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In recent years, high-end apartments have been chosen by an increasing more customers due to their advantageous features and consumer trends. Therefore, investigating the elements that influence the decision to select a luxury apartment is crucial in providing real estate companies with recommendations, concepts for new projects and strategies to draw in clients. This research analyzes the factors that influence the decision to choose a high-end apartment. This study is based on the psychological makeup and personal preferences influencing the standards for selecting a high-end apartment. The author used exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and second-order linear structural equation modeling (SEM) on the research sample surveyed in Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. This research studied over 300 observations through quantitative analysis using SPSS software. The research results showed five groups of factors that positively impact the decision to choose a high-end apartment: (1) Lifestyle (2) quality of apartment 3) financial factors 4) social environment 5) amenity. This study also offers some suggestions to bring the supply and the demand of luxury apartments in Vietnam closer together thereby helping the Vietnamese real estate market develop sustainably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the growing challenges faced by small family businesses in the competitive property market by proposing strategic interventions specifically designed to sustain and enhance the viability of Allure Realty Group, a family-run enterprise established in 2012 in Jabodetabek. With increasing complexity in the property sector due to urbanization, shifting consumer demands, and stringent regulatory environments, the research aims to develop a robust strategic framework. The methodology involves a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, including surveys and interviews, to identify key problems and collect data. Analytical tools such as the Marketing Mix 7P, VRIO Framework, and STP Analysis for internal factors, and PESTLE Analysis, Porter's Five Forces, Competitor and Customer Analysis for external factors are used to conduct SWOT and TOWS analyses for strategic development. The study hypothesizes that targeted strategies will significantly improve the business's resilience and competitiveness in the market. Key objectives include identifying challenges faced by Allure Realty Group, developing strategies to address these issues, and implementing actions to improve operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and market expansion. The expected outcomes are enhanced operational frameworks, increased customer satisfaction, and a larger market share, contributing to the business's long-term sustainability. This research contributes to business management theory by providing insights into strategies for small family businesses in rapidly evolving markets. The findings aim to bridge traditional business values with modern management practices, offering valuable guidance for both academic researchers and business practitioners in navigating the complexities of the property industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increased presence of women at home, unfavourable living conditions affect them disproportionately. This situation makes it essential to consider their lifestyle, needs, and preferences when designing housing. This exploratory study collected data through the utilization of qualitative research techniques, including semi-structured interviews and observations. The cohort comprised twenty women, ranging in age from 20 to 40, who were intentionally selected from Tehran province. Using the MAX QDA software, the interview data was coded. Additionally, diagrams that were oriented toward behavior and space were constructed. The findings highlight the pivotal role of rooms within residential spaces in women's lives, and it revealed that the contemporary social, economic, and cultural conditions of Iran have shaped a distinct lifestyle among women in this age, significantly impacting their housing preferences. The perceived environmental attributes of young women—“efficiency and functionality, beauty and order, privacy, flexibility and adaptability, cleanliness, and hygiene”—are crucial design elements for rooms in residential apartment units. Furthermore, physical characteristics including illumination, ventilation conditions, heating and cooling, the number of bedrooms, interior furniture and its arrangement, texture and color of materials, window views and their exposure, lighting, room size and other proportions, spatial configuration, noise pollution, ventilation conditions, and heating and cooling systems are also taken into consideration. In order to accommodate the lifestyle of young women, it is critical to contemplate appropriate areas for sleeping, working, and leisure, while also guaranteeing personal seclusion and integrating personal preferences and cultural sensitivity into the design of the room.

Unbundled residential off-street car parking, where spaces are purchased or rented separately to housing, has been shown to reduce car ownership and use, and improve housing affordability. However, there is little understanding of the potential for unbundling parking in the context of residential apartment buildings, including the characteristics of apartment residents who are receptive to unbundling. This research explores the potential for unbundling off-street car parking based on a survey of apartment residents (n = 424) in Melbourne, Australia. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression modelling, supplemented by qualitative comments from survey respondents. Over one-third (35%) of apartment households were found to experience a mismatch between the supply and demand of their allocated off-street car parking, either having too much or too little parking relative to the number of cars they owned. Around 42% of apartment residents indicated receptiveness to unbundling off-street car parking. Living in a household with 2+ cars was found to increase the odds of being receptive to unbundling by over 3 times. Given the misallocation of off-street car parking relative to household car ownership in apartment buildings, the results imply that efforts could be directed towards unbundling off-street car parking from apartment housing, while carefully managing any associated risks. Future research could seek to explore the potential for unbundling car parking for other land uses and in other jurisdictions. • Draws on a survey of apartment residents (n = 424) in Melbourne, Australia. • 35% of respondents experienced a mismatch in their allocation of off-street car parking. • 42% of respondents indicated receptiveness to unbundling off-street car parking. • Living in a household with 2+ cars increased the odds of being receptive to unbundling by >3 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the development of residential property development nowadays, is growing rapidly. This is also influenced by the increasing need of the population for housing on increasingly limited land, so the government is trying to develop vertical housing. Amid increasingly poor air quality, many people are considering healthy and clean housing. The current condition of apartments as multi-story residences is often faced with crucial energy performance problems. One of the most common examples is hygiene factors and indoor thermal discomfort caused by daily activities of temperature changes and vertical temperature stratification. In response to the two problems above, developers are trying to get buildings with green building certification from GBCI as one way to create green housing. This study aims to create parameters for assessing the performance of conventional apartments and Green Building-certified apartments in tropical areas in several aspects, especially in Indonesia. as a consideration in reviewing the cleanliness and health of an apartment. The data collection method used is a literature study from several related sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increased presence of women at home, unfavourable living conditions affect them disproportionately. This situation makes it essential to consider their lifestyle, needs, and preferences when designing housing. This exploratory study collected data through the utilization of qualitative research techniques, including semi-structured interviews and observations. The cohort comprised twenty women, ranging in age from 20 to 40, who were intentionally selected from Tehran province. Using the MAX QDA software, the interview data was coded. Additionally, diagrams that were oriented toward behavior and space were constructed. The findings highlight the pivotal role of rooms within residential spaces in women's lives, and it revealed that the contemporary social, economic, and cultural conditions of Iran have shaped a distinct lifestyle among women in this age, significantly impacting their housing preferences. The perceived environmental attributes of young women--"efficiency and functionality, beauty and order, privacy, flexibility and adaptability, cleanliness, and hygiene"--are crucial design elements for rooms in residential apartment units. Furthermore, physical characteristics including illumination, ventilation conditions, heating and cooling, the number of bedrooms, interior furniture and its arrangement, texture and color of materials, window views and their exposure, lighting, room size and other proportions, spatial configuration, noise pollution, ventilation conditions, and heating and cooling systems are also taken into consideration. In order to accommodate the lifestyle of young women, it is critical to contemplate appropriate areas for sleeping, working, and leisure, while also guaranteeing personal seclusion and integrating personal preferences and cultural sensitivity into the design of the room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study intends to explore the factors that lead to an increase in place attachment of apartments in residents' attitudes toward applying for housing. After analyzing previous research on connectivity, five major components that affect place attachment were identified: perceptual-cognitive, social, historic-cultural, physical, and economic factors. Field research involving 73 Tehran mid-rise apartment residents utilized textual-visual questionnaires to investigate these factors, employing open coding and content analysis for data interpretation. Despite subtle contextual changes, the findings support the relevance of the identified components. According to the participants, influencing factors listed as environmental, sociocultural, perceptual-cognitive, economic, and historic emphasize the relevance of the first five; however, the details, order, and synthesis differ somewhat from those in the research reviewed. Furthermore, based on the literature reviewed, the study concluded a three spatial scale named globalurban-property for the home connectivity scope, with varying strengths. Additionally, based on the field study conducted, the paper added two sub-scales to the property scale, specifically within the context of an apartment. These sub-scales are building and unit. City, community, and neighborhood are subscales of the urban scale. The global scale is also related to the country, which was not highlighted in the context of the present study since all participants were Iranian. Thus, the spatial scales of place attachment for apartments include city, community, neighborhood, building, and unit. Analyses highlight the relationship between a sense of belonging, influencing factors, and spatial scales. The study concludes that residents' place attachment is a protracted process that includes building/unit allocation and context-sensitive design considerations. In conclusion, changes in the sociocultural setting impact inhabitants' perceptions of place attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of using prefabricated facade materials on the embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE) consumption of apartment buildings. To analyze the total EE, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted, which calculated the EE from cradle-to-use each of the products employed. In addition, a building energy simulation was performed for the case study building using various prefabricated facade materials to assess its OE. The findings reveal that the selection of facade wall materials with low energy intensity must be favored to optimize building energy and that layered materials, such as insulated panels, can reduce the cooling energy load due to their higher thermal resistance (r- values). Furthermore, the LCA results showed that solid precast concrete materials with thicknesses of 120 and 150 mm have EE and greenhouse gas emissions that are more than twice the average of all materials tested. In contrast, uninsulated Glass-Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GRC) removable walls (disassembly panels) exhibited the lowest EE, corresponding to 50% of the average. Finally, the results of the OE simulations using EnergyPlus software indicate that insulated GRC removable walls with a thickness of 120 mm can reduce the cooling energy load by 29.5% compared to precast concrete facades.

Copyright of Erdem is the property of Ataturk Kultur Merkezi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aims to explore the spatial externalities of apartment vacancy rates on housing rent by considering multiple vacancy durations. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses smart meter data to measure unobservable vacant houses. This study made a significant contribution by applying building-level smart meter data to housing market analysis. It examined whether vacancy duration significantly affected apartment rent and whether the relationship between apartment rent and vacancy rate differed depending on the level of housing rent. Findings: The primary finding indicates that there is a significant negative correlation between apartment rent and vacancy duration. Considering the spatial externalities of apartment vacancy rates, the apartment vacancy rates of surrounding buildings did not show any statistical significance. Moreover, quantile regression results indicate that although the bottom 10% of apartment rent levels showed a negative correlation with all vacancy durations, the top 10% showed no statistical significance related to vacancies. Practical implications: This study measures the extent of spatial externalities that can differentiate taxation based on housing vacancies. Originality/value: The findings indicate that landlords have asymmetric information about their buildings compared with the surrounding buildings, and the extent to which price adjusts for long-term vacancies differs depending on the level of apartment rent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population growth, increased housing requirements, and a lack of available land in urban areas motivate developers to construct vertical housing. Vertical occupancy reduces social interaction between occupants, leading to the development of individualistic characteristics. This is due to the fact that the design does not encourage inhabitants to interact with one another. This research seeks to identify the design criteria necessary to construct a social structure in a vertical residence. This study's methodology consisted of three stages: data collection, analysis, and synthesis. Where quantitative and qualitative data are collected using a combined research methodology. Retrieve quantitative data through questionnaires to ascertain the social interaction habits of vertical occupancy users. While qualitative methods, such as literature and precedent studies, such as Home Farm Singapore and The Rosebay Surabaya, are used to identify existing issues. The analysis phase consists of descriptive statistics to interpret the questionnaire results, as well as a description of the analysis based on the research variables used, such as accessibility, users, individuality, adaptability, and others. The results of the synthesis phase will be design criteria that can enhance the social value of vertical housing

This study aims at identifying and understanding the perception level of the housing conditions of young married couples when entering parenthood and their reasons for leaving or extending their residence in their currently occupied apartment units. Place attachment, which plays a key role in placemaking for young married couples, as prominent tenants, comprises their perceived satisfaction with physical features and social connectedness in apartments in Jakarta. The study, which takes a mixed-methods with embedded quantitative-emphasized design approach, shows that many young married couples with preadolescent children extend their residence in their apartments due to the unit's suitability with their housing preferences and tenurial security, and due to dual homeownership. Others, however, opt to leave due to a poor social environment and management quality, which decrease the strength of social connectedness among tenants. The results suggest that social connectedness and its strength play a formidable role in terms of supporting place attachment to an apartment in Jakarta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental problems such as land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and groundwater contamination are the impacts of groundwater exploitation in hotel and apartment buildings in the city of Semarang. This research was conducted on ten buildings using a four-model approach to water conservation, which includes rainwater harvesting, water-saving plumbing fixtures, the reuse of recycled water from gray water, and condensate water from air conditioners in buildings. The results showed that rainwater harvesting contributes 13.12-166.77% of the total building water demand, depending on the size of the catchment area of the building. Rainwater harvesting can be combined with infiltration wells, but the research location is relatively shallow; the groundwater depth is less than 1 meter, so infiltration wells cannot be applied. The use of water-saving plumbing fixtures accounts for 6.4% of the total building water demand. Likewise, with gray water, the reuse of recycled water from gray water contributes 59.87-69.71% of the total building water demand. Gray water is treated at STP, then flows to RWT, then flows to WTP to be treated. Gray water should not be mixed with black water so that the treatment load at the STP and WTP is not too large. Finally, condensate water from air conditioners in buildings is no less important to note; although it contributes only 1.43% of the total building water demand, it plays a role in creating green buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amendment to the income tax laws, introduced in 2022 in Poland, made it impossible for entrepreneurs, among other things, to include depreciation deductions on residential property in their tax-deductible costs. The aim of the article is to analyse the provisions introducing the above limitation, i.e., Article 22c point 2 of the Personal Income Tax Act and Article 16 point 2a of the Corporate Income Tax Act, and their consequences for entrepreneurs. The author also discusses the constitutionality of the provisions and the possibility of tax optimization consisting in avoiding the negative consequences of their application. The considerations are mainly based on the analysis of the Polish legal acts, as well as the case law of tax authorities and administrative courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housing quality is assessed through housing annoyance but it is generally assessed partially. Identifying some sources of annoyance can lead to vulnerability to other disturbances. Bandung city as a city with the largest vertical residential supply in Indonesia is facing a transformative phase towards high-density housing. At the same time, online user reviews has become a way to identify individual's perception of a product/service. By considering ratings in online user reviews as the level of dissatisfaction, researchers have identified the quality of vertical housing by reviewing the relationship between housing annoyance, housing satisfaction attached to annoyance (then called SAA), rating, and the occupancy attitudes. Data was collected from 468 online apartment user reviews on Google Map. The review and rating text data was analysed qualitatively using content analysis. The relationships between the evaluation of housing quality and attitude were analysed by using correspondence analysis. From the analysis, there are three groups of apartment housing quality, namely the aspects of requirements, supplementary, and complementary. The requirement aspect relates to the unavailability of basic residential needs which consists of disturbances that threaten safety and security, physiological annoyance, and poor management. The unavailability of basic needs causes a person not to recommend or even move to a better residential unit/apartment. The supplementary aspect indicates the supporting aspects of good residential quality, which include functional flexibility, aesthetics and good comfort, strategic location, large economic benefits, and good management. The complementary aspect represents good physical management and service. If the supplementary and complementary aspects are fulfilled, users will recommend the apartment to the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The fulfillment of the right to housing is a national problem that must be resolved. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia which faces problems in fulfilling the right to housing. The apartment area has been built to respond to these problems. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze the management and licensing of apartments in Jakarta City. Methods of the Research: This research is a normative juridical research. It uses several approaches, namely the statute approach, the conceptual approach, and the comparative approach. The type of data used consists of primary legal materials, namely the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Settlement Areas, Law Number 20 of 2011 concerning Apartments. Results of the Research: Based on the results of the study, it was found that there were many cases, for example the case in Decision concerning the Privatization of SPAM and the unilateral determination of BPPL between the Sentul City against PT Sentul City. Based on this case, there was a legal uncertainty regarding the management and licensing of the apartment area in Jakarta

The purpose of this study is to discuss issues related to housing credits. This credit plays the most significant role in the portfolio of bank credits for households. At the same time, it is the most popular credit among customers who are natural persons. The basic issues related to housing credit were discussed at the beginning of the article. The research and inquiries were carried out on the basis of studies of the literature on the subject and reports of the institutions of the Polish financial market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the scarcity of sustainable features in apartment buildings and the gap between consumer demand and construction. It emphasizes the challenges of shared management and proposes policy reforms to promote sustainability in project feasibility, design implementation, property valuation, shared services, consumer information, and joint ownership considerations.

While determining the value of various housing attributes can vary between sales and rental markets, market participants may use the sales comparison approach as a common strategy. Due to the intransparent and illiquid nature of the housing market, the method provides a simple way for market participants in the two different markets to agree on prices. We show that a strong dependence tendency of market participants on market price information is commonly observed in both the sales and the rental market. Using spatial econometrics for 17,500 apartment rents and sales data respectively in Berlin, Germany, we find that the dependence tendency in the rental market is significant, and it is comparable with that in the sales market. In particular, the results are robust within the restricted market setting of increased regulation for rent. These findings are robust over various spatial specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public interest in indoor air quality has rapidly increased in Korean society, and ventilation systems can play an essential role in improving indoor air quality. This study aims to estimate the reduction in indoor CO2 and radon, which can be effectively mitigated by air exchange, according to the operation of mechanical ventilation in an apartment with the national standard housing size (85 m2) and shape in Korea. The time required to meet Korea's mandatory indoor CO2 standard (1000 ppm) was 167, 98, 66, and 51 min under air change rates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ACH (air change per hour), respectively. Regarding indoor radon, the removal rate increased with increased ventilation volume, and the minimum concentration level was low and sustained for a prolonged duration. Nonetheless, an air change rate of 0.5 ACH may not offer sufficient ventilation. Additionally, it is imperative to note that indoor radon concentrations tend to escalate swiftly when a mechanical ventilation system is deactivated. Thus, to enhance indoor air quality, it is necessary to reconsider strategies to augment the air change rate and guarantee uninterrupted ventilation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to determine typical layouts of residential buildings, even in developing countries for standardization towards a zero-carbon society. In Indonesia, housing development in cities continues rising in parallel with high urbanization rates. This study aims to determine the typical layouts of apartments in Indonesia through qualitative and quantitative building typological analyses. A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using the building drawing information constructed across Indonesia from 1986 to 2021. A total of 268 public apartments and 268 private apartments from several major cities were included in the datasets, respectively. As a result, six typical layouts for public apartments and thirteen typical layouts for private apartments were determined for both 1BR and 2BR units. Furthermore, four typical unit layouts from public and private apartments associated with building-scale classifications were proposed, respectively, as the base models for the current typical apartments in Indonesia. The results showed that Indonesian public apartments tended to sacrifice semi-open spaces, such as a wide corridor and an internal void space, to increase the size of units and the number of rooms. Meanwhile, most private apartments were constructed with double-loaded corridor systems without internal voids, which potentially cause poor natural ventilation. The proposed typical layouts will be useful for further building simulations as standard testing models, such as to determine the appropriate cooling techniques for low-carbon apartments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Australia, as in many other countries, private high-density housing is typically marketed as the domain of middle- and higher-income residents. But, in practice, it accommodates many lower-income households. These households often live in mixed-income communities alongside wealthier neighbours, but, because of constrained budgets, they rely more heavily on access to community services and facilities. This has implications for public infrastructure planning in high-density neighbourhoods where private property ownership dominates. In this article, we examine two neighbourhood case studies within the same local government area in Sydney that have sizable populations of lower-income households living in apartments, but which provide markedly different day-to-day experiences for residents. We consider the causes of these varying outcomes and implications for neighbourhood-scale planning and development. The article argues that coordinated and collaborative planning processes are key to ensuring that the needs of lower-income households are met in privately developed apartment neighbourhoods.

Developing an area can be started with infrastructure development. One example of such infrastructure is an apartment with a function as a means of residence and economic development in the area around the apartment. The South Tangerang X Apartment development project is one of the objects studied in this research. This study aims to select alternative materials for floor work based on the building cycle using life cycle cost (LCC) analysis with such a large project value. The research method used is Pareto diagram analysis to select the work to be analyzed. The LCC analysis uses a present worth analysis method with a gate-to-gate phase. This study indicates that the LCC analysis on Apartment Project X South Tangerang found the results on alternative KR1B HT floor work, namely alternative 2 of IDR. 1,437,912,015 on the KR1A HT flooring; the chosen alternative is alternative 2 of IDR. 989,177,787 on the chosen alternative KR4 HT floor work, namely alternative 2 of IDR. 1,510,914,248, and for the KR5A marble floor, the chosen alternative is alternative 2 of IDR. 617,202,771. The result of the LCC generated savings of IDR. 2,364,054,553.

The construction of multi-family residential buildings to provide affordable housing solutions has led to the need to find ways to manage the common areas and other communal facilities in these collective housing developments. Residents who are accustomed to single-family housing often find it difficult to adapt to a more communal way of life. This article describes a case study aimed at evaluating the condominium management and its satisfaction components in a multi-family housing complex built in the Baixada Santista Metropolitan Region in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, to accommodate families relocated from favelas. The study involved applying questionnaires to residents and condominium managers (síndicos), and conducting a series of interviews with community leaders and professionals from public agencies and the condominium management sector, as well as field visits. Multivariate analysis and measurement uncertainty were used to assess the relationship between variables. The study confirmed that the question of buildings maintenance plays a major role in condominium issues since, as well as putting whole complexes and residents at risk, maintenance involves engineering and administrative aspects likely to generate future costs if not appropriately carried out. Although the case study focuses on a project acclaimed by government agencies and some experts as a good example of affordable social housing, we found that the development has drawbacks similar to those found in the literature, such as interpersonal relationship difficulties, problems of cultural and financial adaptation to the condominium model, maintainability issues, and the occurrence of construction defects, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article considers the issue what moment/moments shall be deemed as the beginning of the period for finding defects in two objects obtained und the developer agreement, i.e., a flat/a single-family house (1) and land, on which the single-family house/building in which the apartment is located is erected (2). The above-mentioned issue has already been commented on by the doctrine, but only in relation to the building. Thus, this study supplements the above-mentioned considerations.

Passive houses have strong thermal insulation and airtightness of doors and windows, and they are generally used in cold climates. This case study aims to evaluate the energy-saving potential of this technology in the hot-summer and cold-winter areas (Cf in Köppen climate classification) of China. The results show that after enhancing the thermal insulation and airtightness, the energy consumption in winter significantly decreased by 62% overall. However, the energy consumption of cooling in the transition season and summer increased, which is caused by overheating. Hybrid ventilative cooling and shading can solve this problem. In particular, when the indoor temperature range is set to the adaptive thermal comfort of natural ventilation, the energy consumption from air conditioner cooling can be greatly reduced by 81% overall. Passive houses combined with ventilative cooling has significant application value in this climate zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article shows the study about functional concepts of a small apartment. For the research the author has chosen 27,3 m² apartment from the estate „Za Żelazną Bramą" in Warsaw. The study works on the optimization of minimum apartment model for 1-2 occupants that could meet contemporary standards. The study has proved that the original layout of the apartment can be improved to bring it closer to contemporary requirements. It turned out that improvements and changes mainly concerned dimensions and arrangement of the kitchen and bathroom. Theliving space could also be modified -- good results have been obtained by implementing innovative details. The last simulation performed in the research (purely hypothetical) showed that the best optimization result could be obtained by slightly enlarging the basic plan of the apartment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for vertical residential development, particularly in urban areas, contributes to regional income growth through the collection of building taxes. In Indonesia, the vertical building is one of the non-standard objects applying an individual tax building assessment based on the building component cost list (BCCL) table in determining the value of the payable tax. However, the existing assessment system still cannot show the actual value of the building due to its limitations. Consequently, the building tax assessment process is ineffective and inefficient regarding assessment time and value accuracy. This study investigates the utilization of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the assessment process of building taxation, considering a high-rise apartment building in Indonesia as the case study. The findings show that compared to the existing system, the final building value used as the basis in the tax assessment can be generated more accurately, involving a detailed calculation of dimensions and variations of building materials. It can be concluded that BIM's capability to recognize building objects, extract quantity, and calculate automatically can help improve the objectivity of the assessment results and time efficiency in the tax assessment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lift adalah angkutan transportasi vertikal yang digunakan untuk mengangkut orang atau barang. Lift mobil pada umumnya banyak pada area gedung seperti apartemen yang bagus, biasanya memiliki rasio parkir 1:1. Artinya, untuk setiap unit apartemen disediakan setidaknya satu lahan parkir. Kebutuhan lahan parkir akan semakin mendesak. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan populasi penduduk yang semakin meningkat, maka kebutuhan kendaraan pribadi juga ikut meningkat. Power supply digunakan untuk sumber tegangan untuk controller dan akuator dari alat ini. RFID merupakan input yang difungsikan untuk pendeteksi data pemilik apartemen. Arduino Uno berfungsi sebagai pemproses input dan output pada rangkaian mengolah data sehingga alat dapat berfungsi seperti pada tujuan perancangan alat. Motor Stepper berfungsi untuk menggerakkan titik parkir ke titik lainnya yang sudah ditentukan. LCD digunakan sebagai output untuk menampilkan informasi data pemilik apartemen.

Cycling can offer a range of benefits for individuals and society, yet factors influencing bicycle ownership and use are not well understood, particularly among apartment residents where the provision of bicycle parking is stipulated by planning requirements. A survey of 480 apartment residents was undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, with results analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression modelling. Results show that households owned 0.86 bicycles on average, much higher than the current bicycle parking requirement of 0.2 spaces per household for new apartment developments. Additionally, 28% of respondents reported using a bicycle in the last week. Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use included various socio-demographics, attitudes, preferences, and built environment and transport characteristics. In general, these factors were far more extensive than previous studies that have considered all housing types together. Notably, the availability of off-street bicycle parking was found to increase the odds of an apartment household owning one bicycle, compared with none, by more than two times. The results imply that increasing bicycle ownership and use among apartment residents requires a multifaceted approach, including adequate bicycle parking requirements that vary both spatially and by apartment size, along with programs and events that can foster positive attitudes towards cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a method for evaluation of internal apartment flexibility in multi-family housing with respect to its specific application to contemporary residential architecture of the city of Nis (Southeastern Serbia). The presented method is based on an analysis, in which the subject of evaluation is assessed through the spatial criteria that are directly related to the concept of flexibility. Obtained qualitative results sum up the observations of the current methodology of architectural design for a specific urban environment in the context of the circumstances of the housing market and the basic characteristics of households in Serbia as a country in transition. The ultimate goal of this research is to create a program basis of flexible housing that would be implemented in the process of sustainable design and could be applied both at the local and national level, providing guidelines on global housing development as well.

Apartman konusunun incelenmesi; dönemin mimarlık anlayışı, yaşam kurgusu ve teknolojisi üzerine bilgi edinmeye kaynaklık etmektedir. İstanbul özelinde apartman yapılarının incelenmesinin amacı, ilk apartman örneklerini barındırması ve tarihsel süreklilikte yapılardaki değişimin izlerini aramaya kaynaklık etmesidir. Dört bölümden oluşan makalenin birinci bölümünde apartmanın tanımı yapılmış, Dünya’da ortaya çıkışı incelenmiş ve önemli örneklerine yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde İstanbul özelinde Galata ve Pera’da ortaya çıkıp gelişim gösteren apartman tipi yerleşimler üzerinde durulmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde ise İstanbul’da apartmanın gelişim süreci; Mısır, Ceylan ve NoXX Apartmanları ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde ise ele alınan yapıların plan ve cepheleri karşılaştırılmış, tarihsel süreklilikte apartman yapılarının değişimi anlaşılmaya çalışılmış ve üç dönem yapısının hem plan hem de cephe kurgusunda farklılaşmalar gözlenmiştir.

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Copyright of Journal of Abant Social Sciences / Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Abant Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the recent global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many people are voluntarily or compulsorily required to stay at home and even work from home for several long and laborious periods. This is likely to happen in the future. Hence, a concern about the quality of living places has arisen, particularly in semi-open spaces, drawing more attention from users. This paper aims to measure the role, function, and influence of the balcony as a semi-open space in apartment living during the lockdown, by considering contributing factors in the function of balconies, including size, view, orientation, safety, and proximity together with residents' preferences about balconies in two case studies with distinct approaches to balcony design. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire survey has been conducted and 322 residents in Tavus Tower and Mehr Housing Project located in Bandar-Anzali, Iran, participated. Based on collected data, the behavioural and functional performance of balconies and residents' preferences were analysed by the IBM SPSS Statistics program. Results revealed that a high percentage of dwellers asserted the importance of having a decent balcony in an apartment and its far-reaching impact on boosting mental health and tolerating the prolonged pandemic. Also, the higher ratio of the area of a balcony to the floor area of an apartment, nature view from balcony, close proximity to the living room, and a higher sense of safety from balcony's components can be regarded by architects to enhance the time of using balconies and the satisfaction of apartment users in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Housing Environment / Środowisko Mieszkaniowe is the property of Chair of Housing Environment, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cumhuriyetin kurulması ve sonrasında Sanayi Devriminin/endüstrileşmenin etkilerinin kentlerde hissedilmeye başlamasıyla konut sorunu ortaya çıkmıştır. Apartman tipi konut da en önemli konut sunum biçimlerinden bir tanesi olup, kentlerde kapladıkları alanlar dolayısıyla önem taşımaktadır. Çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Konya kenti de konut sorunundan etkilenmiştir. Bu nedenle farklı dönemlerde farklı tipte apartmanlar kentte yerini almıştır. Belirlenen dört dönem içinde üçer adet seçilen apartman tipi konutlarla, çalışmada on iki adet apartman mekân kurgusu bağlamında irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı ise; konutun en önemli birimlerinden olan, yatma-uyuma-dinlenme-giyinme bazen yıkanma gibi temel ihtiyaçları karşılayan “yatak odası” mekânının, belirlenen dönemler içindeki değişimini irdelemek olarak belirlenmiştir. İncelenen örneklerin planları üzerinden yapılan mekân okuması, erişim grafiği ve görünür alan analizleriyle yatak odası biriminin değişimi tartışmaya açılmak istenmiştir. Konutun en kişisel/mahrem mekânı olan yatak odasının değişimini tartışmaya açmak ve gelecek çalışmalara referans olmak amacıyla bu çalışmanın önemli olacağı öngörülmektedir.

• Comparison of three AC systems in different climate regions was conducted. • Reheat energy consumption accounts for the large proportion in split AC system. • The SDAC system has the best temperature control. • The LDAC system has the best relative humidity control. • A dividing line is developed to achieve the suitable AC system in different areas. Liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) system and solid desiccant air conditioning (SDAC) system have strong dehumidification capability. To evaluate and compare their feasibility and applicability, performance analysis of these two air conditioning systems and the conventional split air conditioning (AC) system in apartment buildings was conducted under different climates in China. Results show that SDAC system has the best temperature control and LDAC system has the best relative humidity control with the same requirements. In hot and humid cities, 45% relative humidity can be reached and stably maintained by LDAC system in summer when the relative humidity set point is 50%. While for apartment building controlled by split AC system and SDAC system, indoor air relative humidity could even reach 65% in summer. LDAC system is most efficient in hot and humid cities. In cold and dry cities, split AC system performs better than other two systems. Moreover, a dividing line between areas where LDAC system is more efficient and areas where split AC system is more efficient is developed in this paper. Areas where LDAC system is more efficient are mainly distributed in the coastal areas, Yangtze River basin and south of the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]