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Context: Unanticipated admissions following ambulatory surgery significantly affect hospital admission and operation room flow. Most of the factors responsible for unanticipated admission following ambulatory surgery were preventable. It is, therefore, crucial to improve patient selection criteria and to identify the risk factors for unanticipated admission during preoperative period. These unanticipated admissions have now been considered as quality care indicator and a target to improve healthcare costs. Aims: To assess the reasons and risk factors for unanticipated hospital admission after ambulatory surgery. Settings and Design: Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods and Materials: In this case-control study, cases who were re-admitted within 48 hours following ambulatory surgery were included. The convenience sampling was used to identify controls. Data including patients' demographics, type of anesthesia and surgery, any intraoperative or postoperative complications, etc., were extracted. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics is used to summarize the study variables. Mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables. Percentage and frequencies were used for qualitative variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess risk factors for unanticipated hospital admission after ambulatory surgery. Results: There were 153 cases and 147 controls in this study. The study found postoperative pain as the most common reason for re-admission after ambulatory surgery followed by bleeding, fever, and asthma exacerbation. Multivariate logistic regression showed age, BMI more than 40, and presence of respiratory disease as risk factors (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Age, high BMI more than 40, and presence of respiratory disease increase the risk of unanticipated hospital admission after ambulatory surgery.

Jingning Yang,1 Rashid Menhas,2 Jianhui Dai,1 Tehmina Younas,3 Usama Anwar,4 Waseem Iqbal,4 Rizwan Ahmed Laar,5 Muhammad Muddasar Saeed6 1School of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Center of Sports Social Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Social Security Hospital Gujrat, Punjab, Islamic Republic of Pakistan; 4School of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China; 5College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China; 6International Education College Chinese and Western Medicine Clinic, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Rashid MenhasResearch Center of Sports Social Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail menhas.r@yahoo.comJianhui DaiSchool of Physical Education and Sports, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail sddjh@suda.edu.cnBackground: During the COVID-19 pandemic, cellphone health apps and virtual reality fitness for treating neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s were beneficial. Virtual reality has been used to treat PTSD, depression, anxieties, dementia, ADHD, dyslexia, and pain control in various settings. Virtual reality exercise has been studied for its effects on biological, mental, rehabilitation, behavior, and attitude management.Purpose: This research aimed to find out the role of virtual reality fitness (VRF) for behavior management during the COVID-19 pandemic concerning the demographic characteristics of the study participants and the use of fitness and health apps.Methods: The population for the current study was Chinese residents across China who were in home isolation during the early pandemic in China. According to the study objective, a convenience sampling method was used to collect the primary data through an online survey. SPSS-25 statistical software was used to analyze the demographic information and clean and prepare the data to test all proposed hypotheses. The proposed research framework was examined using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach through SmartPLS 3.0 software.Results: The structural equation model analysis shows that all the proposed hypotheses (H1: β = 0.137, t = 10.454, p = < 0.000; H2: β = 0.256, t = 16.824, p = < 0.000; H3: β = 0.418, t = 27.827, p = < 0.000; H4: β = 0.133, t = 8.913, p = < 0.000; H5: β = 0.076, t = 4.717, p = < 0.000; H6: β = 0.162, t = 10.532, p = < 0.000; H7: β = 0.384, t = 26.645, p = < 0.000) are confirmed.Conclusion: Fitness and health apps with virtual reality fitness play a substantial role in improving the overall quality of life and positively influencing behavior and attitude.Keywords: COVID-19, virtual reality fitness, demographic status, fitness and health apps, behavior and attitude

Background: Various scoring systems help in classifying the patient's risk preoperatively and hence to decide the best available treatment option. ACS-NSQIP score has been introduced in clinical practice for few years. This study was done to find out whether there is any difference between predicted mortality from ACS-NSQIP score and observed mortality in Saudi population. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We included patients undergoing elective and emergency surgical procedures in our hospital. Thirty days mortality data was collected and then observed to expected (O/E) mortality ratio was calculated. The sample size for our study was nine hundred and three (903) patients. Results: The mean ACS-NSQIP mortality risk score (%) for the study was 0.49. Expected number of mortalities was 4.42 while observed mortalities were 11, yielding an O/E ratio of 2.48 (p-value 0.000). We did not find a significant difference between expected and observed mortalities except for ASA class 3 and 4 patients where expected numbers of mortalities were lower than observed (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: ACS-NSQIP can be reliably used for postoperative mortality prediction especially in lower risk groups.

Context: Preoperative fasting is one of the pre‑requisite for patients undergoing a surgery. Despite clear instructions, patients frequently fast for extended periods before elective surgeries. Longer periods of fasting may cause discomfort, thirst, hunger, and other physiological problems. Aims: To assess the quality of postoperative recovery among adult patients having different preoperative fasting hours by using the postoperative Quality of Recovery40 (QoR40) score. Settings and Design: This was an observational study that was conducted for adult patients undergoing elective surgery during four weeks between 19th September and 13th October 2022 at Security Forces Hospital Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods and Material: We excluded pediatric patients, patients undergoing spine or neurosurgery, emergency cases, or local anesthesia cases. Non‑probability convenient sampling technique was used in this study. The postoperative quality of recovery‑40 (QoR‑40) questionnaire was distributed among 200 patients. Statistical Analysis Used: All analyses were performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) v25. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, median, and IQR) were used for the questionnaire’s variables. The difference between the variables was analyzed using Kruskal‑Wallis, and a P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 200 patients, 172 patients responded but 16 responses were excluded. A total of 156 adult patients’ responses were included in this study. The majority were female (53%), 31% were older than 45 years. More than 50% of patients reported fasting for more than 6 hours for drinking and more than 8 hours for eating. On the positive scale, the comfort score was significantly affected by the fasting hours for drinking (P value = 0.045). On the negative scale of the questionnaire, the emotions were significantly affected by fasting hours for both drinking (P value = 0.027) and eating (P value = 0.043). Conclusions: The study results showed better comfort for patients with lesser fasting hours for drinking. Moreover, the results strongly suggest the need of following the fasting guidelines without prolonging the fasting duration. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that hydrogen has less undesirable exhaust emissions as compared with other types of liquid fuels. It can be used as an alternative fuel for a hybrid buoyant aircraft in which half of the gross takeoff weight is balanced by the aerostatic lift. In the present study, weight advantage of liquid hydrogen as an ideal fuel has been explored for its further utilization in such aircraft. Existing relationships for the estimation of zero lift drag of airship is discussed with special focus on the utilization of such analytical relationships for the aircraft whose fuselage resembles with the hull of an airship. Taking the analytical relationship of aircraft and airship design as a reference, existing relationships for estimation of power budget are systematically re-derived for defined constraints of rate of climb, maximum velocity and takeoff ground roll. It is perceived that when the propulsion sizing for liquid hydrogen is required, then the presented framework for estimation of its power budget will provide a starting point for the analysis. An example for estimation of the power requirement is also presented as a test case.

Directional stability characteristics explain the capabilities of a hybrid buoyant aircraft’s performance against the side wind, which induces flow separation that is chaotic in nature and may lead to oscillations of the aerodynamic surfaces. A numerical study is carried out to estimate the effect of side wind. The boundary conditions for the computational domain are set to velocity inlet and pressure outlet. Due to the incompressible flow at the cruise velocity, the density is taken to be constant. For these steady state simulations, the time is discretized in first order implicit and the SIMPLE scheme is employed for pressure velocity coupling alongwith k-ω SST model. Based on the results obtained so far, it is concluded that voluminous hybrid lifting fuselage is the major cause of directional.

Dorsal fin is used in swimming animals like shark for the generation of thrust as well as to meet the requirement of the lateral stability. In the case of aircraft, rudders are normally used for the said requirement. In the present work, this nature inspired idea is explored for its application to neutralize the unavoidable asymmetric thrust produced by the twin engines of a hybrid buoyant aircraft. First, the estimation of asymmetric thrust is obtained with the help of analytical techniques for maximum thrust condition at 4 degree angle of attack. The moment generated by it is utilized for the sizing of a dorsal fin which looks similar to a tapered wing and is placed aft of the center of gravity. Wind tunnel testing at subsonic speed is carried out to explore the design features of this rotatable dorsal fin. It is found that a small rotation of 5 degree can generate the required moment. However, such rotation requires a complete pneumatic/electro-mechanical system and an alternative of it is to use a cambered airfoil for the dorsal fin installed at fixed location. Such a flow controlling device can also be used as an antenna mast, which is commonly installed out the fuselage of the aircraft for communication purposes. Moreover, by incorporating this technique, a pilot doesn’t have to put an extra effort to make the aircraft stable in the presence of side wind.

Wing alone models are usually tested in wind tunnels for aerospace applications like aircraft and hybrid buoyant aircraft. Raw data obtained from such testing is subject to different corrections such as wall interference, blockage, offset in angle of attack, dynamic pressure and free stream velocity etc. Since the flow is constrained by wind tunnel walls, therefore special emphasis is required to deliberate the limitation of correction methods for blockage correction. In the present research work, different aspects of existing correction methods are explored with the help of an example of a straight semi-span wing. Based on the results of analytical relationships of standard methods, it was found that although multiple variables are involved in the standard methods for the estimation of blockage, they are based on linearized flow theory such as source sink method and potential flow assumption etc, which have intrinsic limitations. Based on the computed and estimated experimental results, it is recommended to obtain the corrections by adding the difference in results of solid walls and far-field condition in the wind tunnel data. Computational Fluid Dynamics technique is found to be useful to determine the correction factors for a wing installed at zero spacer height/gap, with and without the tunnel wall.

Wood anatomy of 15-year-old Acacia mangium, Khaya ivorensis and Hopea odorata were studied. Trees were extracted from three different localities which were Bukit Hari, Forest Research Institute Malaysia with Renggam series soil, Bidor, Perak an examining land and Setiu, Pahang with bris soil. The results showed that the Khaya ivorensis and Hopea odorata trees planted in Bidor showed better in anatomical properties compared to other localities. Whereas the Acacia mangium tree planted in the Bukit Hari showed better anatomical properties than the other localities. This indicates that different localities and their soil conditions could affect the wood anatomical properties. Khaya ivorensis and Hopea odorata shows better anatomical properties in the ex-mining soil compared to other localities whilst Acacia mangium show better in anatomical properties in Renggam series soil compared to other localities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major problem in cotton-wheat cropping system is delayed harvesting of cotton which results in late planting of wheat. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted on relay wheat in standing cotton that comprised of three different seeding densities (100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1) and four seed soaking durations (0, 6, 12 and 18 hours). The experiment was designed in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement having three replications. The interactive effect of seed rates and seed soaking duration on emergence count, leaf area index, spikelet's per spike, grains per spike and grain yield were significant. Wheat sown with seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 and 12 hrs of seed soaking produced significantly higher yield than all other combinations except for 125 kg ha-1seed rate and 12 and 18 hrs of seed soakings. In conclusion, the productivity of relay wheat in standing cotton can be enhanced by using seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 along with seed soaking duration of 12 hours [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Marble Slurry Wastes (MSW) produced by marble industry is left unattended in the environment which causes serious environmental problems. In order to evaluate its potential usage in normal 1:2:4 concrete, this study was designed, where the partial replacement of cement with MSW was examined. Replacement of cement with MSW from 0 to 100%, and also its usage as an additive material 10% and 20% by weight of cement were the main objectives of this study. Various laboratory tests, like compressive strength test, splitting tensile test and slump test were conducted by using local available MSW. The primary chemical composition of the MSW indicated that it contains high contents, nearly 97% of lime (CaO). The laboratory results show that cement in structural concrete can be replaced by MSW up to 7% safely. The compressive and splitting tensile strength of concrete was observed to be increased by 15% and 6% by the addition of 10% MSW. A similarly increase in strength was also observed by adding the 20% of MSW additionally to the normal 1:2:4 concrete. However, by the addition of MSW in concrete, its slump strength i.e., its workability is found to be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the mechanical properties of sentang (Azadirachta excelsa) wood cut from trees that were planted by vegetative propagation, their variations along tree height and also between sapwood and heartwood. The correlation between selected anatomical properties as well as density and mechanical properties were also presented. There was no significant difference in modulus of rupture between wood from seedling and rooted- cutting trees. However, wood from rooted-cutting trees showed higher modulus of elasticity compared with wood from seedling trees. On the other hand, compression and shear parallel to the grain were significantly higher in wood planted from seedling compared with wood from rooted-cutting trees. There was an increase in mechanical properties at the bottom portion towards the top irrespective of the planting technique. Mechanical properties were higher in heartwood than in sapwood. Mechanical properties were correlated with anatomical properties rather than density. Rooted cutting could be a promising method for planting sentang, apart from seedling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]