÁSSIA R. DA SILVA, BRUNO A. SILVA, JÚLIO CÉZAR S. NASCIMENTO, APOLÔNIO G. RIBEIRO, and DAYANE A. DA SILVA

Subjects
corn by-product, ether extract, ileal digestibility, metabolizable energy, stationary point, Science
Abstract

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of broiler age (A) and levels of replacement (L) of control diet (CD) on the utilization of energy and nutrients of whole corn germ. 720 one-day-old broilers (b) were allocated at completely randomized design to six treatments and six replicates, in three assays: pre-starter (1-8 days, 10 b/cage), starter (15-22 days, 6 b/cage), and grower (28-35 days, 4 b/cage) phases. The treatments were: CD and four test diets (L): 100, 150, 200, 250, or 300 g kg-1 of the CD replaced by WCG levels. The data were adjusted to the response surface model. The stationary points for apparent energy metabolizable (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) were: 4173 and 3591 kcal kg-1, respectively, and coefficients of gross energy (AMCGE), crude protein (AMCCP), dry matter (AMCDM), and ether extract (AMCEE) were: 49.3, 40.4, 72.6, and 61.3%, respectively; and Ileal digestibility coefficient of crude protein (IDCCP), dry matter (IDCDM), digestibility crude protein values (DCP), and digestibility dry matter value (DDM) were: 78.0, 57.96, 8.50, and 56.17%, respectively. The EP for AMEn was at 18 days of age, 28 g kg-1 WCG. There was a correlation between A and L on digestibility and metabolisability of nutrient’s WCG.

Published
2024
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12. Nutritive Value and Degradation Kinetic Parameters of Three Plants for Feeding Bradypus variegatus Schinz, In Vitro Evaluation

Author

Igor Luiz Carvalho Máximo, Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento, Gilcifran Prestes de Andrade, José Lypson Pinto Simões Izidro, Priscilla Virgínio de Albuquerque, Daniel Bezerra do Nascimento, Janerson José Coêlho, Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins Amorim, Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello, Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão Costa, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello, Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke, Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro, Carolina Louise Nascimento de Santana, and Ricardo Alexandre Silva Pessoa

Subjects
Bradypodidae, chemical composition, Inga sp., in vitro kinetics, Pterodon sp., Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritive value of three feeds (Cecropia sp., Pterodon sp., and Inga sp.) for sloths (Bradypus variegatus), based on nutritional composition and in vitro gas production. After a 14-day adaptation period to these feeds, approximately 500 g of gastric contents were collected from three female sloths, processed, and incubated with the food samples to evaluate digestibility and in vitro degradation kinetics. Regarding the nutritional composition, the neutral detergent fiber (NDFcp) content was higher with 404 g kg−1 DM (p = 0.001) in the leaves of Cecropia sp. The non-fibrous carbohydrate contents were greater with 499 g kg−1 DM in Pterodon sp. (p = 0.002). The greatest cellulose content (211 g kg−1 DM) was found in the leaves of C. pachystachya, as well as the lowest value of 143 g kg−1 DM for hemicellulose. Significant differences in the in vitro digestibility of crude protein (p = 0.041) were observed, with Inga sp. showing the highest value at 547 g kg−1 DM. In terms of kinetic parameters, Pterodon sp. exhibited higher total gas production (Vt) at 99 mL (p = 0.023) and digestion rates of fibrous carbohydrates (kdFC) at 0.0223%/h (p = 0.020) (p < 0.05). The leaves of Pterodon sp. and Inga sp. showed potential as suitable feeds for B. variegatus, while Cecropia sp. may have negative effects on dry matter intake due to its high NDF content, because of possible repletion effects on the stomach.

Published
2024
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13. Performance and quality of eggs of laying hens fed with Moringa Oleifera leaf flour.

Author

Rogério Ventura da Silva Junior, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello, Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke, Cláudia da Costa Lopes, Waleska Rocha Leite de Medeiros Ventura, Elayne de Souza Rocha Soares, Patricia Maria Guedes Paiva, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Apolonio Gomes Ribeiro, Júlio Cézar Dos Santos Nascimento, Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza, and Helia Sharlane de Holanda Oliveira

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of commercial laying hens fed with different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf meal in their diet. For this purpose, 150 laying hens of the Dekalb White lineage, at 62 weeks of age, and with an initial average weight of 1.458 kg ± 8.70g, were used. They were housed in cages measuring 1.00 X 0.40 X 0.45m, equipped with chute-type feeders, automatic cup-type drinkers and chute for collecting eggs. They were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments with five replications of six birds. The treatments consisted of a reference diet, without moringa inclusion, and four test diets with levels of 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6% inclusion of moringa leaf meal. Water was provided ad libitum, and 120 g of feed per bird per day. The total experimental period lasted 122 days. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Dunnett's test at 5% significance and, when significant, subjected to regression analysis. Analysis of the leaf flour revealed the presence of antinutritional factors in small concentrations. It was observed that the addition of moringa to the birds' diet did not influence performance parameters and provided significant increases in the average egg weight according to moringa inclusion levels of 1.5%, 4.5% and 6% when compared to the control diet, as well as a significant increase in the color of the egg yolks for all levels tested (1.5 to 6%). A reduction in Haugh unit values was observed when inclusion levels of moringa were 4.5% and 6%. Despite a reduction in Haugh unit values, they are still within the classification standards. Analysis of the biochemical parameters of the birds' blood serum did not show significant influences according to the levels of moringa inclusion in the diet, although a numerical reduction was observed in the cholesterol levels of birds fed with an inclusion of 6% of leaf flour in the diet, which could possibly be related to the presence of phytochemical compounds, more precisely β-sitosterol. Moringa oleifera leaf meal can be used to feed laying birds without causing harm to the birds' performance, in addition to intensifying the color of the yolks.

Published
2024
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14. Distribuição das artérias coronárias e análise histopatológica do coração de Bradypus variegatus

Author

Priscilla Virgínio de Albuquerque, Sandra Maria de Torres, Emanuela Polimeni de Mesquita, Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento, Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro, Joaquim Evêncio Neto, Gilcifran Prestes de Andrade, Adelmar Afonso de Amorim Júnior, and Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins Amorim

Subjects
Agriculture, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

A preguiça-comum (Bradypus variegatus) tem sido vítima das investidas antrópicas desordenadas, o que tem elevado o número de acidentes e doenças para a espécie. Propôs-se com esse estudo, realizar uma descrição das artérias coronárias, assim como apontar os achados histopatológicos do coração do bicho-preguiça, a fim de favorecer o diagnóstico por imagem, semiologia e clínica médica das espécies. Foram dissecados 18 exemplares de B. variegatus obtidos após morte natural. Quinze deles, sendo 5 machos e 9 fêmeas adultas e 1 jovem, foram fixados com formaldeído e conservados em solução salina. Em 2 machos e 1 fêmea, foi injetado, a partir da artéria carótida comum esquerda, látex corado em vermelho, para tornar as coronárias mais evidentes. Na fêmea também foi injetado através da veia jugular externa direita, látex corado em azul, para evitar equívoco na identificação arterial. Os animais tiveram o tórax aberto a fim de avaliar e retirar o coração para descrição detalhada das artérias coronárias. Para análise histopatológica, foram confeccionadas lâminas histológicas oriundas de corações coletados de 4 animais (3 adultos e 1 jovem). Com base nas análises arteriais, as preguiças possuem duas coronárias: uma a direita e uma a esquerda, que irrigam suas respectivas faces. O coração é composto por endocárdio, miocárdio e epicárdio, semelhante aos mamíferos em geral. Todavia, observou-se necroses endocárdicas, de fibras musculares cardíacas, além de degenerações mixomatosas de válvulas e trombos no lúmen vascular. Esses eventos necróticos, mais extensos, estão relacionados a infartos, enquanto os mais discretos podem ser associados a situações de estresse vivenciadas pelos espécimes.

Published
2024

15. Topographic and morphological aspects of the spleen of Bradypus variegatus (SCHINZ, 1825)

Author

Lucilo Bione da Fonseca Filho, Silvia Fernanda de Alcântara, Maria Eduarda Luiz Coelho de Miranda, Gilcifran Prestes de Andrade, Priscilla Virgínio de Albuquerque, Sandra Maria de Torres, Emanuela Polimeni de Mesquita, Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro, Adelmar Afonso de Amorim Júnior, Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento, and Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins Amorim

Subjects
anatomy, bradypodidae, lymphoid organ, clinic, surgery., Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Sloths are wild animals with arboreal habits, with slow metabolism, found in tropical forests from South America to Central America. However, the lack of knowledge of their anatomy does not favor the conservation of the species in veterinary care centers, due to its peculiar anatomy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the topography and morphology of the spleen of the species Bradypusvariegatus, in order to collect more information to support and assist in the clinical-surgical processes of the species. Eight corpses of B. variegatus, previously fixed with 20% formaldehyde and preserved in 30% saline solution, were dissected for the macroscopic study of the spleen. A healthy animal, living in semi-captivity, was assigned to perform a tomography of the abdominal region, for observation of the spleen, while two specimens were destined for the microscopic study of the organ immediately after death. Based on the data obtained, the spleen presented a topography and tissue composition similar to other mammals, but its morphology, absence of visceral lienal hilum and anatomical arrangement in the abdominal cavity differed from most domestic and wild animals.

Published
2023
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16. Presidency in Peril.

Author

Douaire, George, Amstutz, Marilyn, Montgomery, Cindy, Davis, Charles S., Lockhart, Bruce, Edwards, Pat, Nash, Will, Ramos, Apolonio G., and Holtzhouzer, Michael

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor
Abstract

Presents readers' responses to a variety of articles concerning United States President Bill Clinton's sexual scandal that appeared in the August 31, 1998 issue of `Newsweek.' View that Clinton can no longer lead the United States; Observations on George Stephanopoulos; Hillary Clinton's response to her husband's infidelity.

Published
1998

17. Protect Us From Bigotry.

Author

Ramos, Apolonio G.

Subjects
CHRISTIANS, TOLERATION, MOBS, LETTERS to the editor, CRIME victims
Abstract

Presents a reader's response to the article `Flames of Faith,' that appeared in the January 25, 1999 issue of `Newsweek.' Concern over the spate of attacks by mobs against Christians in India and Indonesia; Views on religious intolerance and bigotry.

Published
1999

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