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This checklist documents the 2367 Lepidoptera species reported to occur in the province of Alberta, Canada, based on examination of the major public insect collections in Alberta and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes. Records from relevant literature sources published since 1950 and from selected older works are also included. The entry for each species includes the scientific name, the author and year of publication of the original description, occurrence status, provincial distribution (according to ecoclimatic region), and adult phenology. The most recent taxonomic references are given, and common names are listed for butterflies and conspicuous moth species. The sources of specimen- and literature-based records are provided for each species. An additional 138 species whose occurrence in Alberta is probable are appended to the list. For 1524 of the listed species and subspecies, annotations are given, with selected information on taxonomy, nomenclature, distribution, habitat, and biology. An additional section provides details on 171 species erroneously reported from Alberta in previous works. Introductory sections to the volume provide a general overview of the order Lepidoptera and review the natural regions of Alberta, the state of knowledge of their Lepidoptera faunas, and the history and current state of knowledge of Alberta Lepidoptera. Each of the 63 families (and selected subfamilies) occurring in Alberta is briefly reviewed, with information on distinguishing features, general appearance, and general biology. A bibliography and an index of genus-level, species-level, and subspecies-level names are provided. The list is accompanied by an appendix of proposed nomenclature changes, consisting of revised status for 25 taxa raised from synonymy to species level, and new synonymy for 20 species-level and one genus-level taxa here considered to be subjective synonyms, with resultant revised synonymy for one taxon and formalization of seven new combinations. Status is revised for the following taxa, which were previously treated as junior subjective synonyms or as subspecies and are herein raised to species status: Carterocephalus mandan (Edwards, 1863); Hesperia manitoba (Scudder, 1874); Colias elis Strecker, 1885; Nymphalis j-album (Boisduval & LeConte, [1835]); Euphydryas bernadetta Leussler, 1920; Speyeria leto (Behr, 1862); Boloria myrina (Cramer, 1777); Coenonympha inornata Edwards, 1861; Colostygia circumvallaria (Taylor, 1906); Xanthorhoe delectaria Cassino & Swett, 1922; Xanthorhoe lagganata Swett & Cassino, 1920; Scopula quinquelinearia (Packard, 1870); Spodolepis danbyi (Hulst, 1898); Hyalophora gloveri (Strecker, 1872); Smerinthus ophthalmica Boisduval, 1855; Furcula borealis (Guerin-Meneville, 1844); Furcula occidentalis (Lintner, 1878); Acronicta cyanescens Hampson, 1909; Oligia rampartensis Barnes & Benjamin, 1923; Anarta nigrolunata Packard, 1867; Anarta columbica (McDunnough, 1930); Anarta montanica (McDunnough, 1930); Leucania dia (Grote, 1879); Euxoa adumbrata thanatologia (Dyar, 1904); and Euxoa furtivus (Smith, 1890). The following new synonymies are proposed, with the valid name presented first: Xanthorhoe algidata (Moschler, 1874) (= Xanthorhoe dodata Cassino & Swett, 1920), Macaria signaria (Hubner, 1809) (= Melanolophia unipunctaria W. S. Wright, 1916; Semiothisa marmorata Ferguson, 1972; Macaria? submarmorata Walker, 1861), Speranza occiduaria (Packard, 1874) (= Diastictis andersoni Swett, 1916), Caenurgina crassiuscula (Haworth, 1809) (= Caenurgina distincta (Neumoegen, 1884)), Tarache augustipennis Grote, 1875 (= Conacontia flavicosta Smith, 1900), Acronicta dactylina Grote, 1874 (= Acronicta hesperida Smith, 1897), Acronicta grisea Walker, 1856 (= Acronicta tartarea Smith, 1903), Acronicta lupini Grote, 1873 (= Merolonche ursina Smith, 1898), Fishia yosemitae (Grote, 1873) (= Fishia enthea Grote, 1877; Fishia betsia Smith, 1905; Fishia instruta Smith, 1910), Sutyna privata (Walker, 1857) (= Anytus profundus Smith, 1900), Mniotype ducta (Grote, 1878) (= Xylophasia versuta Smith, 1895), Mniotype tenera (Smith, 1900) (= Xylophasia miniota Smith, 1908; Hadena ferida Smith, 1908), Anarta decepta (Grote, 1883) (= Trichoclea postica Smith, 1891), Protorthodes incincta (Morrison, 1874) (= Taeniocampa utahensis Smith, 1888; Orthodes akalus Strecker, 1898). The following revised synonomy is proposed, with the valid name presented first: Xanthorhoe lagganata Swett & Cassino, 1920 (= Xanthorhoe incursata var. harveyata Cassino & Swett, 1922). One new generic synonymy is proposed, with the valid name appearing first: Idia Hubner, 1813 (= Reabotis Smith, 1903), resulting in one new combination. Six species are transferred from Trichoclea Hubner to Sideridis Hubner, resulting in six new combinations.

Charadra cakulha Schmidt & Anweiler, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3FCD51C4-A812-49D5-B653-56922696F08B Figs 7, 25 Type material. Holotype ♁ – MEXICO: “MEX., San Cristobal / de Las Casas, Chi[apa]s. / June 17 1969 / A. Mutuura ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Charadra cakulha / Schmidt & Anweiler” [red label]. CNC. Paratypes – same data as holotype, (1♁). CNC. Etymology. A deity from Mayan mythology, Cakulha is the ruler of the lesser lightning bolts, and brother of Coyopa. It is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Externally recognizable by the very pale greyish-white outer third of the forewing and thorax, unique among the pata group. In addition to the wing markings, C. cakulha is distinguishable from the similar C. oligarchia by the lateral, symmetrical cornuti that are fused to the aedeagus (in C. oligarchia they are at the base of the vesica with one cornutus massive and one small). Figures 30–34. Female genitalia of Charadra species. 30 C. franclemonti paratype, Madera Cyn., Santa Rita Mtns., AZ 3Ι C. tapa paratype, Ramsey Cyn., Huachuca Mtns., AZ 32 C. moneta paratype, Walnut Cyn., Coconino Co., AZ 33 C. deridens, Morehead, KY 34 C. dispulsa, Sinton, TX. Description. Female unknown. Forewing length 19.7 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen – as in C. franclemonti, differing in the following characters: vestiture much paler grey, nearly white; thorax with margin of tegulae and patagia bordered with black scales. Forewing light grey, distal third powdery whitish grey; reniform spot not discernible, reniform area entirely whitish; orbicular broadly oval, whitish with brown diffuse central area; subterminal line poorly defined medially by irregular white line, black scales at costal and anal margin, expanded to a thick, prominent line at anal margin. Male genitalia (Fig. 25) – Valves simple, subquadrate apically with a strongly incurved, scoop-shaped dorsocaudal apex; costal process absent; clasper a simple scoop-shaped process about 1/6 length of dorsal valve margin, with broad surface directed dorso- cephalad; sacculus unmodified; uncus strongly constricted medially and apex bifid, with an overall Y-shaped appearance; tegumen expanded dorsally; saccus V-shaped; juxta triangular; subscaphium strongly sclerotized; aedeagus 3 × longer than wide, with a very wide, dorsally directed opening to vesica, opening about 1/3 total length of aedeagus; vesica directed at about 90 degrees to aedeagus; cornuti usually placed on base of vesica and fused laterally to aedeagus, so aedeagus armed distolaterally with two stout, laterally projecting spines, left one placed slightly more apically; one medial and one distal diverticulum of similar size, oriented dorsally. Distribution and biology. Known only from the two specimens of the type series, collected in mid-June at San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico.

Charadra patafex Dyar Fig. 2 Charadra patafex Dyar, 1916: 19. Type material. Type locality: ��� Guerrero Mill, Hidalgo, Mexico, 9000 feet ��� Holotype ���. USNM; examined. Diagnosis. The relatively uniform grayish-brown forewing pattern is similar to that of C. tapa and C. franclemonti, but the latter two species lack the bold, thick anal terminus of the subterminal line. The huge costal process of the male valve are unique in the yellow-winged Charadra species. Distribution and biology. Known only from the type locality of Guerrero Mill, State of Hidalgo, Mexico at 9000 feet elevation. Possibly associated with dry oak woodlands at higher elevations, as are C. tapa and C. franclemonti., Published as part of Schmidt, Christian & Anweiler, Gary, 2010, The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae), pp. 161-181 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 165-166, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.432, http://zenodo.org/record/576639, {"references":["Dyar HG (1916) Descriptions of new Lepidoptera from Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 51: 1 - 37."]}

Charadra moneta Schmidt & Anweiler, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3650C4F0- 1233-44 D0-977B-1FC79CC18A14 Figs 19���22, 28, 32 Type material. Holotype ��� ��� UNITED STATES: ��� Walnut Canyon 6500��� / 6-1/ 3 mi EESE Flagstaff / Coconino co., Arizona / 12 September 1965 / J. G. Franclemont ���; ��� HOLOTYPE / C haradra moneta / Schmidt & Anweiler��� [red label]. CUIC. Paratypes ��� (33 ���, 33 ♀) CNC, CUIC, USNM. Arizona: same data as holotype, 9���18 Sep 1965 (27 ���, 13 ♀); 15 May ��� 22 June 1966 (6 ���, 14 ♀); 17 Dec. 1965 (1 ♀); 30 Jan. 1966 (1 ♀); 20 Feb. 1966 (1 ♀); 17 Apr. 1966 (1 ♀); 29 Apr. 1966 (1 ♀). Arizona, Apache Co., 3 mi. S Alpine, 15 June 1966, R.F. Sternitzky (1 ♀). Etymology. During a discussion regarding the distinctness of this taxon compared to C. deridens, BCS bet GGA ten dollars that the DNA barcodes of C. moneta and C. deridens would be more than 1% divergent. Moneta is the Latin term for money. Diagnosis. Charadra moneta is most likely to be confused with C. deridens, from which it differs externally in the overall warm brown tones of the fore- and hindwing (the forewing having more the appearance of the pata group), compared to the grey, black and white colour of C. deridens. Th e orbicular spot in moneta has a brownish, diffuse pupil, whereas that of C. deridens almost invariably has a well-defined central black pupil. Internally, the subdorsal cornuti of the male vesica lacks subapical spines (two or three spines in C. deridens), and the vesica differs in shape. Th e base of the vesica is smaller, with the diameter 1.3 �� that of the aedeagus apex, compared to nearly 2 �� the diameter in C. deridens. Th e basal diverticulum of the vesica has a constricted base in C. moneta, but is very broad-based in C. deridens. The barcode fragment of the COI gene is about 2.5% divergent between C. moneta (New Mexico) and C. deridens (Colorado and various eastern North American localities). Description. Sexes externally alike, except females slightly larger than males. FW length averaging 18 mm in males, 19 mm in females. Head ��� palps short, covered in stiff grey, black and white hair-like scales; proboscis well developed; eyes large, globular; frons with short grey and black hair; male antenna broadly bipectinate, with longest rami about seven times as long as width of shaft; female antennae biserrate. Thorax ��� clothed in long light grey, black and brown scales; forewing dark brown, sometimes with a poorly defined slightly darker medial area; antemedial and postmedial black lines well defined to nearly obsolete, often joined medially by a dark lateral streak; area around reniform spot and below orbicular spot with pale-grey or whitish-gray scales; reniform whitish, indistinct, with a diffuse pale-brown infill; orbicular round to slightly oblong, pale grey with diffuse brown infill; subterminal line poorly defined with dark scales, except more prominently lined with black where it meets lower margin and where it bends basad before meeting upper margin; terminal line narrow, black, broken at veins; fringe dark grey and black, faintly checked with lighter grey at veins; hindwing pale fuscous, almost white in basal half with a slightly darker marginal area in distal third; veins darkly scaled along outer half of wing; fringe grey on inner half, white on outer and lightly checkered with black between veins. Abdomen ��� clothed in lead grey hair-like scales mixed with numerous white scales at terminus, with a series of three small dark-grey tufts midway along dorsal centerline; legs grey, banded with black at joints. Male genitalia (Fig. 28) ��� Valve simple and relatively short, lobate; apical and dorsal margin slightly convex; costal process long and sickle shaped, extending to valve apex, with fine, apically directed spinules; clasper club shaped with a caudoventrally directed, pyriform apex, extending to valve apex; sacculus unmodified; uncus slightly constricted medially, apex bluntly rounded with a slight medial notch; tegumen narrow and band-like dorsally; saccus broadly U-shaped; juxta Y-shaped with a triangular base; aedeagus 4 �� longer than wide, with a very wide, dorso-caudally directed opening to vesica, opening about 1/3 total length of aedeagus; bulbous base of vesica orientedt about 90 degrees to aedeagus; base of vesica with two large cornuti on right side, a subdorsal thorn-like cornutus directed basad, terminating in two or three irregular points; second cornutus situated laterad, consisting of a low, multi-spined crest; one medial and one distal diverticulum, both bulbous, distal one slightly smaller, oriented dorsad. Female genitalia (Fig. 32) ��� Papillae anales blunt, unmodified; antevaginal plate with broad U-shaped medial notch, proximal margin with a pair of shallow, lightly sclerotized pockets; laterally with ventrally curved, flange-like pockets; ductus short, lightly sclerotized;; corpus bursae pyriform with a broad triangular diverticulum dorsally near junction of ductus bursae; ductus seminalis exiting caudo-ventrally. Distribution and biology. Recorded from central and eastern Arizona (Coconino and Apache Cos.), the San Mateo Mountains of New Mexico, the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico and Texas, and the Big Bend region of Texas; south to the Sierra Madre in Nuevo Leon, northern Mexico. Collection dates range from March to June (Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico) and September (Mexico), possibly indicating two or more broods. Much of the type series was reared on Quercus gambelii. Remarks. Specimens from New Mexico and Texas have a more smoothly-marked forewing and a less contrasting hindwing marginal band than those from Arizona, but are indistinguishable internally; the type series is therefore restricted to Arizona specimens. Three barcoded specimens from NM exhibited a single haplotype, at least 2.5% divergent from the sampled C. deridens haplotypes., Published as part of Schmidt, Christian & Anweiler, Gary, 2010, The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae), pp. 161-181 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 177-179, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.432, http://zenodo.org/record/576639

Charadra pata (Druce) Fig. 1 Trisulodes pata Druce, 1894: 362. Charadra patens J. B. Smith, 1908; misspelling. ��� Charadra basiflava J. B. Smith, 1908; unavailable name. Type material. Charadra pata ��� Guatemala, Guatemala City. Holotype female. BMNH; examined. Charadra basiflava ��� this taxon was listed as a synonym of pata by Franclemont & Todd (1983). Todd (1982) questioned the validity of Smith���s description, which consists of: ��� Trisuloides patens [sic] Druce, is a Charadra which I had named basiflava before Dr. Barnes called my attention to the figure in the Biologia (II, 509, p. 96). It has been taken at Palmerlee, Cochise Co., Arizona, and is no doubt a member of our fauna.��� (Smith 1908). Th e question is then what Smith meant when he said ���had named.��� Since there is no earlier published mention of basiflava, we take this statement to mean that Smith had determined and labeled a specimen as a new species and intended to describe it as basiflava. Todd (1982) also concluded this was the most likely meaning of Smith���s statement, and designated as lectotype a specimen labeled ��� Charadra basiflava Smith Type���. However, Smith���s (1908) statement does not qualify as a valid description under the provision of Article 12 of the ICZN (1999), and basiflava is therefore an unavailable name (a conclusion apparently also reached by Poole 1989, as the taxon is not included in his publication). Th e lectotype designated by Todd (1982) is therefore not a true ���type.��� Even if Smith���s description is deemed to be valid, the type specimen is the illustration of C. pata in Druce (1894), not the specimen designated as lectotype by Todd (1982). Diagnosis. The wing markings of the female holotype, the only known specimen of this species, are most similar to those of C. oligarchia (only known from two males) and C. patafex. Compared to C. oligarchia, C. pata has a darker grey-brown forewing subterminal area with a contrasting white reniform area, but lacks any outline of a reniform (reniform outlined in oligarchia); the orbicular spot is slightly larger and more oblong in C. oligarchia. Compared to C. patafex, the forewing medial area of C. pata is contrastingly darker (concolorous with basal area in C. patafex) and the reniform area is white (brownish grey in C. patafex); also the hindwing marginal band is darker and narrower in C. pata than in C. patafex. Distribution and biology. Known only from the type locality, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Nothing is known of the biology, although the larvae possibly feed on oak, as do those of C. tapa and C. franclemonti. Remarks. After studying the type specimen of C. pata, we have come to the conclusion that this is not the same species as the Arizona taxon that has gone under this name, and belongs to a southern Mexican / Central American group of species consisting of C. pata, C. oligarchia, C. cakulha sp. n. and coyopa sp. n., here termed the oligarchia subgroup. Th e holotype female of C. pata (Fig. 1) differs from the tapa subgroup (C. franclemonti sp. n. and C. tapa sp. n.) in several key characters, namely the white, almost completely unmarked reniform area (grey and well marked with the usual markings in the tapa subgroup), a prominent and thick, well-defined black terminus of the subterminal line near the anal angle characteristic of the oligarchia subgroup (thinner, diffuse and poorly defined in tapa subgroup), browner tone of the forewing ground colour (grey in tapa subgroup). The genitalic structure of the type female of C. pata differs from that of both C. franclemonti and C. tapa in that the antevaginal plate has short lobes, like C. tapa (long and prong-like in C. franclemonti), but with a more flared-out basal region than in either C. tapa or C. franclemonti, and the sclerotized lateral margins of the ductus bursae are nearly symmetrical, lacking the pronounced ventral twist of the right lateral margin of C. tapa (also nearly symmetrical in C. franclemonti). Based on the brownish ground colour, prominent black mark of the anal angle and whitish reniform area, we place C. pata in the oligarchia subgroup. Th e lack of associated specimens of corresponding sexes is problematic, as it leaves the possibility that C. pata is the same species as C. oligarchia , C. patafex , C. cakulha or C. coyopa; a correlation in the structure of the male and female genitalia in this group is of some help, since asymmetrical placement or size of the male vesica cornuti corresponds to asymmetry in the shape and sclerotization of the ductus bursa (where the cornuti are presumably positioned during copulation: for example, in C. tapa , males have both cornuti positioned on the right, while females have a more heavily sclerotized, twisted right lateral margin of the ductus bursae). Th e nearly symmetrical ductus bursae of C. pata suggests a similar symmetrical placement and size of male cornuti, which would rule out C. oligarchia and C. patafex, (Figs 2, 3), a conclusion that also is supported by differences in wing markings. C. cakulha has both symmetrical placement and size of cornuti (Fig. 24), but differs markedly in wing markings (Fig. 7), as does C. coyopa (Fig. 10)., Published as part of Schmidt, Christian & Anweiler, Gary, 2010, The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae), pp. 161-181 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 164-165, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.432, http://zenodo.org/record/576639, {"references":["Druce H (1894) Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6 13: 352 - 363.","Smith JB (1908) New species of Noctuidae for 1908. I. With notes on Charadra, Raphia and Pseudanarta. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 16: 79 - 98.","Franclemont JG, Todd EL (1983) Noctuidae. In: Hodges RW, Dominick T, Davis DR, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Munroe EG, and Powell JA (1983). Check List of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London, 120 - 159.","Todd EL (1982) Th e noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1645, 228 pp.","Poole RW (1989) Lepidopterorum Catalogus (new series). Fascicle 118. Noctuidae. Part 1. Abablemma to Heraclia (part): 1 - 500."]}

Charadra Walker Charadra Walker, 1865: 445. Type species: Charadra contigua Walker, 1865, a junior subjective synonym of Charadra deridens (Guene��). The generic placement of Charadra in relation to other pantheine genera, especially Pseudopanthea and Colocasia, is in need of review, and more than one genus for the species currently placed in Charadra may need to be recognized. Th e morphology of the genus is quite heterogeneous, but important shared genital characters include the following: apex of uncus with slight to very pronounced medial notch; clasper parallel to ventral valve margin (perpendicular in Panthea H��bner) but absent in C. nitens; dorsal tegumen lacking process (lobed in Panthea, prong-like or flange-like in Colocasia); basal costal process absent or highly developed; vesica with two strongly sclerotized cornuti (absent in C. nitens); female ductus bursae sclerotized laterally; corpus bursae lacking signa. Some of the character states treated as autapomorphic for Panthea by Fibiger et al. (2009) are also present in Charadra, including a dorsally membranous aedeagus and the presence of cornuti on the vesica., Published as part of Schmidt, Christian & Anweiler, Gary, 2010, The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae), pp. 161-181 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on page 163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.432, http://zenodo.org/record/576639, {"references":["Walker F (1865) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Volume 32. Edward Newman, London, 324 - 706.","Fibiger M, Ronkay L, Steiner A, Zilli A (2009) Noctuidae Europaeae. Vol. 11, Pantheinae, Dilobinae, Acronictinae, Eustrotiinae, Nolinae, Bagisarinae, Acontiinae, Metoponiinae, Heliothinae, and Bryophilinae. Entomological Press, SorO, 504 pp."]}

Charadra dispulsa Morrison Figs 16, 29, 34 Charadra dispulsa Morrison, 1875: 214. Type material. Type locality: [USA:] ��� Waco, Texas.��� Holotype female. MCZ; photograph examined, available at http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/ MCZ /. Diagnosis. A relatively small, pale silvery-grey species with few forewing markings that are largely confined to a narrow, black antemedial line and a prominent partial medial band from the costa to mid wing. Th e small size, pale colour, reduced markings, lack of central orbicular black scales, and black medial dash connecting the AM and PM lines allow this species to easily be distinguished. Distribution and biology. Occurs from Texas southward and westward to at least San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Collection records range from March through May and July for southern Texas. Nothing is known of the larval stages or food plants, but larvae are possibly oak feeders. Remarks. Barcode sequence for one specimen of C. dispulsa was available, which differed about 3.5% from C. deridens, 4% from C. moneta, and 6% from C. franclemonti., Published as part of Schmidt, Christian & Anweiler, Gary, 2010, The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae), pp. 161-181 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on page 179, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.432, http://zenodo.org/record/576639, {"references":["Morrison HK (1875) List of a collection of Texas Noctuidae, with descriptions of the new species. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 17: 209 - 221."]}

Charadra oligarchia Dyar Figs 3, 13 Charadra oligarchia Dyar, 1916: 19. Type material. Type locality: ��� Guerrero Mill, Hidalgo, Mexico, 9000 feet ��� Holotype ���. USNM; examined. Diagnosis. Superficially similar to C. cakulha and C. pata. Th e contrastingly pale outer third of the forewing is similar only to C. cakulha, but C. oligarchia is darker overall; internally, the male vesica has the two cornuti placed at the base of the vesica, one massive, one small, whereas C. cakulha has two lateral, symmetrical cornuti that are fused to the aedeagus. See also ���Diagnosis��� of C. pata. Distribution and biology. Known only from Guerrero Mill, Mexico. Possibly associated with dry oak woodlands at higher elevations, as in C. tapa and C. franclemonti. Remarks. As discussed in the diagnosis of C. pata, C. oligarchia and C. pata may be the same species, but lack of specimens of each taxon of the corresponding sex prevents further comparison; however, the pata holotype differs slightly in wing markings, and the type localities of the two species are in different mountain ranges separated by several hundred kilometers, so we treat both as distinct taxa until more study material becomes available. Charadra franclemonti Anweiler & Schmidt, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 96EEB202-1A0F-4474-BFB3-6DA50BDF0BAE Figs 5, 6, 23, 30 Type material. Holotype ��� ��� UNITED STATES. ��� USA: Cochise Co. [County] Chirica / hua Mtns [Mountains]. Pinery Cyn [Canyon] cmpgd [campground] / 31.93N 109.27W 6500��� / 5-VIII-08 pine/oak/riparian / MV lt. C. Schmidt & B.Walsh. ���; ��� HOLOTYPE / C haradra franclemonti / Anweiler & Schmidt��� [red label]. Deposited in CNC. Paratypes ��� 22 ���, 5 ♀ [CNC, CUIC, USNM, UASM]. United States: Arizona: same data as holotype (18 ���, 3 ♀); Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mtns, East Turkey Creek 6400���, 7 Aug. 1967, J. G. Franclemont (1 ♀); Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mtns., Cave Creek Canyon, 5400���, 21 Sept. 1966, J. G. Franclemont, reared ex ova, on Quercus gambelii (1 ���); Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mtns, Onion Saddle 7600���, 17 July 1966, J.G. Franclemont (1 ���); Santa Cruz County, Santa Rita Mtns, Madera Canyon 5800 ���; Sierra Vista, 9 Sept.1967, R. F. Sternitzky (1 ���), 13 Jul 1960, J. G. Franclemont (1 ♀); Coconino Co., 6 1/ 3 mi. ESE Flagstaff, Walnut Canyon., 6500���, 24 July 1965, J. G. Franclemont (1 ���). Etymology. We name this species after the late John G. Franclemont who collected and reared this species and recognized that there were two distinct species in southern Arizona. Diagnosis. Superficially very similar to Charadra tapa, but can be separated by the forewing pattern and in particular by genital characters in both sexes. The outer half of the forewing in both sexes is darker and more patterned, with the outer forewing more even and paler grey in C. franclemonti than in C. tapa. Females can be separated without dissection by brushing the underside of the terminus of the abdomen and examining the sterigma and in particular the lamella antevaginalis, which extends caudally in two long prongs in C. franclemonti (often visible with the naked eye); in C. tapa these prongs are reduced to two blunt lobes. In males, the vesica of C. franclemonti, when inflated, expands into a pouch as it exits the aedeagus, and the two cornuti are on opposite sides of the vesica; in C. tapa the vesica is not significantly expanded where it exits the aedeagus and the two cornuti are together on one side. Th e valves of C. franclemonti are more truncated and squared off than those of C. tapa, which are slightly more produced and tapered. Although there is some overlap in flight periods, C. franclemonti primarily flies in July and August, whereas C. tapa flies in September and October. Description. Sexes externally alike, except females slightly larger than males. FW length averaging 18 mm in males, 19 mm in females. Head ��� palps short, covered in stiff grey, black and white hair-like scales; proboscis well developed; eyes large, globular; frons with short grey and black hair; antennae broadly bipectinate, with longest rami about 7 times as long as width of shaft. Thorax ��� clothed in long dark-grey, black, and white scales; tegulae mostly white anteriorly, black and grey banded on posterior; Forewing dark grey with a brown-black medial band. Basal area a mix of black and white scales, appearing light grey, with white scales bleeding into medial area below orbicular producing a small pale streak. Antemedial line narrow, black, erratic and dragged outward below orbicular to meet or almost meet postmedial line midway. Orbicular spot prominent, oval, filled with dark blackish-brown scales and narrowly outlined in black. Medial band broad, brownish black, narrower on upper side and extending to upper margin above orbicular, but extending almost to wing base on lower half. Postmedial line black, narrow, erratic, pulled inward to meet or almost meet antemedial line midway. Postmedial line erratic, poorly defined, bordered outwardly with white scales that expand into a diffuse whitish-grey reniform spot. Subterminal line poorly defined by dark scales, except more prominently lined with black at lower margin of wing and where it bends basad before meeting upper margin of wing. A diffuse patch of white scales at anal angle. Terminal line narrow, black, broken at veins. Fringe dark grey and black, faintly checked with lighter grey at veins. Veins beyond medial area narrowly lined with black. Hindwing pale yellow with an orange tint on basal half, sharply divided from grey black outer half. Fringe grey on inner half, white on outer half and lightly checkered with black between veins. Abdomen ��� clothed in lead grey hair-like scales mixed with numerous white scales at terminus, with a series Figures �����4. Adults and genitalia of Charadra type specimens. �� C. pata, holotype, Guatemala City, Guatemala 2 C. patafex, holotype, Guerrero Mill, Hidalgo, Mexico 3 C. oligarchia, holotype, Guerrero Mill, Hidalgo, Mexico 4 C. ingenua, lectotype, Durango, Colorado. of 3���4 small dark-grey tufts midway along dorsal centerline. Legs grey, banded with black at the joints. Male genitalia (Fig. 23) ��� Valves simple, subquadrate apically with a slightly pointed dorsal apex; costal process absent; clasper a simple scoop-shaped process about 1/10 length of dorsal valve margin, with broad surface directed dorso-cephalad; sacculus unmodified; uncus with a wide base and narrowest medially, apex broadly Figures 5���22. Adult habitus of Charadra species. 5 C. franclemonti, ��� holotype, Pinery Cyn., Chiricahua Mtns., AZ 6 C. franclemonti, ♀ paratype, Pinery Cyn., Chiricahua Mtns., AZ 7 C. cakulha, ��� holotype, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico 8 C. tapa, ��� paratype, Madera Cyn., Santa Rita Mtns., AZ 9 C. tapa, ♀ paratype, Madera Cyn., Santa Rita Mtns., AZ ��0 C. coyopa, ��� holotype, Distrito Federal, Mexico ���� C. deridens, ���, Edmunston, NB ��2 C. deridens, ���, Garfield Co., CO ��3 C. oligarchia, ���, Guerrero, Mexico ��4 C. deridens, ♀, Morehead, KY ��5 C. deridens, ♀, Edmunston, NB ��6 C. dispulsa, ���, Georgetown, TX ��7 C. deridens, ♀, Mt. Pocono, PA ��8 C. deridens, ���, Morehead, KY ��9 C. moneta, ��� holotype, Walnut Cyn., Coconino Co., AZ 20 C. moneta, ♀ paratype, Walnut Cyn., Coconino Co., AZ 2�� C. moneta, ���, Big Bend National Park, Brewster Co., TX 22 C. moneta, ♀, Big Bend National Park, Brewster Co., TX. Figures 23���25. Male genitalia of Charadra species. 23 C. franclemonti paratype, Pinery Cyn., Chiricahua Mtns., AZ 24 C. tapa paratype, Ash Cyn., Huachuca Mtns., AZ 25 C. cakulha holotype, San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico. Th e North American species of Charadra Walker , with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) ... 171 26 27 28 29 I mm Figures 26���29. Male genitalia of Charadra species. 26 C. coyopa holotype, Distrito Federal, Mexico 27 C. deridens, Morehead, KY 28 C. moneta paratype, Walnut Cyn., Coconino Co., AZ 29 C. dispulsa, Sinton, TX. squared with a medial notch giving a slightly bifid appearance; tegumen greatly expanded dorsally; saccus quadrate with broad U-shaped medial dorsal notch; aedeagus 5x longer than diameter, with a very wide, dorsally directed opening to vesica, opening about 1/3 total length of aedeagus; bulbous base of vesica directed at about 90 degrees to aedeagus; vesica base with two large, equal-sized, thorn-like cornuti positioned opposite each other, one ventral and one dorsal; one medial and one distal diverticulum of similar size, oriented dorsally. Female genitalia (Fig. 30) ��� Papillae anales blunt with very slight medial tip; antevaginal plate (caudal extension of sternum VII) prominent, slightly longer than length of sternum VIII and with two prongs extending beyond caudal margin of sternum VIII; ductus bursae heavily sclerotized and short, slightly wider than long, flattened dorso-ventrally and asymmetrical due to a ventral twist of right lateral margin; corpus bursae asymmetrically heart-shaped, membranous, finely spiculate under high magnification; ductus seminalis exiting caudally on left chamber of corpus bursae. Distribution and biology. Charadra franclemonti ranges from central Arizona (Coconino Co.) southward to at least Durango, Mexico. The flight period is from mid-July into August. Captive larvae were reared on Quercus gambelii Nuttal. Remarks. One slightly larger, darker male specimen from El Salto, Durango, Mexico is provisionally treated as this species since it is indistinguishable in genital structure, but is excluded from the type series. Although this species and C. tapa have both been treated and identified as C. pata, neither C. tapa nor C. franclemonti is closely related to C. pata; see ���Remarks��� under C. tapa, below. Five specimens from the type locality exhibited a single barcode haplotype that was more than 5% divergent from those of C. deridens, C. moneta, and C. dispulsa; no barcodes for any other pata group species were available for comparison., Published as part of Schmidt, Christian & Anweiler, Gary, 2010, The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae), pp. 161-181 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 166-172, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.432, http://zenodo.org/record/576639, {"references":["Dyar HG (1916) Descriptions of new Lepidoptera from Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 51: 1 - 37."]}

Charadra tapa Schmidt & Anweiler, sp. n. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 00370BBD-8B85-4AA1-A8AB-9AF7D6CB7FE2 Figs 8, 9, 24, 31 Type material. Holotype ��� ��� UNITED STATES. ���AZ; Cochise Co. / Huachuca Mts, 5354 Ash / Cyn [Canyon] Rd. 0.5miW [0.5 miles west of] Hwy [Highway] 92 / 15.IX.1992 5100��� / N. McFarland UV light���; ��� HOLOTYPE / C haradra tapa / Schmidt & Anweiler��� [red label]. Deposited in CNC. Paratypes ��� 21 ���, 9 ♀ [CNC, CUIC, USNM, UASM]. Same data as holotype (all reared ex ova on Quercus gambelii), 5 Oct 1959 (1 ���); 15 Aug 1965 (1 ���); 27 Aug. 1965 (1 ♀); United States: Arizona: Cochise Co., Huachuca Mountains, Ramsey Canyon., R. F. Sternitzky, 2 Oct. 1967 (3 ���, 1 ♀), 13 Sept. 1967 (1 ���), 25 Sep 1967 (1 ���), 29 Oct. 1967 (3 ���, 1♀), 24 Sept. 1967 (1 ♀); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mountains, Carr Canyon., R. F. Sternitzky, 28 Sep 1967, (1♀), 24 Sep 1967 (3 ���), 28 Sep 1967 (2 ���); Cochise Co., Sierra Vista, F. Sternitzky, 8 Sept. 1967, (1 ���), 25 Sept. 1967 (1 ���), 18 Sep 1966 (1 ♀); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mtns, Garden Cyn., F. Sternitzky, 9 Oct. 1967, (1 ���); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mtns, 5354 Ash Canyon. Rd. 0.5 mi W Hwy. 92, 15 Sept. 1992, 5100���, N. McFarland, (1 ���), 22 Sep 1992 (1 ♀), 24 Sep 1992 (1 ���), 21 Sep 1992 (1 ���); Cochise Co., Chiracahua Mtns, Southwestern Research Station, 21 May 1960, C.W. Kirkwood (1 ♀); Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mtns, Madera Canyon, 4880���, 1 Oct. 1959, (1 ♀), 14 Aug 1965 (1 ���), J.G. Franclemont. Etymology. The name tapa is an anagram of pata. Diagnosis. Most similar to C. franclemonti; see diagnosis under that species. Description. Sexes externally alike, except females slightly larger than males. FW length averages 18 mm in males, 19 mm in females. Head, thorax, abdomen ��� as for C. franclemonti, with following differences in wing markings: Forewings slightly paler grey overall, particularly distal third; medial dark area slightly paler; hindwing with slightly paler yellowish base, dark marginal band on average slightly wider than in C. franclemonti. Male genitalia (Fig. 24) ��� structurally very similar to that of C. franclemonti, with following differences: valve tip slightly more triangular (more squared in C. franclemonti); base of vesica with two large, thorn-like cornuti positioned adjacent to each other on left-sublateral area. Female genitalia (Fig. 31) ��� as in C. franclemonti, with following differences: antevaginal plate with broad Ushaped medial notch and two short, broadly-rounded triangular lobes, not extending beyond margin of sternum; ductus bursae with a more pronounced ventral twist of right lateral margin. Distribution and biology. The known distribution of C. tapa is limited to the Chiricahua, Huachuca, and Santa Rita Mountains of southeastern Arizona, although the species probably occurs in adjacent parts of Mexico. Th e main flight period is from September to October; a single specimen from early May indicates there may be spring flight. Larvae have been reared on Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelii). Remarks. Although previously treated as such, neither C. tapa nor C. franclemonti is referable to C. pata, as pointed out in the ���remarks��� section of C. pata., Published as part of Schmidt, Christian & Anweiler, Gary, 2010, The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae), pp. 161-181 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 172-173, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.432, http://zenodo.org/record/576639

Charadra deridens (Guen��e) Figs 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 27, 33 Phalaena Bombyx corylina Martyn, 1797: pl. 26 fig. 70; syn. n., nomen oblitum. Diphthera deridens Guen��e, 1852 in Boisduval & Guen��e 1852: 35 pl. 3, fig. 8. Acronycta circulifera Walker, 1857: 709. Charadra contigua Walker, 1865: 446. Charadra ingenua J. B. Smith, 1906: 10; syn. n. Charadra sudena J. B. Smith, 1908: 80. ��� Charadra deridens ab. nigrosuffusa Strand, [1917]: 46; unavailable Charadra deridens form fumosa Draudt, in Seitz 1924: 19. Type material. Phalaena Bombyx corylina ��� Type locality: [USA:] Georgia. Unstated number of types [unknown]. Note ��� this name was transferred to the genus Charadra by Poole (1989) and therein stated to probably be conspecific with C. deridens. Bombyx corylina has otherwise not appeared in the published literature in the past 200 years, nor since Poole���s (1989) mention. To preserve the name Charadra deridens for a well-known North American species, which has appeared in many publications since its description, we treat Bombyx corylina Martyn as a nomen oblitum and Diphtera deridens Guen��e as a nomen protectum under the provisions of Article 23.9.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999). Th e suppression of the name corylina requires that 1) it has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (the usage of the name in Poole (1989) must not be taken into account under the provisions of Article 23.9.6), and 2) the junior synonym (deridens) has been used as the presumed valid name, in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years. A search of the Zoological Record indicates that both provisions are met. Diphthera deridens ��� Type locality: North America. Acronycta circulifera ��� [USA:] East Florida. Female holotype. BMNH; photograph examined. Charadra contigua ��� [USA:] Georgia. Male holotype. BMNH; photograph examined. Charadra ingenua ��� Type locality: [USA:] Durango, Colorado. Male lectotype (Fig. 4) designated by Todd (1982). AMNH; examined. Note ��� Charadra ingenua has been a ���ghost species,��� rarely mentioned in the literature and with few specimens in collections. The lectotype is a specimen typical of eastern Colorado C. deridens populations, which are slightly smaller and have less contrastingly marked forewings and paler hindwings than eastern North American C. deridens. Examination of specimens from western Colorado matching the type of C. ingenua are not distinguishable in genital characters from C. deridens, so we place C. ingenua syn. n. in synonymy with C. deri- dens. Specimens from the Guadalupe Mountains of west Texas reported as C. ingenua by Blanchard and Franclemont (1981) are C. moneta sp. n. (see below). Charadra sudena ��� Type locality: [USA:] Florida, Miami. Male lectotype designated by Todd (1982). AMNH; photograph examined. Charadra deridens ab. nigrosuffusa ��� an unavailable infrasubspecific name. Charadra deridens form fumosa ��� Type locality: None given [unknown]. Diagnosis. C. deridens can be identified by it being the only Charadra species throughout its range, and is characterized by the typically monochromatic colouring of the forewing (lacking brown shades), and the black scaling in the orbicular spot (diffuse and brownish in C. moneta). Charadra deridens may prove to be sympatric with C. moneta in New Mexico and western Texas, but the two can be distinguished by the more contrasting ���pupil��� of the orbicular spot in deridens, and the white-grey rather than brownish forewing colour of moneta, as well as by the genital differences presented in the diagnosis of C. moneta. Distribution and biology. Widely distributed, from Nova Scotia to British Columbia (not yet recorded from Alberta), south to Florida, Texas (Knudson and Bordelon 2004) and northeastern New Mexico (Raton, Colfax Co.). The larva, illustrated by Wagner (2005), feeds primarily on beech, oak, and white birch. Remarks. Although quite consistent in appearance within a given geographic region, there is a moderate amount of variation in phenotypes across its range, and a melanic form (Fig. 16) occurs in the northeastern part of its range (Klots 1968). The palest specimens are from Atlantic Canada (Fig. 11, 15), particularly Nova Scotia. Kentucky specimens are on average smaller with a slight brown cast and reduced white scaling (Figs 14, 18), whereas Colorado specimens are paler overall with less contrasting forewing markings (ingenua, Fig. 12). Four specimens of C. deridens from Ontario and Kansas expressed three haplotypes, differing by less than 1%, and at least 2.5% divergent from three C. moneta samples., Published as part of Schmidt, Christian & Anweiler, Gary, 2010, The North American species of Charadra Walker, with a revision of the Charadra pata (Druce) group (Noctuidae, Pantheinae), pp. 161-181 in ZooKeys 39 (39) on pages 176-177, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.39.432, http://zenodo.org/record/576639, {"references":["Martyn T (1797) Psyche. Figures of nondescript lepidopterous insects of rare moths and butterflies from different parts of the world. Vincent, London, 6 pp., 32 plates.","Boisduval JBAD de, Guenee A (1852) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Species General des Lepidopteres. Tome Cinquieme. Noctuelites. Tome 1. Roret, Paris, 407 pp.","Walker F (1857) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Volume 11. Edward Newman, London, 493 - 764.","Walker F (1865) List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Volume 32. Edward Newman, London, 324 - 706.","Smith JB (1906) New Noctuidae for 1906. - no. 1. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 14: 9 - 30.","Smith JB (1908) New species of Noctuidae for 1908. I. With notes on Charadra, Raphia and Pseudanarta. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 16: 79 - 98.","Poole RW (1989) Lepidopterorum Catalogus (new series). Fascicle 118. Noctuidae. Part 1. Abablemma to Heraclia (part): 1 - 500.","International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1999) International Code for Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. Th e International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, UK [online]. Available at: http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp [accessed January 2010].","Todd EL (1982) Th e noctuid type material of John B. Smith (Lepidoptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1645, 228 pp.","Blanchard A, Franclemont JG (1981) Charadra ingenua Smith in west Texas (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Pantheinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 83: 797 - 798","Knudson E, Bordelon C (2004) Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Texas. Texas Lepidoptera Survey, Publ. 6, 1999. 2004 Edition.","Wagner DL (2005) Caterpillars of eastern North America: a guide to identification and natural history. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 512 pp.","Klots AB (1968) Melanism in Connecticut Charadra deridens (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 76: 58 - 59."]}

Scythridinae 183 * R Scythris eboracensis (Zeller, 1855) T: Landry (1991) L: Landry (1991) C: CNC 183.1 * P H Scythris inspersella (H��bner, 1817) T: Landry (1991) L Jun ��� b g M Jul ��� E Aug ��� B g 184 * R H Scythris noricella (Zeller, 1843) Jul ��� Sep ��� B g T: Landry (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Landry (1991) C: CNC 185 R Scythris immaculatella (Chambers, 1875) Jul M b ��� T: Landry (1991) L: Landry (1991) C: CNC 186 R Scythris mixaula Meyrick, 1916 L Aug ��� Sep ��� ��� G T: Landry (1991) L: Pohl et al. (2005) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 187 * R Landryia impositella (Zeller, 1855) Jun ��� Aug m b g T: Landry (1991) L: Landry (1991) C: CNC 188 * R Landryia scintillifera (Braun, 1927) M Jul ��� M Aug ��� ��� G T: Landry (1991) L: Landry (1991) C: CNC, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Landry J-F (1991) Systematics of Nearctic Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): phylogeny and classification of supraspecific taxa, with a review of described species. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 160: 1 - 341.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Pohl GR, Bird CD, Landry J-F, Anweiler GG (2005) New records of microlepidoptera in Alberta, Canada. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 59: 61 - 82."]}

Tholerini 2052 R Tholera americana (Smith, 1894) L Aug ��� E Sep m ��� G L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 2053 R Nephelodes minians Guen��e, 1852 E Aug ��� E Sep m b G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 287, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433.","Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356."]}

Epirranthini 1497 * R Spodolepis substriataria Hulst, 1896 L Apr – M May – B – T: McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), McGuffi n (1981) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1498 * R Spodolepis danbyi (Hulst, 1898) L Apr – M May m – – T: McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1963), McGuffin (1981) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM

Pennisetiini 367 R Pennisetia marginatum (Harris, 1839) Jul ��� Aug M B g Raspberry Crown Borer T: Eichlin and Duckworth (1988) L: Bowman (1951) C: NFRC, OLDS, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 91, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Eichlin TD, Duckworth WD (1988) Sesioidea: Sessiidae. Fasc. 5.1. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 176 pp.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165."]}

15. Bucculatricidae ��� ribbed-cocoon maker moths Minute (6���10 mm wingspan) moths with narrow lanceolate wings and an elongate head, which extends beyond the eyes, such that it appears to be almost hypognathous. The first antennal segment may be somewhat enlarged, similar to but not as extensive as the antennal eye cap of the lyonetiids. Larvae are hypermetamorphic. Larvae of most species are leafminers in the first two instars and external skeletonizers in the later instars; a few species are miners of plant stems or galls. Th ey construct distinctive ribbed cocoons; hence the common name. Approximately 250 species of Bucculatricidae are known worldwide. Th ey are concentrated in the Nearctic, where 103 species are known, all in the genus Bucculatrix. Only two species have been recorded from AB, but more likely occur here. Braun (1963) revised the North American species, and four additional species have been described since then. 63 R Bucculatrix canadensisella Chambers, 1875 E Jun ��� L Jul ��� B g Birch Skeletonizer T: Braun (1963), Digweed (1998) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1965), Digweed (1998), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 64 * R Bucculatrix frigida Deschka, 1992 E Aug M ��� ��� T: Deschka (1992) L: Deschka (1992) C: Unknown, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 58, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Braun AF (1963) The genus Bucculatrix in America north of Mexico (microlepidoptera). American Entomological Society Memoirs 18: 1 - 208.","Digweed SC (1998) Seasonal activity of the Birch Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chambers (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), in Alberta. Th e Canadian Entomologist 130: 579 - 582.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Prentice RM (1965) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 4: Microlepidoptera. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Publication No. 1142, pp. 544 - 840.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","Deschka G (1992) Bucculatrix frigida sp. nov. aus der borealen Nearktis (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) [Bucculatrix frigida n. sp. of the boreal Nearctic (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae)]. Entomofauna 13: 545 - 551."]}

41. Alucitidae ��� many-plumed moths Small (10���22 mm wingspan), mottled moths with wings deeply divided into a number of plumes (six in the forewing, seven in the hindwing in North American species). When at rest, these distinctive moths usually sit in a characteristic fanlike pose. They overwinter as adults and are often found in houses at any time of the year. Larvae feed on deciduous plants; at least some are borers in buds, flowers, and shoots. Over 180 species of Alucitidae are known worldwide; three described species are known in North America, all of which occur in AB. Th e group was revised recently, by Landry and Landry (2004). 792 * R Alucita montana Barnes and Lindsey, 1921 Jan ��� Dec (H) m B g T: Landry and Landry (2004) L: [Bowman (1951)], Landry and Landry (2004) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 793 * R Alucita adriendenisi Landry and Landry, 2004 Jan ��� Dec (H) m B g T: Landry and Landry (2004) L: Landry and Landry (2004) C: CNC, NFRC 794 * R Alucita lalannei Landry and Landry, 2004 May ��� Sep (H) ��� B g T: Landry and Landry (2004) L: Landry and Landry (2004), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC Pterophoroidea 42. Pterophoridae ��� plume moths Small to medium-sized (15���30 mm wingspan) moths with long, slender bodies, and hindwings divided into three plumes. One species in CA (as well as several primitive species outside North America) do not have such divided wings. Th ey are weak fliers and have a characteristic posture at rest, holding the wings at right angles to the long body in the shape of a letter T. Larvae construct and live in loose webs. Many species are flower and seed feeders on Asteraceae, although many other plant families are utilized by the group as well. Approximately 1150 species of Pterophoridae are known, from all parts of the world. One hundred and forty-six species are known in North America, 48 of which are reported in AB. Species richness is particularly notable in the Rocky Mountains. A world checklist has been recently published (Gielis 2003), and the European fauna was revised by Gielis (1996). However, the North American fauna was last revised by Barnes and Lindsey (1921), and is not well known. In an unpublished thesis, Landry (1987) covered the eastern Canadian species, providing information and figures that are useful in western Canada as well. Th e higher classification here follows Gielis (2003)., Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 133-134, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Landry B, Landry J-F (2004) The genus Alucita in North America, with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Alucitidae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 136: 553 - 579.","Barnes W, Lindsey AW (1921) Th e Pterophoridae of America, north of Mexico. Contributions to the Natural History of the Lepidoptera of North America 4: 281 - 483.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","Gielis C (2003) World catalogue of insects, Vol. 4: Pterophoroidea and Alucitoidea (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 198 pp.","Gielis C (1996) Microlepidoptera of Europe, Vol. 1: Pterophoridae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Demark, 222 pp.","Landry B (1987) A synopsis of the plume-moths of the subfamily Platyptiliinae (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) of eastern Canada. MSc thesis, Montreal, QC: McGill University, 269 pp."]}

29. Coleophoridae ��� coleophorid moths Minute to small (8���15 mm wingspan), narrow-winged moths. Most adults have lightcolored or metallic green wings (Coleophorinae), black and white patterned wings (Momphinae), or gray and black wings (Blastobasinae). Th ey are similar superficially to the Gracillariidae and Batrachedridae. Larvae have diverse feedings habits; many are casebearers and feed on leaves, flowers, and seeds (Coleophorinae); others feed on various plant parts or are scavengers. A few are opportunistic predators. The family Coleophoridae includes several lineages that were recently considered to be separate families. Th e subfamily Coleophorinae comprises over 1000 described species, primarily in the genus Coleophora. Th e subfamily Momphinae comprises 60 described species, primarily in the genus Mompha. Th e subfamily Blastobasinae comprises 300 described species. All three of these subfamilies are particularly diverse in the Nearctic region, and all are in need of revision. Many new species remain to be described, particularly in the subfamily Coleophorinae. Hodges (1999a) reported that only 20%���25% of Nearctic species had been described. A fourth subfamily, the Pterolonchinae, comprises eight species, all from the Old World; one has been introduced to North America as a biological control agent of knapweed (Centaurea spp.; Compositae). Two hundred and sixty-seven species of Coleophoridae are known in North America; 39 species are reported in AB. Few AB specimens have been examined in detail by experts, so the fauna is poorly known. Few recent taxonomic works exist for the Coleophoridae. Landry and Wright (1993) revised the metallic green Coleophora; McDunnough (1958) and J.-F. Landry (1998a) provided many excellent illustrations of several Coleophora species. Adamski and Brown (1989) provided a higher-level systematic treatment of the Blastobasinae, and Adamski and Hodges (1996) published a nomenclature review and a checklist for the North American Blastobasinae., Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 75, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Landry J-F, Wright B (1993) Systematics of the Nearctic species of metallic-green Coleophora (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 125: 549 - 618.","McDunnough JH (1958) Heretofore unpublished illustrations of coleophorid genitalia, with notes (Lepidoptera). American Museum Novitates 1880: 1 - 11.","Landry J-F (1998 a) Repartition geographique, plantes nourricieres et notes taxonomiques sur 29 especes de Coleophora (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) au Quebec [Geographic distribution, host plants and taxonomic notes on 29 species of Coleophora (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae) in Quebec]. Fabreries 23: 25 - 104.","Adamski D, Brown RL (1989) Morphology and systematics of North American Blastobasidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). United States Department of Agriculture, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Technical Bulletin No. 165, 70 pp.","Adamski D, Hodges RW (1996) An annotated list of North American Blastobasinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 98: 708 - 740."]}

Angeronini 1480 * R Aspitates aberrata (Edwards, 1884) M May ��� M Jun ��� ��� G T: Munroe (1963), McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), Munroe (1963), McGuffin (1981) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1481 * R Aspitates taylori (Butler, 1893) M Jun ��� L Jun ��� B ��� T: Munroe (1963), McGuffin (1981) L: None C: CNC, UASM 1482 * R Euchlaena obtusaria (H��bner, 1813) L Jun ��� L Jul ��� b G T: McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), McGuffi n (1981), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1483 R Euchlaena johnsonaria (Fitch, 1869) L Jun ��� L Jul m B g T: McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), McGuffi n (1981) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1484 * R Euchlaena madusaria (Walker, 1860) L Jun ��� L Jul m B g T: McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1963), McGuffin (1981) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1485 * R Euchlaena marginaria (Minot, 1869) M Jun ��� L Jun m B ��� T: McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1963), McGuffin (1981), Ives and Wong (1988), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1486 R Euchlaena tigrinaria (Guen��e, [1858]) L Jun ��� L Jul m B g T: McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), McGuffi n (1981), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1486.1 * P Euchlaena irraria (Barnes and McDunnough, 1917) Jul? ��� ��� G T: McGuffin (1981) 1487 R Xanthotype urticaria Swett, 1918 L Jun ��� L Jul ��� B g T: Rindge (1978), McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), Rindge (1978), McGuffin (1981) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1488 R Xanthotype sospeta (Drury, 1773) L Jun ��� L Jul m B g T: Rindge (1978), McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), Rindge (1978), McGuffin (1981), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 219-220, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Munroe E (1963) The gilvarius group of Aspilates [sic: Aspitates] Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 95: 260 - 87.","McGuffin WC (1981) Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera) II. Subfamily Ennominae. 3. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 117: 1 - 153.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","Prentice RM (1963) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 3: Lasiocampidae, Drepanidae, Th yatiridae, Geometridae. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Bulletin No. 128, pp. 282 - 543.","Ives WGH, Wong HR (1988) Tree and shrub insects of the Prairie provinces. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Information Report NOR-X- 292, 327 pp.","Rindge FH (1978) A revision of the moth genus Xanthotype (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). American Museum Novitates 2659: 1 - 24."]}

58. Sphingidae – sphinx moths; hawk moths Medium-sized to very large (30–180 mm wingspan) moths with robust bodies, a characteristic elongate–triangular forewing, and a relatively small hindwing. Like the Saturniidae, the sphinx moths are part of the “charismatic megafauna” of Lepidoptera and indeed of all insects. Larvae often attract attention because they are large, and most species bear a conspicuous horn on the dorsal tip of the abdomen. Larval host plants include a wide variety of plant groups, although many of the species listed here feed on deciduous trees and shrubs. There are at least 1 200 species of sphingids globally, and the family is most diverse in tropical regions (Lemaire and Minet 1999). Th e North American fauna consists of about 130 species, with 27 species reported from AB. Many sphingids are strong dispersers, and strays from the far south occur occasionally in southern Canada. Three important monographs cover the North American Sphingidae: Rothschild and Jordan (1903), Hodges (1971), and Tuttle (2007). Rothschild and Jordan’s (1903) monumental work encompassed a global revision of the family. Hodges (1971) provided a taxonomic framework and biological information, although the distributions in western Canada were sketchy. Tuttle (2007) provided a wealth of biological information with much better coverage of western Canada. Kitching and Cadiou (2000) provided a complete catalogue of the world Sphingidae.

26. Glyphidoceridae – glyphidocerid moths Small (17–20 mm wingspan) moths with relatively wide wings. Superficially, adults resemble larger gelechiids, such as those of the genus Filatima, but can be distinguished by their broad, fan-shaped hindwings. Th e biology of this family is unknown. Glyphidocerids were very recently assigned family status (Hodges 1999a). Fortynine species are known, all in the New World and all in the genus Glyphidocera. Eleven species are known in North America, one of which is known from AB. Th e group is in need of revision; many undescribed species have been collected, and no comprehensive works exist. Individual species have been described recently by Adamski and Brown (1987), Adamski (2000), and Adamski and Metzler (2000). 189 * R Glyphidocera hurlberti Adamski, 2000 L Jun – M Sep – b g T: Adamski (2000) L: Pohl et al. (2005) C: NFRC, UASM

8. Prodoxidae ��� prodoxid moths Small (10���28 mm wingspan) moths with a scaled proboscis and similarly shaped forewings and hindwings that are held tentlike over the body when at rest. Females have piercing ovipositors. Th is group includes the yucca moths, which have a wellstudied interdependent relationship with yucca plants. All larvae are concealed feeders in seeds, stems, and (in one species) leaves. The larva of one European species is known to induce galls in which it feeds. Approximately 85 species of Prodoxidae are known, mostly from the Nearctic. Sixteen species are reported from AB. Most groups in the Prodoxidae have been revised recently (Davis 1967; Davis et al. 1992; Pellmyr 1999; Pellmyr et al. 2005), but the genus Lampronia is in need of modern revision., Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 52, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Davis DR (1967) A revision of the moths of the subfamily Prodoxinae (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum 255: 1 - 170.","Davis DR, Pellmyr O, Th ompson JN (1992) Biology and systematics of Greya Busck and Tetragma, new genus (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 524: 1 - 88.","Pellmyr O (1999) Systematic revision of the yucca moths in the Tegeticula yuccasella complex (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae) north of Mexico. Systematic Entomology 24: 243 - 271.","Pellmyr O, Balcazar-Lara M, Althoff DM, Segraves KA, Leebens-Mack J (2005) Phylogeny and life history evolution of Prodoxus yucca moths (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae). Systematic Entomology 31: 1 - 20."]}

Macrothyatirini 1233 R Euthyatira pudens (Guenée, 1852) L Apr – L May m B g T: Forbes (1923) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM

Arctiini 1611.1 * P Virbia laeta (Gu��rin-M��neville, 1844) M Jul? ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1960), Zaspel and Weller (2006), Zaspel et al.(2008) 1612 * R Virbia sp. nr. aurantiaca (H��bner, [1831]) Jul ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1960), Card�� (1965), Zaspel and Weller (2006), Zaspel et al. (2008) L: None C: CNC, UASM 1613 * R Virbia ferruginosa (Walker, 1854) L Jun ��� L Jul M B g T: Card�� (1965), Zaspel and Weller (2006), Zaspel et al. (2008) L: Bowman (1951),? Zaspel et al. (2008) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1614 * R Holoarctia sordida (McDunnough, 1921) M Jul ��� L Jul M ��� ��� T: Ferguson (1985b), P��yry and Kullberg (1997) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 1615 * R Neoarctia beanii (Neumoegen, 1891) M Jul M ��� ��� T: Ferguson (1985b) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1616 * R Holarctia obliterata (Stretch, 1885) Aug M B g T: Ferguson (1991) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1617 R Grammia doris (Boisduval, 1869) L Jun ��� B g T: Forbes (1960), Schmidt (2009b) L: Bowman (1951), Schmidt (2009b) C: UASM 1618 * R Grammia phyllira (Drury, 1773) L Jul ��� b g T: Forbes (1960), Schmidt (2009b) L: Bowman (1951), Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, UASM 1619 R Grammia virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) L Jun ��� L Jul m B g T: Forbes (1960), Schmidt (2009b) L: Bowman (1951), Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1620 R Grammia parthenice (Kirby, 1837) M Jul ��� E Aug m B g T: Forbes (1960), Schmidt (2009b) L: Bowman (1951), Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1621 * R Grammia virguncula (Kirby, 1837) M Jun ��� E Jul m B g T: Forbes (1960), Schmidt (2009b) L: Bowman (1951), Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1622 * R Grammia speciosa (M��schler, 1864) Jul ��� B ��� T: Schmidt (2009b) L: Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, UASM 1622.1 * P Grammia quenseli (Paykull, 1793) Jul M ��� ��� T: Schmidt (2009b) 1623 * R Grammia margo Schmidt, 2009 L May m B g T: Schmidt (2009b) L: [Bowman (1951)], Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1624 * R Grammia nevadensis (Grote and Robinson, 1866) Jul ��� Aug M ��� ��� T: Ferguson and Schmidt (2007), Schmidt (2009b) L: Bowman (1951), Hooper (1988b), Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, UASM 1625 R Grammia williamsii (Dodge, 1871) E ��� L Jul m B G T: Forbes (1960), Schmidt (2009b) L: Bowman (1951), Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1626 R Grammia elongata (Stretch, 1885) Jul M ��� ��� T: Schmidt (2009b) L: Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, UASM 1627 R Grammia blakei (Grote, 1865) M May ��� E Jun ��� ��� G T: Schmidt (2009b) L: Bowman (1951), Byers (1988), Schmidt (2009b) C: CNC, UASM 1627.1 * P Grammia ornata (Packard, 1864) Jun? M ��� ��� T: Ferguson et al. (2000), Schmidt (2009b) 1628 R Parasemia plantaginis (Linnaeus, 1758) M Jun ��� L Jul M B ��� T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1629 * R Pararctia lapponica (Th unberg, 1791) Jun ��� L Jul M ��� ��� T: Sotavalta (1965) L: None C: CNC, UASM 1630 * R Pararctia yarrowii (Stretch, [1874]) Jun ��� L Jul M b ��� T: Sotavalta (1965) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 1631 * R Platarctia parthenos (Harris, 1850) M Jun ��� E Jul M B ��� T: Sotavalta (1965) L: Bowman (1951), McGugan (1958), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1631.1 * P Platyprepia virginalis (Boisduval, 1852) Jun? M ��� ��� T: Sotavalta (1965) 1632 * R H Arctia caja (Linnaeus, 1758) L Jul ��� M Aug M B ��� T: Forbes (1960), de Freina and Witt (1987) L: Bowman (1951), Ives and Wong (1988) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1632.1 * P Arctia opulenta (Edwards, 1881) Jul? M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Troubridge (1999) 1633 * R H Phragmatobia fuliginosa (Linnaeus, 1758) May; E Aug (2Br) m b G T: Donahue and Newman (1966), de Freina and Witt (1987) L: Bowman (1951),? Donahue and Newman (1966) C: CNC, UASM 1634 * R Phragmatobia lineata Newman and Donahue, 1966 E ��� L May ��� ��� G T: Donahue and Newman (1966) L: Donahue and Newman (1966), Hooper (1988b), Donahue (1993) C: CNC, UASM 1635 R Phragmatobia assimilans Walker, 1855 M May ��� M Jun m B g T: Donahue and Newman (1966) L: Bowman (1951), Donahue and Newman (1966), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1635.1 * P Leptarctia californiae (Walker, 1855)? M ��� ��� 1636 R Pyrrharctia isabella (Smith, 1797) M Jun ��� M Jul ��� B G T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 1637 R Estigmene acrea (Drury, 1773) M Jun ��� M Jul ��� B G T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1638 * R Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) Jun ��� ��� G Fall Webworm T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951), McGugan (1958) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1639 R Spilosoma congrua Walker, 1855 Jun ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1960) L: None C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 1640 R Spilosoma dubia (Walker, 1855) L May ��� M Jun ��� B g T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 1641 R Spilosoma virginica (Fabricius, 1798) M Jun ��� M Jul ��� B g T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951), McGugan (1958) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1642 R Spilosoma vagans (Boisduval, 1852) M Jun ��� E Jul M ��� ��� L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 1642.1 * P Spilosoma pteridis Edwards 1874 M May ��� M Jun ��� ��� G 1643 * R Spilosoma danbyi (Neumoegen and Dyar, 1893) L May ��� M Jun ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1960) L: [Bowman (1951)] C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1644 * R Hypercompe permaculata (Packard, 1872) E Jun ��� M Jul ��� ��� G L: Bowman (1951), Hooper (1988b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1645 * R H Dodia albertae Dyar, 1901 M Jun ��� E Jul m B ��� T: Tshistjakov and Lafontaine (1984), Schmidt and Macaulay (2009) L: Bowman (1951), Tshistjakov and Lafontaine (1984), Schmidt and Macaulay (2009) C: CNC, UASM 1646 * R Dodia tarandus Schmidt and Macaulay, 2009 M Jun ��� E Jul ��� B ��� T: Schmidt and Macaulay (2009) L: Schmidt and Macaulay (2009) C: CNC, UASM 1647 * R Haploa lecontei (Gu��rin-M��neville, 1844) M Jul ��� E Aug ��� B g T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1647.1 * P Haploa confusa (Lyman, 1887) L Jul? ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1960) 1648 * R Gnophaela vermiculata (Grote, 1864) E Jul ��� E Aug m B ��� Police Car Moth L: Bowman (1951), [Ives and Wong (1988)] C: CNC, OLDS, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1648.1 * P Halysidota tessellaris (Smith, 1797) L Jun? ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1960) 1649 R Lophocampa maculata Harris, 1841 M Jun ��� M Jul m B g T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951), McGugan (1958), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1650 * R Cycnia tenera H��bner, 1818 L Jun? ��� E Jul ��� ��� G T: Forbes (1960) L: None C: BCSC, J. H. Acorn collection 1651 R Cycnia oregonensis (Stretch, [1874]) L May ��� M Jun ��� ��� G T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 1652 * R Ctenucha virginica (Esper, 1794) M Jun ��� E Jul m B ��� T: Forbes (1960) L: None C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1653 R Cisseps fulvicollis (H��bner, 1818) L Jul ��� E Aug M B ��� T: Forbes (1960) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 60.3. Herminiinae Small to medium-sized (20���40 mm wingspan) moths with relatively broad wings and narrow bodies. Th ey are defined on the basis of several internal and tympanal structures. Many species have distinctive secondary male sexual organs occurring on almost any part of the body, including swellings on the antennae and hair brushes on the palps or legs. The larvae feed mainly on fungus on dead leaves in various states of decomposition, but diets range from fungus to living vascular plant material. A few species feed on other material including dead insects, dried fruit, and dung. The Herminiinae occur worldwide, with the main diversity in the tropics. Approximately 100 species in 20 genera occur in North America. Sixteen species (including at least one undescribed) in nine genera occur in AB. Th e subfamily is need of revision. The only recent taxonomic work on the group is a revision of the genus Macrochilo (Ferguson 1982). Most AB species were treated by Forbes (1954). 1654 * R Idia americalis (Guen��e, 1854) E May ��� L Sep M B g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1655 * R Idia aemula (H��bner, 1814) L Jun ��� L Aug ��� B g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Prentice (1962), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1656 * R Idia sp. nr. aemula (H��bner, 1814) L Jun ��� M Aug M B ��� T: Rings et al. (1992) L: Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1657 * R Idia lubricalis (Geyer, 1832) E Jul ��� E Sep ��� b g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1658 * R Idia occidentalis (Smith, 1884) E Aug ��� M Aug ��� ��� G T: Mustelin (2006) L: None C: CNC, UASM 1659 * R Idia immaculalis (Hulst, 1886) E Jul ��� E Aug ��� ��� G L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 1660 R Phalaenophana pyramusalis (Walker, 1859) M May ��� M Jul ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, UASM 1661 * R Zanclognatha pedipilalis (Guen��e, 1854) E Sep ��� ��� G T: Forbes (1954) L: Hooper (1988c) C: CNC 1662 R Zanclognatha lutalba (Smith, 1906) L Jun ��� E Aug ��� B g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1663 R Chytolita petrealis (Grote, 1880) L May ��� E Aug M B g L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1664 R Macrochilo bivittata (Grote, 1877) Jul ��� E Aug ��� B g T: Ferguson (1982) L: None C: CNC, UASM 1665 R Macrochilo louisiana (Forbes, 1922) M Jul ��� L Aug ��� B ��� T: Ferguson (1982) L: None C: CNC, UASM 1665.1 * P Macrochilo absorptalis (Walker, 1859)? ��� B G T: Ferguson (1982) 1666 R Phalaenostola metonalis (Walker, 1859) L Jun ��� E Aug M B g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1667 R Phalaenostola hanhami (Smith, 1893) L Jul ��� E Aug ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1954) L: Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1667.1 * P Renia flavipunctalis (Geyer, 1832)? ��� ��� G T: Forbes (1954) 1668 R Bleptina caradrinalis Guen��e, 1854 M Jun ��� M Jul ��� B G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1669 R Palthis angulalis (H��bner, 1796) L May ��� E Aug M B g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Prentice (1962), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 60.4. Pangraptinae A group of relatively small (20 ��� 30 mm wingspan) moths, with broad, slightly scalloped wings. Only recently recognized as a valid family-group (see summary in Lafontaine and Schmidt in press), Pangraptinae currently contains only two species in two genera in North America, with additional species in Pangrapta (likely representing multiple unrecognized genera) in the Old World tropics. Only Pangrapta decoralis, the type-species of the genus, occurs in AB. 1670 * R Pangrapta decoralis H��bner, 1818 L Jun ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1954), Covell (1984) L: None C: UASM 60.5. Rivulinae Small (15���20 mm wingspan), broad-winged nocturnal moths. Th e subfamily is defined mainly by larval characters, but adults also have unique microsculpturing of the proboscis. Although this group was included in the Hypeninae by Kitching and Rawlins (1999), Fibiger and Lafontaine (2005) placed the rivulines in their own subfamily, as they share no derived characters with the Hypeninae. Unlike many of the other primitive quadrifine groups, the larvae feed on living vascular plants. There are relatively few Rivulinae species globally; a number of species in the genus Rivula are found worldwide. Nine species in three genera occur in North America, one of which occurs in AB. The group is in need of revision, but the sole AB species was treated by Forbes (1954) and Covell (1984). 1671 R Rivula propinqualis Guen��e, 1854 L Jun ��� M Aug m B g T: Forbes (1954), Covell (1984) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 60.6. Hypeninae A relatively small subfamily of medium-sized (30���50 mm wingspan) moths with broadly triangular (deltoid) forewings and elongate palps. Adults of several AB species are sexually dimorphic. Several species hibernate and overwinter as adults. The group is defined by a unique set of larval characters (Beck 1999 ��� 2000). Some larvae are semiloopers. Th ey feed on various vascular plants. Hypeninae occur worldwide. In North America, the subfamily is comprised of about 30 species, all but one in the genus Hypena. Eight species in two genera occur in AB. Most of the species listed here were treated by Forbes (1954). 1672 R Hypena bijugalis (Walker, 1859) M May ��� E Jul ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1673 R Hypena palparia (Walker, 1861) L Jun ��� L Jul ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Ives and Wong (1988) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 1674 * R Hypena deceptalis (Walker, 1859) L Jun ��� E Jul ��� b g T: Forbes (1954) L: None C: BIRD, OLDS 1675 R Hypena atomaria Smith, 1903 L Jun ��� L Jul ��� B g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1676 R Hypena edictalis (Walker, 1859) L Jun ��� L Aug ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1677 R Hypena humuli Harris, 1841 L Apr ��� E Jun; M M B g T: Forbes (1954) Aug ��� M Oct (H) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1678 R Hypena californica Behr, 1870 L Apr ��� E May; M B g L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956) C: CNC, UASM L Aug (H) 1678.1 * P Hypena scabra (Fabricius, 1798)? ��� b g T: Forbes (1954) 1679 * R Hypena eductalis Walker, [1859] E Jun ��� E Aug ��� B g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 60.7. Scoliopteryginae Medium-sized (40���70 mm wingspan), robust moths, often with prominent ���beaked��� palps and a sinuate forewing anal margin. Th e proboscis of adults is modified with tearing hooks for piercing fruit. This subfamily was previously treated as a subgroup of the Calpinae (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press). This group is most widespread and has the greatest species richness in the tropical regions of the world. Eleven species occur in North America. A diagnosis of the single species occurring in AB was treated by Forbes (1954) and Covell (1984)., Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 239-246, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Forbes WTM (1960) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part IV. Agaristidae through Nymphalidae including butterflies. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 371: 1 - 188.","Zaspel JM, Weller SJ (2006) Review of generic limits of the tiger moth genera Virbia Walker and Holomelina Herrich-Schaffer (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae) and their biogeography. Zootaxa 1159: 1 - 68.","Zaspel JM, Weller SJ, Carde RT (2008) A review of Virbia (formerly Holomelina) of America north of Mexico (Arctiidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini). Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 48: 59 - 118.","Carde RT (1965) Some taxonomic notes on the Nearctic Holomelina (Arctiidae) with a partial key to the species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 19: 69 - 76.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","McDunnough JH (1921) Two new Canadian crambid moths (Lepidoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 53: 160 - 161.","Ferguson DC (1985 b) Contributions towards a reclassification of the world genera of the tribe Arctiini, part 1 - Introduction and a revision of the Neoarctia - Grammia group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: Arctiinae). Entomography 3: 181 - 275.","Poyry J, Kullberg J (1997) A taxonomic revision of the genus Holoarctia Ferguson, 1984 (Arctiidae). Nota Lepidopterologia 20: 45 - 65.","Ferguson DC (1991) Th e identity of Arctia obliterata Stretch (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 93: 828 - 833.","Schmidt BC (2009 b) Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156: 507 - 597.","Ferguson DC, Schmidt BC (2007) Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 1405: 39 - 49.","Hooper RR (1988 b) A check-list of the moths of Saskatchewan, Part 3 - Tiger moths (Arctiidae) and tussock moths (Lymantriidae). Blue Jay 46: 127 - 132.","Byers JR (1988) Wooly-bear caterpillars of Grammia blakei (Grote) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). An occassional pest of native range pastures and adjacent crops in southern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan. Th e Canadian Entomologist 120: 927 - 935.","Ferguson DC, Opler PA, Smith MJ (2000) Moths of western North America, 3. Distribution of Arctiidae of western North America, Part 1. Text, maps, and references. C. P. Gillette Arthropod Biodiversity Museum, Ft. Collins, CO, 171 pp.","Sotavalta O (1965) A revision of the genus Hyphoraia Hubner s. lat. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Annales Entomologica Fennica 31: 159 - 97.","McGugan BM (1958) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 1: Papilionidae to Arctiidae. Canada Department of Agriculture, Forest Biology Division, Publication No. 1034, 76 pp.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","de Freina JJ, Witt TJ (1987) Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera), Band 1 [Th e bombycids and sphingids of the western Palearctic (Insecta, Lepidoptera), Vol. 1]. Edition Forschung und Wissenschaft, Munchen, 708 pp.","Ives WGH, Wong HR (1988) Tree and shrub insects of the Prairie provinces. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Information Report NOR-X- 292, 327 pp.","Lafontaine JD, Troubridge JT (1999) Two new species of Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) from the Yukon Territory, Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 96: 89 - 93.","Donahue JP, Newman JH (1966) The genus Phragmatobia in North America, with the description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Th e Michigan Entomologist 1: 35 - 73.","Donahue JP (1993) New distribution records of the tiger-moth genus Phragmatobia in North America (Lepidoptera: Arctiide: Arctiinae). Great Lakes Entomologist 26: 21 - 30.","Tshistjakov YA, Lafontaine JD (1984) A review of the genus Dodia Dyar (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with description of a new species from eastern Siberia and northern Canada. The Canadian Entomologist 116: 1549 - 1556.","Schmidt BC, Macaulay DA (2009) A new species of Dodia Dyar (Noctuidae: Arctiinae) from central Canada. ZooKeys 9: 79 - 88.","Ferguson DC (1982) A revision of the genus Macrochilo Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Entomography 1: 303 - 332.","Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433.","Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356.","Prentice RM (1962) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 2: Nycteolidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Liparidae. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Publication No. 1013, pp. 77 - 281.","Rings RW, Metzler EH, Arnold FJ, Harris DH (1992) Owlet moths of Ohio - order Lepidoptera - family Noctuidae. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin 9 (2): 1 - 219.","Mustelin T (2006) Taxonomy of southern California Erebidae and Noctuidae (L.) with descriptions of twenty-one new species. Zootaxa 1278: 1 - 47.","Hooper RR (1988 c) A checklist of the moths of Saskatchewan, Part 4 - Snout moths (Herminiinae, Rivulinae, Hypenodinae, and Hypeninae). Blue Jay 46: 178 - 180.","Covell CV Jr (1984) A field guide to moths of eastern North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, Peterson Field Guide Series No. 30, 496 pp.","Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 690.","Beck H (1999) Die Larven der Europaischen Noctuidae - Revision der Systematik der Noctuidae [Th e larvae of the European Noctuidae - revision of the systematics of the Noctuidae]. Herbipoliana 5, Vol. 1 (447 pp.) and Vol. 2 (859 pp.).","Beck H (2000) Die Larven der Europaischen Noctuidae - Revision der Systematik der Noctuidae [Th e larvae of the European Noctuidae - revision of the systematics of the Noctuidae]. Herbipoliana 5, Vol. 3 (336 pp.) and Vol. 4 (512 pp.)."]}

Smerinthini 1553 R Smerinthus jamaicensis (Drury, 1773) M Jun ��� L Jul m B g Twin-spotted Sphinx T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: Bowman (1951), McGugan (1958), Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1554 * R Smerinthus cerisyi Kirby, 1837 E Jun ��� L Jul m B g One-eyed Sphinx T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: Bowman (1951), McGugan (1958),? Hodges (1971), Pohl et al. (2004b), Tuttle (2007) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1555 * R Smerinthus ophthalmica Boisduval, 1855 Jun; Aug (2Br) m ��� G L: Dod (1912) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1556 R Paonias excaecatus (Smith, 1797) L Jun ��� M Jul ��� B ��� Blinded Sphinx T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: Bowman (1951), Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1557 R Paonias myops (Smith, 1797) L May ��� L Jun ��� B g Small-eyed Sphinx T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: Bowman (1951),? Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1558 * R Pachysphinx modesta (Harris, 1839) L Jun ��� M Jul ��� B g Big Poplar Sphinx T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: Bowman (1951), McGugan (1958), Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1559 * R Pachysphinx occidentalis (Edwards, 1875) Jun; Aug (2Br) m ��� G Western Poplar Sphinx T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: [Bowman (1951)], Tuttle (2007) C: PMAE, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 230, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Hodges RW (1971) Sphingoidea; hawkmoths. Fasc. 21. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) Th e moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 158 pp. + 14 plates.","Tuttle JP (2007) Th e hawk moths of North America. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington D. C., xvii + 253 pp.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","McGugan BM (1958) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 1: Papilionidae to Arctiidae. Canada Department of Agriculture, Forest Biology Division, Publication No. 1034, 76 pp.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","Dod FHW (1912) Smerinthus cerisyi and S. ophthalmicus. Th e Canadian Entomologist 44: 299 - 300."]}

25. Xyloryctidae ��� teardrop moths Small (12���18 mm wingspan) moths with narrow lanceolate wings. Most species have dark wings and rather wide bodies relative to those of other narrow-winged groups. Adults rest with the wings folded around the body in the shape of an elongate teardrop. Many species are diurnal. Th e larvae of most species construct webs from which they feed on leaves. A few species are miners. The family Xyloryctidae consists of approximately 1200 described species worldwide. Species richness is particularly notable in arid regions. Forty-two species are known in North America, all in the subfamily Scythridinae, which was considered a separate family before Hodges (1999a). Six species are known to occur in AB. The family was revised for North America by Landry (1991), who estimated that only 10% of Nearctic species had been described., Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 72, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Landry J-F (1991) Systematics of Nearctic Scythrididae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea): phylogeny and classification of supraspecific taxa, with a review of described species. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 160: 1 - 341."]}

Plusiini 1727 R Diachrysia aereoides (Grote, 1864) M Jun ��� M Aug m b G T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1728 R Diachrysia balluca Geyer, 1832 M Jul ��� M Aug ��� B g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: None C: CNC, UASM 1729 R Pseudeva purpurigera (Walker, 1858) E Jul ��� L Aug ��� b g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, PMAE, UASM 1730 * R Pseudeva palligera (Grote, 1881) M Jul ��� E Sep M ��� g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: None C: UASM 1731 * R H Polychrysia esmeralda (Oberth��r, 1880) L Jun ��� M Aug M b g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: [Bowman (1951)], [Crumb (1956)], Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1732 R Chrysanympha formosa (Grote, 1865) M Jul ��� M Aug ��� B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1733 R Eosphoropteryx thyatyroides (Guen��e, 1852) L Jul ��� L Aug ��� B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1734 * M Megalographa biloba (Stephens, 1830) M Aug ��� ��� G T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: None C: AGRL 1735 R Autographa rubidus Ottolengui, 1902 E Jun ��� E Jul m B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1736 R Autographa sansoni Dod, 1910 E Jun ��� L Jul M b ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1737 R Autographa bimaculata (Stephens, 1830) E Jul ��� M Sep M B g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1738 R Autographa mappa (Grote and Robinson, 1868) E Jun ��� M Jul M B g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1739 R Autographa pseudogamma (Grote, 1875) M May ��� E Aug M b g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, PMAE, UASM 1740 R Autographa californica (Speyer, 1875) L Apr ��� L Oct M B G T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1741 R Autographa flagellum (Walker, [1858]) L Jun ��� L Aug m B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1742 R Autographa metallica (Grote, 1875) E Sep M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1743 R Autographa v-alba Ottolengui, 1902 M Aug M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, PMAE, UASM 1744 R Autographa ampla (Walker, [1858]) M Jun ��� M Sep M B g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Prentice (1962), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1745 * R Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby, 1837) M May ��� L Sep M b G T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) (2Br) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1746 R Syngrapha octoscripta (Grote, 1874) M Jul ��� M Sep M B G T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, UASM 1747 R Syngrapha epigaea (Grote, 1875) M Jul ��� E Sep M B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1962), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1748 * R Syngrapha selecta (Walker, [1858]) M Jul m B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Prentice (1962), Hooper (1990b), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1749 * R Syngrapha viridisigma (Grote, 1874) E Jul ��� E Sep M B g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: [Bowman (1951)], [Prentice (1962)], Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1750 R Syngrapha orophila Hampson, 1908 M Jul ��� L Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1751 * R Syngrapha borea (Aurivillius, 1890) M Jul ��� M Aug M b ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1752 * R H Syngrapha diasema (Boisduval, 1828) E ��� L Jul M B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1753 * R H Syngrapha interrogationis (Linnaeus, 1758) L Jul ��� E Sep M B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1754 * R Syngrapha surena (Grote, 1882) L Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: UASM 1755 R Syngrapha alias (Ottolengui, 1902) L Jun ��� L Aug M B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1962), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1756 R Syngrapha abstrusa Eichlin and Cunningham, 1978 M Jun ��� L Jun M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Hooper (1990b) C: CNC, UASM 1757 R Syngrapha rectangula (Kirby, 1837) M Jul ��� M Aug M B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1962), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1758 R Syngrapha angulidens (Smith, 1891) M Jul ��� L Aug M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1758.1 * P Syngrapha montana (Packard, 1869)? ��� B g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) 1759 * R H Syngrapha microgamma (H��bner, 1823) L Jun ��� M Jul m B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1760 * R Syngrapha alticola (Walker, [1858]) E Jul ��� E Aug M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1761 R H Syngrapha parilis (H��bner, [1809]) M Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, UASM 1762 R Syngrapha ignea (Grote, 1863) M Jun ��� E Aug M B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1763 * R H Plusia putnami Grote, 1873 L May ��� L Aug M B g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Lafontaine and Poole (1991), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1764 * R Plusia magnimacula Handfield and Handfield, 2006 M Jul ��� Sep M B ��� T: Handfield and Handfield (2006) L: Handfield and Handfield (2006) C: CNC, UASM 1764.1 * P Plusia contexta Grote, 1873? ��� B ��� T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) 1765 R Plusia venusta Walker, 1865 L Jun ��� M Aug ��� B g T: Lafontaine and Poole (1991) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine and Poole (1991) C: CNC, PMAE, UASM 63.2. Eustrotiinae Small to medium-sized (20���40 mm wingspan) moths with broad wings. Th e group is defined by wing vein characters (modifications to M 2) and larval characters (the larvae of most species retain setae SV 2 on the first abdominal segment). Th is is a complex grouping of moths, badly in need of revisionary and phylogenetic study. As presently defined, the group is probably paraphyletic and possibly polyphyletic in composition. Larvae of most species feed on plants. Of the approximately 56 species occurring in North America, two species are known to occur in AB. 1766 R Deltote bellicula H��bner, 1818 E Jun ��� E Jul ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 1767 * R Protodeltote albidula (Guen��e, 1852) L May ��� L Jul M B g T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, PMAE, UASM 1767.1 * P Maliattha synochitis (Grote and Robinson, 1868)? ��� ��� G T: Forbes (1954) 63.3. Acontiinae Relatively small (15���30 mm wingspan) trifine noctuid moths. Many species are birddropping mimics, with predominately white, cream, or yellow wings. The subfamily is defined by structural characters of the scaphium, tympanum, and male genitalia of the adults, and also the number and placement of setae SV in the larvae (Fibiger and Lafontaine 2005). The North American Acontiinae fauna consists of 87 species; six species in four genera occur in AB. Several of these are among the smallest noctuids in the province. Th e smaller species of Acontiinae have frequently been misplaced in collections as unidentified microlepidoptera. Th e group needs revision., Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 254-259, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Lafontaine JD, Poole RW (1991) Noctuoidea: Noctuidae: Plusiinae. Fasc. 25.1. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) Th e moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 182 pp.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","Prentice RM (1962) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 2: Nycteolidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Liparidae. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Publication No. 1013, pp. 77 - 281.","Hooper RR (1990 b) Check-list of Saskatchewan moths, Part 6: Looper moths (Plusiinae). Blue Jay 48: 136 - 137.","Eichlin TD, Cunningham HB (1978) Th e Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico, emphasizing genitalic and larval morphology. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1567, 222 pp.","Handfield D, Handfield L (2006) A new species of Plusia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from North America. Th e Canadian Entomologist 138: 853 - 859.","Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433.","Fibiger M, Lafontaine JD (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the holarctic fauna. Esperiana 11: 7 - 690."]}

61. Euteliidae Medium-sized (approximately 30 mm wingspan) moths, usually with brightly colored, patterned wings. They have an unusual resting posture, with the wings rolled and held out from the body. Th is is a small group of primarily tropical moths, with 16 species in three genera in North America, one of which reaches AB. Most feed on sumacs and poison-ivy (Rhus spp.). 1720 * R Marathyssa inficita (Walker, 1865) L Jun ��� ��� G T: Forbes (1954) L: None C: NFRC, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 251-252, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433."]}

Endotheniini 529 R Endothenia montanana (Kearfott, 1907) May ��� Jun ��� b g T: Heinrich (1926), Miller (1987), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: Bowman (1951), Gilligan et al. (2008) C: UASM 530 R Endothenia heinrichi McDunnough, 1929 M Apr ��� M Jul ��� b g T: McDunnough (1929a), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 531 * R H Endothenia hebesana (Walker, 1863) Jun ��� Sep M b g T: Heinrich (1926), Miller (1983a, 1987), Razowski (2003), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: Heinrich (1926), Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 532 * U Endothenia infuscata Heinrich, 1923 Jun ��� b g T: Heinrich (1926), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: Bowman (1951) C:?UASM 533 * R Endothenia nubilana (Clemens, 1865) Jun ��� Jul M B G T: Heinrich (1926), Miller (1983a, 1987), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: Heinrich (1926), Bowman (1951), Gilligan et al. (2008) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 534 * R Taniva albolineana (Kearfott, 1907) Jun ��� Jul M B g Spruce Needleminer T: Heinrich (1926), Miller (1987), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: Heinrich (1926), Bowman (1951), Prentice (1965), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: NFRC, OLDS, UASM 535 * R H Tia enervana (Erschoff, 1877) Jun M ��� ��� T: Heinrich (1926), Jalava and Miller (1998), Miller and Jalava (2000), Razowski (2003) L: Heinrich (1926), Bowman (1951), Jalava and Miller (1998) C: CNC, UASM 536 R Hulda impudens (Walsingham, 1884) E Jul ��� B ��� T: Heinrich (1926), Miller (1987), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: None C: NFRC 537 * R H Bactra furfurana (Haworth, 1811) Jul ��� Aug ��� B G T: Heinrich (1926), Miller (1987), Powell (1997), Razowski (2003), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 538 * R Bactra verutana Zeller, 1875 Aug ��� B G T: Heinrich (1926), Diakonoff (1964), Miller (1987), Gilligan et al. (2008) L: Heinrich (1926), Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 109-110, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Heinrich C (1926) Revision of the North American moths of the subfamilies Laspeyresiinae and Olethreutinae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 132: 1 - 216.","Gilligan TM, Wright DJ, Gibson LD (2008) Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States, an identification guide. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series 16 (2): 1 - 334.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","McDunnough JH (1929 a) Notes on some diurnal Lepidoptera from Yellowstone Park and the adjacent regions of Montana. Th e Canadian Entomologist 61: 105 - 107.","Miller WE (1983 a) Nearctic Endothenia species: a new synonymy, a misidentification, and a revised status (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Great Lakes Entomologist 16: 5 - 12.","Razowski J (2003) Tortricidae of Europe, Vol. 2. Olethreutinae. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava, Slovakia, 301 pp.","Heinrich C (1923) Revision of the North American moths of the subfamily Eucosminae of the family Olethreutidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 123: 1 - 298.","Prentice RM (1965) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 4: Microlepidoptera. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Publication No. 1142, pp. 544 - 840.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","Jalava J, Miller WE (1998) Boreal Olethreutini 1. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): synonymies and Holarctic records. Entomologica Fennica 9: 137 - 142.","Miller WE, Jalava J (2000) Boreal Olethreutini 2. (Tortricidae): wing and genitalia illustrations, a new synonymy, and a new holarctic addition. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 54: 47 - 51.","Powell JA (1997) Three additional Bactra in California, one native but overlooked, one probably introduced, one new species (Tortricidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 51: 128 - 134.","Diakonoff A (1964) Further records and descriptions of the species of Bactra Stephens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Verhandelingen Rijksmuseum Van Natuurlihke Historie (Leiden) 70: 1 - 81."]}

60. Erebidae - quadrifine noctuoids As currently defined, this is a very large assemblage of noctuoid moths, with an enormous diversity in size, facies, ecology and biology. Although relatively well-supported as a natural group by molecular and morphological data, the phylogeny within this group is still in its infancy ��� many relationships within the Erebidae are still poorly resolved, to say nothing of tropical groups that still await discovery and/or phylogenetic placement. There are however also several strongly supported groups now included within the Erebidae, such as the Lymantriinae, Arctiinae, and Herminiinae. The Erebidae as currently defined may well be split into a number of families in the future. It is diffi cult to draw generalizations on such a hyper-diverse group, and brief introductory sections are limited to subfamilies here. As it is currently constituted, Erebidae is represented by 124 species in AB. 60.1. Lymantriinae ��� tussock moths Mostly medium-sized (30���80 mm wingspan) moths with robust bodies. Wing pattern and color is usually drab, and several genera have wingless (Orgyia) or flightless (Gynaephora, some Lymantria) females. Th e subfamily Lymantriinae is thought to be closely related to the Arctiinae (both groups have hairy larvae), Aganainae and Herminiinae. Like the Arctiinae, the most recent systematic arrangement of the Noctuoidea places the Lymantriinae as a subfamily of the Erebidae rather than as a separate family (Lafontaine and Schmidt in press). Larvae are predominantly arboreal, feeding on both deciduous and coniferous woody plants. Many species are host generalists, and a relatively high proportion of this subfamily are forest pests, most notably the Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar), the Satin Moth (Leucoma salicis) and the Douglas-fir Tussock Moth (Orgyia pseudotsugata). Approximately 2500 species of Lymantriinae are known worldwide, with diversity centered in the Old World tropics: only about 200 species are known from the New World. Th irty-two species occur in North America, nine of which are reported from AB. Ferguson (1978) treated all of the North American Lymantriinae., Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 236, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Ferguson DC (1978) Noctuoidea: Lymantriidae. Fasc. 22.2. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) Th e moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 110 pp. + plates, index."]}

Oecophorini 190 * R Decantha tistra Hodges, 1974 E Jun ��� M Aug m b g T: Hodges (1974) L: None C: NFRC 191 R Brymblia quadrimaculella (Chambers, 1875) Jun ��� Jul m B g T: Hodges (1974) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 192 R Denisia haydenella (Chambers, 1877) Jun ��� Jul M B ��� T: Hodges (1974) L: Bowman (1951), Hodges (1974) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 193 R Polix coloradella (Walsingham, 1888) Jun ��� Jul M B g T: Hodges (1974) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 194 * U I Hofmannophila pseudospretella (Stainton, 1849) Aug ��� Sep ��� b g Brown House Moth T: Hodges (1974) L:? Hodges (1974) C: Unknown 195 R Eido trimaculella (Fitch, 1856) M Jun ��� E Aug ��� B g T: Hodges (1974) L: Bowman (1951) C: NFRC, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 74, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Hodges RW (1974) Gelechioidea: Oecophoridae. Fasc. 6.2. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) Th e moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 142 pp. + plates, index.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549."]}

Ypsolophinae 104 R Ypsolopha canariella (Walsingham, 1881) Jul ��� Sep M B G L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 105 * R H Ypsolopha dentella (Fabricius, 1775) Jul ��� b g European Honeysuckle Leafroller T: Forbes (1923), Parenti (2000) L: Pohl et al. (2005) C: NFRC, OLDS 106 * R Ypsolopha dentiferella (Walsingham, 1881) Jul ��� Sep M B G L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: NFRC, UASM 107 R Ypsolopha dorsimaculella (Kearfott, 1907) Jul M B g L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1965) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 108 R Ypsolopha falciferella (Walsingham, 1881) Apr ��� Jun; ��� B g L: Bowman (1951) C: NFRC, OLDS, UASM Sep ��� Oct (H) 109 * R Ypsolopha flavistrigella (Busck, 1906) Jun ��� Jul; Sep (H) ��� b g T: Powell and Opler (2009) L: None C: NFRC, OLDS 110 * R Ypsolopha rubrella (Dyar, 1902) L Jul M ��� ��� L: None C: CNC 111 R Ypsolopha senex (Walsingham, 1889) Aug M B g L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1965), Ives and Wong (1988) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 63, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","Forbes WTM (1923) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part I. Primitive forms, Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 68: 1 - 729.","Parenti U (2000) A guide to the microlepidoptera of Europe. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino, Torino, Italy, 426 pp.","Pohl GR, Bird CD, Landry J-F, Anweiler GG (2005) New records of microlepidoptera in Alberta, Canada. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 59: 61 - 82.","Prentice RM (1965) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 4: Microlepidoptera. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Publication No. 1142, pp. 544 - 840.","Powell JA, Opler PA (2009) Moths of western North America. University of California, Berkeley, CA, 383 pp.","Dyar HG (1902) A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 52: 1 - 723.","Ives WGH, Wong HR (1988) Tree and shrub insects of the Prairie provinces. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Information Report NOR-X- 292, 327 pp."]}

Hesperiini 1074 * R Hesperia uncas Edwards, 1863 Jun ��� b G Uncas Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1075 * R Hesperia manitoba (Scudder, 1874) Jul M b ��� Boreal Skipper T: Scudder (1874), Lindsey et al. (1931), MacNeill (1964), Forister et al. (2004) L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 1076 * R Hesperia assiniboia (Lyman, 1892) Aug ��� b G Plains Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1076.1 * P Hesperia colorado (Scudder, 1874) ssp. harpalus (Edwards, 1881) M Jul ��� M Sep m ��� G Western Branded Skipper 1076.2 * P Hesperia leonardus Harris, 1862 ssp. pawnee Dodge, 1874 Aug ��� ��� G Pawnee Skipper T: Klassen et al. (1989), Scott and Stanford (1981) 1076.3 * P Hesperia pahaska (Leussler, 1938) Jun ��� E Jul ��� ��� G Pahaska Skipper T: Hooper (1973) 1077 * R Hesperia nevada (Scudder, 1874) Jun m b G Nevada Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, UASM 1078 R Polites rhesus (Edwards, 1878) May ��� ��� G Rhesus Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998) C: UASM 1079 R Polites peckius (Kirby, 1837) Jul M B G Peck���s Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1080 R Polites draco (Edwards, 1871) Jul M b ��� Draco Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1081 * R Polites themistocles (Latreille, [1824]) Jul m b G Tawny-edged Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1082 * R Polites mystic (Edwards, 1863) ssp. dacotah M Jun ��� L Jul M B G (Edwards, 1871) Long Dash Skipper L: [Bird et al. (1995)], [Layberry et al. (1998)], [Guppy and Shepard (2001)] C: CNC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1083 * R Poanes hobomok (Harris, 1862) Jun ��� b G Hobomok Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998) C: PMAE, UASM 1084 * R Ochlodes sylvanoides (Boisduval, 1852) Aug m ��� G Woodland Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, UASM 1085 * R Anatrytone logan (Edwards, 1863) Jul ��� ��� G Delaware Skipper L: Bird et al. (1995), Layberry et al. (1998), Guppy and Shepard (2001) C: CNC, PMAE, UASM 1085.1 * P Notamblyscirtes simius (Edwards, 1881) Jun ��� ��� G Simius Roadside Skipper 1086 * S Euphyes vestris (Boisduval, 1852) Jul ��� b g Dun Skipper L: Bird (2000) C: UASM Papilionoidea, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 166-168, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Bird CD, Hilchie GJ, Kondla NG, Pike EM, Sperling FAH (1995) Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, 349 pp.","Layberry RA, Hall PW, Lafontaine JD (1998) The butterflies of Canada. NRC Research Press, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, in association with University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON, 280 pp.","Guppy CS, Shepard JH (2001) Butterflies of British Columbia. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, BC, 414 pp.","Scudder SH (1874) The species of the lepidopterous genus Pamphila. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2 (3): 341 - 353 + plates 10, 11.","Lindsey AW, Bell EL, Williams RC (1931) Th e Hesperoidea of North America. Journal of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University 26: 1 - 142.","MacNeill CD (1964) Th e skippers of the genus Hesperia in western North America with special reference to California (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 35: 1 - 230.","Forister ML, Fordyce JA, Shapiro AM (2004) Geological barriers and restricted gene flow in the Holarctic skipper Hesperia comma (Hesperiidae). Molecular Ecology 13: 3489 - 3499.","Klassen P, Westwood AR, Preston WB, McKillop WB (1989) The butterflies of Manitoba. Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature, Winnipeg, MB, 290 pp.","Scott JA, Stanford RE (1981) Geographical variation and ecology of Hesperia leonardus (Hesperiidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 20: 18 - 35.","Hooper RR (1973) Butterflies of Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Department of Natural Resources, Regina, SK, 216 pp.","Bird CD (2000) Dun Skipper (Euphyes vestris), confirmed for Alberta. Alberta Naturalist 30: 11."]}

Eriopygini 2122 R Lasionycta taigata Lafontaine, 1988 L Jun ��� M Jul m B ��� T: Lafontaine and Kononenko (1988); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Lafontaine and Kononenko (1988); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2123 R H Lasionycta secedens (Walker, [1858]) M Jun ��� M Jul M B ��� T: McCabe (1980); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2124 * R Lasionycta fergusoni Crabo and Lafontaine, 2009 M Jul ��� L Jul M ��� ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: [Bowman (1951)]; Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2125 * R Lasionycta mutilata (Smith, 1898) L Jul M ��� ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2126 R Lasionycta luteola (Smith, 1893) E Jul ��� L Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2127 * R Lasionycta leucocycla (Staudinger, 1857) M Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2128 * R Lasionycta anthracina Crabo and Lafontaine, 2009 L Jun ��� B ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: UASM 2129 * R Lasionycta poca (Barnes and Benjamin, 1923) M Jun ��� M Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2130 R Lasionycta frigida Crabo and Lafontaine, 2009 M Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2131 * R Lasionycta perplexa (Smith, 1888) L Jun ��� L Jul M b ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Godfrey (1972); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2132 R Lasionycta perplexella Crabo and Lafontaine, 2009 M Jul M ��� ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2133 * R Lasionycta subfuscula (Grote, 1874) M Jun ��� L Jul M ��� ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2134 R Lasionycta quadrilunata (Grote, 1874) L Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2135 * R Lasionycta lagganata (Barnes and Benjamin, 1923) M Aug M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951), Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2136 * R Lasionycta uniformis (Smith, 1893 M Jul ��� E Aug M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2137 R Lasionycta brunnea Crabo and Lafontaine, 2009 L Jul ��� M Aug M ��� ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2138 * R Lasionycta promulsa (Morrison, 1875) L Jun ��� L Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2139 R Lasionycta pulverea Crabo and Lafontaine, 2009 M Jul M ��� ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2140 R Lasionycta silacea Crabo and Lafontaine, 2009 M Jul ��� E Aug M ��� ��� T: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2141 R Lasionycta impingens (Walker, 1857) M Jul ��� L Jul M ��� ��� T: Lafontaine et al. (1986); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) L: Bowman (1951); Crabo and Lafontaine (2009) C: CNC, UASM 2142 R Lacinipolia meditata (Grote, 1873) M Jul ��� E Aug M b G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 2143 R Lacinipolia lustralis (Grote, 1875) M Jun ��� E Jul M b G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Godfrey (1972) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 2144 * U Lacinipolia cuneata (Grote, 1873) Jun? M ��� ��� T: Forbes (1954) L: Crumb (1956), Godfrey (1972) C: Unknown 2145 R Lacinipolia anguina (Grote, 1881) M May ��� M Jul M B G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 2146 R Lacinipolia longiclava (Smith, 1891) M May ��� M Jun ��� ��� G L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 2147 * R Lacinipolia naevia (Smith, 1898) L May ��� M Jun ��� ��� G T: McDunnough (1943a) L: None C: BIRD, CNC, UASM 2148 * R Lacinipolia vicina (Grote, 1874) M Jun ��� E Aug M B G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 2149 R Lacinipolia pensilis (Grote, 1874) M Aug ��� E Sep M ��� G T: McDunnough (1943a), Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 2150 R Lacinipolia renigera (Stephens, 1829) E Jul ��� E Aug M b G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 2151 R Lacinipolia stricta (Walker, 1865) L Aug ��� E Sep ��� ��� G L: Godfrey (1972) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 2152 R Lacinipolia lorea (Guen��e, 1852) M Jun ��� M Jul M B G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 2153 R Lacinipolia olivacea (Morrison, 1874) E Jul ��� L Aug M B G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 2154 * R Lacinipolia comis (Grote, 1876) M Aug M ��� ��� T: McDunnough (1943a) L: None C: UASM 2155 * R Lacinipolia davena (Smith, 1901) E Jul ��� M Jul M ��� ��� T: McDunnough (1943a) L: McDunnough (1943a), Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 2156 * R Lacinipolia strigicollis (Wallengren, 1860) E Sep ��� ��� G L: None C: UASM 2157 R Anhimella contrahens (Walker, 1860) E Jul ��� E Aug M b G T: McDunnough (1943a), Forbes (1954) L: McDunnough (1943a), Bowman (1951) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 2158 * R Homorthodes furfurata (Grote, 1875) L Jun ��� M Jul M ��� G T: McDunnough (1943a) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 2158.1 * P Homorthodes discreta (Barnes and McDunnough, 1916)? M ��� ��� 2159 * R Protorthodes curtica (Smith, 1890) E Aug ��� L Aug ��� ��� G L: Hooper (1993) C: CNC 2160 * R Protorthodes incincta (Morrison, 1874) M Aug ��� L Aug ��� ��� G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 2161 * R Protorthodes eureka (Barnes and Benjamin, 1927) M Aug ��� E Sep ��� ��� G L: [Hooper (1993)] C: CNC, UASM 2162 R Protorthodes oviduca (Guen��e, 1852) M May ��� L Jun m B G T: Forbes (1954) L: Bowman (1951), Crumb (1956), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, PMAE, UASM 2163 * R Ulolonche disticha (Morrison, 1875) L Jun ��� ��� G L: None C: CNC, UASM 2164 R Ulolonche orbiculata (Smith, 1891) M May ��� E Jun ��� ��� G L: None C: CNC, UASM 2165 * R Orthodes goodelli (Grote, 1875) E Jun ��� M Jul ��� b G T: McCabe (1980) L: Bowman (1951), McCabe (1980) C: CNC, UASM 2166 * R Orthodes obscura (Smith, 1888) E Jun ��� L Jun M B g T: McCabe (1980) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, PMAE, UASM 2167 * R Orthodes majuscula (Herrich-Sch��ffer, 1868) L Jun ��� ��� G T: McDunnough (1943a), Forbes (1954) L: None C: CNC, UASM 2167.1 * P Orthodes cynica Guen��e, 1852? ��� b g T: Forbes (1954) 2168 * R ��� Polia ��� detracta (Walker, 1857) E Jun ��� E Jul m B G T: Forbes (1954), McCabe (1980) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 2169 * R Zosteropoda hirtipes Grote, 1874 M Jul M ��� ��� L: Godfrey (1972) C: UASM 2170 * R Neleucania bicolorata (Grote, 1881) L Jun ��� ��� G L: None C: UASM 2171 * R Hydroeciodes serrata (Grote, 1880) M Aug ��� L Aug M ��� ��� L: None C: CNC, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 293-297, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Lafontaine JD, Kononenko VS (1988) A revision of the Lasionycta skraelingia (Herrich-Schaffer) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Th e Canadian Entomologist 120: 903 - 916.","Crabo LG, Lafontaine JD (2009) A revision of Lasionycta Aurivillius (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) for North America and notes on Eurasian species, with descriptions of 17 new species, 6 new subspecies, a new genus, and two new species of Tricholita Grote. ZooKeys 30: 1 - 155.","McCabe TL (1980) A reclassification of the Polia complex for North America (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). New York State Museum Bulletin 432: 1 - 141.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Smith JB, Dyar HG (1898) Contributions toward a monograph of the lepidopterous family Noctuidae of boreal North America, a revision of the species of Acronycta (Ochs.) and of certain allied genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 21: 1 - 194.","Crumb SE (1956) Th e larvae of the Phalaenidae. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1135: 1 - 356.","Godfrey GL (1972) A review and reclassification of larvae of the subfamily Hadeninae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin 1450, 265 pp.","Forbes WTM (1954) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part III. Noctuidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 329: 1 - 433.","McDunnough JH (1943 a) Hadenine notes and descriptions. Th e Canadian Entomologist 75: 43 - 57.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549.","Hooper RR (1993) Check-list of Saskatchewan moths, Part 11: Penmans, arches, armyworms, and stylus moths. Blue Jay 51: 79 - 84."]}

Carcharodini 1058 * R Pholisora catullus (Fabricius, 1793) Aug ��� ��� G Common Sootywing L: None C: K. Roever collection, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 164, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629

Synchlorini 1398 * R Dichorda rectaria (Grote, 1877) Jun ��� ��� G T: Ferguson (1985a) L: None C: RSM 1399 * R Synchlora aerata (Fabricius, 1798) M Jul ��� E Aug ��� B g T: Ferguson (1985a), McGuffin (1988) L: Ferguson (1985a), McGuffi n (1988) C: CNC, OLDS, UASM 1400 * R Synchlora bistriaria (Packard, 1876) Jul ��� ��� G T: Ferguson (1985a), McGuffin (1988) L: Bowman (1951), Ferguson (1985a), McGuffin (1988) C: CNC,OLDS, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 210, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Ferguson DC (1985 a) Geometroidea: Geometridae: Geometrinae. Fasc. 18.1. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) Th e moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 131 pp. + plates, index.","McGuffin WC (1988) Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera) III, IV, and V. Subfamilies Archiearinae, Oenochrominae, and Geometrinae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 145: 1 - 56.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165."]}

Thyridinae 1055 * R Thyris maculata Harris, 1839 T: Covell (1984) L: None C: UASM M Jun ��� L Jun m ��� G Section 2. Butterflies The butterflies have received considerable attention because of their conspicuous nature. As a result, they are relatively well known, and a vast literature is available for technical and popular audiences. In North America, very few species remain undescribed. However, uncertainty remains about the status of many taxa; some subspecies may prove to be valid species, and there is considerable debate about the status and composition of several genera. As a result, the accepted scientific names of the taxa listed here vary from one publication to another. Th e higher classification used here is based on Pelham (2008), which is expected to become the standard classification for the forseeable future. The butterflies comprise three superfamilies, the Hesperioidea, the Papilionoidea, and the Hedyloidea, which are phylogenetically embedded within the moths. Approximately 17 500 species are known worldwide; this group is particularly diverse in the tropics. Th e superfamily Hedyloidea occurs only in Central and South America. About 800 species of butterflies are known in North America north of Mexico; 175 species are reported from AB. The butterflies of AB have been treated by Bird et al. (1995) and Layberry et al. (1998). A large number of the taxa listed here were also covered in detail by Guppy and Shepard (2001). Th ese references are not listed in the taxonomy sections for the families or the individual species; all three of them are relevant to almost every species listed, and should be consulted in addition to the other references cited. Hesperioidea, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 162-163, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Covell CV Jr (1984) A field guide to moths of eastern North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, Peterson Field Guide Series No. 30, 496 pp.","Pelham JP (2008) A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada with a complete bibliography of the descriptive and systematic literature. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 40: 1 - 652.","Bird CD, Hilchie GJ, Kondla NG, Pike EM, Sperling FAH (1995) Alberta butterflies. The Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, 349 pp.","Layberry RA, Hall PW, Lafontaine JD (1998) The butterflies of Canada. NRC Research Press, Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, in association with University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON, 280 pp.","Guppy CS, Shepard JH (2001) Butterflies of British Columbia. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, BC, 414 pp."]}

Batrachedrinae 196 R H Batrachedra praeangusta (Haworth, 1828) Apr ��� May m B g T: Hodges (1966a), Koster and Sinev (2003) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 74, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Hodges RW (1966 a) Review of the New World species of Batrachedra with description of 3 new genera (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 92: 585 - 651.","Koster S, Sinev S (2003) Microlepidoptera of Europe, Vol. 5. Momphidae s. l. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 387 pp.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549."]}

Heterocampinae 1589.1 * P Heterocampa guttivitta (Walker, 1855) Jun? ��� B ��� T: Forbes (1948) 1590 * R Schizura ipomoeae Doubleday, 1841 Jun ��� b g T: Forbes (1948) L: None C: BCSC, BIRD 1591 R Schizura unicornis (Smith, 1797) M Jun ��� L Jul M B ��� T: Forbes (1948) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1962), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1591.1 * P Schizura concinna (Smith, 1797) Jul? M ��� G T: Forbes (1948) 1592 R Schizura leptinoides (Grote, 1864) L Jun ��� E Aug M B ��� T: Forbes (1948) L: Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1593 R Oligocentria semirufescens (Walker, 1865) M Jul ��� M Aug m B ��� T: Forbes (1948) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1594 * R Oligocentria pallida (Strecker, 1899) E Aug M ��� ��� L: None C: UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 234-235, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Forbes WTM (1948) Th e Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part II. Geometridae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Lymantriidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoirs 274: 1 - 263.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Prentice RM (1962) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 2: Nycteolidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Liparidae. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Publication No. 1013, pp. 77 - 281.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549."]}

Lyonetiinae 124.1 * P Lyonetia saliciella Busck, 1904 M Jun ��� E Aug M ��� ��� 125 * R Lyonetia prunifoliella H��bner, 1796 L May ��� L Jul ��� B g T: Schmitt et al. (1996) L:? Schmitt et al. (1996), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: NFRC 126 * R Paraleucoptera albella (Chambers, 1871) Jun ��� Jul ��� b g Cottonwood Leafminer L: None C: NFRC Gelechioidea, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 66, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Schmitt JJ, Brown MV, Davis DR (1996) Taxonomy, morphology, and biology of Lyonetia prunifoliella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), a leafminer of apple. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89: 334 - 345.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549."]}

Hemileucini 1539 * R Hemileuca nevadensis Stretch, 1872 E Sep ��� b g Nevada Buck Moth T: Ferguson (1971), Tuskes et al. (1996) L: None C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 1540 * R Hemileuca hera (Harris, 1841) Aug ��� ��� G T: Ferguson (1971), Tuskes et al. (1996) L: Tuskes et al. (1996) C: CNC, UASM 1541 * R Hemileuca eglanterina (Boisduval, 1852) M Jun ��� M Jul M ��� ��� T: Ferguson (1971), Tuskes et al. (1996) L: Bowman (1951), Ferguson (1971), Tuskes et al. (1996) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 227, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Ferguson DC (1971) Bombycoidea: Saturniidae. Fasc. 20.2 A. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) Th e moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 1 - 154.","Tuskes PM, Tuttle JP, Collins MM (1996) Th e wild silkmoths of North America: a natural history of the Saturniidae of the United States and Canada. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 250 pp.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165."]}

Dilophonotini 1560 R Hemaris thysbe (Fabricius, 1775) Hummingbird Moth L May ��� M Jun m B g T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: Bowman (1951),? Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1561 * R Hemaris gracilis (Grote and Robinson, 1865) M Jun ��� B g T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: Schmidt and Pohl (2000), Tuttle (2007) C: CNC, UASM 1562 * R Hemaris diffinis (Boisduval, 1836) L May ��� M Jun m B G Snowberry Clearwing T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007) L: Bowman (1951), Hodges (1971) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM 1563 * R Hemaris thetis (Boisduval, 1855) L May ��� M Jun M b ��� T: Hodges (1971), Tuttle (2007), Schmidt (2009a) L: Tuttle (2007), Schmidt (2009a) C: CNC, PMAE, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on pages 230-231, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Hodges RW (1971) Sphingoidea; hawkmoths. Fasc. 21. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) Th e moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 158 pp. + 14 plates.","Tuttle JP (2007) Th e hawk moths of North America. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington D. C., xvii + 253 pp.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Schmidt BC, Pohl GR (2000) Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) of the Canadian Shield ecoregion of Alberta. I. Preliminary survey of the Richardson Dunes, Maybelle River, and Marguerite Crag and Tail Wildland Parks. Report prepared for Natural Resource Service, Alberta Environment, Edmonton, AB, 24 pp. Also available at http: // www. biology. ualberta. ca / old _ site / uasm // alg / projects / inventory _ faunal. html boreal","Schmidt BC (2009 a) Hemaris thetis (Boisduval, 1855) (Sphingidae) is a distinct species. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 63: 100 - 109."]}

Campaeini 1494 R Campaea perlata (Guen��e, [1858]) E Jul ��� M Aug m B g T: McGuffin (1981) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1963), McGuffin (1981), Ives and Wong (1988), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, PMAE, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 221, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["McGuffin WC (1981) Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera) II. Subfamily Ennominae. 3. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 117: 1 - 153.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Prentice RM (1963) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 3: Lasiocampidae, Drepanidae, Th yatiridae, Geometridae. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Bulletin No. 128, pp. 282 - 543.","Ives WGH, Wong HR (1988) Tree and shrub insects of the Prairie provinces. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB, Information Report NOR-X- 292, 327 pp.","Pohl GR, Langor DW, Landry J-F, Spence JR (2004 b) Lepidoptera of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest near Lac La Biche, Alberta, including new provincial records. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 530 - 549."]}

Melanolophiini 1457 R Melanolophia imitata (Walker, 1860) May M ��� ��� T: Rindge (1964), McGuffin (1977) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1963), McGuffin (1977) C: CNC 1457.1 * P Melanolophia signataria (Walker, 1860) Jun? ��� B ��� T: Rindge (1964), McGuffin (1977) 1458 * R Eufidonia convergaria (Walker, 1860) Jun m B ��� T: McGuffin (1977) L: [Bowman (1951)], [Prentice (1963)], McGuffin (1977) C: CNC, NFRC, OLDS, UASM 1459 R Eufidonia discospilata (Walker, 1862) Jun m B ��� T: McGuffin (1977) L: Bowman (1951), Prentice (1963), McGuffin (1977) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM, Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 217, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Rindge FH (1964) A revision of the genera Melanolophia, Pherotesia, and Melanotesia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 126: 241 - 434.","McGuffin WC (1977) Guide to the Geometridae of Canada (Lepidoptera) II. Subfamily Ennominae. 2. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 101: 1 - 191.","Bowman K (1951) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology 29: 121 - 165.","Prentice RM (1963) Forest Lepidoptera of Canada reported by the Forest Insect Survey, Vol. 3: Lasiocampidae, Drepanidae, Th yatiridae, Geometridae. Canada Dept. of Forestry, Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch, Bulletin No. 128, pp. 282 - 543."]}

Oidaematophorini 819 * U Hellinsia fishii (Fernald, 1893) L Jul M – – T: McDunnough (1923a, 1927a) L: McDunnough (1927a) C: Unknown 820 * R Hellinsia gratiosus (Fish, 1881) Jul M – – T: McDunnough (1927a) L: McDunnough (1927a), Bowman (1951) C: CNC 821 R Hellinsia helianthi (Walsingham, 1880) Jul M – – T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC 822 R Hellinsia homodactylus (Walker, 1864) Jun – Jul M B g T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L:? Barnes and Lindsey (1921), Bowman (1951), Pohl et al. (2004b) C: CNC, UASM 823 R Hellinsia elliottii (Fernald, 1893) Jun – Jul M b g T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L: Bowman (1951) C: UASM 824 * R H Hellinsia pectodactylus (Staudinger, 1859) Jun – Aug M b G T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921), Geilis (1996) L:? Barnes and Lindsey (1921), Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 825 R Hellinsia kellicottii (Fish, 1881) E Jun – M Jul M – – T: Cashatt (1972) L: Bowman (1951) C: UASM 826 * R Hellinsia lacteodactylus (Chambers, 1873) M Jun – B g T: McDunnough (1927a), Cashatt (1972) L: McDunnough (1927a) C: CNC 827 * R Hellinsia subochraceus (Walsingham, 1880) M Jul – – G T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L: None C: DAM 828 * R Hellinsia sulphureodactylus (Packard, 1873) M Jul – – G T: McDunnough (1927a) L: None C: CNC 829 R Hellinsia corvus (Barnes and Lindsey, 1921) Jun M – – T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 830 * R Hellinsia arion (Barnes and Lindsey, 1921) L Jul – E Aug – b g T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L: None C: BIRD, DAM 831 R Oidaematophorus occidentalis Walsingham, 1880 Aug M – – T: McDunnough (1939a) L: Bowman (1951) C: UASM 832 R Oidaematophorus balsamorrhizae McDunnough, 1939 Jun – Jul M – – T: McDunnough (1939a) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC 833 R Oidaematophorus mathewianus (Zeller, 1874) Jul – Aug M – – T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 834 * R Oidaematophorus phaceliae McDunnough, 1938 Jul M B G T: McDunnough (1938b) L: McDunnough (1938b), Bowman (1951) C: CNC, NFRC, UASM 835 R Oidaematophorus grisescens Walsingham, 1880 Jul – – G T: McDunnough (1927a) L: McDunnough (1927a), Bowman (1951) C: CNC 836 * R Oidaematophorus rileyi (Fernald, 1898) Jun M – – T: McDunnough (1927a) L: McDunnough (1927a), Bowman (1951) C: Unknown 837 R Oidaematophorus lindseyi McDunnough, 1923 Jul – Aug – B g T: McDunnough (1923a) L: McDunnough (1923a), Bowman (1951) C: UASM 838 * R Oidaematophorus castor Barnes and Lindsey, 1921 L Jun – E Aug M – – T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L: None C: CNC 839 R Oidaematophorus brucei (Fernald, 1898) Jun – Jul M b G T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L:? Barnes and Lindsey (1921), Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 840 R H Emmelina monodactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) Jun – Oct M b g T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921), Geilis (1996) L:? Barnes and Lindsey (1921), Bowman (1951) C: OLDS, UASM 841 R Adaina montanus (Walsingham, 1880) Aug – B g T: Barnes and Lindsey (1921) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC, UASM 842 R Adaina cinerascens (Walsingham, 1880) Jun M – – T: McDunnough (1939a) L: Bowman (1951) C: CNC Copromorphoidea 43. Copromorphidae – tropical fruitworm moths Small (14–25 mm wingspan) cryptically colored moths with moderately broad, round- ed wings. Th ere are no readily distinguishable features, and no clear autapomorphies separate them from the Carposinidae. Larvae are borers or concealed feeders. Approximately 40 species of Copromorphidae are known worldwide, primarily in the tropics. Five species are known from North America; one of these occurs AB. The North American fauna was treated by Heppner (1984, 1986). 843 * R Ellabella editha Busck, 1925 Jun – Jul M – – T: Heppner (1984) L: Bowman (1951), Heppner (1984) C: CNC, NFRC

31. Cosmopterigidae ��� cosmet moths Small (10���18 mm wingspan) moths, most with moderately narrow lanceolate wings. Some species have metallic markings on the forewings. Adults of most species have been collected at lights, but a few are diurnal or crepuscular. Larvae of most species are leafminers, flower bud feeders or seed feeders, or miners and gall formers on stems and roots. A few species are scavengers or predators on scale insects. The family Cosmopterigidae comprises over 1200 described species from all parts of the world. This family is particularly diverse in Hawaii. In continental North America, 183 species are known. Five species are reported from AB, and a few others may occur here as well. Hodges (1978) revised the family for North America; three additional species have been recognized or reported since then., Published as part of Pohl, Greg, Anweiler, Gary, Schmidt, Christian & Kondla, Norbert, 2010, An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada, pp. 1-549 in ZooKeys 38 (38) on page 78, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383, http://zenodo.org/record/576629, {"references":["Hodges RW (1978) Gelechioidea: Cosmopterigidae. Fasc. 6.1. In: Dominick RB, Ferguson DC, Franclemont JG, Hodges RW, Munroe EG (Eds) The moths of America north of Mexico. Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, D. C., 166 pp. + plates, index."]}