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Xixi Wu, Yuan Xin, Hengtong Zhang, Liang Quan, Qiang Ao NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial, & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, & National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qiang Ao, Email aoqiang@tsinghua.edu.cnAbstract: Cancer, as the foremost challenge among human diseases, has plagued medical professionals for many years. While there have been numerous treatment approaches in clinical practice, they often cause additional harm to patients. The emergence of nanotechnology has brought new directions for cancer treatment, which can deliver anticancer drugs specifically to tumor areas. This article first introduces the application scenarios of nanotherapies and treatment strategies of nanomedicine. Then, the noteworthy characteristics exhibited by biopolymer materials were described, which make biopolymers stand out in polymeric nanomedicine delivery. Next, we focus on summarizing the state-of-art studies of five categories of proteins (Albumin, Gelatin, Silk fibroin, Zein, Ferritin), nine varieties of polysaccharides (Chitosan, Starch, Hyaluronic acid, Dextran, cellulose, Fucoidan, Carrageenan, Lignin, Pectin) and liposomes in the field of anticancer drug delivery. Finally, we also provide a summary of the advantages and limitations of these biopolymers, discuss the prevailing impediments to their application, and discuss in detail the prospective research directions. This review not only helps readers understand the current development status of nano anticancer drug delivery systems based on biopolymers, but also is helpful for readers to understand the properties of various biopolymers and find suitable solutions in this field through comparative reading. Keywords: drug delivery, nanoformulations, polymer, proteins, polysaccharides more...

Qiang Ao,1,* Juan Xiao,2,3,* Yanqiu Yu,4 Gengsheng Mao,2 Qingyan Zou,5 Wenyong Gao,2,3 Hongyun Huang2,3 On behalf of Neurorestoratology Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association (Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology) 1Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 2Institute of Neurorestoratology, General Hospital of Armed Police Forces, Beijing, 3Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, 4Department of Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shen Yang, 5Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Formulating common standards for the culture and quality control of umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is crucial for the standardization of clinical neurorestorative therapy. But to date, there have been no standardized guidelines for the culture and quality control of MSCs in neurorestorative clinical application. Based on a relatively comprehensive review of published clinical studies as well as the existing methods of MSC culture and quality control, the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology has developed standards for the culture and quality control of umbilical cord MSCs which possess the potential in neurorestorative clinical application. These guidelines include standardized training and management procedures for laboratory operators; standardized use and management of materials and equipment; standardized collection, culture and proliferation of umbilical cord MSCs; standardized management for cell preservation, transport and related safeguard measures; as well as standardization of a clean environment, routine maintenance and related tests and examinations and so on. These guidelines represent the minimum required standards for the culture and quality control of umbilical cord MSCs for potential use in current neurorestorative clinical therapy, and will be further optimized according to the progress of preclinical and clinical studies. Keywords: standardization, cell culture, quality control, mesenchymal stromal cells, clinical treatment, neurorestoratology, translational medicine more...

Qiang Ao Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples’ Republic of China Abstract: Clinical repair of a nerve defect is one of the most challenging surgical problems. Autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard treatment in addressing peripheral nerve injuries that cannot be bridged by direct epineural suturing. However, the autologous nerve graft is not readily available, and the process of harvesting autologous nerve graft results in several complications. Thus, it is necessary to explore an alternative to autologous nerve graft. In the last few decades, with significant advances in the life sciences and biotechnology, a lot of artificial nerve grafts have been developed to aim at the treatment of peripheral nerve disruptions. Artificial nerve grafts range from biological tubes to synthetic tubes and from nondegradable tubes to degradable tubes. Among them, acellular nerve allografts and artificial nerve repair conduits are two kinds of the most promising substitutes for nerve autografts. The history, research status, and prospect of acellular nerve allografts and artificial nerve repair conduits are described briefly in this review. Keywords: peripheral nerve injury, repair, acellular nerve graft, nerve conduit more...

The algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART), and simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) are computational methodologies extensively utilized within the field of computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) to facilitate three-dimensional reconstruction of the ionospheric morphology. However, reconstruction accuracy elicits recurrent disputes over its practical application, and people usually attribute this issue to incomplete and uneven coverage of the measurements. The Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) offers a reasonable physics-based ionospheric background and is widely utilized in ionospheric research. We use the TIEGCM simulations as the targeted ionosphere because the current measurements are far from able to realistically reproduce the ionosphere in detail. Optimized designations of satellite measurements are conducted to investigate the limiting performance of CIT methods in ionospheric reconstruction. Similar to common practice, electron density distributions from outputs of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model are used as the iterative initial value in CIT applications. The outcomes suggest that despite data coverage, iterative initial conditions also play an essential role in ionospheric reconstruction. In particular, in the longitudinal sectors where the iterative initial height of the F2-layer peak electron density (hmF2) differs substantially from the background densities, none of the three CIT methods can reproduce the exact background profile. When hmF2 is close but the ionospheric F2-layer peak density (NmF2) is different between the targeted background and initial conditions, the MART performs better than the ART and SIRT, as evidenced by the correlation coefficients of MART being above 0.97 and those of ART and SIRT being below 0.85. In summary, this investigation reveals the potential uncertainties in traditional CIT reconstruction, particularly when realistic hmF2 or NmF2 values differ substantially from the initial CIT conditions. more...

Public transit systems are critical to the quality of urban life, and enhancing their efficiency is essential for building cost-effective and sustainable smart cities. Historically, researchers sought reinforcement learning (RL) applications to mitigate bus bunching issues with holding strategies. Nonetheless, these attempts often led to oversimplifications and misalignment with the goal of reducing the total time passengers spent in the system, resulting in less robust or non-optimal solutions. In this study, we introduce a novel setting where each bus, supervised by an RL agent, can appropriately form aggregated policies from three strategies (holding, skipping station, and turning around to serve the opposite direction). It’s difficult to learn them all together, due to learning complexity, we employ domain knowledge and develop a gradually expanding action space curriculum, enabling agents to learn these strategies incrementally. We incorporate Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) in our model considering the temporal interrelation among these actions. To address the inherent uncertainties of real-world traffic systems, we impose Domain Randomization (DR) on variables such as passenger demand and bus schedules. We conduct extensive numerical experiments with the integration of synthetic and real-world data to evaluate our model. Our methodology proves effective, enhancing bus schedule reliability and reducing total passenger waiting time by over 15%, thereby improving bus operation efficiency and smoothering operations of buses that align with sustainable goals. This work highlights the potential of robust RL combined with curriculum learning for optimizing public transport in smart cities, offering a scalable solution for real-world multi-agent systems. more...

Curcumin (Cur), a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, is known for its multiple health benefits. Nevertheless, its bioavailability is greatly restricted due to poor solubility and stability. In order to address this problem, phytic acid was used in a pH-driven method to create curcumin-loaded zein-shellac nanoparticles (Zein-SH-CurNPs). The results confirmed that the hydrophobic center of zein-shellac nanoparticles (Zein-SHNPs) effectively encapsulated curcumin, leading to the formation of spherical particles that exhibited an impressive encapsulation efficiency of 96.96 % and a loading capacity of 4.65 %. Curcumin-induced zein fluorescence quenching was found to be static using fluorescence spectroscopy. In vivo colitis experiments conducted on mice disclosed that Zein-SH-CurNP exhibits a protective effect against DSS-induced colitis. Notably, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), mouse interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were significantly reduced. To summarize, the results suggest that the zein-shellac composites hold potential as advanced nano-delivery structures for insoluble bioactive substances. more...

Background: With an increasing number of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients being offered surgical treatment, postoperative rehabilitation is also being increasingly emphasized. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds promise for enhancing postoperative recovery, with treatment methods still in refinement. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbal decoction and Liuzijue exercises in NSCLC patients during the rapid postoperative recovery period. Methods: A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial assigned 50 patients to receive Chinese herbal medicine and Liuzijue exercise plus symptomatic treatment, and 49 to symptomatic treatment alone. Treatment continued until postoperative complications resolved, chest tubes were removed, and no abnormal examination findings were reported. The primary outcome was Quality of Life Questionnare-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) score. Secondary outcomes included MOS item short form 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score, rate of complications, six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score, numerical rating scale (NRS) score, and functional activity score (FAS). Results: Significant improvements in role (MD: 12.15, 95%CI: 2.99-21.32, P more...

BackgroundThe systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) is a composite and easily available inflammation index, which can quantitatively reflect the degree of inflammation. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of admission SII for outcomes of large artery occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China. Patients were stratified into quartiles based on their SII. The investigating outcomes included hemorrhagic transformation (HT), malignant brain edema (MBE), 90-day functional outcome, and mortality. The adverse function was defined as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score > 2 at the 90-day follow-up. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the relationships between SII and outcomes. In addition, cases (distinguished from the aforementioned patients) treated with MT + mild hypothermia (MH) were also included to elucidate the relationships between SII/MH and outcomes in a new cohort.ResultsA total of 323 patients treated with MT were included. The observed HT, MBE, adverse function, and mortality rates were 31.9, 25.7, 59.4, and 27.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that heightened SII was significantly related to HT (odds ratio [OR]: 1.061, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.035–1.086, p more...

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) transform the analog signals of time-variant physical quantity into digital signals for storing and processing. As the bridge between natural science and information science, ADCs are indispensable in modern industry and scientific research. Since the 1920s, uniform time-domain sampling has become the basic principle in the field of ADCs with the establishment of its electronic implementation and mathematical theory. In the following decades, applications such as positron emission tomography (PET), nuclear fusion neutron spectrum, neutrino detection, etc., which require sampling of many high-speed signals, have emerged one after another. In these applications, ADCs based on uniform time-domain sampling show disadvantages of high power consumption and high cost, so the signal has to be pre-processed before digitalization with losing the original information of the signal. Based on value-domain sampling, the Multi-Voltage Threshold (MVT) method digitizes the signal through several voltage thresholds and then reconstructs the signal with a computer using prior information. The MVT method makes it possible to accurately digitize a large number of high-speed signals. At present, the MVT method has been applied in PET, X-ray security inspection, neutron logging, proton therapy monitoring, etc. This paper outlines the principle of the MVT method, introduces the research progress of MVT electronics in recent years, and further provides an outlook of the MVT research trend. more...

In recent years, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have emerged as preferred photoelectric conversion devices in positron emission tomography (PET) due to their outstanding performance. SiPMs possess single-photon resolution capability and time resolution below 100 ps, enabling precise photon arrival time measurements. These advances paved the way for emerging applications such as time-of-flight PET (TOF-PET), photon counting CT, and positron emission lifetime imaging, presenting new challenges to SiPM performance, the advancing of which to their physical limits has become a key focus area in next-generation SiPM research. In traditional SiPM architectures, signal processing and analog-to-digital conversion introduce noise and degrade time performance, thereby limiting the full SiPM potential. With the recent and rapid development of semiconductor manufacturing processes, SiPMs could be manufactured on standard CMOS process nodes, which marks a significant breakthrough in the SiPM field, allowing for the integration of digital logic within SiPM devices. This advancement opens the possibility of achieving more precise time, energy, and position information within a single SiPM, thereby providing potential possibilities to push SiPMs to their performance limits. In this study, we reviewed the development history, working principles, and performance parameters of SiPMs. We analyzed the limitations of traditional SiPMs, outlined key aspects of digital SiPM research, and introduced various current digital SiPM architectures. Finally, we summarized and anticipated key technologies in digital SiPMs. more...

The digital positron emission tomography (PET) innovation technology system, which gradually evolved from the Multi-Voltage Threshold (MVT) sampling method, has driven the development of many fields, including key materials, core devices, electronics, intelligent algorithms, and industry standards, forming a new PET industry ecology characterized by modular hardware and intelligent software. In 2010, the world's first All-Digital PET scientific instrument, based on the MVT method, was successfully developed and showed an obvious spatial resolution advantage. With the modular characteristics of the All-Digital PET’s detector, it has successively developed digital PET scientific instruments with different apertures, different fields of view (FOV), and different geometric structures for small animals, large animals, primates, and plants, and has been put into various scientific research applications. In 2015, the world's first All-Digital PET medical device prototype for human scanning was successfully developed. In the following 7 years, several clinical All-Digital PET products have been developed and put into the market. These All-Digital PET products break the fixed architecture of conventional whole body scanning in the past and use modular digital detectors to build various medical devices, such as site-dedicated PET systems, PET-insert system, wearable PET, and proton PET. It has helped promote the rapid expansion of PET applications from tumor diagnosis to new application fields such as nervous system diseases, unexplained fever, and proton precision treatment. The vigorous development of All-Digital PET ecology has also brought innovation to the industrial division of labor. The new scintillation crystal materials, the new silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), and the modular PET detector are developing independently and rapidly, forming their own standardized component or interface. The synchronous progress of upstream and downstream technologies has promoted the development of the entire PET industry chain and innovation chain. With the rapid development of All-Digital PET, the proposal of a variety of PET digital technology routes has also put forward new challenges to industry technical standards and regulatory systems, such as technical requirements for the digitization of PET medical devices and the registration guidelines that have been updated and developed simultaneously. This paper reviewed the dynamic progress of All-Digital PET in scientific instruments, medical devices, the industrial chain, and regulatory science in the past 20 years and looked forward to the future ecological development of All-Digital PET. more...

Introdução: O eixo Saúde do Novo Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) apresenta o subeixo do Complexo Econômico Industrial da Saúde, que busca ampliar a capacidade produtiva nacional de hemoderivados, vacinas, insumos e outros produtos para garantir abastecimento constante, diminuir a dependência externa e melhorar a saúde dos que sofrem de doenças relacionadas. Dentre as estratégias, destaca-se aquela voltada ao Sistema Nacional de Sangue, Componentes e Derivados (SINASAN), que tem como foco o fortalecimento da hemorrede através de investimentos para a aquisição de equipamentos da cadeia do frio, visando aumentar a capacidade de congelamento e armazenamento de plasma nos serviços de hemoterapia brasileiros, haja vista a necessidade de incrementar a disponibilidade de matéria-prima para a Empresa Brasileira de Hemoderivados e Biotecnologia (Hemobrás). Objetivo: Apresentar estimativa de aumento no volume de plasma excedente fornecido pelos serviços de hemoterapia qualificados pela Hemobrás, considerando os investimentos do Novo PAC. Material e métodos: Análise descritiva dos volumes de plasma excedente recebidos e da capacidade produtiva informada através dos questionários pré-auditoria e dos formulários para levantamento de informações da Hemorrede enviados pela Hemobrás. Resultados e discussão: Durante o primeiro semestre de 2024 foram recolhidas 418.984 bolsas de plasma, o que equivale a 96.366 litros. A média ponderada mensal de fornecimento realizada pelos 55 serviços foi de 70.639 bolsas, considerando os diferentes meses de início do envio das remessas, ao passo que a quantidade mensal de bolsas de plasma excedentes que poderiam ser produzidas foi de 96.677, conforme dados de produção informados pelos serviços à Hemobrás. Em cerca de 78,2% (43/55) dos serviços fornecedores, a média mensal de bolsas de plasma fornecidas está abaixo da sua capacidade produtiva informada. Essa diferença pode ser atribuída, principalmente, aos problemas identificados na cadeia de frio nessas unidades, como a baixa capacidade de congelamento e de armazenamento de plasma. Além disso, a insuficiência de recursos humanos necessários às atividades de obtenção do plasma destinados à indústria também pode ter influenciado esse resultado. Com base nos dados apresentados, estima-se que o recolhimento mensal de plasma nos fornecedores atuais pode ser aumentado em 36,9%, aproximadamente. Para tanto, faz-se necessário realizar investimentos para estruturação da hemorrede. Conclusão: Diante do exposto, constata-se que o recolhimento de plasma excedente do uso hemoterápico nos 55 serviços de hemoterapia poderia ser aumentado em 71.865 litros por ano, aproximadamente. Para isso é necessário que haja um aumento considerável na capacidade de congelamento e armazenamento de plasma nos serviços fornecedores, e os recursos do Novo PAC destinados a investimentos em equipamentos da cadeia do frio para a hemorrede poderão contribuir de forma significativa para essa finalidade. Tais investimentos resultarão numa maior disponibilidade de matéria-prima com qualidade industrial para a Hemobrás e, consequentemente, de medicamentos hemoderivados a serem disponibilizados aos pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde, levando qualidade de vida para milhares de pessoas em todo o país. more...

Introdução: O Anexo IV da Portaria da Consolidação n°5/2017 do Ministério da Saúde, regulamenta que em casos de soroconversão do doador, os serviços de hemoterapia devem comunicar à indústria que recebeu unidades de plasma das doações envolvidas no procedimento de retrovigilância. No Brasil, a Empresa Brasileira de Hemoderivados e Biotecnologia (Hemobrás), única indústria de produtos hemoderivados do país, recebe plasma dos serviços de hemoterapia qualificados e, por isso, deve ser comunicada nos casos em que os doadores dos hemocomponentes plasmáticos enviados apresentem soroconversão. Regulamentações como a IN 137/2022, RDC 34/2014 e o Manual de Hemovigilância publicado em 2022 pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária também normatizam o processo de retrovigilância. Os marcadores relevantes para a indústria são os referentes à hepatite B, à hepatite C e ao HIV, e as notificações devem ser encaminhadas em até sete dias após a realização do teste de confirmação do resultado inicial. Objetivo: Comparar o quantitativo de notificações de retrovigilância recebidas pela Hemobrás entre os anos de 2022 e 2023. Material e métodos: Análise descritiva das notificações de soroconversão de doadores de hemocomponentes plasmáticos encaminhados à Hemobrás. Resultados e discussão: Em 2022 a Hemobrás recebeu 132 notificações de soroconversão, e 423 em 2023. O total de notificações por ano e região foram: em 2022 (Norte – 4, Nordeste – 38, Centro-Oeste – 14, Sul – 10, Sudeste – 66) e em 2023 (Norte – 37, Nordeste – 77, Centro-Oeste – 26, Sul – 24, Sudeste – 259). A região Sudeste enviou 325 notificações no período dos últimos dois anos. Quanto aos marcadores reagentes, HCV foi o mais notificado no período, com 65 e 101 notificações, respectivamente. O aumento de notificações enviadas à Hemobrás, se deve, principalmente, à ampliação da hemorrede qualificada. Contudo, há um contraste na quantidade de notificações enviadas por unidade fornecedora, o que aponta para subnotificação e pode estar associada a insciência dos profissionais que atuam nesses serviços sobre as legislações brasileiras referentes a produção de hemoderivados, boas práticas de fabricação e hemovigilância. Em relação à média de intervalo entre a data da soroconversão e a de notificação, observa-se uma diminuição de 236 dias, em 2022, para 24 dias em 2023 e isso está associado, provavelmente, a retomada do recolhimento de plasma pela Hemobrás e à processos de melhoria implantados nos serviços fornecedores qualificados. Conclusão: Ao longo do período analisado, observa-se uma mudança positiva com o aumento no número de notificações e a diminuição do tempo para comunicação à indústria. Porém, as subnotificações ainda persistem. E apesar da importante melhoria constatada, o prazo legal de sete dias para realizar a comunicação de soroconversão de doadores de sangue ainda tem sido descumprido, o que reduz as chances de retirar da produção as bolsas de plasma envolvidas em retrovigilância. Dessa forma, verifica-se que a capacitação dos profissionais ligados à essa atividade, o conhecimento dos marcadores relevantes para notificação à indústria e a comunicação direta com a Hemobrás são de grande importância para assegurar o cumprimento do prazo regulamentado, a rastreabilidade e o descarte dos hemocomponentes plasmáticos notificados, mantendo o padrão de qualidade dos medicamentos hemoderivados que serão distribuídos aos pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde. more...

Introdução: A Empresa Brasileira de Hemoderivados e Biotecnologia (Hemobrás) é uma empresa pública vinculada ao Ministério da Saúde (MS). Tem a missão de pesquisar, desenvolver e produzir medicamentos hemoderivados e/ou obtidos por meio de engenharia genética com produção nacional para atender, prioritariamente, ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A Hemobrás trabalha para reduzir a dependência externa do Brasil no setor de derivados do sangue e biofármacos, ampliando o acesso da população a medicamentos essenciais à vida de milhares de pessoas com hemofilia, imunodeficiências, entre outras doenças. Objetivos: Descrever as principais atividades desenvolvidas pela Hemobrás e sua importância para a política pública de saúde no Brasil. Material e métodos: Análise descritiva das atividades desenvolvidas pela Hemobrás. Resultados e Discussão: A Hemobrás está inserida na Política Nacional de Sangue, Componentes e Hemoderivados, conforme a Lei 10.205/2001, a “Lei do Sangue”. Nesse contexto, as atividades da empresa estão organizadas em quatro grandes áreas: 1. Gestão do plasma e Auditorias de qualificação da hemorrede; 2. Produção de hemoderivados; 3. Produção de recombinantes e 4. Distribuição de medicamentos. 1. A Portaria nº1.710/2020 do MS definiu que todo o plasma excedente do uso hemoterápico será destinado à Hemobrás para a produção de hemoderivados. Para garantir a qualidade desta matéria-prima, são realizadas auditorias nos serviços fornecedores para avaliar o cumprimento dos requisitos técnicos e das exigências de qualidade, contribuindo também para a qualificação dos processos nos serviços de hemoterapia de todo o Brasil. 2. A produção de hemoderivados com o plasma brasileiro é fundamental para reduzir a dependência externa do Brasil nesse setor. Hoje, o plasma é exportado e os medicamentos produzidos a partir dele são disponibilizados ao MS, que os distribui para hemocentros e outras instituições, para o tratamento no SUS. Quando estiver em pleno funcionamento, a fábrica será capaz de produzir seis tipos diferentes de medicamentos: Albumina, Complexo Protrombínico, Fator VIII e IX da coagulação, Fator de von Willebrand e Imunoglobulina. 3. A fábrica de medicamentos produzidos por biotecnologia da Hemobrás foi inaugurada em abril de 2024 e está em fase de qualificações e validações. Com capacidade produtiva de 1,2 bilhão de UI (Unidades Internacionais) por ano, produzirá o Hemo-8R e atenderá a 100% da demanda do SUS. 4. A Hemobrás realiza, no Bloco B05 da fábrica, a expedição do Hemo-8r, distribuído aos Centros de Tratamento de Hemofilias (CTH) para atender aos pacientes com hemofilia A, do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em todo o país. Já os hemoderivados são enviados diretamente ao MS, que os distribui ao SUS. Conclusão: As atividades desenvolvidas pela Hemobrás fazem desta empresa uma indústria farmacêutica estratégica de defesa da mais alta relevância. A produção nacional dos medicamentos disponíveis em portfólio insere o Brasil em posição de vanguarda na indústria farmacêutica mundial e contribui diretamente para a redução da vulnerabilidade científica e financeira do país diante do mercado internacional. O trabalho realizado pelos profissionais qualificados e engajados da Hemobrás leva qualidade de vida para milhares de pessoas em todo o país. more...

Introdução: A Empresa Brasileira de Hemoderivados e Biotecnologia (Hemobrás) é uma empresa pública vinculada ao Ministério da Saúde (MS) e tem como função social garantir aos pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) o acesso a medicamentos derivados do sangue e/ou obtidos por meio de engenharia genética, com produção nacional, reduzindo a dependência externa do Brasil nesse setor. A criação da Hemobrás foi autorizada pela Lei Federal 10.972/2004 e em 2011 a Estatal passou a qualificar os serviços de hemoterapia do país para o fornecimento de plasma para a indústria, recolher o volume de plasma excedente disponível e exportar para fracionamento e obtenção de medicamentos hemoderivados. De 2017 a 2020, o plasma brasileiro ficou sob a gestão do MS, sendo retomada pela Hemobrás com a publicação da Portaria/MS n°1.710/2020. Desde então, a empresa retomou também as atividades para qualificação da hemorrede, ampliação da captação e produção de hemoderivados. Objetivo: Divulgar o cenário atual da gestão do plasma pela Hemobrás. Material e métodos: Análise descritiva das informações monitoradas pelo Serviço de Relacionamento com a Hemorrede (SRH) da Hemobrás. Resultados: Segundo dados mais recentes disponibilizados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), há, no Brasil, um total de 2.097 serviços de hemoterapia, de diferentes complexidades. O número de serviços que coletam sangue total chega a 443, incluindo os Hemocentros Coordenadores (HC), Hemocentros Regionais (HR), Núcleos de Hemoterapia (NH), Unidades de Coleta e Transfusão (UCT) e Unidades de Coleta (UC). Nesse cenário, a estratégia utilizada para seleção dos serviços a serem auditados buscou otimizar a captação de plasma, iniciando as atividades por onde já existia plasma remanescente e também por aqueles que possuíam maior capacidade produtiva. Ao final de 2022, com 25 serviços qualificados e 15 serviços fornecedores, a Hemobrás conseguiu recolher e exportar mais de 50.000 litros de plasma. Em 2023, com 48 serviços qualificados e 46 fornecedores, o volume de plasma recolhido foi maior que 146.000 litros, corroborando a estratégia inicial utilizada. Até o momento (julho 2024), foram auditados 95 serviços de hemoterapia em todo o país, sendo 28 hemocentros coordenadores localizados em 21 estados da federação, 62 serviços de menor complexidade e 05 Centrais de Triagem Laboratorial de Doadores (CTLDs). Destes, 64 estão qualificados e 55 já fornecem plasma à Hemobrás. Conclusão: A estratégia inicial de retomar as auditorias pelas unidades com maior capacidade produtiva foi acertada, uma vez que, ao final de 2023, com 46 serviços fornecedores, a Hemobrás conseguiu recolher e exportar volume de plasma superior ao recolhido no passado com número menor de fornecedores. Atualmente a empresa trabalha de modo a consolidar a hemorrede no programa de produção de hemoderivados com o plasma brasileiro e aumentar o quantitativo da matéria-prima industrial, através da ampliação do número de serviços parceiros e da busca por melhorias. De fato, a atuação da Hemobrás na gestão do plasma brasileiro vem acontecendo de forma intensa e produtiva, com muitas conquistas e, também, desafios a serem superados. more...

BackgroundGut microbiota (GM) and metabolic alterations play pivotal roles in lung cancer (LC) development and host genetic variations are known to contribute to LC susceptibility by modulating the GM. However, the causal links among GM, metabolite, host genes, and LC remain to be fully delineated.MethodThrough bidirectional MR analyses, we examined the causal links between GM and LC, and utilized two-step mediation analysis to identify potential mediating blood metabolite. We employed diverse MR methods, including inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, and simple mode, to ensure a robust examination of the data. MR-Egger intercept test, Radial MR, MR-PRESSO, Cochran Q test and Leave-one-out (LOO) analysis were used for sensitivity analyses. Analyses were adjusted for smoking, alcohol intake frequency and air pollution. Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Steiger test were used to probe genetic causality. The study also explored the association between specific host genes and the abundance of gut microbes in LC patients.ResultsThe presence of Bacteroides clarus was associated with an increased risk of LC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.11, p = 0.012), whereas the Eubacteriaceae showed a protective effect (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.89, p = 0.001). These findings remained robust after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. Our mediator screening identified 13 blood metabolites that significantly influence LC risk after FDR correction, underscoring cystine and propionylcarnitine in reducing LC risk, while linking specific lipids and hydroxy acids to an increased risk. Our two-step mediation analysis demonstrated that the association between the bacterial pathway of synthesis of guanosine ribonucleotides and LC was mediated by Fructosyllysine, with mediated proportions of 11.38% (p = 0.037). LDSC analysis confirmed the robustness of these associations. Our study unveiled significant host genes ROBO2 may influence the abundance of pathogenic gut microbes in LC patients. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed glutathione metabolism and glutamate metabolism are the pathways most enriched with significant metabolites related to LC.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of GM in the development of LC, with metabolites partly mediating this effect, and provide dietary and lifestyle recommendations for high-risk lung cancer populations. more...

ObjectiveTo explore the metabolic changes during the development of Tupaia belangeri breast tumors, to investigate the close relationship between the changes of serum metabolic substances and the occurrence and progression of tumors, and to screen for biomarkers reflecting the progression of breast tumors.MethodsBreast tumors in Tupaia belangeri were induced by orally administering 7,12-dimethylbenzoanthracene (DMBA) three times, with a 15-day interval between each administration, along with a high-fat and high-sugar diet. The DMBA-induced breast cancer group and the DMBA-inducedwithout breast cancer group were compared with the control group. Untargeted determination of serum metabolites was performed using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) in DMBA-induced Tupaia belangeri with breast cancer, DMBA-induced without breast cancer and the control group. Multidimensional statistical analysis including unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS-DA) were conducted. Furthermore, t-test was used for intergroup differential comparison. Differential metabolites were screened under VIP>1 and P1, P1, P1, P more...

Preclinical animal experiment is an important bridge connecting basic medicine and clinic, and the necessity of animal experiment registration is becoming more and more apparent. This paper introduces the international animal experiment registration platform, registration content and process, and compares and analyzes it, aiming to popularize the knowledge of animal experiment registration, improve the awareness of researchers, and provide reference for domestic researchers to register animal experiments. more...

A combined weight window and biasing approach has been developed to optimize the specific purpose McLDL code for simulating the spectral response of gamma-gamma lithodensity logging tools. The method is based on the use of photon importance maps which are strongly dependent upon the geometric configuration of the logging tool. A subspace in the formation is taken as an importance region and a one-group importance generator is used in conjunction with the current McLDL code. The splitting of a photon only occurs within the important subspace, and direction biasing and the exponential transform are applied to drive photons into that region or the detector. The approach has been tested on a computational benchmark problem and the Atlas Wireline Services' commercial gamma-gamma lithodensity logging tool. Compared to the results from the previous McLDL code, this new approach has eliminated the unacceptably large weight fluctuations and substantially improved the code's performance in computational accuracy and efficiency by decreasing the relative standard deviation in total detection yield by an order of magnitude and increasing the figure of merit by more than 70 times. Also, the revised McLDL code is more efficient than the general purpose Monte Carlo code MCNP in the simulation of gamma-gamma lithodensity logging tool responses. more...

Metal wire mesh porous materials are kinds of porous materials with the controllable pores, high specific surface area, high strength, and low cost, which have been widely used in the filtration separation fields of high temperature flue gas and slurry oil, because of the high permeability and high filtration precision. Furthermore, due to the high specific surface area, open pore structure, high porosity, high strength, and adjustable graded pore size, the metal wire mesh porous materials have been paid attention in the fields of photocatalysis, combustion engine emission abatement systems, efficient heat transfer, and explosion suppression. The structure and preparation methods of metal wire mesh porous materials were briefly introduced in this paper, the application progress on the fields of filtration separation, catalysis, efficient heat transfer, and explosion suppression was emphatically summarized, and the application prospect and development direction were also proposed. more...

In order to reduce the incidence of traffic accidents caused by the emotional state of drivers, this study proposes an emotion recognition algorithm based on vehicle noise environment. This algorithm can effectively identify the emotional state of drivers and provide support for further improving their emotions. To address challenges in existing research on speech emotion recognition, such as excessive model parameters, poor generalization, and suboptimal performance in noisy environments, this paper proposes a lightweight network model suitable for small datasets. The model utilizes Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC) as input features, and employs parallel feature extraction layers at different scales. These features are then fed into a feature learning module for in-depth extraction, with the final determination of the driver’s emotional state made by the output layer. Experimental results show that the model achieves an accuracy of 96.08% on the EMO-DB speech dataset. Even in simulated in-vehicle noise environments, the model exhibits high accuracy and robustness. Moreover, compared to other lightweight models, it has fewer training parameters and faster processing speed, making it suitable for deployment on edge devices in mobile applications. more...

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine combined with Liuzijue exercise on the physiological symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in postoperative patients with early-stage lung cancer. Methods: One hundred and eighty-three lung cancer patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) were categorize into either a traditional Chinese medicine treatment group (CM) or a control group (non-traditional Chinese medicine treatment, NC), among whom 73 underwent Chinese herbal medicine and Liuzijue therapy, while 110 underwent no comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. The propensity score matching (PSM) method with a 1:2 ratio was used to balance the baseline characteristics and evaluate the efficacy of CM in improving postoperative symptoms and QoL. Results: Cough, dyspnea, chest pain, and fatigue were the most common clinical symptoms after VATS. Except for chest pain, they were all correlated with the scope of operation ( P .05). In the domain of global health status, the improvement in QoL in CM was greater than that in NC (6.06 ± 15.83 vs −1.06 ± 14.68, P = .005). In terms of symptoms, improvements in cough (1.69 ± 3.15 vs 0.38 ± 2.63, P = .006), dyspnea during climbing stairs (−10.30 ± 16.82 vs −1.82 ± 17.97, P = .004), and pain (−0.76 ± 1.32 vs −0.08 ± 1.31, P = .002) in CM were better than in NC. Conclusion: Comprehensive treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can provide therapeutic benefits in physiological rehabilitation after VATS for cancer. more...

This paper discusses coordinated control problems for systems over finite fields via fully actuated approach. Novel types of consensus and synchronization, which are irrelevant to initial states, are proposed. For different coordinated control problems, suitable controllers are designed, which are able to drive the system to the corresponding trajectory in finite steps. Besides, the conclusions are applied to stabilization, and the convergence time is analyzed. As an application, a camera network example is given to illustrate the results. more...

Foxtail millet prolamin, one of the major protein constituents of foxtail millet, has garnered attention due to its unique amino acid composition and function. Foxtail millet prolamin exhibits specific physicochemical and functional characteristics, such as solubility, surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying, and foaming properties. These characteristics have been exploited in the preparation and development of products, including plant-based alternative products, nutritional supplements, and gluten-free foods. Additionally, because of the favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability, foxtail millet prolamin is frequently used as a carrier for encapsulation and targeted delivery of bioactive substances. Moreover, studies have shown that foxtail millet prolamin is highly nutritious and displays various biological activities like antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and anti-diabetic potential, making it a valuable ingredient in medicinal products and contributing to its potential role in therapeutic diets. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the amino acid composition and structural characteristics of foxtail millet prolamin, as well as the functional properties, biological activities, and applications in functional food formulation and drug delivery strategy. Challenges and future perspectives for the utilization of foxtail millet prolamin are also pointed out. This review aims to provide novel ideas and broad prospects for the effective use of foxtail millet prolamin. more...

Background: Postoperative non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients frequently encounter a deteriorated quality of life (QOL), disturbed immune response, and disordered homeostasis. Si-Jun-Zi Decoction (SJZD), a well-known traditional Chinese herbal formula, is frequently employed in clinical application for many years. Exploration is underway to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of SJZD for treating postoperative NSCLC. Objective: To assess the efficacy of SJZD on QOLs, hematological parameters, and regulations of gut microbiota in postoperative NSCLC patients. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted, enrolling 65 postoperative NSCLC patients between May 10, 2020 and March 15, 2021 in Yueyang Hospital, with 33 patients in SJZD group and 32 patients in control (CON) group. The SJZD group comprised of patients who received standard treatments and the SJZD decoction, while the CON group consisted of those only underwent standard treatments. The treatment period was 4 weeks. The primary outcome was QOL. The secondary outcomes involved serum immune cell and inflammation factor levels, safety, and alterations in gut microbiota. Results: SJZD group showed significant enhancements in cognitive functioning ( P = .048) at week 1 and physical functioning ( P = .019) at week 4. Lung cancer-specific symptoms included dyspnea ( P = .001), coughing ( P = .008), hemoptysis ( P = .034), peripheral neuropathy ( P = .019), and pain (arm or shoulder, P = .020, other parts, P = .019) eased significantly in the fourth week. Anemia indicators such as red blood cell count ( P = .003 at week 1, P = .029 at week 4) and hemoglobin ( P = .016 at week 1, P = .048 at week 4) were significantly elevated by SJZD. SJZD upregulated blood cell cluster differentiation (CD)3 + ( P = .001 at week 1, P more...

BackgroundHyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance in patients with neurological disease; however, its predictive role for outcome in patients with supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is controversial. This study aims to explore the association between hyponatremia within 7 days after bleeding and 90-day mortality in patients with supratentorial sICH.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted at our institution. Patients with sICH meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive value of hyponatremia (serum sodium more...

To reduce the cost of Ti and Ti alloy products, the Ti chips (cutting fibers) from the surface of Ti ingots were used as the raw materials to prepare the Ti alloy fiber porous materials by cleaning, cutting, pressing, and high temperature confined sintering. The microstructures were observed, the influence of pressing pressure on porosity was analyzed, and the effects of sintering temperature, fiber width, and porosity on the compressive properties of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials were systemically studied. The results show that, the interior of Ti alloy fiber porous materials is the through-pore. As the increase of the pressing pressure, the porosity of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials decreases. The compressive platform stress of the Ti alloy fiber porous materials sintered at 1200 ℃ is up to 17.34 MPa with the fiber width of 2 mm and the porosity of 56.0%. The titanium alloy fiber porous materials are prepared at zero cost for the raw materials in this paper, which can be applied in the fields of damping, vibration reduction, and impact protection. more...

In this work, the authors report Cryo-EM structures of the signaling complexes of human GPR21, an orphan GPCR and a potential metabolic disease target, and reveal unique receptor activation conformation when bound to downstream signaling proteins in the absence of any ligand. more...

Objective: The objective of the study was to observe and analyze the characteristics of negative emotions and quality of life (QoL) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from 1 to 3 months after surgery, and summarize their population characteristics after surgery. Materials and Methods: The consolidation rehabilitation period was defined as 1 to 3 months after surgery. The main observation indicators were the general Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Core QoL Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and EORTC QLQ-Lung Cancer-13. The secondary observation indicators were peripheral blood cytokines and immune function indicators. Statistical methods such as one-way analysis of variance and logistic regression were used to analyze the characteristics of this part of the population. Results: Among patients who underwent lung surgery, the overall incidence of anxiety during consolidation recovery was 13.66%, and that of depression was 10.38%. The scores of fatigue, pain, dyspnea, insomnia, and loss of appetite were significantly higher than those of other symptoms (P = 0.000). The presence of anxiety was associated with the site of surgery (P < 0.05) and the presence of depression was associated with emotional functioning and dyspnea (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The occurrence of negative emotions in the postoperative NSCLC population is related to gender, and the degree of emotions is negatively correlated with QoL and positively correlated with the degree of symptoms. The main relevant syndromes are the pulmonary and meridian categories. more...

Triploid and pentaploid breeding is of great importance in agricultural production, but it is not always easy to obtain double ploidy parents. However, in fishes, chromosome ploidy is diversiform, which may provide natural parental resources for triploid and pentaploid breeding. Both tetraploid and hexaploid exist in Schizothorax fishes, which were thought to belong to different subfamilies with tetraploid Percocypris fishes in morphology, but they are sister genera in molecule. Fortunately, the pentaploid hybrid fishes have been successfully obtained by hybridization of Schizothorax wangchiachii (♀, 2n = 6X = 148) × Percocypris pingi (♂, 2n = 4X = 98). To understand the genetic and morphological difference among the hybrid fishes and their parents, four methods were used in this study: morphology, karyotype, red blood cell (RBC) DNA content determination and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR). In morphology, the hybrid fishes were steady, and between their parents with no obvious preference. The chromosome numbers of P. pingi have been reported as 2n = 4X = 98. In this study, the karyotype of S. wangchiachii was 2n = 6X = 148 = 36m + 34sm + 12st + 66t, while that the hybrid fishes was 2n = 5X = 123 = 39m + 28sm + 5st + 51t. Similarly, the RBC DNA content of the hybrid fishes was intermediate among their parents. In ISSR, the within-group genetic diversity of hybrid fishes was higher than that of their parents. Moreover, the genetic distance of hybrid fishes between P. pingi and S.wangchiachii was closely related to that of their parental ploidy, suggesting that parental genetic material stably coexisted in the hybrid fishes. This is the first report to show a stable pentaploid F1 hybrids produced by hybridization of a hexaploid and a tetraploid in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The oral delivery strategy of natural anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents has attracted great attention to improve the effectiveness of ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. Herein, we developed a novel orally deliverable nanoparticle, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)-modified astaxanthin (AXT)-loaded nanoparticles (CMC-AXT-NPs), for UC treatment. The CMC-AXT-NPs were evaluated by appearance, morphology, particle size, ζ-potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The results showed that CMC-AXT-NPs were nearly spherical in shape with a particle size of 34.5 nm and ζ-potential of −30.8 mV, and the EE of CMC-AXT-NPs was as high as 95.03%. The CMC-AXT-NPs exhibited preferable storage stability over time and well-controlled drug-release properties in simulated intestinal fluid. Additionally, in vitro studies revealed that CMC-AXT-NPs remarkably inhibited cytotoxicity induced by LPS and demonstrated superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities in Raw264.7 cells. Furthermore, CMC-AXT-NPs effectively alleviated clinical symptoms of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), including maintaining body weight, inhibiting colon shortening, and reducing fecal bleeding. Importantly, CMC-AXT-NPs suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and ameliorated DSS-induced oxidative damage. Our results demonstrated the potential of CMC-modified nanoparticles as an oral delivery system and suggested these novel AXT nanoparticles could be a promising strategy for UC treatment. more...

Abstract Background Recently, machine learning (ML) has become attractive in genomic prediction, but its superiority in genomic prediction over conventional (ss) GBLUP methods and the choice of optimal ML methods need to be investigated. Results In this study, 2566 Chinese Yorkshire pigs with reproduction trait records were genotyped with the GenoBaits Porcine SNP 50 K and PorcineSNP50 panels. Four ML methods, including support vector regression (SVR), kernel ridge regression (KRR), random forest (RF) and Adaboost.R2 were implemented. Through 20 replicates of fivefold cross-validation (CV) and one prediction for younger individuals, the utility of ML methods in genomic prediction was explored. In CV, compared with genomic BLUP (GBLUP), single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) and the Bayesian method BayesHE, ML methods significantly outperformed these conventional methods. ML methods improved the genomic prediction accuracy of GBLUP, ssGBLUP, and BayesHE by 19.3%, 15.0% and 20.8%, respectively. In addition, ML methods yielded smaller mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) in all scenarios. ssGBLUP yielded an improvement of 3.8% on average in accuracy compared to that of GBLUP, and the accuracy of BayesHE was close to that of GBLUP. In genomic prediction of younger individuals, RF and Adaboost.R2_KRR performed better than GBLUP and BayesHE, while ssGBLUP performed comparably with RF, and ssGBLUP yielded slightly higher accuracy and lower MSE than Adaboost.R2_KRR in the prediction of total number of piglets born, while for number of piglets born alive, Adaboost.R2_KRR performed significantly better than ssGBLUP. Among ML methods, Adaboost.R2_KRR consistently performed well in our study. Our findings also demonstrated that optimal hyperparameters are useful for ML methods. After tuning hyperparameters in CV and in predicting genomic outcomes of younger individuals, the average improvement was 14.3% and 21.8% over those using default hyperparameters, respectively. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that ML methods had better overall prediction performance than conventional genomic selection methods, and could be new options for genomic prediction. Among ML methods, Adaboost.R2_KRR consistently performed well in our study, and tuning hyperparameters is necessary for ML methods. The optimal hyperparameters depend on the character of traits, datasets etc. more...

Different thermal-oxidative environments (70, 130 ℃ and 190 ℃) have important effects on the properties of carbon fiber composites. The mass loss characteristics of T800 carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites under different thermal-oxidative environments were analyzed, and the surface morphology, infrared spectra, dynamic mechanical properties and interlaminar shear properties of T800 carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites before and after aging were compared. The results show that in the initial stage of thermal-oxidative aging, the mass loss rate is increased rapidly, and the higher the aging temperature, the faster the mass loss. The extent of damage sample surface morphology is gradually increased with the increasing of thermal-oxidative temperature, after aging at 190 ℃, the resin on the fiber surface falls off seriously, the cracks and gaps appear between the fibers, and there is no resin filling, at this aging temperature, the sample has an irreversible chemical change. The glass transition temperature of the sample is increased with the increase of aging temperature, but the internal friction is decreased at first, then increased and then decreased. After thermal-oxidative aging at 70, 130 ℃ and 190 ℃, the shear strength of the samples is increased by 6.0%, 13.7% and 2.1%, respectively. The relevant test results and phenomena can provide data reference for the follow-up study of the new domestic T800 carbon fiber/epoxy composites. more...

In signed networks, GNNs are used to get node embedding by aggregating node neighbor information. Most of the existing methods aggregate neighbor information from the node level, and the different paths between nodes and neighbors will also affect node embedding. The target node and its neighbors have different link positive,negative signs and link directions, which together constitute different paths.These different paths have different contributions to the target node.Based on the structural balance theory and status theory, this paper divides the different paths between nodes and their neighbors into 20 kinds of motifs, which are using to capture the different effects of paths on target nodes. Comprehensive consideration at the node level and path level, SNEDA (Signed Network Embedding via dual attention Mechanism) is proposed based on the graph attention Network. The model has two attention mechanisms: node-level attention captures different influences between nodes at the node level; path-level attention captures the different influences between motifs at the path level. The final vector representation of nodes is obtained by aggregating neighbor information selectively based on important motifs, and the vector representation is applied to link prediction. Experiments on four real social network data sets show that the network representation obtained by the model can improve the accuracy of link prediction. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework through a signed link prediction task on four real-world signed network datasets. more...

BackgroudRecurrence of Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is not uncommon after surgery, and the associated factors and incidence of relapse deserve a systematic summary.MethodsThis study was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched until September 12, 2022. Studies with significant results of recurrent factors or specific incidences of RCC recurrence and mean/median follow-up time were included. Based on a protocol of a 2-year interval grouping, included studies were categorized into four groups with follow-up periods more...

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle development, a long-term and complex process, is controlled by a set of the myogenic genes. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of noncoding RNA, have been shown to regulate various biological processes. Recent studies indicate circRNAs may be involved in myogenesis, but the role and regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in myogenesis is largely unknown. In the present study, circCPE was firstly found to promote the bovine myoblast proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis and differentiation by influencing the expression of FOXC1 in a miR138-mediated manner. And in vivo experiments revealed that overexpression of circCPE attenuates skeletal muscle regeneration. Results We identified a novel circular RNA circCPE by analyzing circRNAs sequencing data of bovine muscle tissue. Sequencing verification, RNase R treatment and Actinomycin D treatment confirmed the circular nature of circCPE in bovine muscle. Functional assays showed that overexpression of circCPE could inhibit bovine myoblast apoptosis and differentiation, as well as facilitate cell proliferation. Moreover, in vivo experiments revealed that overexpression of circCPE attenuates skeletal muscle regeneration. In consideration of circRNA action as miRNAs sponge, we found that circCPE harbors miR-138 binding sites and absorbed miR-138. Mechanistically, the rescue experiments showed that the overexpression of circCPE can counteract the inhibitory effect of miR-138 on the cell proliferation and the accelerated effects on the differentiation and apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that circCPE sequester the inhibitory effect of miR-138 on FOXC1 so as to involve in myogenesis. Conclusions Collectively, we constructed a novel circCPE/miR-138/FOXC1 regulatory network in bovine myogenesis, which further provide stronger evidence that circRNA involved in muscle development acting as miRNA sponge. more...

Ti−6Al−3Nb−2Zr−1Mo alloys were prepared by forging and annealing at 980 ℃. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the annealed alloys on the different sections were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that, compared with the forged alloys, the content of α phase in the annealed Ti−6Al−3Nb−2Zr−1Mo alloys decreases, and the content of the metastable β phase increases. During the cooling in the air, the metastable β phase is transformed into the secondary α phase and a small amount of β phase. After annealing at 980 ℃, α-Ti in Ti−6Al−3Nb−2Zr−1Mo alloys exhibits the texture types of RD//[\begin{document}$ \bar {1} $\end{document}2\begin{document}$ \bar {1} $\end{document}0] and FD//[0001], where RD is the forging compression direction (forging direction), and FD is the free extension direction of forging. The fracture morphology of Ti−6Al−3Nb−2Zr−1Mo alloys along the different tensile direction is mainly ductile fracture, and the fracture mode shows the micropore aggregation fracture. When the annealed alloys are stretched in RD direction, the size of the dimple is larger, and the corresponding elongation is superior to that in any other direction. more...

Coptisine (Cop) exerts a neuroprotective effect on central nervous system disease, particularly ischemic stroke. However, its protective mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Cop on cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (IR) rats with a middle cerebral artery occlusion model by integrating a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics approach with biochemical assessment. Our results showed that Cop could improve neurobehavioral function and decrease the ischemia size in IR rats. In addition, Cop was found to decrease inflammatory mediators (e.g., prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and attenuate oxidative stress response (e.g., increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and decrease 8-iso-PGF2α level). Furthermore, the GC-MS-based cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolomics analysis indicated that Cop influenced the level of glycine, 2,3,4-trihydroxybutyric acid, oleic acid, glycerol, and ribose during IR injury. Cop exhibited a good neuroprotective effect against cerebral IR injury and metabolic alterations, which might be mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. more...

BackgroudDelayed postoperative hyponatremia (DPH) is common for sellar lesions. However, the true prevalence and associated factors of DPH after endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) have not been studied in a large patient cohort.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted over 6 years at our institution, and patients with RCC treated by EES were enrolled according to our inclusion criteria. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, images, and surgical procedures were documented. Serum sodium was routinely measured before surgery, on postoperative day 1, and every 2 days thereafter until discharge. For patients with DPH, electrolyte, hematocrit, serum protein levels, and plasma and urinary osmolality were daily measured to explore potential etiology.ResultsOf the 149 eligible patients, 25 (16.8%) developed DPH, which was similar to other sellar lesions, except craniopharyngioma, in the same period in our institution. Significant risk factors suggested by univariate analysis were cyst location, requirement of postoperative hydrocortisone therapy, postoperative meningitis, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, and subtotal resection (STR) of the cyst wall (all p more...

Taking the spider cardan shaft-hypoid gear pair-tapered roller bearing-half shaft rear axle of the shaft system as the research object， based on the dynamics analysis software Adams， considering the influence of the intermediate support， the transmission shaft-rear axle system dynamics simulation model is established. The second-order （angular） acceleration amplitude curves of the intermediate support， the inputting position of the rear axle and the end of the half axle at different input speeds are obtained. The peak value position of the second-order （angular） acceleration curve is also determined. By using the bench test study based on order tracking， the experimental results show the natural frequency of the first order torsional vibration of the system is 57 Hz， which is consistent with the modal frequency of the system obtained by simulation analysis， and proves the correctness of the Adams simulation calculation result of the transmission shift-rear axle system. The problem of low accuracy of dynamics simulation in studying the coupling vibration characteristics of the flexible transmission system， especially in obtaining the modal parameters is solved. more...

To build a vomit-free ward of scientific and standardized management mode, and to evaluate its clinical effects on preventing nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.