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This study was planned to bio-fortify hen eggs with natural and synthetic apo-ester and canthanxanthin and evaluate physio-chemical quality parameters. Seventy-two laying hens were allocated into two main groups for eighteen natural and synthetic carotenoids fortified different diets. They were weighed and placed into cages to feed diet fortified with apo-ester and canthanxanthin for 44 days. The results showed a significant effect of natural canthaxanthin and apo-ester on egg breadth, albumin height, yolk color, yolk diameter, yolk index, and haugh units. The effect of natural apo-ester on egg length, yolk color, yolk diameter, yolk index and haugh units is also significant. Combination of natural-canthanxanthin and apo-ester significantly affects yolk color, yolk height, yolk diameter, shape index, yolk index and haugh units. A significant effect of synthetic canthaxanthin on egg breadth, shell thickness, albumin height, yolk color, yolk height, yolk diameter, yolk index, and haugh units was noted. The effect of synthetic apo-ester pigments on yolk color, yolk height, yolk diameter, yolk index and haugh unite were also significant. Synthetic canthanxanthin and apo-ester significantly affect shell thickness, yolk color, yolk height, yolk diameter, shape index, and haugh units. Thus, carotenoid feeding can significantly improve the quality parameters of eggs

This study was carried out to determine the effects on skin pigmentation and rearing parameters of electric yellow cichlid (Labidochromis caeruleus) fed diets containing 4% marigold (Tagetes erecta), 0 and 100 mg/kg synthetic apo-ester for 60 days. Skin colour was measured by colorimetric method using reflectance spectroscopy. Effects of marigold and synthetic apo-ester on colour parameters (L*,a*,b*,Ch, H°ab) of fish were similar (P>0.05). Both carotenoid sources provided higher a yellowness (+b*) value in fish (P0.05). On the other hand, carotenoid sources had no effect on growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate of fish (P, Bu çalışma, %4 kadife çiçeği (Tagetes erecta), 0 ve 100 mg/kg sentetik apo-ester içeren diyetlerle 60 gün beslenen sarı prenses balığının (Labidochromis caeruleus) deri rengi ve yetiştiricilik parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deri rengi, kolorimetrik yöntemle bir yansıtma spektroskopisi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Kadife çiçeği ve sentetik apo-esterin balıkların renk parametreleri (L*,a*,b*,Ch, H°ab) üzerindeki etkilerinin benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir (p>0,05). Her iki karotenoyit kaynağı, karotenoyit içermeyen diyete kıyasla balıklarda daha yüksek bir sarılık (+b*) değeri sağlamış (p0,05). Diğer yandan, karotenoyit kaynaklarının balıkların büyüme performansı, yem değerlendirme ve hayatta kalma oranı üzerinde bir etkisi olmamıştır (p>0,05). Bu çalışma, kadife çiçeğinin sarı prenses balığı diyetlerinde sentetik apo estere alternatif bir doğal karotenoyit kaynağı olarak başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

This trial was carried out to compare the effect of the dietary supplementation of high doses of either synthetic pigment ethyl ester of β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid (apo-ester) or natural pigments, mainly lutein and zeaxanthin, extracted from Tagetes erecta, on egg quality of hens laying brown shell eggs (ISA Brown) and white shell eggs (Hy-Line White W-36). The hens of each strain were divided into 6 groups and fed a corn-soybean basal diet supplemented either with 40, 60, and 80 ppmofapo-ester(APO)orwith120,180,and240ppmofmarigoldextract(MAR).Eggpigmentation rose linearly and significantly (P < 0.01) as the dietary levels of apo-ester increased, but this did not occur when MAR supplementation was used. The amount of β-carotene equivalents in whole liquid egg of MAR treatments was almost constant with varying pigment dietary dose and was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in APO treatments. In both hen strains, whole liquid egg redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were higher with APO supplementation. The egg component weights were highly affected (P < 0.01) by the hen strain, with yolk:egg ratio higher in the Hy-Line. The trial confirms that in spite of the higher level of MAR supplementation, APO has a better efficiency in whole liquid egg pigmentation. The ISA Brown hens showed a better ability to absorb dietary carotenoids than did the Hy-Line White.