1. Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel.
- Author
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Vera-Estrada, Irma Lucia, Olivares-Ramírez, Juan Manuel, Rodríguez-Reséndiz, Juvenal, Dector, Andrés, Mendiola-Santibañez, Jorge Domingo, Amaya-Cruz, Diana María, Sosa-Domínguez, Adrían, Ortega-Díaz, David, Dector, Diana, Ovando-Medina, Victor Manuel, and Antonio-Carmona, Iveth Dalila
- Subjects
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PREGNANCY tests , *POWER resources , *URINE , *POWER density , *FUEL cells , *MICROBIAL fuel cells , *TITANIUM dioxide , *ELECTRODIALYSIS - Abstract
The direct integration of paper-based microfluidic fuel cells (μFC's) toward creating autonomous lateral flow assays has attracted attention. Here, we show that an air-breathing paper-based μFC could be used as a power supply in pregnancy tests by oxidizing the human urine used for the diagnosis. We present an air-breathing paper-based μFC connected to a pregnancy test, and for the first time, as far as we know, it is powered by human urine without needing any external electrolyte. It uses TiO 2 -Ni as anode and Pt/C as cathode; the performance shows a maximum value of voltage and current and power densities of ∼0.96 V, 1.00 mA cm − 2 , and 0.23 mW cm − 2 , respectively. Furthermore, we present a simple design of a paper-based μFC's stack powered with urine that shows a maximum voltage and maximum current and power densities of ∼1.89 V, 2.77 mA cm − 2 and 1.38 mW cm − 2 , respectively, which powers the display of a pregnancy test allowing to see the analysis results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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