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Mayonnaise is an oil in water (O/W) semi-solid emulsion that is widely used in the food industry as salad dressing, sauce, and condiment. The use of eggs in the production of mayonnaise was considered health concerns for some people. This study aimed to determine the effect of egg replacer on the physical, chemical, microbiological and organoleptic properties of egg-free probiotic mayonnaise. This study used one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with variation treatment of egg replacer were 0% (P0), 5% (P1), 10% (P2), 15% (P3) and, 20% (P4). Variables observed included: pH value, amount of lactic acid bacteria, viscosity, stability, droplet size, moisture content, fat content, and organoleptic. The parametric data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), non-parametric data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis test, and the droplet size were described descriptively qualitatively. The result of the study showed that the optimal amount of egg replacer was at concentration of 10% (P2) that showed 2,88 on pH value; 7,39 log of Lactic Acid Bacteria, 17.775 cP on viscosity, 89,88% on stability, 32,64% moisture contents, 53,56% fat content, small and uniform droplet size, slightly yellow color, slightly sweet taste, creamy texture, and slightly soy flavor. The amount of egg replacer had a significant effect (p0,05) to increased pH value, total LAB, viscosity, stability, moisture content and decreased the droplet size, fat content, and organoleptic of the egg-free probiotic mayonnaise.

This research aims to see how innovation culture is essential for a business organisation. However, more than a culture of innovation needs to look only at the trigger aspect, it also needs to look at the impact that will be created. Therefore, this research will explain the relationship between entrepreneurs and business characteristics in the context of the ability to see opportunities and improve in creating an innovation culture and the impact of innovation culture on achieving business continuity. Using a sample of 147 (98 per cent) entrepreneur respondents in Palembang, the research hypothesis was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis with Warp PLS version 5.0 software. The results conclude that the entrepreneur's characteristics, the ability to see opportunities, and the ability to improvise positively affect company innovation culture, and innovation culture positively affects business continuity in family firms in Palembang.

Abstract The main object of this research is to efford to give foundation to the praxis of social theology here, now, and beyond (hic, nunc, et tunc). On regarding the state of question and content of epistemology and theology do not assume each other, so the focus of this research could be formulated as follow: How could epistemology give the positive roles in any discourse about in the extending dan profounding the social theology which characterized by some con(multi)textual? Either epistemology or theology constitute two the autonom clusters. Each of them has the special method. The historical method through this research, however, builds bridge between philosophy in one hand and the theology in the other. This method is due to the principles for the convergence of sources. State of the art elaborates the reflections of Wolfhard Pannenberg and Johann Baptis Metz which would be confrontated with the concept of proflection. This research finally promotes two patters which are intercomplementary. Abstrak Kajian ini bermaksud mengikhtiarkan pendasaran praksis teologi sosial di sini, sekarang, dan melampaui (hic, nunc, et tunc). Mengingat duduk perkara dan isi epistemologi dan teologi tidak saling mengasumsikan, maka fokus kajian ini dirumuskan begini: Bagaimana epistemologi dapat berperan positif dalam diskursus tentang pengembangan dan pendalaman teologi sosial yang bercorak kon(multi)tekstual? Baik epistemologi maupun teologi merupakan dua rumpun ilmu yang otonom. Mereka memiliki metodologi yang berbeda. Namun, metode historis dalam kajian ini menjembatani antara arus filosofis dengan teologis. Metode ini sesuai dengan asasnya, yakni konvergensi sumber. State of the art berangkat dari pengolahan atas refleksi, misalnya Wolfhart Pannenberg dan Johann Baptis Metz, yang akan dikonfrontasikan dengan konsep tentang profleksi. Akhirnya kajian ini menyodorkan dua pola yang saling melengkapi.

Community empowerment and household waste processing are two issues that need to be resolved by the government. An independent and educated society is an important pillar to support the development of country. Meanwhile, waste that continues to accumulate without processing has a negative impact on health and the environment. Public education about household waste processing can be a solution to the two problems above. Education was carried out at Junior High School YBPK Surabaya and residents of Dukuh Kupang Surabaya, and other participants who joined in a hibrid meeting with a total of 116 participants. Activities at YBPK Surabaya took place on 25 March and 5 August 2023 and activities at Dukuh Kupang Surabaya took place on 27 May and 26 August 2023. The types of waste processed are organic waste and used cooking oil, which are then converted into eco-enzymes and used cooking oil Activities are divided into 2 stages. there are community education activities and program sustainability monitoring activities. The community education activities includes presentation and workshop were hold in March 2023 at YBPK Surabaya Middle School and May 2023 at Dukuh Kupang Surabaya. The evaluation of sustainability program including individual practice and monitoring of activities was carried out in August 2023 at Dukuh Kupang Surabaya. Methods for implementing activities include presentation, practice accompanied by a mentor, individual practice, and monitoring program sustainability. Based on the analysis of participants' ability, the participant scores before and after the activity was increase. It means that this training succeeded in increasing participants' knowledge and skills in processing waste, especially organic waste and used cooking oil waste. A total of 72 out of 116 participants (62%) had processed household waste either individually or in groups. Activity evaluation data shows that these activities are necessary and on target to create an independent and creative society.

SUMMARY: Finger arthroplasty is commonly used to treat pain in the finger joints due to osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Despite the procedure having existed for a relatively long time, it is still unknown which characteristics influence implant survival. The Dutch Arthroplasty Registry (LROI) is one of the 4 registries worldwide registering finger arthroplasties. This study aimed to investigate impact factors for implant survival regarding finger joint arthroplasty and assess registration completeness using the national healthcare claims database to compare.A total of 951 primary arthroplasties and 84 revision arthroplasties of the finger joints were registered. A higher likelihood of primary and revision surgery was found in female patients. The third and fourth proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints were the most frequently operated in primary surgery; however, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints were the most frequently revised joints. Silicone implants were used in most cases and evenly throughout all digits. Suboptimal registration completeness was shown for plastic surgeons with just 35.5%–37.4% of all surgeries registered. Although orthopedic surgeons do not perform most surgeries on the hand, they registered 76.5%–78.2% of surgeries. No statistical analyses were justified, considering the low completeness and limited follow-up.Female gender and PIP joint disease are possible risk factors for primary arthroplasty. MCP arthroplasties showed higher revision rates. However, participation rates and, therefore, data completeness were not optimal. To optimize participation, improving ease of registration should be explored. Furthermore, we urge readers who deal with joint implants to register their surgeries in the LROI database because only optimal registration completeness leads to high-quality data.

This research aimed to synthesis of N-base compounds based on benzimidazole derivatives and their potential as antibacterials, antioxidants, and anticancer. The synthesis was conducted in two stages, namely the intermediate (benzimidazole derivatives) and the final product (N-mannich base), using five variations of organic acids and SiO2OAlCl2 as catalyst. The results showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized and characterized by The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The purity of the synthesized compounds was monitored by Thin layer chromatography (TLC), melting point test, Ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis), and Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The five intermediate compounds and five mannich base products yield 77 %-89 % and 65 %-85 %, respectively. The final products were applied through antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) by disc diffusion. Mannich base compounds have potential antibacterial agents, but only 4A and 4E gave the best inhibition zone diameter. Meanwhile, the antioxidant testing result using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method showed the best activity in the mannich base compound 4E. The anticancer test result showed that the five mannich base compounds had potential as anticancer agents.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology integrated into the Internet of things (IoT) networks often poses security and privacy concerns due to its attack vulnerability. This research proposed a lightweight cryptographic model tailored for implementation in resource-constrained environments. The objective is to address security challenges while accommodating limited memory, power, and size requirements. A combined modified 126-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with a 256-bit elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) cryptographic key was utilized to develop lightweight cryptography for securing RFID data. The implementation used the Python programming language in Jupyter Notebook, with RFID operating at 13.56 Mhz. The methodology involved retrieving RFID data through additional programs and equalizing ECDH keys for encryption and decryption. Encryption and decryption testing demonstrated a high success rate, achieving an accuracy of 99.9%. The first encryption attempt required 85.125 ms, with the second attempt completed faster at 65.95 ms, showcasing improved efficiency. File encryption sizes averaged 29.875 bytes for the initial attempt and 30.1 bytes for the subsequent one. This research was limited to algorithm evaluation and had not been implemented in hardware. However, the proposed hybrid cryptography offers significant benefits for maintaining the confidentiality of RFID data within IoT environments. Rapid, efficient, and compact encryption of unique identifier (UID) data ensures enhanced security, thereby addressing critical concerns associated with RFID-enabled IoT networks.

Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is common liver disease often found and occurs in community. Prevalence of liver disease (NAFLD) has risen rapidly along with an increase obesity incidence in women. Inflammation condition in obese condition causing an increase in IL-6, Platelets Count (PLTC), and Aldosterone level increased risk of developing NAFLD. Aim: To analyze differences IL-6, PLTC, and Aldosterone level between Obese and Non-Obese Women. Methods: This study was an observational cross-sectional analytical study that conducted in November-January 2021 at Diponegoro National Hospital (RSND) Semarang. Inclusion criteria for respondents in this study were being middle-aged women (30-49 years), healthy, and willing to take part in this study. Total respondent in this study was 60 people then divided into two groups that is Obese and Non-Obese Group. The degree of fatty liver was examined using the ultrasound method. Platelet count (PLTC) were measured by Indico Blood Analyzer. Meanwhile IL-6 and Aldosterone level analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 that including normality, different tests, and regression tests. Result: Incidence of fatty liver in the obese group was significantly different from the non-obese group (p

The population growth in Indonesia continues to increase every year, which causes a higher level of demand for civil buildings and houses. 3D concrete printing is an innovative construction method that has recently begun to be applied to the construction industry and has proven to be profitable in terms of optimizing construction time, cost, design flexibility and error reduction as well as being environmentally friendly. The geopolymer 3D printer is a 3D concrete printing machine specifically for extruding geopolymer mortar materials. This study aims to design a mechanical construction system for a 3D printer geopolymer machine. Geopolymer mortar has a unique strength compared to cement mortar and dries faster so it has better molding properties. The design of the cartesian type geopolymer 3D printer machine uses the VDI 2222 design method which consists of planning, conceptualizing, designing, and finishing. Based on this design method, a printing area of 5m x 5m x 3m is designed with a maximum printing speed of 100 mm/s. The results of this design meet the demands and are stated to be technically good in static calculations.

Abstract Stereotypes can exert a powerful influence on our interactions with others, potentially leading to prejudice when factual evidence is ignored. Here, we identify neuroanatomical and developmental factors that influence the real-time integration of stereotypes and factual evidence during live social interactions. The study uses precisely quantified communicative exchanges in a longitudinal cohort of seventeen-year-olds followed since infancy, testing their ability to moderate stereotype tendencies toward children as contrary evidence accumulates. Our results indicate that the impact of stereotypes on communicative behavior is linked to individual variations in gray matter density and cortical thickness in the right anterior cingulate gyrus. In contrast, the ability to moderate stereotype tendencies is influenced by developmental exposure to social interactions during the initial years of life, beyond the effects of familial environment and later experiences. These findings pinpoint a key brain structure underlying stereotype tendencies and suggest that early-life social experiences have lasting consequences on how individuals integrate factual evidence in interpersonal communication.

Abstract Background Long-lasting symptoms with a possible relation to psychosomatic comorbidity have been described following COVID-19. However, data is sparse in general practice. The trial’s objective was to investigate the time-dependent frequency of disease symptoms and relation to psychosomatic comorbidity and daily life impairment (DLI). Methods Comparative cohort study of patients reporting a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and uninfected controls in general practice. Participants were recruited in 14 general practices in the greater Munich area. Data collection was questionnaire based with a 12 months follow-up. Descriptive statistics, multivariable regression and bivariate correlations were used for analysis. Results A total of n = 204 cases infected up to 42 months ago (n = 141 Omicron, n = 63 earlier variants), and n = 119 controls were included. Disease symptoms were substantially more prevalent in cases (55–79% vs. 43% within one year of infection). This difference also appeared in the multivariable analysis adjusting for socio-demographics and psychosomatic comorbidity with odds ratios (OR) of 4.15 (p

This study investigates the extent to which social network characteristics, religious identity, and past political participation influence voting intentions in Indonesia's 2024 general election, with a particular focus on the implications of religiosity in a predominantly Muslim society. A quantitative survey method was employed, gathering primary data through both online and offline surveys from 314 participants across selected locations in Indonesia. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to analyse the relationship between social network characteristics, religious identity, and voting intentions. The results revealed that social network characteristics, such as the frequency of interaction and socio-political discussions, do not significantly influence voting intentions. In contrast, religiocentrism negatively impacts voting intentions, suggesting that individuals with more conservative religious beliefs are less likely to vote. However, past offline political participation was found to be a strong positive predictor of voting intentions. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that address the concerns of conservative religious groups and reinforce the civic duty associated with voting. Understanding the limited role of social networks in this context can inform strategies to increase voter turnout in future elections. This study provides new insights into the complex interplay between religious identity, social networks, and political behaviour in Indonesia, a predominantly Muslim and culturally diverse nation, particularly in the post-pandemic socio-political landscape.

Objectives The use of technology has rapidly increased in the past century. Artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) are now applied in healthcare and medical education. The purpose of this study was to assess the readiness of Indonesian teaching staff and pediatric residents for AI integration into the curriculum. Methods An anonymous online survey was distributed among teaching staff and pediatric residents from 15 national universities. The questionnaire consisted of two sections: demographic information and questions regarding the use of IT and AI in child health education. Responses were collected using a 5-point Likert scale: strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and highly agree. Results A total of 728 pediatric residents and 196 teaching staff from 15 national universities participated in the survey. Over half of the respondents were familiar with the terms IT and AI. The majority agreed that IT and AI have simplified the process of learning theories and skills. All participants were in favor of sharing data to facilitate the development of AI and expressed readiness to incorporate IT and AI into their teaching tools. Conclusions The findings of our study indicate that pediatric residents and teaching staff are ready to implement AI in medical education.

Abstract Background The clinical characteristics of pediatric critically ill patients who need referral to a tertiary hospital is often unknown in resource limited settings where constraints in diagnosis capacity, resources, and infrastructures are common. There is a need to increase insight in the characteristics of these patients for capacity building strengthening and appropriate resource allocation. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill children who are referred to a tertiary referral teaching hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods A prospective observasional study was carried out from July 1st, 2022 -January 31st, 2023 which included all critically ill pediatric patients who were referred through the Integrated Referral System (SISRUTE) to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of dr. Sardjito hospital. We excluded patients who were referred with a request for admission to the PICU, but were not admitted to the PICU due to their stable condition and lack of the need for intensive care. Result During the study period, we received 1046 emergency referral requests for pediatric patients via SISRUTE, of those, 562 (53.7%) patients were critically ill. The reasons of PICU referral request were the need of solely intensive care 504 (89.7%), the need of multidisciplinary team care, including intensive care 57 (10.1%) and parents request 1 (0.3%). The pre-referral emergency diagnosis was shock 226 (40.3%), respiratory distress/failure 151 (26.7%), central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction 135 (24.1%), trauma 33 (5.9%) and sepsis 17 (3%). Of the 562 critically ill PICU referral requests, 473 (84.2%) requests were accepted. One hundred and eighty-one (58.7%) patients were finally admitted to the PICU, 125 (40.3%) admitted to our regular ward due to stable condition, 4 (1.3%) patients died in Emergency Departement (ED). The remaining accepted patients on request did not arrive in our facility due to various reasons. The mean (SD) response time was 9.1 (27.6) minutes. The mean (SD) transfer time was 6.45 (4.73) hours. Mean (SD) PICU and hospital length of stay was 6.7 (8.3) days and 10.2 (9.2) days respectively. PICU and hospital mortality was 24.3% and 29.7%, respectively. Conclusion The mortality rate for critically ill pediatric patients referred to a tertiary PICU still high, with shock being the most common pre-referral emergency diagnosis. There is a discrepancy between the referring hospital’s and the referral hospital’s indication for PICU admission. The time required to reach the referral hospital is quite lengthy.

Estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI) is an essential step in forensic investigations, particularly those involving homicides and unwitnessed deaths. However, traditional methods occasionally yield inconsistent estimates. Histological and molecular techniques are considered crucial in forensic pathology and are frequently employed to estimate the time interval of death. The gingiva is an oral mucosal tissue used to estimate PMI. This review aimed to examine the potential of histological methods to determine PMI using oral mucosal tissue, namely the gingiva, and to investigate changes that occur in oral mucosal tissue at different time intervals when compared with those in normal tissues. The oral mucosa comprises layers of stratified squamous epithelium and connective tissue. Similar to other body tissues, changes are known to occur in the gingiva after death, and these cellular and tissue changes should also be considered. Alterations in the gingiva include homogenisation, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, karyolysis, chromatin clumping, eosinophilia, collagen fibre degradation, and the loss of tissue architecture. Reviews collating the results of original trials have consistently reported how the oral mucosa is altered by autolysis and how such changes can be observed in histological tissue morphology after death. Histology is an acceptably accurate technique for estimating PMIs.

Background: Fibroma of the tendon sheath (FTS) is a rare slow-growing noncancerous fibrous tumor that is usually small, painless and involves the upper extremity tendons in young adult males. FTS of the lower extremity is an unusual and underreported variety that poses a diagnostic preoperative challenge. Case description: We report an atypical case of a large fibroma of the vastus lateralis tendon in a 58-year-old female presented with a painful lump in her right thigh within the past six months. Physical examination showed a hard firm mass approximately 6 cm in diameter palpated in the anterior of the lower thigh. The mass was smooth, mobile, solid, and had well-defined borders. There was no adhesion to the skin, redness, or tenderness. MRI showed a 4,2 x 5,8 x 6,2 cm tumor with isointense signals on T1-weighted images (T1WI), heterogeneous hypointense signals on T2-weighted images (T2WI), and hyperintense signals on FatSat images. Biopsy revealed no malignant findings and the tumor had been surgically resected. Imaging studies for FTS have rarely been described, T1WI often show a low signal mass, with slight isointense to hypointense to the muscle. The T2WI’s appearance of FTS is more variable. Conclusion: In spite of rarity, FTS must still be included as a differential diagnosis of a thigh mass especially if the mass is painful and benign-appearing on physical exam and radiology.

Ne’ Balungkur represents the inherited living value of traditional paddy farming lived by Dayak Kanayatn. Concerning the ecofeminism ideology, this study aims to reveal the existence of women and nature in traditional paddy farming in Ne’ Balungkur folklore in relation to the cultural-value system. Enriching the ecofeminism perspective in this study, the community prominent figure of the Dayak Kanayatn community was interviewed to give triangular validity to the data interpretation. Exhibiting comprehensive ecofeminism analysis to show the representation of woman empowerment through Dayak Kanayatn's code of conduct in planting to harvesting paddy is the main contribution of this study. Ne’ Balungkur demonstrates how women of the Dayak Kanayatn tribe are respected for their roles in traditional paddy farming and cultivation. This woman’s role in Ne’ Balungkur folklore challenges the customary male supremacy in Indonesian agriculture. This study is also able to identify the pattern of the cultural-value system. The pattern of the domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme analysis shows that the current religious system, which blends ritual, custom, and religion into a single thought, has always been entwined with culture and education. Numerous opportunities for incorporating local folklore especially from West Borneo into official educational contexts are suggested by this study

Penyakit hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular (PTM) penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia. Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang tidak dapat disembuhkan dan dengan resiko komplikasi yang tinggi. Beraktivitas fisik secara teratur merupakan salah satu cara dalam mengurangi risiko komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan derajat hipertensi pada lansia peserta prolanis di Puskesmas Ngawen II Gunungkidul. Desain penelitian kuantitiatif dengan jenis deskriptive korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh lansia penderita hipertensi peserta prolanis di Puskesmas Ngawen II Gunungkidul sejumlah 150 orang. Jumlah sampel 50 orang, diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling, yaitu lansia yang mengikuti kegiatan prolanis pada tanggal 8 Januari 2023. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner Physical Activities Scale for Elderly (PASE), analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran aktivitas fisik lansia penderita hipertensi peserta prolanis 39 responden (78%) tingkat aktivitas fisik sedang, 6 responden (12%) tingkat aktivitas fisik baik dan 5 responden (10%) tingkat aktivitas fisik kurang. Gambaran derajat hipertensi lansia peserta prolanis adalah 29 responden (58%) hipertensi kategori ringan, 15 responden (30%) hipertensi kategori sedang, dan 6 responden (12%) hipertensi kategori berat. Hasik uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara aktivitas fisik dengan derajat hipertensi pada lansia penderita hipertensi peserta prolanis dengan nilai p value 0.002. Peneliti merekomendasikan agar lansia lebih meningkatkan aktivitas fisik sehari-hari. Aktivitas fisik yang cukup dan teratur terbukti dapat menurunkan derajat hipertensi sehingga resiko komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi dapat dicegah dan diturunkan.

Abstract Oxide heterostructures exhibit a vast variety of unique physical properties. Examples are unconventional superconductivity in layered nickelates and topological polar order in (PbTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n superlattices. Although it is clear that variations in oxygen content are crucial for the electronic correlation phenomena in oxides, it remains a major challenge to quantify their impact. Here, we measure the chemical composition in multiferroic (LuFeO3)9/(LuFe2O4)1 superlattices, mapping correlations between the distribution of oxygen vacancies and the electric and magnetic properties. Using atom probe tomography, we observe oxygen vacancies arranging in a layered three-dimensional structure with a local density on the order of 1014 cm−2, congruent with the formula-unit-thick ferrimagnetic LuFe2O4 layers. The vacancy order is promoted by the locally reduced formation energy and plays a key role in stabilizing the ferroelectric domains and ferrimagnetism in the LuFeO3 and LuFe2O4 layers, respectively. The results demonstrate pronounced interactions between oxygen vacancies and the multiferroic order in this system and establish an approach for quantifying the oxygen defects with atomic-scale precision in 3D, giving new opportunities for deterministic defect-enabled property control in oxide heterostructures.

Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Ester of Monoglyceride (DATEM) has been used in bread making to improve its dough and final product properties. The efficiency of DATEM in bread with the presence of sugar is yet to be studied. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of DATEM addition on sweet bread properties, i.e., its water content, loaf volume expansion, porosity and organoleptic properties. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was employed with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The variables were the addition of DATEM, i.e., 0%, 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.45%, 0.6% (w/w) of the total flour. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the significance level of 5%. The study showed that DATEM significantly impacts the physical and organoleptic properties of sweet bread. As DATEM concentration increases, so does moisture content, porosity, and loaf volume. Consequently, the texture becomes softer, and fewer crumbs are produced. Overall, DATEM enhances sweet bread properties, with 0.6% concentration yielding the best results. Sweet bread with 0.6% DATEM exhibited 34.05% moisture content, 76.86% loaf volume expansion, and 3.38 mm porosity.

Renewable energy has an important role today, one of which is hydroelectric power plants which use water as the main resource. The operation of a hydroelectric power plant generally aims to maximize the water discharge available in the reservoir in order to obtain maximum energy generation. The main driver of hydropower development is the hydraulic turbines. It's a mechanical device that turns the potential energy of water into electrical energy. So researchers are interested in conducting research with the title analysis of the effectiveness of electrical energy based on reservoir conditions. The method used in this research is daily data collection in the form of reservoir elevation level data, outflow, and data on the electrical power generated by the generator. After that, calculate the water volume, hydraulic power, turbine mechanical power along with turbine efficiency, and the efficiency of the generator. Then analyze the values of hydraulic power, turbine mechanical power, electrical power based on water discharge over time. As well as analyzing the efficiency of the generator based on the electrical power that can be generated over a period of one year. Based on research, it is known that an increase in powerplant efficiency occurs after draining the reservoir with a value range of 70% - 72%, because mud deposits accumulate in the reservoir resulting in the reservoir water volume capacity not being optimal.

Shadow puppets are starting to be abandoned by teenagers in Indonesia due to globalization. This study aims to develop a Javanese shadow puppet-based sports game to introduce shadow puppets to teenagers – Borg & Gall development research. The research stages are preliminary studies, validation assessment by six experts in the field of sports games, shadow puppet experts, and graphic design experts. Validation using the Delphi technique, with data analysis using Aiken’s V content validity coefficient. Furthermore, the trial stage with a sample of 34 adolescents aged 12–19 years, divided into 14 on a small scale trial and 20 on a large scale trial. The data collection technique used a survey with a questionnaire instrument using Likert scale with a score range of 1–5. The results of this study produced a Javanese Kigfun Game (J-KIG), a sports game product that combines soccer and softball sports games with shadow puppet characters from the Ramayana story. The J-KIG game obtained valid results with a score of 0.8–1. The small-scale trial received a feasibility assessment of 87% with the criteria "Very Feasible," while the large-scale trial obtained a feasibility assessment of 84% with the terms "Feasible."

Resources recovery of calcium and phosphates from respective green mussel shells and bovine bones by calcination and chemically extracting are viable precursors for carbonate-rich apatite biomedical material applications. Because of their high osteoconductivity, carbonate-rich apatite bioceramics are being studied intensively for synthetic bone transplants. In the study, powder processing routes of calcination and following chemical dissolution in MgCl2 and H2SO4 were each for recovering calcium of mussel shells and phosphate of bovine bones yielding a crystal-forming solution feedstock for use in microwave-irradiated synthesis. FTIR spectra and XRD patterns validated the crystallinity and phase identification for as-synthesized powders. As a result, the presence of CO3, PO43-, and OH- bands in carbonate-calcium phosphate complexes were present in FTIR spectra. According to the XRD Rietveld method, the as-synthesized powder product contained brushite, carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA), calcite, and gypsum. The recoverable CHA crystallites' size was 40 nm. This present study demonstrated that microwave irradiation synthesis of CHA powder with calcium and phosphates derived from mussel shells and bovine bones is the potential to yield a large amount of CHA for bioceramics and would aid in the design of a powder processing step for preparing the CHA powder precursor in biomedical applications.

Natural killer (NK) cell therapy represents an attractive immunotherapy approach against recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), as EOC is sensitive to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. However, NK cell antitumor activity is dampened by suppressive factors in EOC patient ascites. Here, we integrated functional assays, soluble factor analysis, high-dimensional flow cytometry cellular component data and clinical parameters of advanced EOC patients to study the mechanisms of ascites-induced inhibition of NK cells. Using a suppression assay, we found that ascites from EOC patients strongly inhibits peripheral blood-derived NK cells and CD34+ progenitor-derived NK cells, albeit the latter were more resistant. Interestingly, we found that higher ascites-induced NK cell inhibition correlated with reduced progression-free and overall survival in EOC patients. Furthermore, we identified transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 to correlate with ascites-induced NK cell dysfunction and reduced patient survival. In functional assays, we showed that proliferation and anti-tumor reactivity of CD34+ progenitor-derived NK cells are significantly affected by TGF-β1 exposure. Moreover, inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling with galunisertib partly restored NK cell functionality in some donors. For the cellular components, we showed that the secretome is associated with a different composition of CD45+ cells between ascites of EOC and benign reference samples with higher proportions of macrophages in the EOC patient samples. Furthermore, we revealed that higher TGF-β1 levels are associated with the presence of M2-like macrophages, B cell populations and T-regulatory cells in EOC patient ascites. These findings reveal that targeting TGF-β1 signaling could increase NK cell immune responses in high-grade EOC patients.

Abstract Hot Flow anomalies (HFAs), one of the most well‐analyzed transient phenomena in the Earth's foreshock, are known as kinetic structures driven by tangential discontinuities (TDs). Recently, a 2‐dimensional (2D) magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model reproduced HFAs with either a high‐ or low‐density core. Further investigation of an HFA with two cores observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission is reported. The observation via the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission suggests this MHD HFA is associated with a foreshock density hole‐like structure. The trailing flux tube in simulation may propagate with a TD in the foreshock. Our work suggests that HFAs with two low‐density cores can also be achieved in MHD process. Results show the total ram pressure can be an excellent diagnostic for the presence of transient structures, such as HFAs, at the bow shock.

Background and Aim: In the livestock sector, particularly ruminants, an approach to minimize methane emissions can be carried out through a feeding strategy involving herbal plants containing bioactive compounds that can reduce protozoa and decrease methane gas emissions. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effects of herbal plant supplementation on rumen fermentation, total gas, and methane production, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and protozoa populations within the rumen. Materials and Methods: Two experiments were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the most promising herbal plants capable of increasing total gas production and reducing protozoan populations. Three potential herbals selected in Experiment 1 were continued in Experiment 2 as supplements in the palm kernel meal (PKM)-based ration (70% PKM + 30% herbal plants). Results: Experiment 1 revealed that Eurycoma longifolia (EL), Cola acuminata (CLA), and Cassia alata (CSA) were potential herbal candidates for enhancing total gas production and the percentages of IVDMD and IVOMD. In Experiment 2, supplementation with EL, CLA, and CSA significantly increased IVDMD from 62.84% to 70.15%, IVOMD from 61.61% to 53.18%, and NH3 from 13 mM to 17 mM, as well as reduced partial volatile fatty acids and total gas production. In addition, the methane gas and protozoan populations were reduced. Conclusion: The utilization of EL, CLA, and CSA effectively increased the production of total gas, IVDMD, and IVOMD while reducing methane gas protozoa populations in rumen fermentation compared with the control.

This study investigates the medicinal properties of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa by extracting its bioactive compounds with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Ethyl acetate extract had the highest total phenolic content, while hexane extract had the lowest. The ethanol extract had the highest total flavonoid content, with hexane extract having the lowest. Ethanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 28.61 ± 0.56 μg/mL. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry profiling identified major compounds like menthol and salicylic acid. Fraction 6, with rhodomyrtone content of 728 μg/mL, had the most dominant rhodomyrtone compound. Higher solvent polarity correlated with higher total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity, but lower saponin content. Based on its contents, further studies are needed to investigate its ability to reduce enteric methane, enhance immunity, and adapt to climate change, both in vitro and in vivo in ruminant livestock.

Abstract Direct electron detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy give unprecedented possibilities for structure analysis at the nanoscale. In electronic and quantum materials, this new capability gives access to, for example, emergent chiral structures and symmetry-breaking distortions that underpin functional properties. Quantifying nanoscale structural features with statistical significance, however, is complicated by the subtleties of dynamic diffraction and coexisting contrast mechanisms, which often results in a low signal-to-noise ratio and the superposition of multiple signals that are challenging to deconvolute. Here we apply scanning electron diffraction to explore local polar distortions in the uniaxial ferroelectric Er(Mn,Ti)O3. Using a custom-designed convolutional autoencoder with bespoke regularization, we demonstrate that subtle variations in the scattering signatures of ferroelectric domains, domain walls, and vortex textures can readily be disentangled with statistical significance and separated from extrinsic contributions due to, e.g., variations in specimen thickness or bending. The work demonstrates a pathway to quantitatively measure symmetry-breaking distortions across large areas, mapping structural changes at interfaces and topological structures with nanoscale spatial resolution.

Abstract Background Integration of a patient’s non-invasive imaging data in a digital twin (DT) of the heart can provide valuable insight into the myocardial disease substrates underlying left ventricular (LV) mechanical discoordination. However, when generating a DT, model parameters should be identifiable to obtain robust parameter estimations. In this study, we used the CircAdapt model of the human heart and circulation to find a subset of parameters which were identifiable from LV cavity volume and regional strain measurements of patients with different substrates of left bundle branch block (LBBB) and myocardial infarction (MI). To this end, we included seven patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and LBBB (study ID: 2018-0863, registration date: 2019–10–07), of which four were non-ischemic (LBBB-only) and three had previous MI (LBBB-MI), and six narrow QRS patients with MI (MI-only) (study ID: NL45241.041.13, registration date: 2013–11–12). Morris screening method (MSM) was applied first to find parameters which were important for LV volume, regional strain, and strain rate indices. Second, this parameter subset was iteratively reduced based on parameter identifiability and reproducibility. Parameter identifiability was based on the diaphony calculated from quasi-Monte Carlo simulations and reproducibility was based on the intraclass correlation coefficient ( $${ICC}$$ ICC ) obtained from repeated parameter estimation using dynamic multi-swarm particle swarm optimization. Goodness-of-fit was defined as the mean squared error ( $${{{\chi}}}^{{2}}$$ χ 2 ) of LV myocardial strain, strain rate, and cavity volume. Results A subset of 270 parameters remained after MSM which produced high-quality DTs of all patients ( $${{{\chi}}}^{{2}}$$ χ 2

Abstract The hemibiotrophic Basidiomycete pathogen Ganoderma boninense (Gb) is the dominant causal agent of oil palm basal stem rot disease. Here, we report a complete chromosomal genome map of Gb using a combination of short-read Illumina and long-read Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) sequencing platforms combined with chromatin conformation capture data from the Chicago and Hi-C platforms. The genome was 55.87 Mb in length and assembled to a high contiguity (N50: 304.34 kb) of 12 chromosomes built from 112 scaffolds, with a total of only 4.34 Mb (~ 7.77%) remaining unplaced. The final assemblies were evaluated for completeness of the genome by using Benchmarking Universal Single Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) v4.1.4, and based on 4464 total BUSCO polyporales group searches, the assemblies yielded 4264 (95.52%) of the conserved orthologs as complete and only a few fragmented BUSCO of 42 (0.94%) as well as a missing BUSCO of 158 (3.53%). Genome annotation predicted a total of 21,074 coding genes, with a GC content ratio of 59.2%. The genome features were analyzed with different databases, which revealed 2471 Gene Ontology/GO (11.72%), 5418 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) Orthologous/KO (25.71%), 13,913 Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins/COG (66.02%), 60 ABC transporter (0.28%), 1049 Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes/CAZy (4.98%), 4005 pathogen–host interactions/PHI (19%), and 515 fungal transcription factor/FTFD (2.44%) genes. The results obtained in this study provide deep insight for further studies in the future.

Abstract Background High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is often used in pediatric populations with respiratory distress. In adults, the respiratory-rate oxygenation (ROX) index is used as a predictor of HFNC therapy; however, children have age-associated differences in respiratory rate, thus may not be applicable to children. This study aims to find the reliability of ROX index and modified P-ROX index as predictors of HFNC therapy failure in pediatric patients. Methods Subjects in this analytical cross-sectional study were taken from January 2023 until November 2023 in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Inclusion criteria are children aged 1 month to 18 years with respiratory distress and got HFNC therapy. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to find mP-ROX index cutoff value as a predictor of HFNC failure. The area under curve (AUC) score of mP-ROX index was assessed at different time point. Results A total of 102 patients, with 70% of the population with pneumonia, were included in this study. There are significant differences in the ROX index between the successful and failed HFNC group therapy (p

This article urgently examines the pressing need for research on metaverse technology (MT) within the tourism and hospitality marketing (THMK) context in Indonesia. Despite its potential, the current state-of-art-of MT research in THMK remains underexplored and limited particularly within tourism and hospitality marketing landscape. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) using the PRISMA Protocol and focusing on ProQuest database articles from 2012-2022, this study vigorously assessed 313 articles narrowing down to 34 relevant ones. These articles were meticulously analyzed to unveil the current state of MT within THMK context for the past decade. The study findings revealed that the current state of art of MT Research in THMK is substantially increasing although there were relatively limited studies in hospitality setting with very narrow and limited range of theoretical and methodical perspectives. Six dimensions of MT in THMK were identified, namely big data analytics, 3-D virtual representation, and augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), smart, Internet of Things and blockchain technology. Using SLR provides an empirical foundation for understanding the current landscape of MT research in THMK within Indonesia, highlighting the need for further exploration and development. By addressing this urgent research gap, scholars and practitioners can unlock the full potential of MT in transforming THMK practices in Indonesia.

Abstract Background Depression is a common mental health disorder and the second leading cause of disability worldwide. In people with depression, low depression literacy, which could be characterized by a poor recognition of depressive symptoms and less knowledge about the availability of treatment options, can hinder adequate therapy for depression. Nevertheless, questionnaires measuring depression literacy in Germany are rare. Consequently, for the present study, the German Depression Literacy Scale (D-Lit) has been revised and evaluated. Methods First, a team of clinical psychologists revised the D-Lit German scale. Next, cognitive interviews were conducted with patients with depression to improve the comprehensibility of the scale items. Our revision of the D-Lit-R German scale was then subjected to an anonymous online study. Finally, the data went through an exploratory factor analysis, and sociodemographic subgroup analyses were performed. Results N = 524 individuals (age 18–80) completed the D-Lit-R German scale and a questionnaire on their sociodemographic data. Cronbach´s alpha was estimated as α = .72, and McDonald's Omega (categorical) was estimated as ω = .77. The mean Item difficulty was M = .75 (SD = .15). An EFA was performed for a unidimensional model, a 5-factor-model and at last a 3-factor-model. The 5-factorial model showed a good model fit (χ2 emp,WLSMV(131) = 92.424, p > .05; CFI = 1, RMSEA = 0, SRMR = .07) but was rejected since the content of the potential 5 factors could not be determined. The 3-factor model showed an arguable model fit. The Chi2 test was significant (χ2 emp,WLSMV(168) = 199.912, p

Isatin is a unique compound with many bioactivities such as antiviral, anti-HIV, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antifungal. In this study, isatin derivatives were synthesized with an iodine catalyst and tested for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Isatin derivatives were conducted through a Knoevenagel condensation reaction between isatin and malononitrile. The products were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography, melting point apparatus, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and LC-MS. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained at 10% mol of catalyst, at boiling point ethanol solvent for 30 min. The yield of the isatin derivative products was 71% (3a), 61% (3b), and 67% (3c). The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were weak activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The antioxidant activity test resulted in IC50 values of 266.47, 220.43, and 654.85 ppm for compounds 3a, 3b, and 3c, respectively. The synthesis method using an iodine catalyst in this reaction offers a higher product yield compared to a catalyst-free reaction.

ABSTRAK Kulit buah naga merah mengandung serat, antioksidan, dan antimikroba yang cukuptinggi sehingga apabila digunakanpadapembuatanmi basah dapat memperkaya kandungan nutrisi dan memperpanjang umur simpanmi basah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaankulit buah naga merah dalam bentuk sari terhadap kadar serat kasar, daya simpan, karakteristik sensoris pada mi basah.Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap terdiri dari 5 ulangan dan 4 perlakuan yakni penggunaan sari dengan konsentrasi 0% (P0); 30% (P1); 60% (P2); dan 90% (P3). Sampel mi basah dengan perlakuan P3memberikan hasilterbaik dengan kadar serat kasar sebesar 2.10%, daya simpan selama 43.2 jam, tekstur kenyal serta berwarna merah muda. Peningkatan konsentrasi sari yang digunakan meningkatkan kandungan kadar serat kasar, daya simpan, dan daya terima panelis terhadap produk mi basah. Kata kunci: Daya simpan, Kulit buah naga merah, Mi basah, Serat ABSTRACT Red dragon fruit peel contains high fiber, antioxidants, and antimicrobials, so when used in making wet noodles, it can enrich the nutritional content and extend the shelf life of wet noodles. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of using red dragon fruit peel in the form of juice on crude fiber content, shelf life, and sensory characteristics of wet noodles. This research was designed using a completely randomized design consisting of 5 replicates and 4 treatments, namely the use of juice with a concentration of 0% (P0); 30% (P1); 60% (P2); and 90% (P3). Samples wet noodles with P3 treatment experienced the best treatment with crude fiber content of 2.10%, shelf life for 43.2 hours, chewy texture and pink color. Increasing the concentration of juice used increases the crude fiber content, shelf life, and panelist acceptance of wet noodles products. Keywords: Shelf life, Fiber, Red dragon fruit peel, Wet noodles

This paper aimed to explore out how the dimensions of experiential marketing have been applied in the official Indonesian tourism website. It is the qualitative paper which basically focuses on content analysis, data were obtained through literature documents (journals and articles) and internet documents. The dimensions discussed on engaging all five senses, creating link with customers, creating surprise, themes the experience (giving a clear message) and memorability. Basing on the way the website operates, the findings show that, the dimensions towards implementing the experiential marketing while promoting and advertising the attractions in Indonesia is fulfilled. The paper shows how the internet revolutionary has changed the way of marketing the tourism products when experiential marketing is well utilized. The purpose of this paper was to find out whether the experiential marketing via website is done right or not and the result showed ,the dimensions are followed and applied but not smarter as it was expected, there is need to have more research which will account how many consumers visit the destinations due to the role played by the website, to this point the paper can help the academicians to conduce more researches on this point, the government and other policy makers will be helped by the paper to amend and do some improvements on the way of running the website. For example, some of the destinations are not well described, meaning no clear details concerning the destinations especially to the new customers who visit the website for the first time.

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes using the Discovery Learning learning model on the theme The Beauty of Togetherness, the sub-theme Togetherness in Diversity in class IV of Sei Beras Sekata Catholic Private Elementary School for the 2022/2023 Academic Year. This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK), the subjects in this research are 25 class IV students, consisting of 11 male students and 14 female students. The data collection techniques used are observation and tests. The results of this research indicate an increase in student learning outcomes. The results of the research in cycle I were 8 students who got a pass mark or 32%, while 17 students who did not complete it or 68% with an average score of 61.96. In Cycle II there were 22 students who met the criteria for completeness or 88%, while there were 3 students who did not complete it or 12% with an average score of 80.32. So there was an increase from cycle I compared to cycle II and it had fulfilled the specified completeness. Furthermore, teacher activity in cycle I observation obtained an average of 72% and in cycle II it increased to 92%, while student activity in the learning process in cycle I obtained an average of 60% and in cycle II it increased to 90%.

Abstrak Tanggal 9 Januari 2021, terlah terjadi bencana alam tanah longsor terjadi di Dusun BojongKondang, Desa Cihanjuang, Kec. Cimanggung, Kab. Sumedang. Keberadaanya masyarakat di zona merah sangat berbahaya. Ditambah dengan kondisi lereng yang relative curam sehingga perlu dilakukan studi terhadap stabiltas lereng untuk mengetahui faktor keamanan (SF) dari lereng tersebut. Pemukiman disekitar lokasi bencana alam tanah longsor dapat dikatakan aman jika nilai factor keamanan (safety factor) lerengnya >1,5. Dilakukan analisis terhadap pemodelan keretakan tanah untuk mendapatkan faktor keamanan terkritis di mana tanah dimodelkan sebagai tanah pasir (behaving like sand). Hal ini dapat diselesaikan dengan mengaplikasikan The Concept of Cracked Soil. Penelitian mengenai keretakan tanah baru dilakukan 10 tahun terakhir. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian dengan melakukan kajian lapangan untuk menemukan posisi retakan di lereng, dan pada tahun 2020 dilakukan pemodelan analisis numeric untuk stabilitas lereng dalam kondisi retak. Kata kunci: Stabilitas Lereng, Tanah Longsor, Behaving Like Sand Abstract On January 9 2021, a landslide occurred in BojongKondang Hamlet, Cihanjuang Village, Cimanggung District, Sumedang Regency. The existence of people in the red zone is very dangerous. coupled with the relatively steep slope conditions. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to carry out a slope stability analysis study to find out what the safety figure (SF) of the slope is. Settlements close to landslide disaster locations can be said to be safe if the slope safety factor is >1.5. In the analysis, modeling of soil cracks was also carried out to obtain the value of the critical safety factor by modeling the soil as behaving like sand. This problem can be solved by applying The Concept of Cracked Soil. Research related to crack soil has only been carried out in the last 10 years. The next research was a field study to find the position of cracks on the slope, and finally in 2020 numerical analysis modeling was carried out regarding slope stability in cracked conditions. Keywords: Landslides, Slope Stability, Behaving Like Sand

Tengger is one of the tribes in East Java Province, Indonesia practising traditional medicine by using mantras and medicinal plants. A disease with a high incidence rate and widely treated with medicinal plants in Indonesia, including in Tosari District, Pasuruan Regency, is diarrhoea. To conserve traditional medicine, mainly the utilization of medicinal plants as anti-diarrhoea agents, it is necessary to develop a database that keeps up with technological advances. The study aimed to determine medicinal plants utilization for antidiarrheal remedies by the Tengger tribe in four villages of Tosari District, Pasuruan Regency, namely Wonokitri, Tosari, Ngadiwono, and Podokoyo. The study employed the snowball sampling method, which involved conducting semi-structured interviews. The result showed nine medicinal plants for traditional antidiarrheal remedies, with Musaceae (23%) as the most widely used plant family. Most informants used immature plant (56.25%) and fruits (89.58%). In addition, most plants were administered orally (98%) without specific compounding methods (76%). The value of Factor of the informant's consensus (Fic) of plants used for diarrhoea was 0.74. The highest Fidelity Level (FL) and Choice Value (CV) were obtained from Elaeocarpus longifolius Blume at 69% and 2.4, respectively. Based on the findings of the study, E. longifolius has the potential to be further investigated for development in antidiarrheal treatment.

Bananas are a type of climateric fruit that undergoes post-harvest ripening, so bananas are easily damaged and have a short shelf life. Kepok banana flour is one of the food diversification products that can increase add value of kepok bananas. The production of kepok banana flour produces brown flour, so the appearance of flour is less attractive. Research aimed to improve quality of kepok banana flour using citric acid. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments given were citric acid concentrations of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8%(w/v). The results obtained were whiteness index values of 75.07%-78.20%, water content of 3.05%-3.55%, reducing sugar of 0.03%-0.012%, color of 1.76-2.16, aroma of 2.00-2.80, and overalls of 2.68-2.92. Increase in the citric acid concentration may increase the reducing sugar, whiteness index, and water content kepok banana flour. The best treatment in the study was a concentration of 0.8% among others.

Glycerol rosin ester (GRE) is extensively used in paint, coating, and adhesives. This study investigated the impact of reaction time, temperature, zeolite-type catalysts, dose and rosin-to-glycerol ratio on esterification of pine rosin. FTIR spectroscopy and acid number measurements confirmed the rosin ester. The highest conversion of 98 % was achieved by natural zeolite catalyst at 250 °C, reaction time 6 hours, catalyst dose of 0.5 %-mass, and rosin to glycerol ratio of 1:1. A higher proportion of strong acid sites in the natural zeolite produced higher conversion compared to ZSM-5, and the catalyst was separable from GRE by high temperature filtration.

Molecular hybridization represents a strategic approach in drug design, where two or more pharmacophoric elements from distinct bioactive molecules are integrated into a single hybrid compound. In this study, we synthesized hybrid compounds of chalcone, triazole, and eugenol through straightforward reactions using 4-hydroxyacetophenone as the starting material. Initially, 4-hydroxyacetophenone (1) underwent alkylation with 1,4-dibromobutane to produce compound 2 with an 84 % yield. Compound 2 was then subjected to azidation, resulting in azidobutoxyacetophenone 3 with a 71 % yield. Subsequently, compound 3 was reacted with either benzaldehyde or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde via base-catalyzed aldol condensation, yielding azidobutoxychalcones 4a (69 %) and 4b (84 %). Finally, azide-alkyne [3+2] cycloaddition between 4a/4b and propargylated eugenol afforded chalcone derivatives bearing eugenol-1,2,3-triazole hybrids 5a and 5b, each with a 90 % yield. • Synthesized chalcones featuring an eugenol-1,2,3-triazole scaffold using 4-hydroxyacetophenone as the starting material. • Synthesis was accomplished through a four-step reaction sequence. • Products were obtained in good yield.

The utilization of catalysts in organic reactions represents a widely utilized principle within the concept of green chemistry. This study focuses on utilizing hydroxyapatite from green mussel shell waste combined with CoFe2O4 as a heterogeneous catalyst for synthesizing 2-amino-4H-chromene derivative. The green mussel shells were calcined to produce CaO, which was then utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite, and then combined with cobalt ferrite through the coprecipitation method. Diffractogram analysis confirmed successful formation of hydroxyapatite, CoFe2O4, and their composite, validated against JCPDS data. Morphological analysis revealed irregular shapes, while magnetic property analysis indicated a slight decrease in the hydroxyapatite-CoFe2O4 composite compared to pristine CoFe2O4. Catalytic activity assessment demonstrated high yields (up to 88 %) under optimized conditions: catalyst concentration of 7.5 % w/w, reaction time of 15 minutes, in ethanol solvent, and using 300 Watts microwave power. The reusability of hydroxyapatite-CoFe2O4 as a catalyst, supported by the XRD and FTIR analyses, demonstrates its structural and chemical stability after five catalytic cycles, showcasing its potential as an eco-friendly and efficient catalyst.

The study examines the impact of customer-based value perception on customer loyalty with food delivery services applications provided by technology services companies in the sharing economy. The data were collected through an online survey from 310 customers of Gojek, Indonesia’s largest food delivery services platform. This study shows that within the context of food delivery apps in the sharing economy, the value proposition design, value co-creation process, and value capture mechanism collectively play crucial roles in establishing the three types of customers’ perceived value – perceived quality value, perceived price value, and perceived emotional value. Furthermore, the research demonstrates that both emotional and price values significantly impact customer loyalty to the food delivery services app. In contrast, the influence of quality value on loyalty is insignificant. The results indicate that it is essential for all culinary sellers or restaurateurs to consider partnering with the best multiservice platform provider company, that provides food delivery services to enhance customers’ emotional value and price value, as customer loyalty is mainly influenced by the platform’s ability to connect the users and service providers at a reasonable/economical price. The study contributes to the development of the theory by testing the robustness of the impact of platform values on customer loyalty using the service-dominant logic.

Optimizing the quality of educators is a crucial aspect of improving the overall quality of educational institutions. This study aims to analyze the application of human resource management (HRM) through job analysis and personnel planning strategies to address the issue of declining educator quality. This research employs a systematic literature review (SLR) method by analyzing nine relevant articles from online databases. The findings indicate that a holistic HRM approach, involving job analysis and personnel planning, can significantly enhance educator quality. Factors such as salary, professional training, workload, and recognition were also identified as triggers for low educator quality. This study suggests the need for an HRM approach tailored to the unique characteristics of each educational institution to achieve optimal results.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja guru SMP Katolik di Manado menggunakan model Evaluasi CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Aspek yang dinilai meliputi konteks lingkungan kerja, kualifikasi, sumber daya, proses pengajaran, dan hasil belajar siswa. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif evaluatif, melibatkan kepala sekolah dan guru sebagai informan. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan, kualifikasi pendidikan, pengalaman kerja, pelatihan profesional, dan fasilitas memadai sangat mempengaruhi kinerja guru. Guru berperan penting dalam pendidikan dengan tanggung jawab merencanakan, melaksanakan, dan mengevaluasi pembelajaran. Kinerja guru harus optimal untuk menjamin pendidikan berkualitas. Pengelolaan kelas yang efektif dan interaksi yang positif antara guru dan siswa juga ditemukan berperan penting dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kinerja guru di SMP Katolik di Manado dapat dicapai dengan memperbaiki lingkungan kerja, menyediakan pelatihan berkelanjutan, dan fasilitas yang memadai.

IntroductionCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) or 11-hydroxylase deficiency (11OHD) is characterized by underproduction of cortisol and overproduction of adrenal androgens. These androgens lead to a variable degree of virilization of the female external genitalia in 46,XX individuals. Especially in developing countries, diagnosis is often delayed and 46,XX patients might be assigned as males. This study aims to describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of a unique cohort of untreated male-reared 46,XX classic CAH patients from Indonesia and discusses treatment challenges.MethodsNine untreated classic CAH patients with 46,XX genotype and 21OHD (n=6) or 11OHD (n=3), aged 3-46 years old, were included. Biometrical parameters, clinical characteristics, and biochemical measurements including glucocorticoids, renin, androgens, and the pituitary-gonadal axis were evaluated.ResultsAll patients had low early morning serum cortisol concentrations (median 89 nmol/L) without significant increase after ACTH stimulation. Three patients with salt wasting 21OHD reported one or more periods with seizures and/or vomiting in their past until the age of 6, but not thereafter. The remaining patients reported no severe illness or hospitalization episodes, despite their decreased capacity to produce cortisol. In the 21OHD patients, plasma renin levels were elevated compared to the reference range, and in 11OHD patients renin levels were in the low-normal range. All adult patients had serum testosterone concentrations within the normal male reference range. In 21OHD patients, serum 11-oxygenated androgens comprised 41-60% of the total serum androgen concentrations. Glucocorticoid treatment was offered to all patients, but they refused after counseling as this would reduce their endogenous androgen production and they did not report complaints of their low cortisol levels.DiscussionWe describe a unique cohort of untreated classic 46,XX male CAH patients without overt clinical signs of cortisol deficiency despite their cortisol underproduction and incapacity to increase cortisol levels after ACTH stimulation. The described adolescent and adult patients produce androgen levels within or above the normal male reference range. Glucocorticoid treatment will lower these adrenal androgen concentrations. Therefore, in 46,XX CAH patients reared as males an individual treatment approach with careful counseling and clear instructions is needed.

Spectral photoacoustic imaging in combination with unmixing techniques may be applied to retrieve information about high-risk features present in atherosclerotic plaques, possibly providing prognostic insights into future stroke events. We present the photoacoustic spectral contrast found in 12 systematically scanned advanced atherosclerotic plaques in the near-infrared wavelength range (850–1250 nm). The main absorbers are lipid, water, and hemoglobin, with the highest photoacoustic intensities at the lipid’s second overtone at 1190 and 1210 nm. Linear unmixing resulted in visualizing regions with high lipid and hemoglobin absorption, corresponding to the histological presence of lipid and intraplaque hemorrhage. A non-negative matrix factorization approach reveals differences in lipid spectral contrast, providing potential insights into the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. These results provide a reference for future, more complex, in vivo photoacoustic imaging of carotid artery atherosclerosis, potentially contributing to assessing the risk of future events and treatment decision.

The high volatility of the terpenes contained in flavour-containing terpene (FCT) products causes the loss of these contents during product storage; thus, measuring the loss of FCT content during storage is important to estimate the final content. This work provides data on the reduction in FCT content of infused pre-rolled paper cones after 1 to 7 days of storage. Determination of FCT content was based on the formation of a reddish-brown precipitate resulting from the reaction of terpene moiety in FCT with sulphuric acid. Then, the absorbance of the precipitate was analysed using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometric method at a visible wavelength of 538 nm. A calibration standard curve was prepared concerning the concentration of the original FCT sample and used to determine the FCT content in infused pre-rolled paper. The FCT content on the first day of storage decreased and increased again after seven days of storage due to condensation. The data on the FCT content reduction as the effect of additive added was also evaluated.