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1. A Systematic Review of Online Exams Solutions in E-learning: Techniques, Tools and Global Adoption

Author

Muzaffar, Abdul Wahab, Tahir, Muhammad, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Chaudry, Qaiser, Mir, Shamaila Rasheed, and Rasheed, Yawar

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society
Abstract

E-learning in higher education is exponentially increased during the past decade due to its inevitable benefits in critical situations like natural disasters, and pandemic. The reliable, fair, and seamless execution of online exams in E-learning is highly significant. Particularly, online exams are conducted on E-learning platforms without the physical presence of students and instructors at the same place. This poses several issues like integrity and security during online exams. To address such issues, researchers frequently proposed different techniques and tools. However, a study summarizing and analyzing latest developments, particularly in the area of online examination, is hard to find in the literature. In this article, an SLR for online examination is performed to select and analyze 53 studies published during the last five years. Subsequently, five leading online exams features targeted in the selected studies are identified and underlying development approaches for the implementation of online exams solutions are explored. Furthermore, 16 important techniques and 11 datasets are presented. In addition, 21 online exams tools proposed in the selected studies are identified. Additionally, 25 leading existing tools used in the selected studies are also presented. Finally, the participation of countries in online exam research is investigated. Key factors for the global adoption of online exams are identified and investigated. This facilitates the selection of right online exam system for a particular country on the basis of existing E-learning infrastructure and overall cost. To conclude, the findings of this article provide a solid platform for the researchers and practitioners of the domain to select appropriate features along with underlying development approaches, tools and techniques for the implementation of a particular online exams solution as per given requirements., Comment: 41 pages, 7 figures, 13 tables

Published
2020

4. Blended Graphical and Textual Modelling of UML-RT State-Machines: An Industrial Experience

Author

Latifaj, Malvina, Ciccozzi, Federico, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Mohlin, Mattias, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Scandurra, Patrizia, editor, Galster, Matthias, editor, Mirandola, Raffaela, editor, and Weyns, Danny, editor

Published
2022
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5. Blended Modeling Applied to the Portable Test and Stimulus Standard

Author

Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Latifaj, Malvina, Ciccozzi, Federico, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Latifi, Shahram, editor

Published
2022
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7. Software patterns and data structures for the runtime coordination of robots, with a focus on real-time execution performance.

Author

Artigas, Maria I., Rodrigues, Romulo T., Vanderseypen, Lars, Bruyninckx, Herman, Zielinski, Cezary, Cicchetti, Antonio, and Anwar, Muhammad Waseem

Subjects
FINITE state machines, PETRI nets, PERCEIVED control (Psychology), DECISION making, ROBOTS
Abstract

This paper introduces software patterns (registration, acquire-release, and cache awareness) and data structures (Petri net, finite state machine, and protocol flag array) to support the coordinated execution of software activities (also called "components" or "agents"). Moreover, it presents and tests an implementation for Petri nets that supports real-time execution in shared memory for deployment inside one individual robot and separates event firing and handling, enabling distributed deployment between multiple robots. Experimental validation of the introduced patterns and data structures is performed within the context of activities for task execution, control and perception, and decision making for an application on coordinated navigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. A Model-Driven Framework for Optimum Application Placement in Fog Computing Using a Machine Learning Based Approach

Author

Arif, Madeha, Azam, Farooque, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Rasheed, Yawar, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Lopata, Audrius, editor, Butkienė, Rita, editor, Gudonienė, Daina, editor, and Sukackė, Vilma, editor

Published
2020
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9. A Novel Model Driven Framework for Image Enhancement and Object Recognition

Author

Rasheed, Yawar, Abbas, Muhammad, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Butt, Wasi Haider, Fatima, Urooj, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Lopata, Audrius, editor, Butkienė, Rita, editor, Gudonienė, Daina, editor, and Sukackė, Vilma, editor

Published
2020
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12. A Meta-Model for Regression Testing of Fintech Web Applications

Author

Malik, Muhammad Saqlain Haider, Azam, Farooque, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Kiran, Ayesha, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Mejia, Jezreel, editor, Muñoz, Mirna, editor, Rocha, Álvaro, editor, and A. Calvo-Manzano, Jose, editor

Published
2020
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13. A UML Profile for the Service Discovery in the Enterprise Cloud Bus (ECB) Framework

Author

Zahoor, Misbah, Azam, Farooque, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Yousaf, Nazish, Kashif, Muhammad, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Barolli, Leonard, editor, Hussain, Farookh Khadeer, editor, and Ikeda, Makoto, editor

Published
2020
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14. A Model-Driven Approach for Load-Balanced MQTT Protocol in Internet of Things (IoT)

Author

Anwer, Humaira, Azam, Farooque, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Rashid, Muhammad, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Barolli, Leonard, editor, Hussain, Farookh Khadeer, editor, and Ikeda, Makoto, editor

Published
2020
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15. A Multi-purpose Model Driven Platform for Contingency Planning and Shaping Response Measures

Author

Ahmad, Mukhtar, Azam, Farooque, Rasheed, Yawar, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Ahmad, Muhammad Waqas, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Saeed, Khalid, editor, and Dvorský, Jiří, editor

Published
2020
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16. AutoNet: Meta-model for Seamless Integration of Timed Automata and Colored Petri Nets

Author

Ahmad, Muhammad Waqas, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Azam, Farooque, Rasheed, Yawar, Ghani, Usman, Ahmad, Mukhtar, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Saeed, Khalid, editor, and Dvorský, Jiří, editor

Published
2020
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18. Extending Interaction Flow Modeling Language (IFML) for Android User Interface Components

Author

Fatima, Iffat, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Azam, Farooque, Maqbool, Bilal, Tufail, Hanny, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Yuan, Junsong, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Damaševičius, Robertas, editor, and Vasiljevienė, Giedrė, editor

Published
2019
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19. A Comprehensive Investigation of BPMN Models Generation from Textual Requirements—Techniques, Tools and Trends

Author

Maqbool, Bilal, Azam, Farooque, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Butt, Wasi Haider, Zeb, Jahan, Zafar, Iqra, Nazir, Aiman Khan, Umair, Zuneera, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Jiming, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Ruediger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Hirche, Sandra, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Möller, Sebastian, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zhang, Junjie James, Series Editor, Kim, Kuinam J., editor, and Baek, Nakhoon, editor

Published
2019
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20. A Systematic Review of Adaptive and Responsive Design Approaches for World Wide Web

Author

Yousaf, Nazish, Butt, Wasi Haider, Azam, Farooque, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Arai, Kohei, editor, Kapoor, Supriya, editor, and Bhatia, Rahul, editor

Published
2019
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21. A Comprehensive Investigation of Formal System Verification Tools and Approaches

Author

Yousaf, Nazish, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Azam, Farooque, Butt, Wasi Haider, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Arai, Kohei, editor, Kapoor, Supriya, editor, and Bhatia, Rahul, editor

Published
2019
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22. UML Profiling for Software Systems in Medical Device Manufacturing

Author

Minhas, Muhammad Asim, Azam, Farooque, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Qasim, Iqra, Tufail, Hanny, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Saeed, Khalid, editor, Chaki, Rituparna, editor, and Janev, Valentina, editor

Published
2019
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23. A Model-Driven Approach for Simplified Cluster Based Test Suite Optimization of Industrial Systems – An Introduction to UMLTSO

Author

Kiran, Ayesha, Azam, Farooque, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Qasim, Iqra, Tufail, Hanny, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Saeed, Khalid, editor, Chaki, Rituparna, editor, and Janev, Valentina, editor

Published
2019
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27. An Introduction to UMLPDSV for Real-Time Dynamic Signature Verification

Author

Samea, Fatima, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Azam, Farooque, Khan, Mehreen, Shinwari, Muhammad Fahad, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Series Editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series Editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series Editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series Editor, Washio, Takashi, Series Editor, Yuan, Junsong, Series Editor, Zhou, Lizhu, Series Editor, Ghosh, Ashish, Series Editor, Damaševičius, Robertas, editor, and Vasiljevienė, Giedrė, editor

Published
2018
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28. A Model-Driven Approach for Access Control in Internet of Things (IoT) Applications – An Introduction to UMLOA

Author

Khan, Mehreen, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Azam, Farooque, Samea, Fatima, Shinwari, Muhammad Fahad, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Series Editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series Editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series Editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series Editor, Washio, Takashi, Series Editor, Yuan, Junsong, Series Editor, Zhou, Lizhu, Series Editor, Ghosh, Ashish, Series Editor, Damaševičius, Robertas, editor, and Vasiljevienė, Giedrė, editor

Published
2018
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47. A Novel Model-driven Framework for the Development of Web-based Geographical Information Systems

Author

Hayat, Z., Azam, F., Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Rasheed, Y., Hayat, Z., Azam, F., Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, and Rasheed, Y.

Abstract

Web-based Geographical Information Systems (Web-GIS) aim to store, analyze, and disseminate geospatial information, enabling effective decision-making. However, their development requires professional expertise and incurs high development costs, resulting in resource limitations for many organizations in developing their own GIS. To address these challenges, we propose a Geo-Location System (GLS) Framework with a Model-driven approach that will ease the developers to automatically develop their customized Web-GIS using Google Maps API. The framework incorporates a GLS meta-model encompassing essential concepts for Web-GIS development and proposes two novel features using OCL constraints to enhance the framework's capabilities. The framework also includes a customized tree editor and a graphical modeling tool that allows the easy modeling and visualization of any complex Web-GIS. Moreover, the framework provides an Acceleo transformation engine that automatically transforms models into executable Web code. The resulting source code is browser-ready without manual modifications. The proposed framework is validated with a real-world case study which demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing the overall development complexity, cost, and time.

Published
2023
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48. Comparison of Leading Language Parsers - ANTLR, JavaCC, SableCC, Tree-sitter, Yacc, Bison

Author

Latif, A., Azam, F., Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Zafar, A., Latif, A., Azam, F., Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, and Zafar, A.

Abstract

Software engineering applications in domains like embedded systems and health care have increased exponentially during the last few years. Developing, analyzing, and customization of languages is one of the core software engineering aspects. This usually involves lexical, syntactical, and semantic operations, technically termed parsing. For this, several parsers have been introduced in state-of-the-art. However, due to diverse features, selecting a parser for a particular operation during software engineering applications is always problematic. In this article, we identified six leading parsers (i.e., ANTLR, JavaCC, SableCC, Tree-sitter, Yacc, and Bison) from the state-of-the-art. Furthermore, we also identified significant parser features to perform meaningful comparative analysis. Results indicate that ANTLR and JavaCC provide enhanced parsing features, such as the parsing algorithm and the extended grammar notation. However, JavaCC is suitable for simple grammar definition, whereas ANTLR allows specifying complex grammar with multiple alternative paths. The findings of this article are highly beneficial for researchers and practitioners while selecting the right parser to perform specific software engineering tasks.

Published
2023
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49. Enabling Blended Modelling of Timing and Variability in EAST-ADL

Author

Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Ciccozzi, Federico, Bucaioni, Alessio, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Ciccozzi, Federico, and Bucaioni, Alessio

Abstract

EAST-ADL is a domain-specific modelling language for the design and analysis of vehicular embedded systems. Seamless modelling through multiple concrete syntaxes for the same language, known as blended modelling, offers enhanced modelling flexibility to boost collaboration, lower modelling time, and maximise the productivity of multiple diverse stakeholders involved in the development of complex systems, such as those in the automotive domain. Together with our industrial partner, which is one of the leading contributors to the definition of EAST-ADL and one of its main end-users, we provided prototypical blended modelling features for EAST-ADL. In this article, we report on our language engineering work towards the provision of blended modelling for EAST-ADL to support seamless graphical and textual notations. Notably, for selected portions of the EAST-ADL language (i.e., timing and variability packages), we introduce ad-hoc textual concrete syntaxes to represent the language's abstract syntax in alternative textual notations, preserving the language's semantics. Furthermore, we propose a full-fledged runtime synchronisation mechanism, based on the standard EAXML schema format, to achieve seamless change propagation across the two notations. As EAXML serves as a central synchronisation point, the proposed blended modelling approach is workable with most existing EAST-ADL tools. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a car wiper use case from our industrial partner - Volvo. Results indicate that the proposed blended modelling approach is effective and can be applied to other EAST-ADL packages and supporting tools.

Published
2023
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50. Blended Modelling for Software Architectures

Author

Latifaj, Malvina, Ciccozzi, Federico, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Aslam, K., Malavolta, I., Latifaj, Malvina, Ciccozzi, Federico, Anwar, Muhammad Waseem, Aslam, K., and Malavolta, I.

Abstract

Blended modelling is an emerging trend in Model-Driven Engineering for complex software architectures. It enables the modelling of diverse architectural aspects through multiple editing notations seamlessly, interchangeably, and collaboratively. Blended modelling is expected to significantly improve productivity and user experience for multiple stakeholders. To manually architect and build a blended modelling environment is not trivial. To support architects in this task, in the scope of the ITEA3 BUMBLE project, we have designed and developed a blended modelling framework that aids architects in designing and semi-automatically generating blended modelling environments for architecting software.

Published
2023
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