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Objective: To determine the number of isolates and drug susceptibility testing of Acinetobacter baumannii at Taksin Hospital. Materials and Methods: A 3-year retrospective descriptive study was conducted between January 2019 and December 2021. Drug susceptibility testing of isolates to 13 drugs, which included amikacin, gentamycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, three carbapenem drugs that were imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, colistin, and tigecycline, were evaluated by standard disk diffusion method and automated microdilution method. Results: One thousand six hundred sixty-five non-duplicate A. baumannii isolates from different patients were detected and included 535 in 2019, 500 in 2020, and 630 in 2021. The patients' ages ranged from three days to 100 years. The median age of patients was 70 years with an interquartile range of 56 to 80 years. A. baumannii was mostly found in patients aged older than 50 years old at 83.6%. They were isolated from sputum in 72.3%, urine in 9%, pus in 6.3%, tissue in 6.3%, and blood in 5.2%. Overall, A. baumannii demonstrated 91.5% and 79.8% susceptibility to colistin and tigecycline, respectively, but less susceptible to other drugs tested, with a range of 0.4% to 32.6%. Drug susceptibility to carbapenem such as imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem were 19.5%, 20%, and 20.9%, respectively. The carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) was found at 77.6%, 80%, and 79.1% in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. For total isolates tested, the mean of CRAB was 78.9±1.2%. Conclusion: The present study results suggested the importance of monitoring A. baumannii at a hospital in Bangkok. Colistin and tigecycline had the high percentages of drug susceptibility rates in vitro. The antibiogram of susceptibility helps provide guidelines for clinician to consider empirical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae at Taksin Hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2020. The bacterial susceptibility of isolates to clindamycin, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, levofloxacin, and vancomycin were evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Bacterial susceptibility to penicillin and cefotaxime were evaluated for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by a strip test (E-test). Results: One hundred and nineteen patients were included, 65.55% male, and the age ranged from three months to 98 years. The median age of patients was 60 years with an interquartile range of 43 to 78 years. Unduplicated pneumococci from different patients were isolated from sputum (70.59%), blood (18.49%), and pus from ears and sinuses (5.04%). S. pneumoniae was demonstrated to be 100% susceptible to vancomycin and levofloxacin but less susceptible to clindamycin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by disk diffusion method. Pneumococci exhibited total multiple drug resistance (MDR) at 31.94%. The predominant MDR pattern was clindamycin + erythromycin + trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (31.10%). The MIC range, MIC50, and MIC90 of penicillin was 0.008 to 3.0, 0.25, and 2.0, and for cefotaxime, it was 0.008 to 1.0, 0.25, and 1.0 µg/mL, respectively. From an extra study to determine serotypes, S. pneumoniae isolated from blood or CSF (n=25) were randomly picked between 2007 and 2021 from Thai IBIS and Taksin Hospital. The three most common serotypes were 19F (20%), 6B (16%), and 6A (12%). Conclusion: These results suggest the importance of monitoring the prevalence of pneumococci. The antibiogram of susceptibility helps provide guidelines for clinician to consider empirical treatment. An antibiogram is an overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of pneumococci to a battery of antimicrobial drugs. Antibiograms are often used by clinicians to assess local susceptibility rates, as an aid in selecting empiric antibiotic therapy, and in monitoring resistance trends over time within an institution. Antibiograms can also be used to compare susceptibility rates across institutions and track resistance trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]