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Background: This study explored the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on hemogram, serum biochemistry and hemostatic variables in female dogs undergoing laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OVH)., Materials: Thirty adult, mixed-breed, healthy female dogs were randomly divided into the following three groups: HBOT + SURG (exposed to two absolute atmospheres (ATAs) for 45 min followed by laparoscopic-assisted OVH), HBOT (exposed to two ATAs for 45 min) and SURG (laparoscopic-assisted OVH). Blood samples were collected at T0 (at the admission), at T1, 24 h after T0 (immediately after HBOT in the HBOT + SURG and HBOT groups, and immediately before anesthetic premedication in the SURG group), and at T2, 48 h after T0 (24 h after HBOT and anesthetic premedication)., Methods: Assessments included erythrogram, leukogram, thrombogram, renal and hepatic serum biochemistry, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) and bloodstain area (BA) on hygroscopic paper collected at the BMBT., Results: Both the HBOT + SURG and SURG groups presented neutrophilia ( p ≤ 0.0039) at T2 and an increase of ALP at T2 ( p ≤ 0.0493), the SURG group presented an increase in leukocyte count at T2 ( p = 0.0238) and the HBOT + SURG group presented a reduction in lymphocyte count at T2 ( p = 0.0115). In the HBOT + SURG group, there was a reduction in PT and APTT in relation to the baseline value ( p ≤ 0.0412)., Conclusions: A session of HBOT at two ATAs for 45 min did not cause changes in the BMBT or BA in healthy female dogs. Some blood parameters investigated (neutrophil and lymphocyte count, ALP, PT and APTT) were affected by the use of HBOT.

Dioctophyme renale (D. renale) is a nematode that parasitizes the kidney of mammals. Treatment is often surgical, with removal of the affected organ. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and surgical aspects, the interval between diagnosis and treatment, the occurrence of pre- and intraoperative complications, and the postoperative survival time of dogs parasitized by D. renale undergoing therapeutic nephrectomy. Records of fifty-two dogs treated in a single hospital service were analyzed. We collected epidemiological data, laboratory results, diagnostic method, anesthetic protocol, surgical technique and time, type of antimicrobial prophylaxis, pre- and intraoperative complications, location and number of parasites, and postoperative survival time. Of the 52 dogs undergoing right nephrectomy by laparotomy, 61.5 % were female and 63.4 % were adults. Although the most common clinical sign was hematuria (25 %), 61.5 % of the patients were asymptomatic. Eosinophilia and increased serum urea were the only laboratory changes found. The interval between diagnosis and surgery was 27.4 ± 23 days and no patient showed changes suggestive of surgical emergency. The most common surgical approach was the right paracostal (61.5 %), and a continuous suture pattern was predominant. Intraoperative complications occurred in 9.6 % of the procedures, varying from mild to severe hemorrhage. Mean postoperative survival was 835.5 ± 428 days. Dioctophymosis was effectively controlled by nephrectomy of the affected kidney, allowing a mean survival of more than 830 days. No serious complications caused by intervals between diagnosis and treatment have been reported. This is the largest retrospective study evaluating dogs infected with D. renale that were surgically treated., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this report., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In this study we aimed to analyze the feasibility of the gasless renal biopsy technique in canine cadavers. The cadavers were randomly divided into two groups: laparoscopic GCG, in which gasless laparoscopy was performed and GCP, laparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum was performed. The procedures were randomly performed on the right and left kidneys. The total surgical time, procedural steps, and intraoperative complications were recorded. The degree of difficulty of the surgical approaches was evaluated by the surgeon, assistant, and external evaluators. Renal samples were evaluated for quality, number of glomeruli, and proportion of renal cortex. The total operative time was higher in the GCG group than in the GCP group (p < 0.01). Additionally, positioning of the second portal and platform positioning took longer than the other steps. The surgical groups differed from each other in the Likert scale values for almost all the parameters regarding the difficulty of the surgical approaches (p < 0.05), with higher scores in the GCG group than in the GCP group. Based on the video recordings, the GCP group had higher scores than the GCG group for degrees of difficulty of the approach (p < 0.05). Renal histological parameters were similar between the surgical groups and surgical sides. Our study findings indicate that the proposed gasless renal biopsy technique is feasible. The longer operative time and technical difficulties in the gasless approach did not affect the quality of the renal specimens., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest related to this study.

A 7-year-old male neutered, 6.5 kg, Maltese breed dog was referred with a history of dysuria after undergoing two cystotomies to remove calcium oxalate uroliths. Survey radiographs were inconclusive. Excretory urography allowed visualization of two filling defects in the cranioventral urinary bladder region. Ultrasonography showed urinary bladder sediments, a diffusely thickened wall, and two circumscribed intramural/intraluminal structures with an anechoic interior and a smooth and regular surface. The cystoscopic diagnosis was urinary bladder abscesses and urine cultures were positive for Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory therapy was started with good clinical outcomes and negative culture after 21 days., (© 2022 American College of Veterinary Radiology.)

The treatment of cutaneous wounds is part of the veterinary routine from initial scientific reports due to being regularly present condition. Currently, several types of treatments are available to accelerate the healing process. This report presents the case of a dog with multiple lesions in the thoracic limbs resulting from a car accident, who underwent larval therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). The animal was a 2-year-old female mixed breed dog presenting severe skin degloving, fracture in the left thoracic limb (LTL), with abrasion lesions and dislocation in the right thoracic limb (RTL). The animal underwent multiple modality therapies, such as HBOT sessions associated with larval therapy; even after the LTL presented gangrene, this treatment resulted in optimal viability of the non-necrotic tissue adjacent to the gangrene. Due to chronic pain unresponsive to drug control and the presence of a fracture at a location where a possible exoprosthesis was supposed to be fixed, the LTL ended up being amputated. There are several reports of the use of HBOT or larval therapy in traumatized limbs; however, the combination of both therapies has not been previously described in the veterinary literature. Thus, we demonstrate through this report that it was possible to quickly recover the animal with good wound resolution through tissue oxygenation and a healthy granulation bed, both provided by the therapeutic combination., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Laparoscopic procedures require the creation of pneumoperitoneum. CO 2 , which must be cold and dry, is the standard gas used in such surgeries. The type of gas used, its temperature, and moisture may change the peritoneal surface and cause systemic and local oxidative stress. Our objective is to evaluate the influence of pneumoperitoneum heating on the occurrence of histological lesions in the peritoneum, inflammation, plasma oxidative stress, and on the mesothelial surface in patients undergoing video-assisted ovariohysterectomy. Twenty canine females were included and distributed evenly into two groups: heated CO 2 (HG) and unheated CO 2 (UHG). The biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated before insufflation ( T 0), at 30 min ( T 1), and at 60 min ( T 2) of exposure to CO 2 . Biopsies of the peritoneal tissue for histological evaluation were performed at T 0 and T 2. Regarding plasma parameters, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) showed a greater activity in the HG at T 1 ( p =0.0268) and T 2 ( p =0.0423); in turn, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) showed a greater activity at T 2 in the HG ( p =0.0175) compared with T 0. Catalase activity (CAT) was different between HG times; it was higher at T 1 ( p =0.0253). There was a decrease in the levels of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) ( p =0.0117) and in glutathione (GSH) ( p =0.0114) between T 0 and T 2 in the UHG. Regarding tissue oxidative stress, the CAT in the HG showed a greater activity at T 2 than T 1 ( p =0.0150). By comparing the groups at each time, there was a difference only at T 2 ( p =0.0288), being greater in the HG. Regarding the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the HG, there was a difference between T 2 in relation to T 0 and T 1 ( p =0.0181); finally, there was an increase only at T 1 ( p =0.0287) in the UHG when comparing groups at the same time. There were no differences in the histological parameters evaluated. Our study demonstrates that the heating of CO 2 generates a greater inflammatory response and forms reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the plasma and peritoneal levels., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Vanessa Milech et al.)

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped bacterium, which plays a role in the aetiology of gastric diseases in humans. Non- H . pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) species naturally colonise the stomach of animals and also induce gastric lesions in humans, highlighting their zoonotic importance. We evaluated the gastric bacterial colonisation density and gastric lesions and sought to identify the main phylogenetic groups of the Helicobacter spp. obtained from dogs in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with this study aiming to investigate the occurrence of Helicobacter spp. in saliva and gastric samples from these dogs. This study included 35 dogs and used analysis such as cytology, histopathology, PCR, rapid urease testing, and phylogenetic analysis. Of the dogs, 94.3% were positive for Helicobacter spp., and these bacteria were present in the stomach of 32 dogs and saliva of eight. Respectively, eight, 15, and nine dogs had mild, moderate, and severe colonisation. Lymphocytic-plasmacytic infiltrate was the main gastric lesion. However, the presence of Helicobacter and the density appeared to be unrelated to the gastric lesions. The samples possessed a high nucleotide identity with remarkably similar sequences among some of the species of NHPH such as H . heilmannii s.s. , H . salomonis , H. felis, and H. bizzozeronii. The saliva of domestic dogs, even of those who appear clinically healthy, can cause Helicobacter infection in humans and other animals, with, in these dogs, increased density, occurrence rate, and predominance of NHPH of zoonotic importance being found in the stomach with a lower occurrence of Helicobacter spp. in the saliva., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Daniel D. Guerra Segundo et al.)

The purpose of this study was to assess the unilateral prefemoral coelioscopic-assisted approach for ovariosalpingectomy in a d`Orbigny slider (Trachemys dorbigni) using a digital otoscope. Twenty healthy turtles were randomly assigned to one of two groups, for right (GR; n=10) or left (GL; n=10) prefemoral access, for coelioscopic-assisted ovariosalpingectomy. Anesthesia and surgery times, body weight, and ovary/oviduct weight data were recorded. Anesthesia and surgery times did not differ significantly between the groups. Wound closure was the most time-consuming surgical step. Ovary and body weights significantly affected the exposure time of the ipsilateral and contralateral ovaries, respectively. Two intraoperative complications were reported. All the animals recovered uneventfully. The digital otoscope can be safely and effectively used for coelioscopic-assisted single-access, unilateral prefemoral ovariosalpingectomy in d`Orbigny slider.

A lamb presented with recurrent prolapse of the descending colon. On clinical examination, intussusception of the descending colon with the prolapse of a segment was verified. The external anal sphincter had a rupture, extending to the lacerated wound in the anus. The lamb underwent colopexy with the two-portal video-assisted incisional technique and was discharged 6 days after the surgical procedure with a satisfactory clinical outcome. There were no recurrences or complications for at least 9 months. Video-assisted colopexy is an alternative treatment for intussusception and recurrent colon prolapse in sheep, even in the presence of an external anal sphincter rupture.

Urethral prolapse is a rare condition in dogs and cats. A 7-month-old male cat presented with intermittent penile bleeding and a red mass protruding from the tip of the penis. Urethral prolapse was diagnosed by using a surgical microcamera to examine the genital area. Urethroplasty and preputial advancement surgery were performed using a surgical microscope, to successfully correct the urethral prolapse.