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INTRODUCTION: A chemical formula of nanocomposite 0.1 Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 -0.9 Bi3LaTi3O12 (BCLT-19) was prepared by semiwet route using metal nitrate and solid TiO2. The phase formation of Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (BCT) and Bi3LaTi3O12 (BLT) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. METHOD: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed a nano particle of size 14 ± 5 nm on average for BCLT-19 composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images exhibited a tubular, spherical and heterogeneous structure of grains. The root means square roughness, average roughness and maximum area peak height were explained by atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULT: Study of magnetic properties was determined as weak antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic and in nature. The high dielectric constant (ε' = 3147 at 100Hz to 500 K) of BCLT-19 may be due to the existence of space charge polarization. CONCLUSION: In this manuscript have studies on the novel composite materials of BCLT-19 micro-structural properties. This is useful for future Random-access memory devices and dielectric materials

This paper describes observations made on studies carried in laboratory trials by using electro-coagulation process using iron electrodes. The purpose of this study is to present the iron electrode-based EC procedure, its superiority over other technologies used for removing arsenic from ground water and surface water. In order to reduce arsenic (As), it was also necessary to understand the basics of the electrochemical process (EC) and the significance of its operating conditions, such as anode materials, applied voltage, pH and anode distance. At different concentration of Arsenic (500ppb, 200ppb & 100 ppb) it was observed that with the higher concentration i.e. 500 ppb there is faster decrease in arsenic concentration at 6.5 pH. While, when using different current density 0.5 A & 1.0 A at (12V) almost same results were obtained i.e. arsenic removal took place in same time duration at a pH range of 3.5 to 6.5. It was also observed that arsenic concentration decreases with electrode spacing, size of electrodes and contact time of treatment.

Transfer learning is one of the most appreciated classification techniques, when a small size of training dataset and limited computer capabilities exist along with the presence of noisy data. Such a scenario is encountered in keystroke dynamics whereby the typing gesticulation composed to form ‘keystroke dynamics’, is used to distinguish a human. Keystroke dynamics is persistently gaining reputation as one of the most promising and cost-effective behavioral biometrics. AlexNet and ResNet are two separate types of pre-trained convolutional neural network models, normally used to apply deep transfer learning concepts within image-based systems. Conversion of keystroke data into image data and then the formation of the artificial image data by extending available data are crucial attraction of this paper. In this paper, the pre-trained models are utilized by applying fine-tuning (of parameters in some layers) and used as an end-to-end learning and classification system by us. On the keystroke dataset, the feature extraction method (support vector machine for classification) is also applied here with pre-trained models. A relative analysis of both approaches is provided and lastly, the better one is employed in the proposed (recognition based) system. Finally, 98.57% accuracy of successful recognition is recorded.

White rust, a devastating disease of Brassicaceae family, causes nearly 60% reduction in yield of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard). This dreadful disease is caused by oomycetes fungi Albugo candida. A comparative expression analysis of MAPKs cascade and some of defense-related genes in nontransgenic and transgenic (harbouring overexpressed MAPK3) cultivar of Brassica juncea were done to reveal the defense signalling pathway against biotrophic fungi Albugo candida. Disease indexing was also done to compare the disease severity in both transgenic and nontransgenic Brassica juncea cultivars. Lower disease index in transgenic Brassica suggests its tolerance to Albugo candida. Higher expression level of MAPK6 in comparison to MAPK3 in the transgenic Brassica indicates that MAPK6 mimics a portion of MAPK3 signalling pathway and work in a direct cascade for production of defense-related proteins. Overexpression of MAPK3 gene was observed in downregulating the expression of MAPK4 in transgenic Brassica juncea. The expression of two important transcription factors, such as WRKY33 and WRKY29 were also analyzed in the present study and were found to be higher in transgenic plant overexpressing MAPK3. The expression of three defense-related genes (OASTL-B, ACD2 and CSD2) was found to be increased in transgenic plants harbouring overexpressed MAPK3 gene; however, expression level of CYP20-3 was found higher in nontransgenic Brassica plant in response to pathogen infection. These four defense-related genes were also subjected to in silico studies, such as secondary structure, tertiary structure and putative phosphorylation sites prediction in addition to protein–protein interaction determination with potential MAPKs cascade and WRKY29, WRKY33.

This paper starts has information from review or survey papers related to biometrics, deep learning and keystroke dynamics. Further it provides an insightful narration of recent state-of-art contributions to develop a KDBRS (Keystroke Dynamics Based Recognition System) using deep learning methods comprehensively.

The refractory seizures have significant impact on the quality of life and increase long term neurologic and non-neurologic complications. Implantation of Stereotactic Electroencephalography (SEEG) leads is one of the newer surgical techniques intended to localize seizure foci with higher accuracy than the conventional methods. Most of the commonly utilized anesthetic agents depress EEG waveforms affecting intra operative monitoring during these surgeries. Hence, the anesthetic goals include a stable induction and maintenance with agents which have minimal effect on EEG. This article discusses the peri-operative considerations of multiple anti-epileptic medications, recent advances in anesthetic management, and important post-operative concerns.

Obesity has nearly doubled in the world since 1980. Obesity is a common, serious, and costly problem. More than 10% of the world’s adult population is suffering from obesity. In 2009–2010, more than one-third of adults in the United States (35.7%) were obese. The prevalence of obesity is continuously increasing and causing problems in all aspects of healthcare including anaesthesiology. Obesity is an energy imbalance and is linked with increased morbidity and mortality and associated with a wide spectrum of medical and surgical issues. Fat-containing intracranial tumours and developmental lesions such as lipomas, dermoid and epidermoid cysts, and teratomas are common. An increased prevalence of obesity in patients undergoing craniotomy for meningiomas suggests an increased incidence of meningiomas in obese men. In this chapter, physiological changes associated with obesity, pharmacology, and the anaesthetic considerations and challenges for spine and neurosurgery are addressed.

This position paper addresses resilience in complex\ud engineering and engineered systems (CES). It offers a synthesis\ud of academic thinking with an empirical analysis of the challenge.\ud This paper puts forward argumentations and a conceptual\ud framework in support of a new understanding of CES resilience\ud as the product of continuous learning in between disruptive\ud events. CES are in continuous evolution and with each generation\ud they become more complex as they adapt to their environment.\ud While this evolution takes place, new failure modes arise with\ud the engineering of their resilience having to evolve in parallel to\ud cope with them. Our position supports the role of an overarching\ud complexity science framework to investigate the resilience of\ud CES, including their temporal evolution, resilience features, the\ud management and decision layers, and the transparency of boundaries between interconnected systems. The conclusions identify\ud the value of a complexity perspective to address CES resilience.\ud Extending the latest understanding of resilience, we propose\ud a circular framework where features of CES are related to a\ud resilience event and complexity science explains the importance\ud of interconnections with external systems, the increasingly fast\ud system evolution and the stratification of heterogeneous layers.

Background Magnetoencephalography (MEG) plays a preponderant role in the preoperative assessment of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). However, the magnetoencephalography of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy can be difficult without sedation and/or general anesthesia. Our objective is to describe our experience with intravenous dexmedetomidine as sedation for magnetoencephalography and its effect, if any, on the ability to recognize epileptic spikes. Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of 89 children who presented for Magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (EEG) scans between August of 2008 and May of 2015. Data analyzed included demographics and the frequency of epileptic spikes. Sedated magnetoencephalography recordings were compared to nonsedated video-electroencephalography (vEEG) recordings in the same patients to determine the impact of dexmedetomidine. Results Spike frequency between magnetoencephalography with sedation and video-electroencephalography without sedation was compared in 85 patients. Magnetoencephalography and video-electroencephalography were considered clinically concordant in 80 patients (94.1%) and discordant in 5 patients (5.9%), all with less spikes during Magnetoencephalography. The median (range) bolus dose of dexmedetomidine was 2 (1-2) mcg/kg. The median (range) infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was 2 (0.5-4) mcg/kg/h. All patients experienced reductions in heart rate after administration of dexmedetomidine; these reductions were statistically, but not clinically, significant. Conclusions Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine-based protocol provides reliable sedation in children undergoing MEG scanning because of the high success rate, limited interictal artifacts, and minimal impacts on spike frequency.

Patients with clinically suspected tuberculosis infection attending OPD/IPD and DOTs center at Santosh Medical College/Hospital, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh were studied. The numbers of male patients were 105 (70%) and female patients were 45 (30%). About 16 (10.3 %) smears were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). All the 150 samples were decontaminated by modified Petroff’s method and cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media. Our result showed that the entire 16 (10.3%) sample which was smearing positive were also culture positive. Of the 134 samples which were smeared negative 5(3.3%) samples were culture negative. All the 21 isolated strains were confirmed by standard biochemical tests. On the basis of biochemical reactions, 7 were humans’ type mycobacterium.

Purpose Anesthetic management of obese pediatric patients is challenging. With increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, more severely obese children with comorbidities present for surgery every day. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date comprehensive narrative review on the impact of pathophysiological changes imposed by pediatric obesity on the perioperative management of obese children, especially drug dosing. This knowledge is necessary to provide safe delivery of anesthesia for severely obese children. Source MEDLINE and PubMed peer-reviewed manuscripts in obesity and pediatric anesthesia. When there was no information in pediatric literature, we included adult studies in our review. Principal findings Defining obesity in a growing child is based on body mass index percentiles specific to age and sex. The precursors of adult obesity-related comorbidities are often seen in obese children. Respiratory and cardiovascular comorbidities increase perioperative risk in the severely obese child [>99th percentile]. Obstructive sleep apnea is highly prevalent and requires consideration of opioid sparing techniques and careful postoperative disposition. A detailed discussion on the effect of obesity on pharmacokinetics of different commonly used anesthetics and analgesics is presented, with current recommendations on dosing. Conclusion Optimal and safe anesthetic management of an obese child requires thoughtful pre-procedure assessment and meticulous perioperative management tailored to associated comorbidities, with heightened awareness of potential perioperative complications. There remains a need for improved guidelines for risk stratification, drug dosing and postoperative disposition in this patient population.

Resumo Os erros de medicacao sao as causas mais comuns de morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes. Alem disso, esses erros aumentam os encargos financeiros da instituicao. Embora o impacto varie de nenhum dano a efeitos adversos graves, inclusive o obito, e preciso estar atento a ordem de prioridades porque os erros de medicacao sao evitaveis. Na atualidade, com as pessoas cientes e os processos medicos em evidencia, frear esse problema e de extrema prioridade. O esforco individual para diminuir os erros de medicacao pode nao obter sucesso ate que uma mudanca nos protocolos e sistemas existentes seja incorporada. Muitas vezes, os erros de medicacao ocorridos nao podem ser revertidos. A melhor maneira de “tratar” esses erros e impedi‐los. Os erros de medicacao (devido a troca de seringa), de overdose (devido a mal‐entendido ou preconcepcao da dose, mal uso de bomba e erro de diluicao), de via de administracao incorreta, de subdosagem e de omissao sao causas comuns de erro de medicacao que ocorrem no periodo perioperatorio. A omissao e erros no calculo de medicamentos ocorrem comumente em UTI. Os erros de medicacao podem ocorrer no periodo perioperatorio, tanto durante a preparacao e administracao quanto na manutencao de registros. Um grande numero de erros humanos e do sistema pode ser responsabilizado pela ocorrencia de erros de medicacao. A necessidade do momento e parar o jogo da culpa, aceitar os erros e desenvolver uma cultura segura e “justa” para evitar os erros de medicacao. Os sistemas recem‐criados, como o Veinrom, um sistema de administracao de liquidos, e uma nova abordagem na prevencao de erros de medicacao devido aos medicamentos mais comumente usados em anestesia. Desenvolvimentos semelhantes, juntamente com medicos vigilantes, uma cultura de local de trabalho seguro e apoio organizacional, todos em conjunto podem ajudar a evitar esses erros.

In the current scenario Wireless Body Area network (WBAN) has made its prominent place among technological advancements to improve human health. Since WBAN uses a wireless technique for communication, it has various positive & striking features such as its unattended nature, unobtrusiveness, mobility and cost effectiveness. These WBANs are extremely essential for people with severe diseases. For example, Heart patients, pregnant women, mentally challenged people, etc. need a continuous observation. Thus, WBAN, on the one hand, is working as a virtual safeguard for its users. WBAN, on the other hand, exploits wireless media during its realization. All the constraints specially related to insecurity (openness) have also been elaborated here. Since health related information is tremendously crucial and confidential and also liable to the patient’s life. Therefore, we need to take care of mechanisms applied to WBANs to overcome all the issues and drawbacks related to security and privacy. This paper focuses on various limitations and their possible solutions available within WBANs in order to provide secure and private information management to its dependents and users.

Background and Aims: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is the standard of care during many spinal, vascular, and intracranial surgeries. High-quality perioperative care requires the communication and cooperation of several multidisciplinary teams. One of these multidisciplinary services is intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), while other teams represent anesthesia and surgery. Few studies have investigated the IONM team's objective communication with anesthesia providers. We conducted a retrospective review of IONM-related quality assurance data to identify how changes in the evoked potentials observed during the surgery were communicated within our IONM-anesthesia team and determined the resulting qualitative outcomes. Material and Methods: Quality assurance records of 3,112 patients who underwent surgical procedures with IONM (from 2010 to 2015) were reviewed. We examined communications regarding perioperative evoked potential or electroencephalography (EEG) fluctuations that prompted neurophysiologists to alert/notify the anesthesia team to consider alteration of anesthetic depth/drug regimen or patient positioning and analyzed the outcomes of these interventions. Results: Of the total of 1280 (41.13%) communications issued, there were 347 notifications and 11 alerts made by the neurophysiologist to the anesthesia team for various types of neuro/orthopedic surgeries. Prompt communication led to resolution of 90% of alerts and 80% of notifications after corrective measures were executed by the anesthesiologists. Notifications mainly related to limb malpositioning and extravasation of intravenous fluid. Conclusion: Based on our institutions' protocol and algorithm for intervention during IONM-supported surgeries, our findings of resolution in alerts and notifications indicate that successful communications between the two teams could potentially lead to improved anesthetic care and patient safety.

Traditional energy storage systems have a common feature: the generating of secondary energy (e.g. electricity) and regenerating of stored energy (e.g. gravitational potential, and mechanical energy) are separate rather than deeply integrated. Such systems have to tolerate the energy loss caused by the second conversion from primary energy to secondary energy. This paper is concerned with the system dynamics of oxyfuel power plants with liquid oxygen energy storage, which integrates the generation of secondary energy (electricity) and regeneration of stored energy into one process and therefore avoids the energy loss caused by the independent process of regeneration of stored energy. The liquid oxygen storage and the power load of the air separation unit are self-adaptively controlled based on current-day power demand, day-ahead electricity price and real-time oxygen storage information. Such an oxyfuel power plant cannot only bid in the day-ahead market with base load power but also has potential to provide peak load power through reducing the load of the air separation unit in peak time. By introducing reasoning rules with fuzzy control, the oxygen storage system has potential to be further extended by integrating renewable energy resources into the system to create a cryogenic energy storage hub.

Background and Aims: Various adjuncts to local anesthetics have been used with the purpose of improving the quality of subarachnoid block. This randomized double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of adding clonidine to bupivacaine and bupivacaine-fentanyl combination. Material and Methods: A total of 100 patients scheduled for surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 25 each) to receive intrathecal bupivacaine 7.5 mg plus normal saline 0.5 ml (group BS), intrathecal bupivacaine 7.5 mg, and fentanyl 25 μg (group BF), intrathecal bupivacaine 7.5 mg and clonidine 75 μg (group BC), intrathecal bupivacaine 7.5 mg, clonidine 37.5 μg, and fentanyl 12.5 μg (group BCF). The time of onset and duration of sensory block, highest dermatome level of sensory block, time of onset of motor block, time to complete motor block recovery and duration of spinal anesthesia, intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamics and side effects if any were recorded. VAS, total number of patients who were administered supplemental analgesic in each group and the total amount of supplemental analgesic administered in the next 24 h was quantified and documented in all the groups. Results: The time of onset of sensory block (min) in groups BS, BC, BCF, and BF was 10.80 ± 2.26, 10.20 ± 1.00, 10.00 ± 0.00, and 13.80 ± 2.61 respectively, thus onset of sensory block was significantly earlier in groups BC and BCF. Similarly, onset of motor block was also quicker in groups BC and BCF. Time of requirement of supplemental analgesia was 135.20 ± 12.70 min, 199.2 ± 21.92 min, 209.80 ± 26.32 min, and 208.00 ± 26.58 min in groups BS, BF, BC, and BCF respectively. Intraoperative and postoperative changes in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate were comparable. Sedation scores were significantly higher in group BC. Pruritus was only observed in groups BF and BCF. Mean nausea vomiting scores were comparable in all groups. Conclusion: We conclude that the addition of clonidine in doses of 75 μg and 37.5 μg to low-dose bupivacaine and bupivacaine-fentanyl prolongs the sensory and motor block while increasing the duration of postoperative analgesia without significant side-effects.

Background and Aims: Perioperative beta blockers are also being advocated for modulation of acute pain and reduction of intraoperative anesthetic requirements. This study evaluated the effect of perioperative use of esmolol, an ultra short acting beta blocker, on anesthesia and modulation of post operative pain in patients of laproscopic cholecystectomy. Material and Methods: Sixty adult ASA I & II grade patients of either sex, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups E or C according to computer generated numbers. Group E- Patients who received loading dose of injection esmolol 0.5 mg/kg in 30 ml isotonic saline, before induction of anesthesia, followed by an IV infusion of esmolol 0.05 μg/kg/min till the completion of surgery and Group C- Patients who received 30 ml of isotonic saline as loading dose and continuous infusion of isotonic saline at the same rate as the esmolol group till the completion of surgery. Results: The baseline MAP at 0 minute was almost similar in both the groups. At 8th minute (time of intubation), MAP increased significantly in group C as compared to group E and remained higher than group E till the end of procedure. Intraoperatively, 16.67% of patients in group C showed somatic signs as compared to none in group E. The difference was statistically significant. 73.33% of patients in group C required additional doses of Inj.Fentanyl as compared to 6.67% in group E. Conclusions: We conclude that intravenous esmolol influences the analgesic requirements both intraoperatively as well as postoperatively by modulation of the sympathetic component of the pain i.e. heart rate and blood pressure.

Ablative intracranial surgery for Parkinson's disease has advanced to embedding electrodes into precise areas of the basal ganglia. Electrode implantation surgery, referred to as deep brain stimulation (DBS), is preferred in view of its reversibility, adjustability, and capability to be safely performed bilaterally. DBS is been increasingly used for other movement disorders, intractable tremors epilepsy, and sometimes chronic pain. Anesthesiologists need to amalgamate the knowledge of neuroanatomical structures and surgical techniques involved in placement of microelectrodes in defined cerebral target areas. Perioperative verbal communication with the patient during the procedure is quintessential and may attenuate the need for pharmacological agents. This review will endeavor to assimilate the present knowledge regarding the patient selection, available/practiced anesthesia regimens, and perioperative complications after our thorough search for literature published between 1991 and 2013.

Neurosurgery in awake patients incorporates newer technologies that require the anesthesiologists to update their skills and evolve their methodologies. They need effective communication skills and knowledge of selecting the right anesthetic drugs to ensure adequate analgesia, akinesia, along with patient satisfaction with the anesthetic conduct throughout the procedure. The challenge of providing adequate anesthetic care to an awake patient for intracranial surgery requires more than routine vigilance about anesthetic management.

Introduction Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is the standard of care during many spinal, vascular, and intracranial surgeries. High quality perioperative care requires the communication and cooperation of several multidisciplinary teams. One of these multidisciplinary services is intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM), while other teams represent anesthesia, and surgery. Few studies relate to IONM team’s objective communication with the anesthesia providers. We accomplished a retrospective review of IONM related quality assurance data to identify how changes evoked potentials observed during the surgery were communicated within our IONM-anesthesia team and determined the resulting qualitative outcomes. Methods Quality assurance records of 3112 patients who underwent surgical procedures with IONM (from 2010 to 2015) were reviewed. We examined communications regarding perioperative evoked potential or EEG fluctuations that prompted neurophysiologists to alert/notify anesthesia team to consider alteration of anesthetic depth/drug regimen or patient positioning and analyzed the outcomes of these interventions. Results Of the 1280 (41.13%) total communications issued, there were 347 notifications and 11 alerts made by neurophysiologist to the anesthesia team for various types of neuro/orthopedic surgeries. Prompt communication led to resolution of 90% of alerts and 80% of notifications after corrective measures were executed by the anesthesiologists. Notifications mainly related to limb mal-positioning and extravasation of intravenous fluid. Conclusion Based our institutions’ protocol and algorithm for intervention during IONM-supported surgeries, our findings of resolution in alerts and notifications indicate that successful communications between the two teams could potentially lead to improved anesthetic care and patient safety.