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5. Solvent fractions of Vitellaria paradoxaroot extract suppress phenylhydrazine-mediated jaundice in Wistar rats

Author

Anyebe, Daniel Abu, Turaki, Abdullahi Aliyu, Yusuf, Abdulrahman Bashir, Shemishere, Ufuoma Bigila, Okwanya, Musa Idu, and Tajudeen, Yahaya

Abstract

Background: In the first few days of life, jaundice has continued to be a major health concern. It typically manifests as a yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera as a result of bilirubin deposition from excessively high concentrations in the body. It affects 80% of preterm and 60% of term new-borns within the first seven days of life, which is of great concern. According to the World Health Organization, the widespread acceptance of traditional medicines can be attributed to their accessibility and affordability. In West African arid savannah, there is a tree called Vitellaria paradoxa(Sapotaceae) that grows naturally. This well-known herb has numerous applications in medicine. Various plant components, including the leaves, roots, seeds, and fruit, have all been used in traditional medicine to cure a variety of illnesses. The purpose of this study is to objectively ascertain the efficacy of V. paradoxaroot extracts on jaundice. Rats given phenylhydrazine (PHZ) to induce hyperbilirubinemia were orally administered ethylacetate, n-butanol, n-hexane, and aqueous fractions. Result: Results indicated the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenol. n-hexane and ethylacetate fractions showed activity against jaundice in rats. This observation was due to the fact that they significantly improved all biomarkers that were examined, namely body weight change, liver function parameters (total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and total protein), haematological parameters (white blood cells, haemoglobin, red blood cells, haematocrit, and platelets), and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde). Conclusion: n-Hexane and ethylacetate fractions of the extract showed significant activity against PHZ-induced jaundice in rats. However, n-hexane fraction was the most active fraction.

Published
2024
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6. Mechanistic exploration of 6-shogaol’s preventive effects on azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium -induced colorectal cancer: involvement of cell proliferation, apoptosis, carcinoembryonic antigen, wingless-related integration site signaling, and oxido-inflammation.

Author

Farombi, Ebenezer Olatunde, Ajayi, Babajide Oluwaseun, Ajeigbe, Olufunke Florence, Maruf, Opeyemi Rabiat, Anyebe, Daniel Abu, Opafunso, Ifeoluwa Tobi, and Adedara, Isaac Adegboyega

Subjects
*CARCINOEMBRYONIC antigen, *CANCER cell proliferation, *DEXTRAN sulfate, *SODIUM sulfate, *WNT signal transduction, *ADENOMATOUS polyposis coli
Abstract

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant global health burden, being the third most prevalent cancer and the second most significant contributor to cancer-related deaths worldwide. Preventive strategies are crucial to combat this rising incidence. 6-shogaol, derived from ginger, has shown promise in preventing and treating various cancers. This study investigated the preventive effects of 6-shogaol on azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC in mice. Forty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, 6-shogaol, AOM + DSS, and 6-shogaol + AOM + DSS. Mice in the control group received corn oil for 16 weeks, while those in the 6-Shogaol group were administered 20 mg/kg of 6-shogaol for 16 weeks. The AOM + DSS group received a single intraperitoneal dose (ip) of 10 mg/kg of AOM, followed by three cycles of 2.5% DSS in drinking water. The 6-shogaol + AOM + DSS group received both 6-shogaol for 16 weeks and a single ip of 10 mg/kg of AOM, followed by three cycles of 2.5% DSS in drinking water. The AOM + DSS-treated mice exhibited reduced food consumption, colon weight, and colon length, along with increased tumor formation. Co-administration of 6-shogaol effectively reversed these changes, inhibiting CRC development. Histopathological analysis revealed protective effects of 6-shogaol against colonic insults and modulation of inflammatory responses. 6-shogaol significantly reduced Carcinoembryonic antigen and Kiel 67 levels, indicating inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Mechanistically, 6-shogaol promoted apoptosis by upregulating protein 53 and caspase-3 expression, and it effectively restored the balance of the Wingless-related integration site signaling pathway by regulating β-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli levels. Moreover, 6-shogaol demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, reducing myeloperoxidase, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, and cyclooxygenase-2 levels in AOM/DSS-treated mice. Additionally, 6-shogaol restored redox homeostasis by reducing lipid peroxidation and nitrosative stress and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. The findings suggest that 6-shogaol inhibits cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, regulates Wnt signaling, suppresses inflammation, and restores redox homeostasis, providing comprehensive insights into its potential therapeutic benefits for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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