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To reduce the abusive apply of artificial organic pesticides with discernment, biodegradable bio-pesticides origin from plants were used as an alternative phytosanitary method against crop pests. This experimentation allowed testing in vitro the bio-insecticidal activity of Anvillea radiata Coss and Dur (Asteraceae), endemic plant from the southeastern Algeria, against the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758). Three concentrations were tested (D1= 5mg/ml, D2= 2.5mg/ml and D3= 1.25mg/ml) with the butanolic and chloroformic extracts. The results showed a mortality rate of R. padi varying significantly by treatment and concentration according to the tested substances. The quantitative analysis of the two extracts shows that the crude butanolic extract is rich in polyphenols (348.935±7.456 µg EAG/mg MS) compared to the crude chloroformic extract (56.754±0.982 µg EAG/mg MS). Samely to the insecticidal effect tested, the concentration of 5 mg/ml presented an important insecticidal activity with the butanolic extract (62%) higher than the chloroformic extract (26%). Also, the lethal doses (LC50) of the crude butanolic extract were estimated by 23.07 mg/ml, 6.71 mg/ml and 5.70 mg/ml respectively after 24, 48 and 72hours of the treatment.

Background:Algeria has a particular geographical position with a wide band of very varied vegetation including the aromatic and medicinal plants. These plants are able to produce much diversified natural compounds, which can be very useful health care and treatment of diseases.Objective:This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of Anvillea radiata (Asteraceae) extracts, one of the medicinal plants used as food and in folk medicine in Algeria.Methods:The extraction was carried on the aerial part by methanol and water to give Met.E and Aq.E. The ABTS and DPPH free radicals-scavenging tests are used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of extracts. Moreover, the antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method. Finally, the extracts were subject to the phytochemical analysis using the HPLC-TOF/MS equipment.Results:The Met.E showed the highest amount of total phenolic and flavonoids content (266.12 µg EAG/mg E and 50.83 µg EQ/mg E, respectively). The results of the antioxidant activity revealed that the Met.E showed a good scavenging activity against ABTS and DPPH free radical with EC50=0.067 mg/ml and EC50=0.33 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the A. radiata extracts present a highest antibacterial activity against M. luteus NRRL B-4375, B. subtilis NRRL NRS-744 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, with inhibition zone ranging from 18 to 23 mm to Met.E and 12-18 mm to the Aq.E. In addition, the Met.E of A. radiata showed a better MIC against S. aureus, M. luteus and B. subtilis (MIC= 6.25, 25 and 25 µg/ml, respectively). The HPLC-TOF/MS analysis of Met.E reveals the presence of two major compounds, rutin and fumaric acid, when Aq.E contains the syringic acid as a major compound.Conclusion:The data of our study reported that the Met.E extract of A. radiata had a considerable antioxidant capacity and antibacterial effect, which may be due to their richness by phenolic compounds such as rutin and fumaric acid.

The antioxidant, anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, anti-α-glucosidase, cytotoxic, antifungal and antibacterial activities of Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) extracts and three compounds isolated from Anvillea radiata (Asteracea); two epimer germacranolides 9α-hydroxyparthenolide(1), 9β-hydroxyparthenolide(2) and a phenolic acid; 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3), were evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed using two methods (DPPH and ABTS). In the DPPH and ABTS methods, EtOAc extract exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 0.0026 mg/mL and 0.0011 mg/mL, respectively. This extract and the two germacranolides (1) and (2) exhibited considerable anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities, 9α-hydroxyparthenolide(1) exhibited the highest effect with values of IC50 = 0.025 mg/mL and % of inhibition = 79.55%, respectively. Compound 3 displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 = 0.09 mg/mL. The antibacterial effect of the isolated compounds and the studied extracts was rated limited. The two compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a high cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cancer cell lines with growth inhibition of 98.12% and 78.50%, respectively at 50 μM but showed a moderate cytotoxic effect towards OVCAR-3 cell lines. These results suggest that A.radiata has several biological activities and could provide a potential natural source of bioactive compounds and be beneficial to the human health and as source of natural antioxidants in food industry.

The secondary metabolites of selected genera of the Iranian Asteraceae family are reviewed and their biological activities are discussed. Asteraceae also called Compositae, is a very large and widespread family of flowering plants. The family currently has 32,913 accepted species, which are allocated into 1911 genera in 13 subfamilies. Compared with other plant families, more plants from the Asteraceae family have been used for medicinal purposes; this is likely because of their wide range of biologically active compounds that have medicinal properties and the fact that Asteraceae is one of the largest plant families. In this article, the chemical constituents and biological activities of 21 selected genera of the Iranian Asteraceae family, Achillea, Acroptilon, Anthemis, Anvillea, Artemisia, Carduus, Carthamus, Centaurea, Cousinia, Dittrichia, Helichrysum, Jurinea, Jurinella, Onopordon, Postia, Pulicaria, Seratula, Tanacetum, Thevenotia, Varthemia and Xanthium are discussed. Materials and methods Relevant data was obtained through systematic electronic searches of various scientific databases, including the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI)-Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed, as well as texts and local books. Results A variety of ethnopharmacological properties of the Iranian Asteraceae family have been documented and a broad spectrum of medicinal applications and phytochemicals of the essential oils and extracts of these genera have been identified.

Five new flat mite species (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) are described and illustrated. These are Aegyptobia anvillea sp. nov. from Anvillea garcinii (Asteraceae) and Pulicaria undulata (Asteraceae); Aegyptobia lippii sp. nov. from Helianthemum lippii (Cistaceae); Aegyptobia rafiqi sp. nov. from Convulvulus oxyphyllus (Convolvulaceae); Aegyptobia saudiensis sp. nov. from Heliotropium bacciferum (Boraginaceae) and Aegyptobia spinosa sp. nov. from Pulicaria undulate (Asteraceae) and Zilla spinosa (Brassicaceae) from Riyadh province of Saudi Arabia. All these five species belong to the tragardhi species group. Two species, i.e. Phytoptipalpus eupharatica (Al-Gboory) comb. nov. and P. populus (Papaioannou-Souliotis) comb. nov., are transferred from the genus Aegyptobia to Phytoptipalpus Tragardh on the basis of two pairs of anal setae. Aegyptobia baccharis Baker & Tuttle is considered as a junior synonym of A. crotonae Baker & Tuttle. A key to species of the genus Aegyptobia is provided.http:...

Phenolic compounds were selectively extracted from aerial parts of Anvillea radiata using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) in two steps. Given the two molecular families (flavonoids and germacranolides) described as present in the plant material, a first extraction step using chloroform as the extraction solvent was carried out to remove the germacranolides, the most abundant compounds. The minor phenolic compounds were then selectively extracted and enriched from the plant residue by methanol. Characterization of twenty five phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract was performed using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and HPLC-HRMS analyses. Seven compounds corresponded to chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives and eighteen flavonoids (from which five aglycones and thirteen glycosides) were identified and some of them for the first time. The presence of these phenolic compounds, identified in the whole aerial parts, was then followed in each organ (flower, leave and stem). The chromatographic profiles of the stem and leave were very close, while the flower one was more different. However most of the compounds identified in aerial parts were recovered in each organ, mainly difference on peak intensity could be observed. The most abundant compound in flowers was found to be a di-caffeoylquinic acid derivative while isorhamnetin and spinacitin diglucoside derivatives were the most abundant ones in stems and leaves.

International audience; An ethnopharmacological survey was performed in the Ouargla region (northeast of Algerian Sahara) to document ethnomedicinal knowledge and to catalogue the medicinal plants used to treat diabetes mellitus. We conducted in-person interviews of 289 diabetic patients, 25 herbalists and 10 healers in eight different areas of the Ouargla region. The results indicate that phytotherapy was always practiced to treat disease (60.90%), especially diabetes. Among the type 2 diabetes interviewees, 58 patients (44.27%) used only medicinal plants. Seventy-nine percent of plant users (176) were satisfied with herbal medicine i.e. 74% of the men and only 45.90% of the women. This could be explained by a high education level for the women. A total of 67 plant species that belong to 32 families were mentioned and were used to prepare 130 different formulations for treating diabetes and foot ulcers. Among the 13 most frequently cited species, only 3 were cultivated. More than 34 of the species are wild septentrional Sahara species. Thirteen species (19.40%) are endemic; three of them are reported for the first time as hypoglycaemic plants: Matricaria pubescens, Oudneya africana and Rhanterium adpressum. For nine species, we could not locate experimental data on anti-diabetic activity. Sixty six species are used to treat diabetes, while fifty one are used to treat symptoms that might be related to diabetes (especially foot ulcers). Anvillea radiata, Ammodaucus leucotrichus, Artemisia herba-alba and Citrullus colocynthis have the highest values of relative frequency citation (RFC), informant consensus factor (Fic) and use value (UV). They are the most used plant to decrease level of blood glucose and to treat foot ulcer. The new endemic plant species highlighted in the study could reveal an interest for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies

A series of novel spiropyrazoles and spiroisoxazolines was efficiently synthesized. Structural modifications were performed at the C-9 and C-13 positions of 9α- and 9β-hydroxyparthenolide, which were isolated from the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The structures and stereochemistry of the cycloadducts were fully established by spectroscopic methods including X-ray diffraction data.

INTRODUCTION Anvillea radiata Coss. & Durieu (Asteraceae) is an endemic plant from North Africa (Morocco and Algeria). This plant has many traditional uses including treatment of obesity and diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Anvillea radiata (A. radiata) leaves on both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats treated at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for fifteen days. In addition, a preliminary pytochemical screening for various components was realized. RESULTS The blood glucose levels were lowered in diabetic rats treated with A. radiata, but no effect was observed in normal rats. Single oral administration of A. radiata reduced blood glucose levels from 22.15±0.98 mmol/L to 14.00±1.89 mmol/L (p

International audience; Motivated by the widely reported anticancer activity of parthenolides and their derivatives, a series of new substituted parthenolides was efficiently synthesized. Structural modifications were performed at the C-9 and C-13 positions of 9 alpha- and 9 beta-hydroxyparthenolide, which were isolated from the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. Twenty-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HS-683, SK-MEL-28, A549, and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines using the MTT colorimetric assay. Among the derivatives, seven exhibited excellent activity compared to 5-fluorouracil and etoposide against the four cell lines tested, with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 9.4 mu M. [GRAPHICS] .

Ethnopharmacological relevance According to Saharian traditional medicine, Anvillea radiata Coss. & Dur. (Asteraceae) has been valued for treating a variety of ailments such as gastro-intestinal, liver and pulmonary diseases, and has gained awareness for its beneficial effect on postprandial hyperglycemia. However, to best of our knowledge, no detailed study of the antidiabetic curative effects of this plant has been conducted yet. Aim of the study To determine the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of dietary supplementation with Anvillea radiata extracts on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6 J mice in relation with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pancreatic beta-cells and skeletal muscle protection, and digestive enzyme inhibiting properties. Materials and methods Six extracts (water soluble and organic) from aerial parts of the plant were analyzed phytochemically (total phenolic and flavonoid content) and screened for in vitro superoxide (by chemiluminescence) and hydroxyl radical (by electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping) scavenging, antioxidant (DPPH, TRAP and ORAC assays), xanthine oxidase, metal chelating, α -amylase and α -glucosidase inhibitory property, and protective effects on copper-induced lipoprotein oxidation. Then selected hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts were assessed for toxicity in normal human lung fibroblasts and A549 cancer cells using FMCA and MTT assays. Two water-soluble extracts having the best overall properties were assessed for their (i) protective effect at 1−15 µg/mL on metabolic activity of rat insulinoma-derived INS-1 cells exposed to hyperglycemic medium, and (ii) acute hypoglycemic effect on 16-weeks HFD-induced diabetic mice. Then diabetic mice were administered HFD supplemented by extracts (up to 150 mg/kg/day) for 12 additional weeks using standard diet as control and the antidiabetic drug, metformin (150 mg/kg), as positive control. Then the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of extracts were determined. Results Of the highly efficient polyphenolics-enriched hydroalcoholic and ethyl acetate extracts, the lyophilized aqueous (AQL) and butanol extracts were not toxic in cells (≤ 400 µg/mL) or when given orally in normal mice (≤ 2000 mg/kg), exerted a dose-dependent hypoglycemic action in diabetic mice, which was maximal at the dose of 150 mg/kg. Upon administering this dose for 12 weeks, both extracts significantly ameliorated body weight control capacity, recovery of plasma glucose and insulin level, reduced oxidative stress in blood, myocardial and skeletal muscles, and improved hyperlipidemic and inflammatory status. Moreover, diabetes-related complications were optimally ameliorated by oral therapy based on halved doses (75 mg/kg) of a mixture of AQL and metformin. Conclusions Current investigation supports the traditional medicinal usage of Anvillea radiata and suggests that both readily accessible and low-cost bio-extracts have the potency to develop an antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and protective agent against beta-cells and muscle dysfunction at doses compatible with the common practices of indigenous people for the management of metabolic disorders.

A series of 9α-hydroxyamino-parthenolides 3-10, 9β-hydroxyamino-parthenolides 11-13 and 9α-hydroxy-1β,10α-epoxyamino-parthenolides 15-19 were efficiently synthesized starting from 9α-hydroxyparthenolide 1 and 9β-hydroxyparthenolide 2, which were isolated from Anvillea radiata. Compounds 1-13 and 15-19 were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity by the MTT colorimetric assay against one murine and six human cancer cell lines. This work provides new details about the structural requisites for anticancer activity.

UNLABELLED The aim of this work was to find an alternative to chemical fungicides currently used in the control of postharvest citrus fruit diseases. In this study, we screened eight Moroccan medicinal and aromatic plants extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol for their anti-fungal activity against Penicillium italicum, the causal agent of citrus blue mould. The anti-fungal activity of these extracts was tested based on the disc diffusion method. Petroleum ether extracts of Inula viscosa, Asteriscus graveolens, Bubonium odorum and Thymus leptobotrys and chloroformic extract of Anvillea radiata revealed the highest significant anti-fungal activity with inhibition zones that ranged between 25·83 and 28·33 mm in diameter. In the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) study, we observed that petroleum ether extract of I. viscosa was the most effective extract with both the significantly largest halo (27·50 mm) and the lowest MIC (1 mg ml(-1)). The most active plant extracts in in vitro studies were tested in vivo, and results indicated that solvent extracts of the selected plant species significantly decreased the incidence and severity of blue mould, after 7 and 10 days of storage at 20°C. In addition, Halimium umbellatum methanol extract and T. leptobotrys petroleum ether extract completely inhibited the development of P. italicum under both storage periods, and no phytotoxic effects were recorded on citrus fruit. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates that plant extracts have a high potential to control blue mould of citrus and will provide a starting point for discovering new compounds with better activity than chemical fungicides currently available. Such natural products therefore represent a sustainable alternative to the use of chemical fungicides.

The catalytic acid rearrangement of 9α-hydroxyparthenolide (1), the main constituent of Anvillea radiata, has been studied. Several new sesquiterpene compounds were obtained and their structures were fully elucidated. A mechanism to explain the formation of these compounds is proposed.

The aerial parts of Anvillea radiata yielded a new germacranolide, 8α,9α-epoxyparthenolide ( 3 ), together with two known compounds, 9α-hydroxyparthenolide ( 1 ) and parthenolid-9-one ( 2 ). The structures of the compounds were elucidated from IR, HRMS, 1 H and 13 C-NMR, COSY, HETCOR, HMBC and HOHAHA spectral data. The major component 1 was tested for its cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity.

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves and flowers of Anvillea garcini (Burm.) DC. growing wild in the southern region of Iran (near the Persian Gulf) were investigated by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents of the leaf oil were α-pinene (16.1%), limonene (12.9%) and sabinene (12.5%). The flower oil was found to contain bornyl acetate (41.5%), camphene (12.4%) sabinene (8.3%), α-pinene (7.5%) and limonene (6.5%) as the major constituents. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using the well diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging 2.5–10 mg/mL.

The aerial parts of Anvillea garcinii yielded two new germacranolides, 9 alpha-hydroxy-1 beta, 10 alpha-epoxyparthenolide (4) and parthenolid-9-one (5), in addition to the known 9 alpha-hydroxyparthenolide (1), 9 beta-hydroxyparthenolide (2), and 9 beta-hydroxy-1 beta, 10 alpha-epoxyparthenolide (3). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from their spectral data (IR, MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, and 1H-13C HETCOR) and by chemical derivatization. The hitherto unreported 13C-NMR data and carbon atom assignments of the previously isolated lactones 1, 2, and 3 were given. The in-vitro antitumor and anti-HIV activities were evaluated for the isolated compounds.

The title compound, C15H18O3, was synthesized from 9α-hydroxyparthenolide (9α-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyl-12-methylene-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-7-en-13-one), which was isolated from the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The five-membered lactone ring has a twisted conformation, while the six- and five-membered rings display chair and envelope conformations, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two five-membered rings is 50.57 (11)°.

The title compound, C(17)H(22)O(6), was semi-synthesized from 9-hy-droxy-arthenolide, which was isolated from the chloro-form extract of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata. The mol-ecule contains fused five- and ten-membered rings: the five-membered lactone ring has a twisted conformation, whereas the ten-membered ring displays an approximate chair-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the rings is 24.76 (9)°.

The essential oil of the aerial parts of Anvillea radiata Coss. & Dur. was examined by GC-MS. Twenty-nine constituents were identified, representing 88.8% of the total. 6-Oxocyclonerolidol (66.6%) and 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol (11.4%) were found to be the major components. The disc diffusion method, used for antimicrobial activity testing, showed that the essential oil had a significant antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms.

The genus Anvillea (Compositae–Inuleae–Inulinae) is found to contain two species which occur in N Africa and the Middle East. Anvilleina Maire is reduced to a synonym of Anvillea and the following two new combinations are made: A. platycarpa (Maire) A. Anderb. and A. garcinii (Burm. f.) DC. ssp. radiata (Coss. & Dur.) A. Anderb. The chromosome number 2n = 14 of A. garcinii ssp. radiata is reported.

The aerial parts of Anvillea garcini afforded three germacranolides, two of which had not being isolated previously. The structures were elucidated by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The configuration of 9-acetoxy parthenolide at C-9 has been revised.