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ABH antigens are histo-antigens, but were first described on the surface of human erythrocytes. They are found in those cells only in great apes and humans, while in more primitive animals they are found in tissues and body fluids. ABH antigens are mainly distributed in tissues that are in contact with the external environment and may serve as ligands for pathogens in tissues or block their connection. Description of the distribution of these molecules in non-human primate tissues is restricted to a few tissues and species. This paper describes the expression of human A, B and H type antigens in different organs from four species of New World Primates, obtained from the Centro Nacional de Primatas, as well as comparing that expression with what has been described for humans. In this study, although the tissue description of the antigens is similar to the genetic model for humans, some differences in expression between some organs from those species and those of humans were found. The differences occurred mainly in endodermal organs that have secretory functions and are probably under the control of the human-type FUT-2 enzyme. In the mesodermal-origin organs there was a reduction or absence of A and B antigen marking, particularly in the H precursor substance, indicating that those organs are under the control of the human-type FUT-1 enzyme. These findings have demonstrated that there is similar ABH antigen reactivity in tissue distribution between the species, although there are some species-specific cases.

Federal University of Paran?. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Federal University of Paran?. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Federal University of Paran?. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Federal University of Paran?. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Federal University of Paran?. Department of Veterinary Medicine. Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Laboratory. Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Background Although commonly used, dissociative anesthesia results inunsatisfactory and long recovery periods. The intravenous anesthetic propofol seems to be the most advantageous solution. The objectives of this study were to investigate the required infusion rate of propofol to maintain surgical anesthesia and to compare it to tiletamine-zolazepam in Aotus infulatus. Methods Eight healthy feline night monkeys were anesthetized with propofol (PRO) or tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) during 60 minutes. Cardiopulmonary parameters, arterial blood gases and lactate and quality and times to recovery were determined.Results Mean infusion rate of propofol was 0.53 0.10 mg/kg/minute. Cardiopulmonary effects did not show marked differences between groups.Times for hanging, ventral recumbency, and normal ambulation were lowerin PRO. Establishment of desirable anesthetic depth was easier, recoveryquality was superior, and lactate levels were lower in PRO. Conclusions Compared with tiletamine-zolazepam, minor post-anesthetic adverse events should be expected with propofol anesthesia, as well as faster and better anesthetic recovery.

11 pages; La morphologie crânienne de 28 spécimens de douroucoulis (genre Aotus), provenant du Bassin amazonien, a été étudiée à l'aide de méthodes de morphométrie géométrique en trois dimensions. De nouveaux résultats concernant la distinction morphologique de populations de l'espèce Aotus infulatus, réparties de part et d'autre du rio Tocantins, sont proposés. Ces résultats morphologiques concordent avec la distinction génétique de ces populations publiée par Schneider – et Sampaio –, et indiquent probablement de récents et rapides changements évolutifs au sein de cette espèce. Les résultats de cette étude ont une application taxinomique, mais pourraient également ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives médicales, puisque la sensibilité des douroucoulis à la malaria semble varier selon les espèces.

Severe anemia is the earliest and a frequently fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Here we describe Aotus infulatus as a primate model suitable to study this malaria complication. Both non-splenectomized and splenectomized monkeys receiving different inocula of P. falciparum FVO strain presented large (> 50%) decreases in hematocrit values during infection. Non-splenectomized animals were able to control parasite growth (parasitemia did not exceed 4%), but they had to be treated because of severe anemia. Three of 4 splenectomized monkeys did not control parasitemia and were treated, but developed severe anemia after treatment when presenting a negative blood film. Destruction of parasitized red blood cells alone cannot account for the degree of anemia. Non-splenectomized monkeys repeatedly infected with homologous parasites became rapidly and progressively resistant to reinfection and to the development of severe anemia. The data presented here point to A. infulatus as a suitable model for studying the pathogenesis of severe malarial infection.

Severe anemia is the earliest and a frequently fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Here we describe Aotus infulatus as a primate model suitable to study this malaria complication. Both non-splenectomized and splenectomized monkeys receiving different inocula of P. falciparum FVO strain presented large (> 50%) decreases in hematocrit values during infection. Non-splenectomized animals were able to control parasite growth (parasitemia did not exceed 4%), but they had to be treated because of severe anemia. Three of 4 splenectomized monkeys did not control parasitemia and were treated, but developed severe anemia after treatment when presenting a negative blood film. Destruction of parasitized red blood cells alone cannot account for the degree of anemia. Non-splenectomized monkeys repeatedly infected with homologous parasites became rapidly and progressively resistant to reinfection and to the development of severe anemia. The data presented here point to A. infulatus as a suitable model for studying the pathogenesis of severe malarial infection.

Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Imunologia. WHO-collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Immunology of Parasitic Diseases. Laborat?rio de Pesquisas em Mal?ria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Imunologia. WHO-collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Immunology of Parasitic Diseases. Laborat?rio de Pesquisas em Mal?ria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Imunologia. WHO-collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Immunology of Parasitic Diseases. Laborat?rio de Pesquisas em Mal?ria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Severe anemia is the earliest and a frequently fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Here we describe Aotus infulatus as a primate model suitable to study this malaria complication. Both non-splenectomized and splenectomized monkeys receiving different inocula of P. falciparum FVO strain presented large (> 50%) decreases in hematocrit values during infection. Non-splenectomized animals were able to control parasite growth (parasitemia did not exceed 4%), but they had to be treated because of severe anemia. Three of 4 splenectomized monkeys did not control parasitemia and were treated, but developed severe anemia after treatment when presenting a negative blood film. Destruction of parasitized red blood cells alone cannot account for the degree of anemia. Non-splenectomized monkeys repeatedly infected with homologous parasites became rapidly and progressively resistant to reinfection and to the development of severe anemia. The data presented here point to A. infulatus as a suitable model for studying the pathogenesis of severe malarial infection.

Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz; Centro Nacional de Primatas; European Commission ? Primate Vaccine Evaluation Network Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Imunologia. Laborat?rio de Pesquisas em Mal?ria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Funda??o Nacional de Sa?de. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Bel?m, PA, Brasil. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Imunologia. Laborat?rio de Pesquisas em Mal?ria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Aotus is one of the WHO-recommended primate models for studies in malaria, and several species can be infected with Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. Here we describe the successful infection of the species A. infulatus from eastern Amazon with blood stages of P. falciparum. Both intact and splenectomized animals were susceptible to infection; the intact ones were able to keep parasitemias at lower levels for several days, but developed complications such as severe anemia; splenectomized monkeys developed higher parasitemias but no major complications. We conclude that A. infulatus is susceptible to P. falciparum infection and may represent an alternative model for studies in malaria.

Aotus infulatus (Kuhl, 1820). Beitr. Zool. Vergi. Anat., 1820:30. TYPE LOCALITY: " Brazil ". DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, south of Lower Amazon, east of the Tapajoz-Juruena. STATUS: CITES - Appendix II. SYNONYMS: commersoni, felina; roberti Dollman, 1909. COMMENTS: May be conspecific with A. azarai; see Pieczarka and Nagamuchi (1988)., Published as part of Colin P. Groves, 1993, Order Primates, pp. 243-277 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 256, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353122, {"references":["Dollman, G. 1909. New mammals from British East Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, 4: 39 - 553."]}