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According to Chinese Medicine system, Chinese honeysuckle have a lot of valuable metabolites which have a various potential like anti-inflammatory action, antidiabetic, analgesics, antipyretic, eliminates pollutants etc. According to Chinese Medicinal System, the plant is mentioned to cure various diseases like peptic ulcer, diabetes, inflammation etc. It is frequently given for patients with colds that include fever, headaches, and sore throats, but it may also be used to help people who are overheated or under stress chill down. Total 72 articles were found out by the help of online database including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science and 63 had selected. Different keywords like Chinese honeysuckle, Qusqualis indica phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology were used to searched the content. The purpose of this review is to summarize the previously reported phytochemicals, pharmacological status of the chosen Chinese plant species. Our findings indicate that Chinese honeysuckle contains a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and terpenoids. Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated that extracts and isolated constituents exhibit significant pharmacological activities and other therapeutic properties. Chinese honeysuckle is a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be incorporated into human diets in low doses and hold potential for treating a range of medical conditions, from minor to severe. This review aims to encourage further research on this plant species, particularly focusing on its toxicity and bioactivity.

Introduction: Chinese fuzi, or Aconitum ferox (A. ferox), is a member of the Ranunculaceae family. The Chinese medical system states that A. ferox tubers and roots are frequently used to treat a wide range of illnesses, including rheumatic fever, collapse, syncope, sore joints, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, diabetes, oedema, bronchial asthma, tumors, and several endocrine issues. Methodology: Total 60 articles were found out by the help of online database including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science and 55 had selected. Different keywords like A. ferox phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology were used to searched the content. The purpose of this review is to summarize the previously reported phytochemicals, pharmacological status of the chosen Chinese plant species. Results: Our findings show that A. ferox includes a wide range of physiologically active chemicals, such as flavonoids and terpenoids. Furthermore, past research has shown that A. ferox plant extracts and extracted principles have substantial pharmacological action, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-melanogenic, and other properties. Discussion: According to the research listed below, A. ferox has a high potential for developing medicines and supplements for prophylactic as well as therapy of cancer, ulcer, diabetes, and other diseases. Furthermore, clinical research has demonstrated that A. ferox is a safe and effective plant for human consumption. Conclusion: A. ferox is a great source of bioactive compounds that may be put into human meals in a low dose and show promise in the treatment of minor to life-threatening medical conditions. This review will inspire other scientists to conduct more research on the selected plant species, particularly in the areas of toxicity and bioactivity.

Background: According to Chinese Medicine system, Chinese honeysuckle have a lot of valuable metabolites which have a various potential like anti-inflammatory action, antidiabetic, analgesics, antipyretic, eliminates pollutants etc. It is frequently given for patients with colds that include fever, headaches, and sore throats, but it may also be used to help people who are overheated or under stress chill down. Objective and method: The present study is designed to screen out through SDSPAGE electrophoresis from the various proteins from Chinese honeysuckle (characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry), evaluated their antimicrobial potential by using various microbial species (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 0441 and Escherichia coli MTCC 1573 with renowned standards). Results: Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of different primary and secondary metabolite like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, proteins, saponin, phenolic compounds etc. Various proteins are screened out with different kds weight like 10, 25, 30, 35, 48, 50, 55 and 70. The analytical analysis revealed the presence of various groups, protons etc. in proteins. The range of zone of inhibition was found to be 1.2 ± 0.01 to 14.5 ± 0.21. The maximum activity was found out in 70 kda protein against Bacillus subtilis. Conclusion: The data generated would be useful for the preparation of monograph of the plant. Generated scientific data may open the various doors for new researchers in coming future,

Background: The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the herbal gels containing Chinese Eucalyptus Oil or Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (E. globulus) using different polymers (Methylcellulose, HPMC, Carbopol-940) and checked their antimicrobial effects against different microorganisms. the oil from Eucalyptus globulus has a good medicinal value in the Chinese medicine system. Methods: A topical gels formulation were designed by using mentioned oil with polymers, as well as gelling agent with different excipients. Microbial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Aspergillus tubingensis (A. tubingensis) have been selected for the study. Results: The gel's physical properties complied with the necessary standards. These four gel compositions efficiently stop some strains' development. Studies show that the gel was also particularly effective against gram-negative and fungal bacteria. The Zones of inhibition (ZOI) were found between 1.2 and 10.2 µm. The formulation F4 have good antifungal potential. Conclusion: The herbal gel was found to have highly promising anti-fungal and anti-fungal activity against many skin-related infections in a concentration-dependant manner but further research must be needed.

Introduction: Livistona chinensis (L. chinensis) or Chinese fan palm is a tropical and subtropical plant that is commonly planted across the world. Its fruits are fleshy, green in appearance, and contain a firm seed. The biochar produced from Chinese fan palm fruit is an excellent source for the adsorption of colours from bodies of water for subsequent disposal. Biosorption is a great and environmentally beneficial method of removing contaminants from the environment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners utilised it to treat cancer. Experiments have indicated that extracts of L. chinensis fruits and seeds have antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects. Flavanoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, alkaloids, and other compounds are found in L. chinensis. Methodology: The online database including Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched using different keywords: L. chinensis phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. The purpose of this review was therefore to summarize the previously reported phytochemicals, pharmacological status of the chosen Chinese plant species. Results: Our findings show that Livistona chinensis includes a wide range of physiologically active chemicals, such as flavonoids and terpenoids. Furthermore, past research has shown that L. chinensis plant extracts and extracted principles have substantial pharmacological action, including anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-melanogenic, and other properties. Discussion: According to the research listed below, L. chinensis has a high potential for developing medicines and supplements for prophylactic as well as therapy of cancer, ulcer, diabetes, and other diseases. Furthermore, clinical research has demonstrated that jujube is a safe and effective plant for human consumption, and as such, it should be included in dietary intakes as well as active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations. Conclusion: L. chinensis is a great source of bioactive compounds that may be put into human meals and show promise in the treatment of minor to life-threatening medical conditions. This review will inspire other scientists to conduct more research on the selected plant species, particularly in the areas of toxicity and bioactivity.

The chronic exposure of humans to the toxic metal cadmium (Cd), either occupational or from food and air, causes various diseases, including neurodegenerative conditions, dysfunction of vital organs, and cancer. While the toxicology of Cd and its effect on the homeostasis of biologically relevant elements is increasingly recognized, the spatial distribution of Cd and other elements in Cd toxicity-caused diseases is still poorly understood. Here, we use Caenorhabditis elegans as a non-mammalian multicellular model system to determine the distribution of Cd at the tissue and cellular resolution and its effect on the internal levels and the distribution of biologically relevant elements. Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS), we show that exposure of worms to Cd not only led to its internal accumulation but also significantly altered the C. elegans ionome. Specifically, Cd treatment was associated with increased levels of toxic elements such as arsenic (As) and rubidium (Rb) and a decreased accumulation of essential elements such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co) and, depending on the Cd-concentration used in the assay, iron (Fe). We regarded these changes as an ionomic signature of Cd toxicity in C. elegans. We also show that supplementing nematode growth medium with Zn but not Cu, rescues Cd toxicity and that mutant worms lacking Zn transporters CDF-1 or SUR-7, or both are more sensitive to Cd toxicity. Finally, using synchrotron X-Ray fluorescence Microscopy (XRF), we showed that Cd significantly alters the spatial distribution of mineral elements. The effect of Cd on the distribution of Fe was particularly striking: while Fe was evenly distributed in intestinal cells of worms grown without Cd, in the presence of Cd, Fe, and Cd co-localized in punctum-like structures in the intestinal cells. Together, this study advances our understanding of the effect of Cd on the accumulation and distribution of biologically relevant elements. Considering that C. elegans possesses the principal tissues and cell types as humans, our data may have important implications for future therapeutic developments aiming to alleviate Cd-related pathologies in humans.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have become the most common choice for the development of mini- and micro-type soft bio-inspired robots due to their high power-to-weight ratio, ability to be installed and operated in limited space, silent and vibration-free operation, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance properties. Moreover, SMA spring-type actuators are used for developing different continuum robots, exhibiting high degrees of freedom and flexibility. Spring- or any elastic-material-based antagonistic or biasing force is mostly preferred among all other biasing techniques to generate periodic oscillation of SMA actuator-based robotic body parts. In this model-based study, SMA-based spring-type actuators were used to develop a carangiform-type robotic fishtail. Fin size optimization for the maximization of forward thrust was performed for the developed system by varying different parameters, such as caudal fin size, current through actuators, pulse-width modulation signal (PWM), and operating depth. A caudal fin with a mixed fin pattern between the Lunate and Fork “Lunafork” and a fin area of approximately 5000 mm2 was found to be the most effective for the developed system. The maximum forward thrust developed by this fin was recorded as 40 gmf at an operation depth of 12.5 cm in a body of still water.

Besides being chief construction ingredients, concrete and steel produce a high amount of CO2, and high energy consumption promotes global warming. To evade this problem, green and low energy consuming alternative is required. Rapid growing time with the least period to attend optimum strength made bamboo a new immerging mainstream constituent in construction. Bamboo, as one of the probable alternate structural materials, not only promises a sustainable and sturdy option but also reduces the environmental carbon footprint. In this research, article authors replaced steel reinforcement in concrete with bamboo. To establish bamboo as a construction material, a concrete beam of 200 mm × 500 mm is made in which bamboo bars of diameter 20 mm are used with a variation of 1 to 4% of the reinforcement area. Various tests were performed to provide the feasibility of bamboo as construction materials after 28 days of curing, in which test results were found promising. The impact test shows only 25% of wear and tear. Also, bamboo reinforced concrete (BRC) without changing cross sections provided 50% axial compressive strength compared to steel reinforced concrete (SRC). However, in the tensile test, BRC outperformed SRC by providing 50% more resistance against tensile load. Authors also performed rate analysis between SRC and BRC to find that it almost reduces 18% of the cost at a small scale. Hence here, comparative research is provided, and the authors believe that it would pave the road on which forthcoming researchers will walk to reach the destination of finding an alternate, sustainable, and green construction material in the form of bamboo.

Introduction Infection of cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs) may lead to serious complications. Complete CIED explantation is expensive, requires expertise, not free from complications, and may not be an option in patients with device dependence. Aim To highlight that carefully selected infected CIEDs can be salvaged by placing the device in a subpectoral pocket below the pectoralis major muscle. We conducted a retrospective descriptive observational study. Material and Methods Twelve patients (10 male and two female) with erosion, exposure or infection of infraclavicular, subcutaneously placed CIED were treated over a 30-month period between July 2018 and December 2020. The technique involved debridement and excision of a peridevice capsule, creating a subpectoral pocket beneath the pectoralis major muscle, and placing the CIED in a new pocket with total muscle coverage and closure of skin without tension. Results Twelve patients (m = 10; f = 2) with a mean age of 65 years (range, 46–82 years) presented with infection of CIED within 9 months of implantation. None had sepsis or endocarditis. In nine patients, CIEDs were successfully salvaged with relocation to subpectoral pocket. Mean follow-up was 20 months (range, 8–30 months). Three out of 12 developed reinfection that ultimately required CIED explantation. There was no mortality. Conclusion In the absence of sepsis or endocarditis, infected CIEDs may be attempted at salvage by subpectoral pocket placement. This obviates the need for potentially risky explantation or replacement of expensive CIEDs.

In the manufacturing industry, during machining, the conventional cutting fluid plays a vital role; however, extravagant use of cutting fluids due to its disposal affects the environment badly. Nowadays, due to these advantages of conventional cutting fluids, alternative methods of conventional cutting fluids or alternative methods are preferred. One of the most preferred methods may be the minimum quantity lubrication technique with conventional or nanoparticle-enriched cutting fluids. The present paper has a compilation of the investigations based on MQL application in different machining processes such as turning, milling, grinding, and drilling. The machining also involves hard-to-machine alloys. The paper discusses cryogenic MQL in brief and opens the domain for work in future. The purpose of this paper is to provide a quick reference for researchers working on the practical use of MQL lubricants with nanopowders dissolved and their application in machining for different materials.

A nonlinear modified form of Bass model involving the interactions of non-adopter and adopter populations has been proposed to describe the process of diffusion of a new technology in the presence of evaluation period (time delay). The basic aim is to model the diffusion of those technologies which require higher investments, and which require government subsidies for promotions in the various markets. We use government incentives and the costs in the form of external factors, as well as the internal word of mouth that considerably influence the non-adopters decisions. A qualitative analysis has been performed to determine the stability of the various equilibria. The Hopf bifurcation occurs near the positive equilibrium when the time delay passes some critical values. By applying the normal form theory and the center manifold reduction for functional differential equations, explicit formulae presenting stability properties of bifurcating periodic solutions have been computed. Moreover, the intra-specific competition has played an important role in establishing the maturity stage in the innovation diffusion model. Numerical analysis has been carried out to justify the correctness of our analytical findings. Keywords: Delay, Stability analysis, Bifurcation, Normal form theory, Center manifold theorem, Mathematics Subject Classification: 34C23, 34D20, 37L10

Surface roughness is considered as an important measuring parameter in the machining industry that aids in ensuring the quality of the finished product. In turning operations, the tool and workpiece contact develop friction and cause heat generation, which in turn affects the machined surface. The use of cutting fluid in the machining zone helps to minimize the heat generation. In this paper, minimum quantity lubrication is used in turning of AISI 304 steel for determining the surface roughness. The cutting fluid is enriched with alumina nanoparticles of two different average particle sizes of 30 and 40 nm. Among the input parameters chosen for investigation are cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate, and nanoparticle concentration. The response surface approach is used in the design of the experiment (RSM). For the purpose of estimating the surface roughness and comparing the experimental value to the predicted values, three machine learning-based models, including linear regression (LR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM), are utilized in addition. For the purpose of evaluating the accuracy of the predicted values, the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean square error (MSE) were all used. Random forest outperformed the other two models in both the particle sizes of 30 and 40 nm, with R-squared of 0.8176 and 0.7231, respectively. Thus, this study provides a novel approach in predicting the surface roughness by varying the particle size in the cutting fluid using machine learning, which can save time and wastage of material and energy.

Abstract A hybrid lubricant with improved thermal and tribological properties was developed by blending multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with alumina-based nanoparticles into cutting fluid at fixed volumetric proportions (10:90). The hybrid cutting fluid was prepared in different volumetric concentrations (0.25, 0.75, and 1.25 vol%), and the tribological properties and contact angles were measured using pin-on-disc tribometry and goniometry, respectively. The study showed a reduction in wear and friction coefficient with increasing nanoparticle concentration. The cutting fluid performance was investigated using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in the turning of AISI 304 stainless steel. Regression models were developed for measuring the temperature and tool flank wear in terms of cutting speed, feed, depth of the cut, and nanoparticle concentration using response surface methodology. The developed hybrid nanolubricants significantly reduced the tool flank wear and nodal temperature by 11% and 27.36%, respectively, as compared to alumina-based lubricants.

Abstract Arsenic is globally infamous for inducing immunosuppression associated with prevalence of opportunistic infection in exposed population, although the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the effect of arsenic exposure on thymocyte lineage commitment and the involvement of regulatory T cells (Treg) in arsenic-induced immunosuppression. Male Balb/c mice were exposed to 0.038, 0.38 and 3.8 ppm sodium arsenite for 7, 15 and 30 days through oral gavage. Arsenic exposure promoted CD4 lineage commitment in a dose dependent manner supported by the expression of ThPOK in thymus. Arsenic also increased splenic CD4+ T cells and promoted their differentiation into Treg cells. In parallel, arsenic exposure induced immunosuppression characterized by low cytokine secretion from splenocytes and increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) infection. Therefore, we linked arsenic-induced rise in Treg cells with suppressed Th1 and Th2 related cytokines, which has been reversed by inhibition of Treg cells in-vivo using wortmannin. Other parameters like body weight, kidney and liver function, histoanatomy of thymus and spleen as well as thymocyte and splenocytes viability were unaltered by arsenic exposure. Taken together our findings indicated that environmentally relevant dose of arsenic enhanced differentiation of Treg cells which in turn induce immunosuppression in experimental animals.

Background & Objectives: The use of dental implants in partially or completely edentulous patients has proved effective and an accepted treatment modality with predictable long-term success. Dental implants are becoming a popular choice for replacing the missing teeth because of increased awareness about implants both in dentists and patients. The objective of the study was to assess the basic knowledge and education about dental implants among general dental practitioners (GDPs) of Nepal.Materials & Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire was carried out among 110 GDPs which consist of twenty questions that were divided into three categories; first with some basic knowledge in implant dentistry, second with clinical knowledge of dental implants and third with dental implant education and training.Results: Out of 110 GDPs, 72.7% had basic knowledge about implant dentistry and 65.5% were not aware about advance surgical procedures like sinus lift and guided bone regeneration. All the GDPs were positive regarding more training and education in dental implants and 95.5% of them would like to incorporate dental implant treatment in their practice in future. Conclusion: GDPs should have adequate knowledge and training of dental implants which can be incorporated at undergraduate or post doctoral level so that they are skilled to provide quality dental implant therapy to their patients confidently.

A nonlinear form of innovation diffusion model consisting of two driving equations governed by two variables namely adopter and non-adopter population density is proposed to lay stress on the evaluation period. The model is analyzed qualitatively with stability theory, Hopf-bifurcation analysis by taking evaluation period as a control parameter to see the role of evaluation period in shaping the dynamics of adopter and non-adopters. The threshold value of evaluation period is determined beyond which small amplitude oscillations of adopter and non-adopter population occur and goes on decreasing with the increase in carrying capacity of non-adopter class. The sensitivity analysis of the state variables w.r.t. the model parameters is performed at a non-zero equilibrium point. The effect of external influences to achieve maturity stage is also discussed. The analytical results so obtained are verified through numerical simulations by using the Matlab software.

BACKGROUND: 9b is an accessory protein of the SARS-CoV. It is a small protein of 98 amino acids and its structure has been solved recently. 9b is known to localize in the extra-nuclear region and has been postulated to possess a nuclear export signal (NES), however the role of NES in 9b functioning is not well understood. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS/METHODOLOGY: In this report, we demonstrate that 9b in the absence of any nuclear localization signal (NLS) enters the nucleus by passive transport. Using various cell cycle inhibitors, we have shown that the nuclear entry of 9b is independent of the cell cycle. Further, we found that 9b interacts with the cellular protein Crm1 and gets exported out of the nucleus using an active NES. We have also revealed that this NES activity influences the half-life of 9b and affects host cell death. We found that an export signal deficient SARS-CoV 9b protein induces apoptosis in transiently transfected cells and showed elevated caspase-3 activity. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Here, we showed that nuclear shuttling of 9b and its interaction with Crm1 are essential for the proper degradation of 9b and blocking the nuclear export of this protein induces apoptosis. This phenomenon may be critical in providing a novel role to the 9b accessory protein of SARS-CoV.

BACKGROUND:The intrinsically disordered N-ter domain (NTD) of p53 encompasses approximately hundred amino acids that contain a transactivation domain (1-73) and a proline-rich domain (64-92) and is responsible for transactivation function and apoptosis. It also possesses an auto-inhibitory function as its removal results in remarkable reduction in dissociation of p53 from DNA. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS/METHODOLOGY:In this report, we have discovered that p53-NTD spanning amino acid residues 1-125 (NTD125) interacted with WT p53 and stabilized its wild type conformation under physiological and elevated temperatures, both in vitro and in cellular systems. NTD125 prevented irreversible thermal aggregation of heat denatured p53, enhanced p21-5'-DBS binding and further restored DBS binding activity of heat-denatured p53, in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo ELISA and immunoprecipitation analysis of NTD125-transfected cells revealed that NTD125 shifted equilibrium from p53 mutant to wild type under heat stress conditions. Further, NTD125 initiated nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic p53 in transcriptionally active state in order to activate p53 downstream genes such as p21, Bax, PUMA, Noxa and SUMO. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:Here, we showed that a novel chaperone-like activity resides in p53-N-ter region. This study might have significance in understanding the role of p53-NTD in p53 stabilization, conformational activation and apoptosis under heat-stress conditions.