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Imaging techniques have been upgraded due to the invention of digital radiography. This advancement has made a massive change in the development of diagnostic procedures. This technique has displaced conventional radiography with digital methods of radiography. This radiography technique was accepted in all kinds of radiography, excluding mammography. There are many assets of using a digital process for imaging, like good quality of image with less dose. It gave accurate diagnosis for assured quality of image with high resolution and to avoid overdose proper guidelines are needed. The technician should be well trained and have adequate knowledge of the appropriate use of digital radiography. The flat detector system depicts a more efficient way to form an image of high quality with a low dose; the quality of the image increases due to the storage phosphor. Many institutions have accepted this digital radiography as it has proven beneficial for diagnostic procedures. Digital radiography has a flat panel detector that results in a high-resolution image. It has been noticed that screen-film radiography has been superseded by Digital radiography. Nowadays, manufacturers have made many improvements derived from the detector and different technology to Digital radiography equipment. Due to digital imaging techniques, x-rays are allowed to store digitally that can use anytime by adjusting contrast according to the interest of vision. This technology has given assurity of not losing any radiograph and allows dispensing throughout hospitals digital by online technology derived from the web. There are so many assets of using digital radiography as it increases patient count. The vigorous high scale of the digital detector with as low as possible radiation dose for the proper usage of this technology, radiologists and radiographers should have adequate knowledge of various technical postulates & image calibre. They should know how to tackle the problem of overexposure or radiation dose.

Age and sex determination are crucial in the biological identification of the remaining skeleton, especially in forensic circumstances. This study's main important focus is to gauge the dimension such as distance, width, size, and structure of the cranial bone. It still becomes most laborious when the body has been reduced to a skeleton. Between men and women: In men, the height or width of the nasal bone is higher than in women. The cranial capacity is higher in females as compared to males. The main task of this examination was sex estimation through the geometric morphometric analysis of the frontal bone. Occurred distinction in structure and magnitude through the glabellar region. The parameters of different components are used to determine sex, i.e., nasal aperture, etc.; Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) helps in sex determination. MDCT plays a vital role in identifying age, sex, and determination using scans of various cranial bone parts. Computed tomography provides good image acquisition, greater spatial resolution, and excellent accuracy. This study's focus on forensics is to estimate the measurements such as length, width, etc. Glabella separated the female and male skulls with reasonable accuracy. For sex determination, mastoid size, nasal height measurements, and various anthropometric methods are used. Some studies indicate a distinguished purpose that also helps to determine the sex from the remaining skeleton. The main motive of this study is to present sex using a piriform aperture from a fragmented skull. The mean value of nasal height, nasal width, and nasal index is higher in men than women. The growth nasal septum is monitored in paediatrics for one year because the paediatrics gradually develop nasal septum during one year. In forensic circumstances, there is only one anatomical structure to determine sex and ages better. The lower region of the face is more different than the upper section of the face. In the Gastrointestinal intestinal period, nose length rises from 3.3 mm to roughly 16 weeks. At different ages, nose parameter is identified using MRI and magnetic resonance imaging; nasal structure and size are constant or growing after 35-year man and women. After a period of 45-year, thickness in the soft tissue of craniofacial.

Breast malignancy is the most prevalent condition which occurs in young females. Breast malignancy frequently recurs in the axilla. The axilla is a common site for breast cancer recurrence. A nodal tumor can be felt, and computed tomography (C.T.) is usually used to differentiate reoccurring malignancy from the long-term surgery's consequences and radiation. The patient had a bulge that couldn't be felt, and C.T. was utilized to determine if a recurrent tumor was present. Because this patient's axilla had previously been irradiated, clinical examination was challenging. Only one patient had a lump that could not be palpated; thus, C.T. was utilized to rule out the possibility of a recurrent tumor. Clinical examination was impossible due to a previously irradiated 'wooden' axilla. C.T. scans failed to reveal the recurrence of cancer in the axilla. We conclude it is only beneficial when palpation of the axilla is difficult due to previous treatment. Careful palpation and aspiration cytology of any lump is key to diagnosing axillary tumor recurrence. A CT scan is unlikely to detect illness when there is no bulk on clinical examination. For decades, the chance of a breast cancer recurrence in the local-regional area following mastectomy has remained around the lo-30% range. External beam radiation therapy, the standard treatment, is effective in most cases in eradicating local illness, although recurrences occur in around half of the patients. Since 1982, 33 persons who have had such recurrences have obtained a computed tomography (C.T.) scan at our facility as it's all part of their diagnostic process. Accurate characterization and categorization of breast lump detected with C.T. enhance the value of the radiologist's report and contribute to relevant case management.

Background: Rhino cerebral Mucormycosis is life-threatening contamination as a result of saprophytic fungi visible nearly solely in immuno-compromised sufferers. The goal of this observes changed to explain the imaging findings in sufferers with rhinocerebral mucormycosis. The following motive was to present not unusual place radiographic styles that can be beneficial in concluding the prognosis of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. We retrospectively evaluated the imaging and scientific records of 1 adult male, 46 years old, with rhinocerebral mucormycosis.Case presentation: We herein present an interesting case of a 46-year-old male patient of the department of ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat). A patient came on an outpatient basis with a clinical history of severe headache in the last 20 days, blurring of vision in bilateral eyes, diplopia and fainting in the previous 8-10 days, fever (on & off) in the past 8 days. Swelling on forehead, eyes and overall face diagnosis was done with the help of MRI scan imaging and treated with excision of black fungus. Mucormycosis is a rare disease, but it is more frequent in persons with health issues or who use medications such decrease the body's ability to fight infections and illness. As a result, other specific groups of people are more likely to get Mucormycosis.

Background- Dural venous thrombosis is the serious neurological disorder occurs due to clotting of blood within the venous sinuses of the brain. It is known as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). The clot prevents blood from leaving the brain. As a result, the blood arteries become clogged with pressure. This can cause brain enlargement and bleeding (haemorrhage). This sequence of events is part of a stroke, which can affect both adults and children. Even newborns and kids in the womb are susceptible. The brain and central nervous system can be damaged by a stroke. A stroke is a serious condition that necessitates prompt medical attention. Cerebral Sino-Venous Thrombosis is another name for this disorder. The patients may suffer with severe headaches, vision problems, any of the stroke symptoms, such as weakness on one side of the body's face and extremities and seizures. All are possible signs when thrombosis occur in the dural sinuses. Computed tomography (CT scan) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are routinely used to diagnose venous sinus occlusions. Case presentation: We present a case of 30-year-old male patient with the complaints of left sided headache in the last 7-8 days. The patient has the history of seizure episode associated with dementia. Also, it has the complaints of pain on the left sided upper and lower limb, paraesthesia lasting for 30 min to 1 hr. The diagnosis was done with the help of blood tests, hormonal tests, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Background: Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is associated with chronic growing hepatic disease and a complex immune-mediated hepatic disease investigated histologically by the broad level of aminotransferase, autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia and interface hepatitis. AIH affects all ages male and female, worldwide, regardless of sex. It is a rare chronic hepatic inflammation with unclear ethology. In most cases, autoimmune diseases are predominant in females less than 0.02. Case Presentation: A 4 year-old-male patient from Yawatmal, the patient was admitted to the paediatric ward to AVBRH, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. The patient was diagnosed with the case of autoimmune hepatitis. The patient suffered from chief complaints of difficulty in generalized weakness and fever from 2 days, nausea and vomiting with no other complaints. no past medical history noted of diabetes mellitus, asthma, COVID 19, or having no any other congenital physical abnormalities. Conclusion: Autoimmune hepatitis is the rare chronic inflammatory liver disease usually seen all age groups of people especially as compared to males. The care has been given to the patient in accurate diagnosis through investigation, such as blood investigations, radiological investigation, histopathological investigation, abdomen, and pelvic radiology. Because of this investigation, confirms that whether it is autoimmune hepatitis or not. A patient is undergoing this autoimmune hepatitis treatment and also further medical management should be taken.

Altered mental status, which affects four to ten percent of emergency hospital patients, is a common symptom. Without a lot of information from the lab, radiography, and physical exam, determining the aetiology could be challenging. The provider's clinical judgement is used to guide the diagnosis procedure based on the available history. As a result, if a reasonable suspicion is not present when examining alternative reasons, less common diagnosis may be overlooked or delayed. CVST (cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) is an uncommon and poorly understood condition with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Summary: CVST is a rare yet life-threatening condition that strikes teenagers and young adults. Its natural manifestations might range from mild to spectacular and deep. However, if detected early enough, adequate therapy can often lead to total recovery. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Venography (MRV) is the current gold standard for diagnosing CVST, while Computed Tomography Venography (CTV) has been demonstrated to be almost as good in detecting CVST. When MRV is not easily available, this is critical because it speeds up the virus's disposition and the initiation of anticoagulant medication.

Background: Osteopetrosis is a genetic condition that affects just a few people. illness characterised by osteosclerosis, Due to inadequate osteoclast resorption, there is destruction of the medullary canal, calcified cartilage, and hard bone. Patients with osteopetrosis are more likely to develop osteoarthritis. Only a few studies have documented a patient who underwent both a complete Arthroplasty of the hip and knee (TKA). In this article, a patient with osteopetrosis describes a case of left and right hip osteoarthritis. Clinical Findings: Walking problems, Calcium deficiency, the optic nerve in the brain is under pressure. Hearing loss, as well as distress, can lead to neurological issues. Diagnostic Evaluation: CBC Investigation, blood test, Hb-12.9%, Total RBC count-4.84million/cumm, RDW-13.2%, HCT-36.7%, Total WBC Count-26200 cu mm, Monocytes- 01%, Granulocytes- 30%, Lymphocytes- 65%, Total platelet count-3.5 Lacs/cu mm, ALT(SGPT)-17 U/L, AST (SGOT)-44 U/L. Peripheral Smear: RBCs-Normocytic Normochromic Platelets-Adequate on smear, No Hemiparasite seen, WBCs-Neutrophilic leucocytosis. Therapeutic Intervention: Calcium 1200mg, D3 8000IU, vitamin D supplements calcitriol 0.25mcg/ml, hormone replacement therapy, Bone marrow transplantation (BMT), Alendronate70mg, (Fosamax), Risedronate35mg OD (Actonel), Inj Boniva 3mg OD, Inj Zoledronic acid 4mg BD (Recast), various medications, and/or surgery. Outcome: After therapy, the child's behaviour improves. Osteoporosis is a condition in which excessive bone resorption causes decreased bone mass and skeletal fragility, with the most serious clinical consequence being increased fracture risk. Conclusion: The patient was hospitalised to AVBRH with a known case of Osteopetrosis illness and complained of difficulties awakening, discomfort, and neurological issues. After receiving appropriate therapy and surgery, his condition improved. According to this case study, in patients with osteopetrosis, total joint arthroplasty is an effective therapy for painful hip and knee osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Hirschsprung's disease (HIRSH-SPROONGZ) is a disorder that affects the large intestine (colon) and makes passing faces difficult. As a result of missing nerve cells in the baby's colon muscles, the disease is present at birth (congenital). Hirschsprung’s popularized it in 1886 after “Ruysch” recognized it in 1961. Hirschsprung’s disease is an intrinsic developmental condition. The enteric nervous system has an inherent component. Clinical Findings: Difficulty in passing stool, Abdominal pain, Fever, (Temperature 100-degree f) Vomiting, Failure of thrive, constipation, tiredness. Diagnostic Evaluation: CBC Investigation, blood test, Hb-12.9%, Total RBC count-4.84million/cumm, RDW-13.2%, HCT-36.7%, Total WBC Count-26200 cu mm, Monocytes- 01%, Granulocytes- 30%, Lymphocytes- 65%, Total platelet count-3.5 Lacs/cu mm, ALT(SGPT)-17 U/L, AST (SGOT)-44 U/L. Peripheral Smear: RBCs-Normocytic Normochromic Platelets-Adequate on smear, No Hemiparasite seen, WBCs-Neutrophilic leukocytosis. Therapeutic Intervention: - blood Transfusion, Inj.Aminoven 200 mg BD, Inj. Cefotaxime 400mg BD IV, Inj. Pantaprazole 12mg OD, Syp. Augmentin 3ml BD, Syp. Azee 5ml OD, Inj. Emset 1.8 mg SOS. Outcome: After treatment the child shows improvement his passing stool frequently and relive vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and facial expression are good. Conclusion: - My patient was admitted in pediatric ward no 22 at AVBRH with a known case of Hirschsprung’s disease, and he had complaint of difficulty in passing stool at birth, after getting appropriate treatment and surgery his condition was improve.

Background: Hydroureteronephrosis is a blockage to free flow of urine from the kidney causes hydroureteronephrosis, which causes dilation of the renal pelvis, calyces, and ureter, resulting in gradual atrophy of the renal cortex. “Dilation of the ureter due to obstruction of urine outflow is called hydroureter”. Hydronephrosis produces a dull pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen due to increasing bladder distension. A continuous obstruction in the flow of urine can lead to high blood pressure, sepsis, urinary tract infection, hematuria, and renal failure. Clinical Findings: Difficulty in passing urine since 2-3month, in situations of benign prostate enlargement, urinary frequency, a weak urine stream, and a sense of incomplete emptying, lack of appetite and fever (Temperature - 101˚F). Diagnostic Assessment: Blood test: Hb – 9.1 gm%, Total RBC count – 5.04millions/cumm, RDW – 17.8%, HCT – 31.9%, Total WBC count – 11600/cumm, Monocytes – 04%, Granulocytes – 30%, Lymphocytes – 64%, AST(SGOT) – 45U/L. Peripheral Smear: RBCs – predominantly microcytic mildly hypochromic with mild anis poikilocytosis showing few pencil cells. Platelets – adequate on smear. No hemiparasite seen. Ultrasonography: The right kidney measure is 5 x1.9cm and left is 5.6 x2.6cm shows mild dilation of pelvic-calyceal system. Left kidney shows mild hydronephrosis with renal pelvic diameter 1.06cm hydroureters seen up to left vesico-urethric junction. Bilateral uterus dilated up to lower end to UVR. Uterus bladder is thickened wall and distended Mild cystitis dilation of B/L dilated uterus and hydronephrosis with UVR. Therapeutic Intervention: Syp Cefixime 2.5ml x BD, Syp. MVBC 5ml x BD, Syp. Calcimax 5ml x BD, Syp. Orofer 5ml x OD, Syp. Nitrofurantoin 2.5ml x BD, Inj. Metro 100mg x TDS, Inj. Pantop 40mg x OD, Inj. Ceftriaxone 500mg IV x B and IVF DNS with Inj. KCL stat. Outcome: After treatment, the child show improvement. No complaint of fever, pain, and difficulty in urine pass and urine frequency . Conclusion: The patient was hospitalized to AVBRH's Pediatric Ward No. 14 with Bilateral hydrouteronephrosis dilated VUR with cystitis. Her health begins to improve when he received proper therapy.

Summary: The episode of severe intense respiratory disorder coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV2) in December 2019 frame Wuhan, China, leads to widespread coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19). Whereas the common cold indications are watched in mellow cases, COVID-19 goes with multiorgan disappointment in extreme patients. The association of different organs in severe patients results from protracting the hospitalization item and expanding the immortality irate. In this survey, we were appointed to investigate the association of other organs in COVID-19 patients, especially in extreme cases. Too, we attempted to define the potential underlying components of SARS-CoV2 actuated multiorgan disappointment. The multiorgan brokenness is characterized by acute lung disappointment, intense liver disappointment, intense kidney harm, cardiovascular disorder, and as well as in a wide range of hematological abnormalities and neurological clutters. The main imperative components are related to the coordinate and circuitous pathogenic features of SARS-CoV2. Conclusion: Understanding the clinical, research facility, and radiological highlights of COVID-19 in fundamentally unwell patients with multi-organ failure should be clarified for the clinician. As a result, extending the information on the pathophysiology of SARS-COV2-induced multi-organ disappointment may result in way better methods to treat COVID-19-patients and diminish the related dismalness and mortality.

Background: In the sellar region, pituitary tumors are frequent. Clinically evident pituitary lesions account for around 10% of all intracranial lesions, whereas incidental pituitary tumors are found in about 11% of people. Benign adenomas are the most common kind of pituitary tumor. These adenomas are generally tiny when they appear first and manifest early as a hormonal imbalance occurs due to overproduction. A commonly used treatment for adenomas is the excision of the tumor. If metastasis occurs, chemotherapy/radiotherapy can be used. The most common complication of pituitary adenoma is transient or permanent diabetes insipid us, CSF rhinorrhea, or visual field defects. Case Presentation: We herein present an interesting case of a 70-year-old female patient of the department of neurosurgery. A patient came on an outpatient basis with a clinical history of severe headache in the last 15 days, blurring of vision in bilateral eyes, diplopia and fainting in the previous 8-10 days, fever (on and off) in the past 8 days. The diagnosis was done with the help of CT and MRI scan imaging and treated with excision of adenoma. Many malignancies can be prevented by making specific lifestyle modifications (such as staying at a healthy weight or quitting smoking). However, no known outside risk factors have been associated with pituitary tumors. As a result, at this moment, there is no known strategy to avoid these adenomas other than early intervention. Conclusion: A case of sellar and supra-sellar mass lesion-imaging consistent with pituitary macroadenoma in 70-year-old women managed with a multicentric approach. Genetic counseling and psychological assistance should be provided to the members of the family. The presenting with pituitary adenoma is part of a genetic condition. With further information on adenohypophyseal cytodifferentiation pathways, the classification of these cancer is expected to improve in the future.