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The purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity of the Perioperative Anxiety Scale-7 (PAS-7), which was created by Chinese medical professionals, by using the State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI-S) as the standard for the diagnosis of preoperative anxiety, and to compare whether there is a difference between the PAS-7 and the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) in the diagnosis of preoperative anxiety in the Chinese population. This study was an observational study. The PAS-7, APAIS, and STAI-S were all completed the day before surgery. The internal consistency test was used to evaluate the scale's reliability, and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the scale's construct validity. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between PAS-7 and STAI-S, and APAIS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the diagnostic value of PAS-7 and APAIS. The PAS-7 Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.804. The indicators of the overall fitting coefficient were within the acceptable range. PAS-7 scores correlated well with STAI-S and APAIS scores (P <.01). The area under the ROC curve of PAS-7 was 0.808 (0.752-0.856), and the area under the ROC curve of APAIS was 0.674 (0.611-0.733). The difference between areas was 0.133 (0.0612-0.206), P <.001, and the diagnostic value of PAS-7 was higher than that of APAIS. The PAS-7 scale has high reliability and validity and can be used to assess preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing elective surgery. PAS-7 is superior to APAIS for assessing preoperative anxiety in the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Introduction: Japanese elite athletes were affected by the spread of COVID-19 infection. Four years after the pandemic, COVID-19 is still spreading and subsiding, and it is expected that some athletes are still concerned about COVID-19. Therefore, we developed the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale for Elite Athletes (CAS-EA) to measure COVID-19 anxiety among Japanese elite athletes and to examine its reliability and validity. Method: This is an observational cross-sectional study. In study 1, a 35-item anxiety questionnaire about COVID-19 was administered to 100 elite athletes on 8/18-9/1/2020. In study 2, 296 elite athletes were asked to respond to the CAS-EA, the Japanese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Japanese version of the Fear of Coronavirus Virus Scale (FCV-19S) from 8/31-11/8/2022. Results: In study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to create CAS-EA, which consisted of 19 items with four factors: Restrictions, Sport, Practice and Athlete value. The reliability of the scales was examined, confirming a certain internal consistency. In addition, study 2 showed significant positive correlations with CAS-EA and related scales. In the COVID-19 disaster, psychological stress was more strongly associated with A-trait than physical stress, a result that could be explained by Spielberger’s Trait-state anxiety theory. Furthermore, CAS-EA scores were significantly higher for female than for male, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. Conclusion: An attempt was made to create a scale to measure anxiety about COVID-19 in Japanese elite athletes, and a 4-factor, 19-item CAS-EA was created. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested and confirmed successfully.

Abstract:Introduction: Japanese elite athletes were affected by the spread of COVID-19 infection. Four years after the pandemic, COVID-19 is still spreading and subsiding, and it is expected that some athletes are still concerned about COVID-19. Therefore, we developed the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale for Elite Athletes (CAS-EA) to measure COVID-19 anxiety among Japanese elite athletes and to examine its reliability and validity. Method: This is an observational cross-sectional study. In study 1, a 35-item anxiety questionnaire about COVID-19 was administered to 100 elite athletes on 8/18-9/1/2020. In study 2, 296 elite athletes were asked to respond to the CAS-EA, the Japanese version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Japanese version of the Fear of Coronavirus Virus Scale (FCV-19S) from 8/31-11/8/2022. Results: In study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to create CAS-EA, which consisted of 19 items with four factors: Restrictions, Sport, Practice and Athlete value. The reliability of the scales was examined, confirming a certain internal consistency. In addition, study 2 showed significant positive correlations with CAS-EA and related scales. In the COVID-19 disaster, psychological stress was more strongly associated with A-trait than physical stress, a result that could be explained by Spielberger's Trait-state anxiety theory. Furthermore, CAS-EA scores were significantly higher for female than for male, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. Conclusion: An attempt was made to create a scale to measure anxiety about COVID-19 in Japanese elite athletes, and a 4-factor, 19-item CAS-EA was created. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested and confirmed successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Objective: To investigate diverse hysterectomy techniques to determine their influence on patient outcomes, including pain levels, sexual function, anxiety, and quality of life. Of particular focus is the comparison between vessel sealing and traditional suturing in abdominal, vaginal, and laparoscopic hysterectomies. This study is unique in its comprehensive evaluation, considering patient satisfaction, recommendation rates, recovery times, and various other aspects. Method: Our prospective cohort study adhered to ethical guidelines, involving a meticulous assessment of patients, including medical history, anxiety levels, pelvic pain, sexual function, and quality of life. Surgical methods were explained to patients, allowing them to actively participate in the decision-making process. Sociodemographic information was collected, and exclusion criteria were applied. Hysterectomy methods included total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), vaginal hysterectomy (VH), and a modified vaginal technique known as VH Mujas. Several parameters were recorded, including operation indications, uterine volume, hospital stay, operation duration, pre-operative and post-operative complications, and more. Results: In all groups, a statistically significant increase was found in pre-operative–post-operative FSFI sexual function values (p < 0.001). The patient's basal Beck Anxiety Scale scores significantly decreased following the decision for vaginal surgery, both in the VH and VH Mujas groups (p < 0.05). However, Beck Anxiety Scale scores at patients' initial assessments significantly increased following the decision for abdominal and laparoscopic surgery (p < 0.001). According to the results of the SF-36 quality of life assessment, an increase was observed in all post-operative quality of life parameters in patients who underwent surgery with different methods due to VH (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our comprehensive comparison of hysterectomy techniques demonstrated that VH, particularly when utilizing the Mujas technique, outperforms other hysterectomy methods regarding patient safety and post-operative satisfaction but also offers the benefit of minimal invasiveness. Notably, this is reflected in improved quality of life, enhanced sexual function, lower pain scores, and favorable cosmetic results. The success of a hysterectomy procedure depends on precise indications, surgical planning, proper patient selection, and effective communication. This study emphasizes the significance of these factors in achieving optimal outcomes. The development of specialized vascular closure devices can further enhance the feasibility of vaginal hysterectomy, making it a preferable choice in gynecological surgery. The study contributes valuable insights into selecting the most suitable hysterectomy method for patients and optimizing their recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine the anxiety levels of parents with gifted children. The participants were selected using a convenient sampling method. The sample of this study consisted of 550 parents of gifted middle school students attending 12 Science and Art Centers throughout Turkey in the 2022-2023 academic year. This study utilized the "Anxiety Scale for Parents of Gifted Children," developed by the researchers in this study, which consisted of 30 items, to obtain quantitative data. A Personal Information Form was used for demographic information. The scale's validity was assessed through face, content, and construct validity, and its reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, item discrimination, and test-retest analyses. Expert opinion and a pilot study were conducted for face and content validity, whereas EFA and CFA were performed for construct validity. The data of 300 randomly selected participants (229 females and 71 males) were used for EFA, while the data of the remaining 250 participants (189 females and 61 males) were used for CFA. As a result of the EFA, eleven items were excluded, and CFA was conducted. The analysis yielded the following fit indices for the scale: RMSEA= .054, GFI= .912, CFI= .937, and IFI= .939. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .890. Based on the analyses, a valid and reliable scale comprising 19 items and five factors was developed to assess the anxiety levels of parents with gifted children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety disorder is observed in half of the patients in the preoperative period. Psychological disorders are also frequently observed in cancer patients and need to be supported. The aim of the present study is to determine the level of preoperative anxiety in patients with malignant and benign diagnoses who were planned for elective surgery and to reveal its relationship with socio-demographic data. A tertiary hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the general surgery clinic between June 1, 2021- March 31, 2022, on 158 patients who underwent elective surgery. Participants were evaluated in two groups depending on their diagnosis; the cancer group and the benign group. The socio-demographic data were recorded and the level of anxiety was determined by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The median age of participants was 55 (19-78) years. There were 72 (45.6%) patients in the cancer group and 86 (54.4%) patients in the benign group. There was no significant difference in age, gender, marital status, job, level of income, and family cancer history between the two groups. There were significant differences between the groups in level of education, and previous surgical history (p=0.035, and p=0.037, respectively). BAI scores of the cancer group and control group were 10.5 (0-35) and 5 (0-49), respectively (p [Med-Science 2022; 11(4.000): 1452-5]

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study of library anxiety among a group of Arab students in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The paper also investigated the factors that affect the students' level of anxiety while using academic libraries. The study tried to compare the difference in the level of anxiety in the two countries using a scale (LLPB) developed by the researchers which fit the culture in the Arab region. The study adopted a mixed methods approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with several students in Saudi Arabia and Egypt to determine the main factors that lead to having a level of anxiety in the libraries. In the second stage, a questionnaire was sent to students to measure what factors have a greater impact on the level of anxiety. The data showed that Egyptian students are more anxious about using the libraries than the Saudi students. The results also indicated that there is a need to train students on how to use the libraries and also change students' perception regarding the library to reduce the level of anxiety. This study was conducted in Egypt and Saudi Arabia the level of library anxiety and the factors that may affect the students may vary in other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety disorder is observed in half of the patients in the preoperative period. Psychological disorders are also frequently observed in cancer patients and need to be supported. The aim of the present study is to determine the level of preoperative anxiety in patients with malignant and benign diagnoses who were planned for elective surgery and to reveal its relationship with socio-demographic data. A tertiary hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the general surgery clinic between June 1, 2021- March 31, 2022, on 158 patients who underwent elective surgery. Participants were evaluated in two groups depending on their diagnosis; the cancer group and the benign group. The socio-demographic data were recorded and the level of anxiety was determined by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The median age of participants was 55 (19-78) years. There were 72 (45.6%) patients in the cancer group and 86 (54.4%) patients in the benign group. There was no significant difference in age, gender, marital status, job, level of income, and family cancer history between the two groups. There were significant differences between the groups in level of education, and previous surgical history (p=0.035, and p=0.037, respectively). BAI scores of the cancer group and control group were 10.5 (0-35) and 5 (0-49), respectively (p<0.001). The level of anxiety in the cancer group was also significantly higher than in the benign group (p<0.001). Cancer patients have more anxiety during the preoperative period than patients who were with benign diseases. We believe that previous surgical history and education level are other factors that affect anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. It is well known that many events during life can be stressful events, specifically events related to health. Abortion is an event that represents a robust risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms. Induced abortions occur for many reasons, including genetic defect, missed abortion, various diseases of the mother, trauma etc. The impact of abortion (as stressful life events) in the etiology of anxiety disorders has been described in the literature. Anxiety disorders are defined as excessive worry or fear and tension about everyday events and problems or for any sudden stressful life events. Anxiety levels are typically classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe and panic level anxiety. Objective. The primary objective of the study was to determine the anxiety scale before an induced abortion. Materials and methods. This is a cohort study. The study was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, a tertiary care hospital. 189 women participated in the study waiting for abortions. The women were divided into two groups; 87 women designated for surgical abortion and 102 for drug-induced abortion. Both groups were assessed separately for presence and degree of anxiety. To evaluate these two parameters were used Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25). Only the first 10 HSCL-25 questions were used to assess the presence and anxiety scale. The anxiety scale was measured before the abortion. The primary outcome measures studied were the incidence of abortions, the average maternal age, type of induced abortion, presence of anxiety, and anxiety scale. Results. During the study period in our clinic, 1376 pregnant women were hospitalized, out of which 189 cases for abortion. The incidence rate of abortions was 13.7 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Of these 189 cases for abortion in both groups, 110 women or 58.2% had anxiety. The mean age of patients was 28.76 ± 6.2 years. Out of 110 cases that experienced anxiety during an induced abortion; 78.2% (86 cases) had mild anxiety, 19.1% (21 cases) moderate anxiety, and 2.7% (3 cases) severe anxiety. A comparison was made between the two groups, and it turned out those women with surgical abortions had a relative risk (RR) OF 1.5 times higher to experience anxiety during abortion procedures than not even women with drug-induced abortions. Anxiety was experienced by women in the form of phobias. Women who underwent surgical abortion mostly had phobias such as; phobia by uncontrollable bleeding (31.7%), followed by phobia by surgical abortion procedures (27%), phobia associated with anesthesia (14.3%), while women who underwent drug-induced abortion mostly had phobias by phobia associated with abortion failure, and likelihood for surgical abortion (44.7%), followed by phobia for developing infections (31.9%) etc. Conclusions. The results of this study show that the incidence of abortions was 13.7 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Regardless of the method of abortion, 58% of women experienced anxiety during the abortion procedure. Of these, 78% had low levels of anxiety, 19% moderate and 3% severe anxiety. Findings from our analysis show that women who had abortions with surgical abortions experienced 1.5 times more anxiety than women with drug-induced abortions.

Background: One of the major causes of dental anxiety in children is their first impression of the dental environment. Even minor details, such as the choice of color in a dental setting and the color of dental equipment, can positively influence a child's behavior., Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the emotions in children and color combinations in a pediatric setting., Material and Methods: The study involved 200 children (99 boys and 101 girls) aged between 6 and 12 years who visited the dental clinics at the College of Dentistry, Jazan University, for the first time between November 2017 and January 2018. The participants were divided into 2 groups based on age. The younger children group included participants aged from 6 to 9 years, while the older children group included participants aged from 10 to 12 years. Anxiety levels were recorded using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Colored pencils and images of emoticons were provided to all children, who were instructed to color the negative and positive emoticons with their preferred colors., Results: The analysis of anxiety levels among children in both groups revealed statistically significant differences across sexes in the younger age group, with girls being more anxious than boys (p = 0.003). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed in the choice of colors by children of both sexes in 2 age groups (p = 0.001). Most children were inclined towards bright colors and used them to express their emotions., Conclusions: The incorporation of colors in a dental setting could invoke positive emotions in children. Hence, the use of colors in the workplace has the potential to ease anxiety.

Objective: To evaluate child anxiety prior to dental care; to compare the results obtained by applying different anxiety tests and to assess whether anxiety is related to age or gender, and to identify which test children find to be more attractive and easier to understand. Material and Methods: The research was performed with 30 children of both genders and age group of 4-9 years distributed into Group 1 = children aged 4, 5 and 6 years and Group 2 = children aged 7, 8 and 9 years. Modified Venham Picture Test (VPT), RMS Pictorial Scale (RMS-PS) and Facial Image Scale (FIS) were the anxiety evaluation tests used. For statistical analysis, the Shapiro Wilk Normality test, Spearman correlation and the Independent Proportions test were used. Results: Modified VPT identified 70% anxiety-free children, RMS-PS 90%, and FIS 87%. RMS-PS and FIS scores had moderate correlation (51%). Regarding age groups, no significant difference was found between proportions of group 1 and group 2. According to gender, in 11 girls, the modified VPT test identified 3 (27%) with some anxiety degree; RMS-PS test identified 1 (9%) and FIS test 2 (18%). In 19 boys, modified VPT test identified 6 (32%) with some anxiety degree; RMS-PS test identified 2 (11%) and the FIS test 2 (11%). The test that was the easiest to understand was the modified VPT (54%) and regarding attractiveness, modified VPT and RMS-PS presented similar results, 40% each. Conclusion: All three tests were able to identify anxiety prior to dental care. The evaluation of results showed that the more the children could identify themselves with the test, the more they found it to be easy and attractive.

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is among the first few published screening tools for assessing dysfunctional anxiety induced by the current COVID-19 pandemic. The CAS was translated into the Bangla language following the International Test Commission's guidelines for this adaptation study and placed in an online survey (N = 737, with a mean age of 26.55 (SD = 7.166 years) to assess the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the scale. Results suggested that all items had a good item discrimination index and single-factor structure with good factor loadings. The CAS Bangla version was found to have good internal consistency reliabilities, test-retest reliability, and composite reliability (≥ 0.7). The measurement invariance suggested invariances across age groups and gender. The CAS Bangla version showed a high correlation to the anxiety subscale of the short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a moderate correlation to the depression subscale of the DASS-21 and the COVID-19 Worry Scale. This validation of a Bangla CAS scale would be helpful for mental health practitioners to assess pandemic anxiety among the Bangladeshi people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The basic principle of a sensory adaptive dental environment is that an individual's sensory experiences have a significant impact on their emotional and psychological well-being. Taste, smell, touch, hearing, and sight are the five basic senses that affect our perception and responses to the environment. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a Sensory-Adaptive Dental Environment (SADE) compared with a Regular Dental Environment (RDE) in reducing anxiety, improving behavior, and providing a smooth experience for children undergoing dental treatment. Materials and methods  This parallel-arm pilot study was conducted at the outpatient Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, from January 2024 to March 2024. A total of 148 children who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: Group I (intervention group) received SADE or MSE (Multi-Sensory Environment) intervention, while Group 2 (control group) underwent dental treatments in a Regular Dental Environment (RDE). Patient behavior was assessed using Frankl's behavior rating scale, and anxiety levels were measured using Ayesha's Oddbodd anxiety scale. Additionally, heart rate and oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) were evaluated using a pulse oximeter. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), with significance set at a p-value less than 0.05. Results Before the procedure, there were no notable differences in behavior or anxiety levels. However, after the procedure, children undergoing treatment under SADE resulted in markedly improved behavior and notably lower anxiety levels. Also, this correlated with reduced anxiety levels, indicated by lower heart rates and higher oxygen saturation levels. Conclusion The study concluded that there were notable differences in patient experiences between SADE and RDE. After their dental procedures, participants in the SADE group were found to behave better and feel less nervous. Still, in the conventional setting, only improved behavior was noted, with no significant difference in anxiety levels. Overall, our study suggests that dental offices can significantly enhance patient experiences by providing a sensory-friendly setting that helps children feel more at ease, improves patient outcomes, and less nervous during their visits., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Human Ethical Committee, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals issued approval IHEC/SDC/PEDO-2104/23/081. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Fathima et al.)

Introduction. It is well known that many events during life can be stressful events, specifically events related to health. Abortion is an event that represents a robust risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms. Induced abortions occur for many reasons, including genetic defect, missed abortion, various diseases of the mother, trauma etc. The impact of abortion (as stressful life events) in the etiology of anxiety disorders has been described in the literature. Anxiety disorders are defined as excessive worry or fear and tension about everyday events and problems or for any sudden stressful life events. Anxiety levels are typically classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe and panic level anxiety. Objective. The primary objective of the study was to determine the anxiety scale before an induced abortion. Materials and methods. This is a cohort study. The study was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, a tertiary care hospital. 189 women participated in the study waiting for abortions. The women were divided into two groups; 87 women designated for surgical abortion and 102 for drug-induced abortion. Both groups were assessed separately for presence and degree of anxiety. To evaluate these two parameters were used Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25). Only the first 10 HSCL-25 questions were used to assess the presence and anxiety scale. The anxiety scale was measured before the abortion. The primary outcome measures studied were the incidence of abortions, the average maternal age, type of induced abortion, presence of anxiety, and anxiety scale. Results. During the study period in our clinic, 1376 pregnant women were hospitalized, out of which 189 cases for abortion. The incidence rate of abortions was 13.7 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Of these 189 cases for abortion in both groups, 110 women or 58.2% had anxiety. The mean age of patients was 28.76 ± 6.2 years. Out of 110 cases that experienced anxiety during an induced abortion; 78.2% (86 cases) had mild anxiety, 19.1% (21 cases) moderate anxiety, and 2.7% (3 cases) severe anxiety. A comparison was made between the two groups, and it turned out those women with surgical abortions had a relative risk (RR) OF 1.5 times higher to experience anxiety during abortion procedures than not even women with drug-induced abortions. Anxiety was experienced by women in the form of phobias. Women who underwent surgical abortion mostly had phobias such as; phobia by uncontrollable bleeding (31.7%), followed by phobia by surgical abortion procedures (27%), phobia associated with anesthesia (14.3%), while women who underwent drug-induced abortion mostly had phobias by phobia associated with abortion failure, and likelihood for surgical abortion (44.7%), followed by phobia for developing infections (31.9%) etc. Conclusions. The results of this study show that the incidence of abortions was 13.7 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Regardless of the method of abortion, 58% of women experienced anxiety during the abortion procedure. Of these, 78% had low levels of anxiety, 19% moderate and 3% severe anxiety. Findings from our analysis show that women who had abortions with surgical abortions experienced 1.5 times more anxiety than women with drug-induced abortions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dental anxiety is one of the most common fears that can eventually lead to avoidance of dental care. Knowing how students will respond to dental treatment will aid in increasing their awareness of oral health and overcoming this fear. The present study measured the prevalence of dental anxiety among dental, medical, and nursing students in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study including undergraduate dental, medical, and nursing students at King Saud University and Almajmaa University was conducted to assess dental anxiety using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Descriptive statistics including means, standard deviations, and percentages were calculated. Group comparisons were analyzed using t-tests and analysis of variance. Multiple group comparisons were conducted using Tukey’s post-hoc test. P

Objective: To verify the prevalence and association of parents’ and children’s anxiety concerning socioeconomic variables and child’s behavior during dental care. Methods: This was a quantitative, observational, transversal and descriptive study. Data collection was performed through a questionnaire aiming at sociodemographic data and dental experience as well as Venham Picture Test, Corah Dental Anxiety Scales and Frankl Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test), α = 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 7 to 9 year- old children (57.9%.), of whom 72.6% were submitted to invasive procedures. The prevalence of anxiety among children was 43.2% (n = 41). Regarding parents / guardians, the prevalence of anxiety was 88.4% (n = 84). A significant association was found between the dental appointment experience and the child’s anxiety (p = 0.050) using the VPT. A significant association between anxiety and the type of dental procedure (p = 0.017) as well as the child’s experience (p = 0.000) using the Frankl scale. Conclusion: There was no association between anxiety and socioeconomic variables. In the variables related to dental experiences, a significant association was found between the experience of the dental appointment and the anxiety of the child using the VPT scale. An association between anxiety and the type of procedure was observed, as well as dental appointment experience, using Frankl scale.

Objective: To develop an indigenous anxiety scale for adults and to assess the prevalence of anxiety among the adults. Methods: Descriptive explanatory research design was carried out from 1st January 2018 to 31st May 2019 at the Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat. The indigenous anxiety scale for adults was used for data collection. Scale consisted on three sub scales which are used to assess the cognitive symptoms, behavior and physiological symptoms through CFA value and alpha reliability. Sample of adequacy is .965, Confirmatory Factor Analysis value .914, alpha reliability .974 were taken as standard. In cognitive symptoms subscale's alpha was 0.958, Behavior subscale .943 and Physiological symptoms subscale alpha was α .912. Results: The prevalence of anxiety in 20-29 years individuals exhibited 17.5% (male 38.8%; female 62.2) symptoms of anxiety. 30-39 Years people showed 12.9% (male = 56.9%; female = 43.1%), 40-49 years individuals showed 16.5% of anxiety and in late adulthood 50-60 years old people showed highest level of anxiety 22.10% (male=68.3%; female=31.7). Conclusion: The anxiety scale for adults is a reliable indigenous scale for measuring anxiety in adults. Further, the prevalence rate of anxiety in adult population is alarming indication and middle and late adulthood suffered more anxiety as compare to early adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was the adaptation to Spanish of the ASC ASD-P (Anxiety Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, parental version), the only instrument specifically designed to assess anxiety in this population. A non-probabilistic, convenience sample (N = 87) was used, consisting of children and adolescents with ASD between 6 and 18 years. Direct and reverse translation was performed. The factorial structure of the scale and its correspondence with the dimensions of the original version were evaluated. The construct validity was calculated with the ERC, SSP and IUS scales. Internal consistency analysis was performed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a solution of 4 factors, replicative of the structure of the original scale. As convergent validity measures, statistically significant correlations were found between the different scales with a statistical significance of p < .01 in all of them. The internal consistency was .925 for the full scale. The data obtained show that the Spanish version of the ASC ASD scale replicates the factor structure of the original scale and constitutes a valid instrument for the evaluation of anxiety in population with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of present study is investigates psychometric properties of information seeking anxiety scale in university students. Sample in this study consists of 262 university student (137 female and 125 male). Respectively the subscale reliabilities were acceptable and were appropriate Barriers with information resources (α=0.85), barriers with computer and the Internet (α=0.79), barriers with library services (α=0.83), barriers with Searching for information (α=0.80), technical barriers, (α=0.82), and barriers with topic identification (α=0.87). Confirmatory Factor analysis according model was confirmed. results 6-factor Internal consistency coefficients were 0/74. Based on results can be said, 6-factor model (Barriers with information resources, barriers with computer and the Internet, barriers with library services, barriers with Searching for information, technical barriers, and barriers with topic identification) of information seeking anxiety scale is valid and reliable instrument for assessment the information seeking anxiety in university students.

Introduction: Behavior guidance is considered to be the backbone of pediatric dentistry which differentiates us from the other fields in dental sciences. Anxiety and fear being the primary concern in pediatric patients, has to be taken into consideration for the visually impaired children too. In the present study, an innovative anxiety scale RMS tactile scale (RMS-TS) was designed for the visually impaired children. Introducing newer concept other than Braille in the dental clinic for such patients can help in coping up and bringing out positive behavior in the special children. Aims and Objective: The study aimed to validate and assess the efficacy of RMS-TS for visually impaired child and compare it with modified dental anxiety scale (MDAS) and Braille scale. Materials and Methods: A total of hundred children of age 12–15 years from the special school were selected for the study. MDAS, RMS-TS, and Braille scale were used to determine the pretreatment anxiety scores in the visually impaired children. Results: The validity of the RMS-TS in the pretreatment anxiety in the assessment of child's dental anxiety is supported by its strong correlation with both the scales. Conclusions: The RMS-TS can be reliable anxiety assessment scale for measuring child's dental anxiety in visually impaired children. It can be used alone or in combination with other methods to improve assessment of dental anxiety.

Introduction: Limitations in dental access and challenges associated with service delivery often necessitates the usage of an appointment system in patient care. This research aimed to determine the association between levels of dental anxiety in dental patients and dental treatment appointment at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH). Materials and Methods: A descriptive study at a tertiary hospital in Lagos State. A systematic sampling method was used to enlist 149 study patients in four clinical dental departments in LASUTH, whereas sociodemographic, clinical history, and anxiety-related data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess inconvenience, whereas the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used for anxiety assessment. Data entry and analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20, P value of

Objective: Second-trimester anomaly scan was introduced as a regulated practice in Romania in 2019, causing misperceptions and unrealistic expectations about this examination among pregnant women. This study aimed to assess whether second trimester anomaly scan is a reason “per se” for maternal anxiety. Design: A prospective type 1 cohort study was conducted in a tertiary prenatal diagnosis center with three locations in Bucharest, Romania, among pregnant women who underwent a second trimester anomaly scan between 1 December 2019 and 29 February 2020. Main outcome measure: Anxiety at the time of prenatal anomaly scan. Results: Out of the 138 participants, 32.6% believed that the anomaly scan could detect all fetus defects, 13.8% considered that the baby is bothered by the probe “light”, 8.7% believed that the scan could harm the fetus, 96.4% reported that it was a pleasant experience, and 95% felt that it strengthened their bond with the fetus. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score revealed that women with high state anxiety were more anxious at pre-scan (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Ultrasound scan in the second trimester is correlated with a significant anxiety for women who are prone to this psychological trait. It is also a good opportunity to screen for highly anxious women who could benefit from prenatal psychological counseling to facilitate timely recognition and prevention of postpartum psychiatric disorders such as depression.

The aim of the study was to search for evidence of validity based on the relationship with external variables, and incrementally for the Child-Youth Anxiety Scale (CYAS). The convenience sample consists of 500 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years. The correlation between the scores of the CYAS factors and the scores of the instruments of the other constructs ADHD (MTA-SNAP-IV), anxiety (OQPS), rumination (QRR) and mood states (BRUMS) was initially performed, finding medium and strong correlations, which shows a satisfactory linear relation between the constructs to attest validity based on the relation with external variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was also performed with total MTA-SNAP-IV and its factors as criterion. In the modeling, it was possible to observe that, when introduced in the models, the CYAS becomes the latent variable with the greatest contribution, decreasing and canceling the OQPS contribution. These results affirm incremental validity for the CYAS.

Introduction: The risk of complications is higher in intensive care units (ICU) than in other units. As children with severe conditions are hospitalized, many drugs are used concomitantly, and invasive interventions are more frequently required. Therefore, pediatric ICUs are medical settings which cause traumatic stress to both children and their parents. Knowing the extent to which anxiety levels are affected in a parent whose child is hospitalized in the intensive care unit is important. This study investigated the anxiety levels of mothers with a child in the ICU and compared the levels of anxiety of mothers of children on mechanical ventilation (MV) with mothers of children not on MV. Methodology: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) forms were filled during faceto-face interviews with the mothers after their children’s admission to the ICU. The mothers details were recorded in case report forms. Basic demographic data were collected for the children involved. Results: In total, 128 patients were enrolled; 64 each on MV (patient group) and not on MV (control group) and their mothers. There was no significant difference in the mean ages of the patient and the control groups (73.9 ± 38.4 months vs. 75.7 ± 48.6 months; p = 0.815). The mean HAM-A scores of the patient group and the control group were found to be 23.7 ± 2.2 and 7.9 ± 1.8, respectively (p = 0.001). The age of the mothers was not correlated with the HAM-A score in either the patient or control group. No difference was found between the HAM-A scores in terms of educational level in the patient and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The anxiety levels of the mothers whose children were admitted to the intensive care unit were high and these levels further increased with the possibility of their children being connected to mechanical ventilators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to determine the relation between pain and anxiety of a patient when a posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve block is given. Objective: Anxiety is one of the most common feelings for a patient when visiting the dentist. Fear of injections can lead to anxiety and thus can induce pain. This study is done to conclude whether a patient anxiety level correlates to their level of pain that they feel while a PSA nerve block is given before a treatment. Patients who had to undergo maxillary molar extraction were selected and were given questionnaires both before and after the administration of local anesthetic. The questions assess the level of pain and anxiety a patient feels on a scale of 1-10, based on the article by van Wijk et al., 2012. The questions included preinjection anxiety, expected pain, experienced injection pain, and experienced anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fear of the dentist and dental surgical procedure is a common and potentially distressing problem. Thus, the use of oral anxiolysis is indicated for anxious patients. Aim: - to evaluate and compare efficacy of (oral) diazepam and buspirone in reducing anxiety and discomfort in mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and Method: A prospective, double blinded, comparative spilt mouth, cross-over study was conducted on 28 patients requiring surgical extraction of bilaterally impacted mandibular third molar. Patient were categorized into two groups : Group A were prescribed tablet diazepam 5mg and Group B were prescribed tablet buspirone 10mg respectively. After a wash out period of 3 weeks the groups were crossed over and the sequence of tablets was reversed. Anxiety levels were recorded on Gatchel's anxiety scale before surgery, 30 minutes after medication, intraoperative, post operatively. Comfort level was subjectively assessed. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference in the anxiety level in the diazepam group but there was a significant reduction in anxiety in the buspirone tablet group from pre-operative to postoperatively. The subjective comparison of comfort level showed that 78% participants were more comfortable using tablet buspirone, while, only 44% were comfortable with tablet diazepam. Conclusion: This study reveals that buspirone is comparatively more effective than diazepam to reduce anxiety. Also, the patients are more comfortable with buspirone postoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine / Spor Hekimleri Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine / Spor Hekimleri Dernegi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate variables that may contribute towards increasing or decreasing the level of library anxiety among Saudi and Omani students studying at the University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA. The study used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with several international students from Saudi Arabia and Oman to determine the main factors that lead to a high level of anxiety in the library. The Library Anxiety Scale, designed by Anwar et al., was used for conducting this study; t -test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for analyzing the data. The findings indicated that students who participated in library training courses score lower on the library anxiety scale than students who did not it. The study further revealed that the students listed the highest affective barriers and library knowledge barriers when looking at the mean score of each dimension of library anxiety. This type of exploration has never been done before and the main function of this study is to recognize the existence and impact of library anxiety among Saudi Arabian and Omani students who are studying at U.S. colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]