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Tetanus, once prevalent worldwide, has become rare in developed nations since the advent of active immunization. However, in India, where population density and healthcare challenges persist, the burden of adult tetanus remains largely unexplored. Here, authors present a suspected case of adult tetanus in an 18-year-old male from suburban Mumbai, highlighting the ongoing public health concern. The patient, a daily-wage worker, presented with chest pain, back spasms, and progressive muscle rigidity following trauma to his foot Despite aggressive medical intervention, including immunoglobulin therapy and intensive care, the patient succumbed to cardiac arrest ten days’ post-admission. This case underscores the persistent threat of tetanus in India, even after the successful elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus. Delayed diagnosis due to ambiguous symptoms and neglect of basic hygiene practices contribute to severe complications and mortality. Efforts to combat tetanus should focus on enhancing public awareness, promoting vaccination, and ensuring prompt wound care.

The COVID-19 which started in December 2019 has spread rapidly worldwide with millions of cases out of which many have successfully recovered. Owing to novelty, COVID-19 has been a mystery in itself since the beginning. Some cases develop severe complications while some remain asymptomatic. With research being done in all parts of the world, many lacunae in the etiology and pathophysiology of the disease have been filled. As we move ahead with the pandemic new information is getting added to the existing knowledge pool. The residual damages and long-term health effects are yet to be encountered. The question that has been in the minds of many researchers and is still being explored remains that about re-infection. There are multiple cases worldwide where the discharged patients have been detected positive once again. In India, the guidelines for prophylaxis, testing strategy, quarantine, home isolation, and discharge policies have been revised time and again by the ministry and ICMR. It is difficult to label ones re-detected positive status, taking into consideration strain of coronavirus, dead viral particles, antibodies and reliability of tests. The role of vaccine and herd immunity also becomes controversial with number of such cases arising. We have tried to compile and find out the scientific causes, its effects on individual and what can be the implications on the Public Health and scope of development of strategies required for such occurrences. Efforts need to be taken in such a way that there is neither a panic situation nor should there be a false sense of security post-recovery.

Background: Leptospirosis is emerging as one of the growing public health problems in many parts of India. It can occur in both rural and urban areas with varied risk factors. This study was taken up in three districts of Maharashtra namely—Mumbai, Ratnagiri, and Sindhudurg to understand the determinants of leptospirosis in both the urban and rural areas and look for differences if any. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the year 2017. A pretested validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Field observations were made. Eighty-seven cases from Sindhudurg and 14 from Ratnagiri and 307 cases from Mumbai were included in the study. Results: A total of 408 cases were included in the study. A total of 63 (62.4%) were males and 38 (37.6%) were females. Most cases belonged to the 20–35 year age group (37%). In rural areas, 32.7% of them visited government facilities first, whereas, in the urban areas, it was 73.9% (P = 0.006). Headache, myalgia, and prostration were more common in cases from rural areas (P =

Semi‐organic materials consisting of organic and inorganic semiconductors, exhibit the characteristic properties like strong optical nonlinearity and thermal stability. Lithium Fumarate (LF) is grown as a semi‐organic single crystal using lithium hydroxide and fumaric acid employing a slow evaporation method with de‐ionized water as the solvent. Classical NucleationTheory (CNT) is used to calculate the speed of LF nucleation. By altering the temperature, the thermogravimetric (TG) models, namely Coats–Redfern and Piloyan–Novikova equations are used to calculate the kinetic parameters such as enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, real heat power, and entropy of activation values. The width of the metastable zone in the LF crystal is determined by evaluating the relationship between supersaturation and temperature and it is found to exhibit a linear dependence on temperature and possess positive solubility. Lithium Fumarate's (LF) photoconductivity test shows that the grown crystal has positive photoconductivity. Photoluminescence studies conclude that Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT) values and color purity of LF crystal are suited to the green light emitting devices and flat panel displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]