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Words can convey subtle cultural stereotypes and perpetuate subconscious gender biases. Wording in job advertisements that appeals to 1 gender and deters others may unintentionally skew the applicant pool and affect the early phase of the recruitment process. "Masculine" tone can lead to decreased interest among women applicants while 'feminine' wording may not affect a man's decision to apply for the job. In this study, we evaluated the presence and extent of subtle gender bias in job advertisements for radiology faculty positions.All job postings for faculty radiologists were retrieved from the American College of Radiology Career Center website in July 2020. The complete job advertisement was analyzed using Gender Decoder, a publicly available web-based application, to determine number and percentage of female or male coded words and the overall tone of the ad. The job posts were also stratified by subspecialty, leadership positions and academic versus private practice environments.Of the 623 job postings reviewed, a little over half (52.0%) of job postings were feminine coded, 26.6% had a masculine tone and 21.3% had a neutral tone. Of the leadership (division director) positions, 50.0% (4/8) had a masculine tone, 37.5% had a feminine tone, and 12.5% had a neutral tone. Among various specialties, pediatric radiology had the lowest percentage of job posts with a masculine tone (10.5%) while nuclear medicine had the highest percentage (41.7%). The most commonly used feminine words were: "support," "responsible," "commitment" and the most common masculine words were: "competitive," "leader," "active."Most of the imaging job advertisements were feminine coded, with masculine tone in overall 26.6% posts and neutral tone in about a fifth. Leadership posts had a higher percentage of masculine tone. Awareness of these biases is important to enable diversity in recruitment and to ensure a diverse applicant pool.

Social activists sometimes engage in a form of workplace activism that involves using their employer organization as an unofficial platform to communicate social issue messages to external stakeholders. This type of activism follows a different logic from that of more-familiar citizen activism, in which citizens directly target society and its institutions, and that of organizational-change activism, in which employees aim to influence their employer organization. This article develops and tests theory to understand this phenomenon of organization-as-platform activism, using the National Football League “Take a Knee” employee athlete protests as an empirical context. Drawing on past research on social movements and employee activism, we offer a theoretical comparison of these three forms of activism—citizen, organizational-change, and organization-as-platform—to conceptually distinguish them and to theorize factors that uniquely predict the occurrence of platform activism. We find evidence of predictors associated with the attributes of the organizational platform and those of the intended stakeholder audience. Organization-as-platform activism is associated with the accessibility and openness of the organizational platform for messaging use, the visibility of the organizational platform for message transmission, and the receptivity of the targeted stakeholder audience. As employees increasingly bring their non-work identities and beliefs into the workplace, our findings invite new research on the outcomes of platform activism for organizations, the implications of such activism for organizational stakeholder strategy, and the relation between platform activism and employee prosocial voice.

The world of computer networks and information technology is evolving at an enormous rate. In which cloud computing is one of the few methods to provide users with the data, resources in a more efficient way. Cloud computing is seen as a more advanced version of computer grid inclusive of virtualization and resources sharing. Distributed computing over the internet is another new innovative technique using storage and the internet as one. "The Cloud" is an idea used to portray the virtual idea of advanced stockpiling, which can mean the information is put away on workers genuinely positioned in numerous geological areas. Cloud computing is the method for getting to a common pool of configurable assets that can be quickly given, utilized and delivered with insignificant exertion with respect to clients or specialist organizations. Cloud computing is arising at the combination of three significant patterns—administration direction, virtualization and normalization of storing through the Internet

This inquiry focuses on liposomes as its subject matter. Liposomes are an excellent means of increasing the period of time during which an impact is active from hours to months. In the current investigation, liposomal formulations of metformin hydrochloride were created and analysed by the researchers. Because its plasma half-life is much shorter than that of other drugs (t1/2 = 1.5 h), the patient has to take the drug more often in order to keep its concentration in steady state plasma. In this study, liposomal formulations of metformin were tested for drug entrapment, surface characterisation, in-vitro drug release investigations, release kinetics, and their underlying processes. Study concludes that the development of liposomal solutions of metformin hydrochloride was a fruitful endeavour.

A 47-year-old man presented with intussusception of the colon and was found to have a large tubulo-villous adenoma with high grade dysplasia, transforming into adenocarcinoma. The bowel adjacent to the polyp showed florid vascualr proliferation, mimicking a vascular neoplasm. However, there were no signs of atypia or malignancy in the vascular lesion. We illustrate an example of chronic obstruction inducing hypoxia, leading to neo-angiogenesis, histologically masquerading as a vascular neoplasm.

Microemulsions are excellent candidates as potential drug delivery systems because of their improved drug solubilization, long shelf life, and ease of preparation and administration. The formulation of microemulsion for pharmaceutical use requires a thorough understanding of the properties uses, and limitations of the microemulsion. Three distinct microemulsions – oil external, water external and middle phase can be used for drug delivery, depending upon the type of drug delivery upon the type of drug and the site of action. In this article, Since the term micro emulsion’ was first coined almost fifty years ago to describe clear, isotropic, thermodynamically stable systems composed of oil, water, surfactant and cosurfactant, numerous and varied reports of the applications of microemulsions have appeared in the literature. Reports of the use of microemulsions in separation science began to appear in the literature in the early 1990’s when they were first used as mobile phases for HPLC and as carrier electrolytes for CE separations, particularly for pharmaceutical applications.

We examined the status of women's representation on radiology journal editorial boards around the world and evaluated temporal trends in female board representation.Data on the gender of editorial board members, deputy editors, and editors-in-chief of top general radiology journals from the United States and from five continents outside North America was collected, based on listings in mastheads of each journal at 5-year intervals from 1998 to 2018. Female editorial board representation was compared to female membership in national professional radiology organizations and national physician registries.One of 42 editors-in-chief (2.4%), 24 of 135 deputy editors (17.8%), and 345 of 2545 (13.6%) editorial board members were female for the 20-year period. The overall percentage of female editorial board members increased from 9.7% (41 of 423) in 1998 to 17.0% (97 of 569) in 2018 (p0.0001). In 2018, women were less represented on the editorial boards than female professional society membership for all geographic regions except Australia/New Zealand; this difference reached statistical significance in Korea, Brazil, Europe, and China. Female editorial board representation ranged from 11.3% to 33.3%, with no significant difference between the United States (21.5%) and other countries.Although the proportion of female editorial board members of radiology journals worldwide has increased over the past two decades, female editorial board composition generally underrepresents the percentage of female radiologists. Editorial board female representation does not differ significantly between the United States and other countries.

With advances in biotechnology, genomics, and combinatorial chemistry, a wide variety of new, more potent and specific therapeutics are being created. Because of common problems such as low solubility, high potency, and/or poor stability of many of these new drugs, the means of drug delivery can impact efficacy and potential for commercialization as much as the nature of the drug itself. Thus, there is a corresponding need for safer and more effective methods and devices for drug delivery. Microspheres having particle size in range between 0.1-200 µm, can be delivered by several routes like oral, parentral, nasal, ophthalmic, transdermal, colonal etc. In future by combining various new strategies, microspheres will find a central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, genetic materials, safe, targeting and effective drug delivery.

Objective. To assess trends in incident cases, and case fatality rate between first and second waves, we analyzed programmatic COVID-19 data from Pune city, an epicenter of COVID-19 cases in India. Method. The trends of incident cases, time-to-death, and case fatality rate (CFR) were analysed. In addition, Poisson regression models adjusted for age and gender were used to determine the independent effect of pandemic waves on mortality. Results. Of 465,192 COVID-19 cases, 162,182 (35%) were reported in the first wave, and 4,146 (2.5%) died among them; second wave reported 275,493 (59%) cases and 3184 (1.1%) deaths (p

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of prolapsed volume on regurgitant volume (RegV), regurgitant fraction (RF), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) using cardiac MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with MVP and mitral regurgitation who underwent cardiac MRI from 2005 to 2020 were identified retrospectively from the electronic record. RegV is the difference between left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) and aortic flow. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and LVSV were obtained from volumetric cine images, with prolapsed volume inclusion (LVESVp, LVSVp) and exclusion (LVESVa, LVSVa) providing two estimates of RegV (RegVp, RegVa), RF (RFp, RFa), and LVEF (LVEFa, LVEFp). Interobserver agreement for LVESVp was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RegV was also calculated independently using measurements from mitral inflow and aortic net flow phase-contrast imaging as the reference standard (RegVg). RESULTS: The study included 19 patients (mean age, 28 years ± 16 [SD]; 10 male patients). Interobserver agreement for LVESVp was high (ICC, 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96, 0.99). Prolapsed volume inclusion resulted in higher LVESV (LVESVp: 95.4 mL ± 34.7 vs LVESVa: 82.4 mL ± 33.8; P < .001), lower LVSV (LVSVp: 100.5 mL ± 33.8 vs LVSVa: 113.5 mL ± 35.9; P < .001), and lower LVEF (LVEFp: 51.7% ± 5.7 vs LVEFa: 58.6% ± 6.3; P < .001). RegV was larger in magnitude when prolapsed volume was excluded (RegVa: 39.4 mL ± 21.0 vs RegVg: 25.8 mL ± 22.8; P = .02), with no evidence of a difference when including prolapsed volume (RegVp: 26.4 mL ± 16.4 vs RegVg: 25.8 mL ± 22.8; P > .99). CONCLUSION: Measurements that included prolapsed volume most closely reflected mitral regurgitation severity, but inclusion of this volume resulted in a lower LVEF. Keywords: Cardiac, MRI © RSNA, 2023 See also commentary by Lee and Markl in this issue.

To address long-standing gender inequity in the workplace, scholars and practitioners have called for men to enact ally work to better support and advocate for women at work. Integrating prior research on allyship with positive organizational scholarship, we propose an enrichment-based perspective on allyship that suggests that male allyship is a mechanism by which male privilege awareness translates into relational well-being at work. We theorize that the relational benefits of male allyship could offset the previously studied… &nbsp

Due to the abundance of items available and online information, a user cannot easily choose which product is ideal for him. A recommender system assists users in finding what is best for them. A recommender system uses information about a user's activity. It uses it to suggest movies to users based on their individual interests. This paper provides an overview of a recommender system that uses the K-means and KNN algorithm. Without wasting time exploring, both algorithms rapidly and effectively recommend movies to customers based on their likes. There are many uses for recommender systems worldwide. K-means algorithm is used to get beyond some of the restrictions of content-based and collaborative work. The K-means algorithm creates clusters of individuals with similar interests, and KNN, which includes nearest neighbors, recommends movies to each group. This is used in well-known fields like books, news, music, videos, and movies, among others. These search engines allow users to find movies of their choice. K-mean, KNN, and hybrid algorithms have been covered in this study. K-means algorithm results based on metrics like "average Genre Rating" and "User Movie Rating". The RMSE feature has been used to KNN algorithm. A hybrid algorithm combines the two algorithms mentioned above. K-means is given an input, and the output of this method serves as the input for the KNN algorithm, which is more accurate than both K-means and KNN.

Liminality refers to being “betwixt and between” (Turner, 1967). We draw on boundary theory to propose and elaborate upon the notion of “liminal researchers”—the in-between status we hold when we c...

In this guest editorial, we consider racial biases in the publication processes. Drawing on the experiences of a large network of authors, we conclude that such racial biases express themselves in differential responses to two study attributes that covary with the racial background of authors: research topics (less favorable for research on race and diversity) and research samples (less favorable for samples that deviate more from the predominantly White samples from Northern America and Western countries outside of Northern America). We outline possible solutions to reduce racial biases in the publication process.

Relationships are central to organizing, work, and organizations. Yet, in many instances, relationships do not build themselves, and third-party actors are often needed to intervene in situations, persuade individuals, and facilitate connections across disconnected actors in organizations. Little is known about the strategies through which third-party actors can broker relationships across what are considered to be intractable social boundaries—membership in stigmatized or nonstigmatized social identity-based groups. We build a process theory of what we call “bridgework,” the strategy used by third-party agents, intermediaries, and allies to bridge by shifting value-related perceptions about actors on the other side of social identity-based divides. More specifically, we focus on a stigmatizing social identity that can create boundaries that are often reinforced through informal network ties. Based on interviews, participatory observation, and archival data with job coaches for adults with autism spectrum disorders and related developmental disabilities, we showcase a model of bridgework—a combination of internal and external strategies across three stages (adding, stabilizing, and maintaining perceptions of value) to facilitate relationships between stigmatized and nonstigmatized members of organizations. We discuss how our grounded model contributes to the rich traditions of research on stigma, brokerage, disability studies, positive relationships, and compassion in organizations.

We apply the psychosocial concept of generativity, or one’s outlook toward the next generation, to the context of chief executive officer (CEO) succession. Integrating prior research on generativit...

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of individuals, along with their couple and familial relationships, necessitating an effective response. Teletherapy offers an option to address these relationship concerns amidst pandemic-specific mobility restriction. Against this setting, Sukoon, a project of Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India, initiated a five-session online psychoeducational group series on relational wellbeing. This paper explores facilitator's reflections and learnings based on session documentation and facilitator notes. Preparing well and selecting participants carefully for online psychoeducational groups was critical to success. Effectiveness was enhanced by flexibly adapting the therapy process (didactic and interactive elements) to fit online delivery and the cultural context. Identifying the potential of online psychoeducational groups for relational wellbeing could make it a valuable addition to the COVID-19 pandemic mental health response toolkit.Effective preparation and careful selection of group members is key to the success of therapist facilitated online psychoeducational groups.Psychoeducational groups comprising didactic and interactive elements are more suitable for effective online group processes.Use of co-facilitators managing various channels of communication (audio, chat) is important. Group facilitators need to be cognisant of challenges of online medium and address them in an ongoing manner.新冠肺炎大流行已经影响到个人的心理健康以及他们的伴侣和家庭关系，因此需要有效应对措施。远程治疗提供了一个在疫情特有的流动性受限情况中解决这些关系问题的选择。在这种背景下，印度Tata社会科学研究所的一个项目Sukoon发起了一个针对关系健康的、五期的线上心理教育小组系列活动。本文以会面记录和辅助者笔记为基础，探讨辅助者的反思和学习。为线上心理教育小组做好准备和仔细挑选参与者是成功的关键。通过灵活调整治疗过程（教育和互动元素）以适应线上实施和文化背景，使有效性得以提高。发现关系健康线上心理教育小组的潜力，可以使其成为新冠肺炎流行病心理健康应急工具包的一个有价值的补充。.有效准备和精心挑选小组成员是有治疗师协助的线上心理教育小组取得成功的关键包含教育和互动元素的心理教育小组更适于创造有效的线上小组过程使用协同辅助者管理各种沟通渠道（音频、聊天）非常重要小组辅助者需要认识到在线媒介的挑战，并持续应对这些挑战.La pandemia de COVID‐19 ha afectado la salud mental de las personas, junto con sus relaciones familiares y de pareja, lo que requiere una respuesta eficaz. La teleterapia ofrece una opción para abordar estos problemas de relación en medio de la restricción de movilidad específica de una pandemia. En este contexto, Sukoon, un proyecto del Instituto Tata de Ciencias Sociales, India, inició una serie de grupos psicoeducativos online de cinco sesiones sobre el bienestar relacional. Este documento explora las reflexiones y los aprendizajes del facilitador basándose en la documentación de la sesión y las notas del facilitador. Prepararse bien y seleccionar cuidadosamente a los participantes para los grupos psicoeducativos en línea fue fundamental para el éxito. La eficacia se mejoró adaptando de manera flexible el proceso de la terapia (elementos didácticos e interactivos) para que se ajustara al formato online y al contexto cultural. Identificar el potencial de los grupos psicoeducativos online para el bienestar relacional podría convertirlo en una valiosa adición al conjunto de herramientas de respuesta de salud mental ante la pandemia de COVID‐19.La preparación eficaz y la selección cuidadosa de los miembros del grupo es clave para el éxito de los grupos psicoeducativos online dirigidos por un terapeutaLos grupos psicoeducativos que comprenden elementos didácticos e interactivos son más adecuados para procesos grupales efectivos en formato onlineEs importante el uso de co‐facilitadores que gestionen varios canales de comunicación (audio, chat)Los facilitadores de grupo deben ser conscientes de los desafíos del medio online y abordarlos de manera continua.

COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented crisis that simultaneously affected different countries and communities across the globe. The large-scale psychosocial impact of the pandemic and the subsequent lockdown, is an experiential reality for many, in India. Despite this impact, a closer look at India's response to the pandemic shows that the two strands of health and relief measures, continue to occupy centre-stage. The psycho-social aspects of the pandemic unfortunately largely remain undocumented and unaddressed. Using experiences of iCALL, National national level psycho-social counseling counselling service and a field action project of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, the paper throws light on the much-neglected experiential psycho-social dimensions of COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown in India. It describes the stressors experienced by users who approached iCALL and the consequent impact; especially among those who belonged to the vulnerable sections of the society. The nature of stressors as well as the impact reported by iCALL users, clearly points out to a complex interplay among several factors at individual, interpersonal, community and structural levels. The paper then, critically looks at the merits and limitations of the mental health framework that predominated the mental health response during the pandemic with its bio-medical and individualistic undertones; and suggests an alternative framing using a 'psycho-social' paradigm that views distress as an interaction between the psychological and social worlds. The paper asserts reciprocal linkages between development and psycho-social distress; highlighting the need to consciously integrate mental health issues into the development response. In the end, it makes an appeal for an inter sectoral dialogue, integrated response and advocacy for investing in mental health and psycho-social infrastructure to effectively respond to the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic presents a threat to physical and psychosocial health of individuals In lieu of the subsequent lockdown and containment measures, helpline counselling becomes a viable method of accessing psychosocial services during the pandemic The present paper describes experiences of counsellors working with a special COVID-19 counselling helpline initiated by iCALL, a national-level technology-assisted counselling service of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India, which aims to address the psychosocial impact of the pandemic and the lockdown The paper is based on two focus group interviews held with 11 counsellors during the initial two months of the helpline's functioning Findings of the study highlight the diverse profile of the callers, with individuals belonging to different strata of society and to marginalised communities The nature of concerns presented by the callers were often a mix of psychological, relational and practical issues The resultant distress emanated from an interplay of these factors with the relational contexts, their social locations and social structures the individuals were embedded in This highlighted the need for conceptualising and responding from a psychosocial lens, whereby interventions involved traditional counselling approaches and strategies for addressing determinants of distress by connecting callers to required ground-level resources Counsellors? engagement with this process impacted their professional and personal selves, necessitating the need for structured and continuous training, supervision and support At a larger level, the counsellors? narratives asserted the need for adopting a psychosocial paradigm for conceptualising and addressing mental health concerns in India

Land use is the human utilization for money, private, recreational, conservational and administrative purposes. The idea of land use is firmly interwoven with human network advancement. Examples of human turn of events and land use have molded the earth legitimately and internationally since ancient occasions. Current improvement designs, along with highlights of the common habitat and the outcomes of past advancement exercises, decide future advancement openings, and furthermore the requirement for rebuilding or upgrade of natural assets. North-east India is the abode of highly endemic flora and fauna preserving the pristine environment with little human interference until recent times. However, for past two decades a drastic change in the land use pattern in the region has been observed which may threaten the fragile ecological balance of the region. Tripura, known as one of the seven sisters, is a bamboo resource and second largest rubber producer in India. Tripura has the highest number of primate species found in any Indian state. However, as compared to its other sisters, the state is economically backward. The land use of the state is undergoing rapid change which is facilitated to a great extent by rapidly increasing population. The present paper deals with the changing land use of Tripura especially in the last two and a half decades. The objective of the study is to analyse the changing land use of the state in general and changes in agricultural and non-agricultural land use in particular based upon the data collected from secondary sources like Statistical Abstract of Tripura, Population Tables of Census 1991, 2001 and 2011 along with the information collected from various government websites.