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Purpose Adopting sustainable practices is highly required in hotels. This study aims to assess consumer behaviour towards adopting sustainable practices in hotels. In addition, mediating role of consumer attitude (CAtt) is assessed between consumer awareness (CA) and willingness to pay. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was carried out to analyse the integrative research model of CA, CAtt and willingness to pay premium price (WTPPP) for sustainable practices adoption in five-star hotels in emerging economies. Responses from 447 respondents were collected and analysed. Structural equation modelling was performed using SPSS 21.0. Findings The research outcomes indicate the partial mediation of CAtt between CA and WTPPP. Furthermore, consumer satisfaction has been found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between CAtt and willingness to pay a premium price. Originality/value The research results add to the literature by analysing prominent factors affecting willingness to pay premium for adopting sustainable practices in five-star hotels.

This paper offers an ethnographic account of how Golden Harvest International School in Bengaluru branded itself as both ‘International’ and ‘Indian’, by elaborating discursive practices within the...

Background and Aims Arcuate foramina (AF), the atlas bridges formed by a delicate bony spicule over the posterior arch of atlas, have been implicated in the compression of the vertebral artery during extreme rotation of head and neck movements. Reduction in the size of arcuate foramina as compared with foramen transversarium (FT) is also an important cause for the compression of vertebral artery. Aim of the present study was to determine the morphometric differences between complete AF and ipsilateral foramina transversaria. Materials and Methods Eighty dry adult human atlas vertebrae were obtained in the Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College and Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Measurements were taken of the maximum dimensions of AF and ipsilateral FT and cross-sectional area was also calculated. Results The following results were obtained.The AF were seen in total 11 (13.75%) vertebrae, 3 (3.75%) on the right side, 6 (7.5%) on left side, and 2 (2.5%) bilateral.• The mean ventrodorsal (AFL) and superoinferior (AFH) diameter of AF was 8.79 mm and 5.98 mm, and 8.11 mm and 5.54 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, and the difference was found to be highly significant.• The mean ventrodorsal (FTL) and mediolateral (FTW) diameter of the FT 8.19 mm and 6.56 mm, and 7.31 mm and 6.86 mm on the right and left sides, respectively, with significant difference on the right side.• The mean cross-sectional area of AF was 41.32 mm 2 and 35.38 mm 2, and FT was 42.53 mm 2 and 39.71 mm 2 on the right and left sides, respectively, and AF has smaller area than ipsilateral FT. Conclusions Knowledge about the dimensions and cross-sectional area of the AF and ipsilateral foramina transversaria of the atlas vertebra can improve the success rate of surgeries, thus preventing damage to the adjoining vital structures.

In the recent years, the conception of giftedness in children has garnered a lot of attention from educationists and psychologists in India. Children marked as gifted are said to display above average abilities as compared with their peers. In this paper, I attempt to show that despite multiple notions and theories of giftedness, displaying exceptional abilities in mathematics and science seem to be the dominant focus and trend. In support of this claim, I list out the various Gifted and Talented Programmes of Giftedness in India. By exploring the various landscapes of excellence across diverse schooling environment, I draw from my doctoral research to highlight the ways in which giftedness is socially circulating and the factors that produce, and the processes that enable and sustain it. Through this study, I hope to contribute to the sociology of education in terms of understanding middle class / elite aspirations with regard to education of their children, elite parenting practices, conceptions of giftedness and how ‘cultural capital’ is transmitted from one generation to the next.

The hospitality sector is one of the fast growing and dynamic sectors in India. Of late not only has there been a change in demand and supply trends, but consumer preferences and desires are also changing, which has led to an eruption of innovative management practices. One of the critical issues facing this industry today is that of sustainability. Therefore, many hotel chains, particularly five-star hotels, have incorporated a number of green practices to reduce their carbon footprints. This in turn has a considerable effect on consumers’ willingness to pay for their services. This study aimed to explore the factors of consumer awareness, consumer attitude and willingness to pay premium that impact choice of sustainable 5-star hotels of Northern India. Based on the study aim, a quantitative research was conducted using survey of 447customers or visitors of the chosen hotels. The questionnaire pertained to elements crucial for this research consisting list of important sustainable practices and how these practices are affecting their preference for the hotel chains. Data was gathered using a close-ended questionnaire from the customers of these hotels. KMO factor analysis method was applied to identify the most significant factors of consumer awareness; consumer attitude and willingness to pay premium that impact their choice of the sustainable five star hotels of Northern India.

With business organizations increasingly finding themselves confronted with ethical issues and dilemmas, concerns for codes of ethics have also intensified and so has the research interest in the field. This article reports the results of a cross-sectional survey that the authors carried out to assess the incidence of code of ethics among Indian business firms, examine managerial perceptions about the role of ethics as a source of ethical learning and the likely influence of codes on employees’ thinking and behaviour, and to assess surveyed mangers’ perceptions about the reasons responsible for compliance and non-compliance of codes. Based on findings of the survey, managerial implications have been spelt out and directions for future researches in the area have been provided.

Anomalous muscles donot usually cause symptoms but are of academic interest. Axillary arch is a variable muscular slip encountered in axilla. Purpose of the present study was to report a rare case of axillary arch muscle. Knowledge of this muscle variation and the possibility of finding it during axillary procedures are crucial for lymph node staging, lymphaedenectomy and for differential diagnosis in compressive pathologies of axillary vessels and brachial plexus. During routine dissection of left axilla in a 60-year old male cadaver, an anomalous muscular slip was encountered. The slip was extending between latissimus dorsi muscle to coracoid process, deltoid muscle, fascia covering biceps and coracobrachialis and was confirmed as axillary arch muscle. The embryological basis, genetics and clinical implications have been discussed. This rare variation will be of interest not only to anatomists but also for clinicians and surgeons dealing with this area.

El pterion es un punto correspondiente con el extremo posterior de la sutura donde se ubican los huesos frontal, parietal, temporal y esfenoides. Este punto metrico del craneo se relaciona con diversas estructuras en la cavidad craneal como la arteria meningea media y polo anterior de la insula en el area de Broca. Este estudio se realizo para determinar la variacion mas comun de la forma y presencia de huesos epiptericos y comparar estos con otros grupos raciales. Cincuenta craneos humanos adultos de sexo desconocido obtenidos en el departamento de anatomia, Sri Guru Ram Das Instituto de Ciencias Medicas e Investigaciones, Vallah (Amritsar, India) fueron examinados en ambos lados para el tipo y posicion del pterion. Se observaron cuatro tipos de formacion. Esfenoparietal en el 89% de las muestras, fronto temporal en el 7% de las muestras, estrelladas en 4% y epipterico en el 12% de los casos. Desde la sutura frontocigomatica el pterion se encontraba a 3,1±0,44 cm en el lado derecho, 3,4±0,40 cm en el lado izquierdo y desde el centro del hueso cigomatico a 4,1±0,45 cm en el lado derecho y 4,4±0,32 cm en el lado izquierdo. Estas variaciones en la morfologia de la sutura son comparables a otras poblaciones. Su posicion es de interes para los antropologos, patologos forenses y cirujanos, y merece una mayor investigacion en poblaciones de diferentes regiones.

Recently, several genome-wide association studies have demonstrated a cumulative association of 5 polymorphic variants in chromosomes 8q24 and 17q with prostate cancer (CaP) risk in Caucasians, particularly those harboring aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of these variants on CaP susceptibility in Singaporean Asian men.We performed a case-control study in 289 Chinese CaP patients and 412 healthy subjects (144 Chinese, 134 Malays, and 134 Indians), and examined the association of the 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with CaP.In the healthy subjects, rs16901979 A-allele frequency was highest amongst Chinese (0.32) compared with Malays (0.13; P0.0001) or Indians (0.09; P0.0001); rs6983267 G-allele was highest in Indians (0.51) compared with Chinese (0.42; P = 0.041) or Malays (0.43; P = 0.077); whereas rs1859962 G-allele frequency was highest amongst Indians (0.56) compared with Chinese (0.40; P = 0.0002) or Malays (0.38; P0.0001). Individuals with the rs4430796 TT genotype were at increased CaP risk in the Chinese via a recessive model (odds ratios (OR) = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.04-2.33). Significant associations were observed for rs4430796 TT with Gleason scores of ≥ 7 (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.14-2.73) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of ≥ 10 ng/ml at diagnosis (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.01-2.63), as well as for rs6983267 GG with stage 3-4 CaPs (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.01-3.61). A cumulative gene interaction influence on disease risk, which approximately doubled for individuals with at least 2 susceptibility genotypes, was also identified (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.10-4.32).This exploratory analysis suggests that the 5 genetic variants previously described may contribute to prostate cancer risk in Singaporean men.

Background: Forensic dentistry is the examination and evaluation of dental evidence which will be then presented in the interest of justice. Today Forensic dentistry is a essential part of Forensic science. Like fingerprints and DNA, bite marks are unique to an individual. There characteristics in the dental structure such as distance and angles between teeth, missing teeth, fillings and dental work. This type of impression evidence can be left in the skin of a victim and also can be in food, chewing gum and other miscellaneous items such as pens and pencils. The advent of DNA and its recovery from bite marks has offered an objective method of bite mark analysis.

Introduction: The knowledge of the presence of STF in a humerus may be important for preoperative planning for treatment of supracondylar fractures. Objectives: Focused on the STF which is an important variation in the distal end of the humerus. Material and Method: The material consisted of 100 humeri of known sex taken from the Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar. 36 pairs of male humeri and 14 pairs of female humeri were taken. Results: The supracondylar foramen is seen in 26% of total humeri. It was present more in the females as compared to males and more frequently on the left side than on the right side. The translucent septum is found more frequently in the males than in females and more frequently on the right side than the left side. Conclusions: The anatomical knowledge of STF may be beneficial for anthropologists, orthopaedic surgeons, and radiologists in day-to-day clinical practice.

Introduction: The palmaris longus (PL) muscle is described as one of the muscles with most anatomical variations and classified as a muscle in phylogenetic regression. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that the tendon of the PL muscle can be estimated in relation to its length and width before using it as a graft in any surgical procedure. Material and Methods: The material for the present study consisted of 40 limbs (20 – right and 20 – left) of different age groups and sex (28 males and 12 females). The limbs were made available in the Anatomy Department for dissection purpose at Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab. The forearm length (FAL) and PL tendons length (TL) and width (TW) were measured. Degree of association between measurements was calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The mean TL and TW in male cadavers (15.918 ± 1.462 cm and 0.463 ± 0.100 cm) was more than in female cadavers (15.050 ± 1.046 cm and 0.355 ± 0.060 cm) and PL-TW was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). The mean FAL in male cadavers (23.025 ± 2.050 cm) was more than in female cadavers (20.483 ± 1.109 cm) and was found to be highly significant (P < 0.001). A statistically significant correlation was observed between TL and FAL in males (P = 0.010) and in females (P = 0.021). However, TW presented a statistical significance in males only (P = 0.025). The mean TL of the left side (15.690 ± 1.336 cm) was slightly more than the right side (15.625 ± 1.489 cm), whereas the mean TW of the right side (0.435 ± 0.099 cm) was slightly more than the left side (0.426 ± 0.108 cm). The mean FAL on the right side (22.295 ± 2.272 cm) was slightly more than the left side (22.230 ± 2.091 cm). Discussion and Conclusion: The statistically significant correlation observed between the PL-TL and the FAL indicates that the PL-TL can be predicted for reconstructive surgeries preoperatively.

Accessory foramina in the mandible are known to transmit branches of nerves supplying the roots of the teeth. The mandibular foramen is present on the inner surface of the ramus of the mandible which transmits the inferior alveolar nerve. An adult human mandible of unknown sex was found to have multiple mandibular foramina on the medial surface of right ramus. A large accessory mandibular foramen was present anterosuperior to the main mandibular foramen. The dimensions were 6 mm antero posteriorly and 11mm vertically. The dimensions of the mandibular foramen were 9 mm antero posteriorly and 12mm vertically. The distance between two foramina was 20 mm and between the accessory mandibular foramen and apex of lingula was 7 mm. The distance between the posterior border of the accessory mandibular foramen and posterior border of ramus were 15 mm. The accessory mandibular foramen led into a canal which was directed obliquely and joined the mandibular canal at the level of third molar tooth. Two more small mandibular foramina were present one just below the accessory mandibular foramen discussed above and second near the main mandibular foramen. Both of them were of too small size to measure. The accessory mandibular foramen is a rare variation and awareness of its incidence and its position is necessary. The structures passing through it can be compromised during surgical procedures of this area.

Aims and Objectives- To know the most common type of calcanei in North Indian population and itsclinical importance. There are three articular facets on superior surface of calcaneus- anterior, middle andposterior. Three types of calcanei are noted according to number and arrangement of the articular facets-type A, B and C. Methodology - The present studywas done on 300 dry adult human calcanei of unknownsex taken from Department of Anatomy Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and ResearchVallah (Amritsar). Results- In our study Type B was found as the most common type. Type A is the nextmost common. Interpretation- The talocalcaneal joint is important in arthritis and coalition, flat foot, valgus deformity, congenital anomalies and intra articular fractures.

It is an established fact that economists have laid down that energy is the foundation on which a nation’s economy is dependent. There is an ever-growing demand for energy in India to optimise production and improve the living standards of people, especially those living in the remote backward areas. Hydropower is a workable solution for such remote areas to electrify the villages along the river basins as well as afar. This article uses secondary data and informally interviewed anonymous officials to understand the current situation. It aims to analyse and study (1) alternative sources of energy and utilisation of energy as a tool of development in the Himalayan region of India in general and Himachal Pradesh in particular and (2) its impact and benefits to the people of the state by developing energy resources. Hydropower has a significant role to play in the economic development of Himachal Pradesh and its impact on the nature and people of the state. The politico-administrative response needs to be assessed and upgraded according to the policies and strategies formulated by the government for effectiveness.

Modified rapeseed meal was prepared using five commercial enzymes namely, pepsin, papain, trypsin, ficin and hemicellulase. These preparations were used for measuring antinutritional factors and functional properties Antinutritional factors declined remarkably with different enzymes. Treatment with ficin improved nitrogen solubility, water and fat absorption capacity, foaming properties and viscosity. Emulsifying properties decreased with enzyme modification. Hemicellulase treated meals showed good emulsifying activity and emulsion stability as compared to proteolytic enzymes.

Background and Objective.The lateral masses of axis have good cancellous bone quality beneath the articular surface of facets that make this area a good site for the insertion of an internal fixation device.Methods.60 dry axis vertebrae were obtained for anatomic evaluation focused on pedicle, superior and inferior articular facets, and foramen transversarium. Based upon linear and angular parameters the mean, range, and standard deviation were calculated.Results.The mean length, width, and height of the pedicle were 21.61 ± 2.37 mm, 8.82 ± 2.43 mm, and 5.63 ± 2.06 mm. The mean pedicle superior angle and median angle were 23.3 and 32.2 degrees. The mean superior articular facet length, width, and external and internal height were 16.34 ± 1.56 mm, 14.35 ± 1.75 mm, 8.98 ± 1.36 mm, and 4.23 ± 0.81 mm. Depth of vertebral artery was 4.72 ± 0.83 mm. Mean inferior articular facet length and width were 11.13 ± 1.43 mm and 7.89 ± 1.30 mm. The mean foramen transversarium length and width were 5.11 ± 0.91 mm and 5.06 ± 1.23 mm.Conclusions.The study may provide information for the surgeons to determine the safe site of entry and trajectory for the screw implantation and also to avoid injuries to vital structures while operating around axis.

Antinutritional factors, viz. glucosinolates, phenols, and phytic acid, decreased with germination of rapeseed. Protein content declined during the first 24 h after imbibition and thereafter increased. Phytase activity increased with germination with a parallel decrease in phytic acid content. Two phytase fractions were separated during elution on DEAE-cellulose column, showing purifications of 26.75- and 19.96-fold, respectively. Optimum pH and temperature for both fractions were 5.2 and 50 °C, respectively. Enzyme stability decreased considerably after 50 °C, and phytase 2 was stable for a longer time. Mn, Co, Ca, and EDTA promoted the enzyme activity, whereas ions of Zn, Fe, Cu, fluoride, molybdate, and arsenate were inhibitory. Keywords: Antinutritional factors; characterization; germination; phytase