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Many institutions and reasearchers have supported our research and/or contributed with their samples, among them: Museo Arqueológico Regional de Madrid, Museo de Guadalajara, Museo de Albacete, Raquel Aliaga, Rodrigo de Balbín, Enrique Baquedano, Jess Beck, Primitiva Bueno, Susana Consuegra, Miguel Contreras, Rafael Garrido, Raúl Flores, Mauro Hernández and Rubi Sanz. This material is based upon work supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain, under Grant No. PGC2018-095506-B-I00. The reviewers positive and careful comments have substantially improved and clarified the manuscript., All data used is attached and available on line at www.idearq.org, We examine the quantity, contextual quality and spatial distribution of the data gathered in the strontium isotope archaeological database for the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands, an open source available as part of IDEArq (www.idearq.org), the spatial data infrastructure hosted at the Instituto de Historia (CSIC). It has to date 1635 87Sr/86Sr values from human and animal samples, and environmental proxies recovered during archaeological research. The data has allowed us to produce the first regional and peninsular strontium isoscapes for Iberia. We discuss the benefits and limitations of approaching mobility in Iberia through 87Sr/86Sr isotope analysis and suggest directions for future collaborative research., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain, under Grant No. PGC2018-095506-B-I00

Our acknowledgment to Enrique Capdevilla (Instituto de Historia, CCHS-CSIC) for his invaluable suggestions during the implementation of GIS analysis.

La aparición en escena de un nuevo depósito compuesto por siete hachas planas en Yunclillos (Toledo) permite ampliar la escasa muestra de un tipo peculiar de utensilio, caracterizado por su gran tamaño y por su reducido perfil. Se analiza el fenómeno de los depósitos de hachas planas en la península ibérica y pese a la ausencia de un contexto arqueológico de referencia, la tipología y la composición elemental parecen indicar que los depósitos pueden corresponder a un momento inicial de la Edad del Bronce. A new hoard with 7 flat axes found in Yunclillos (Toledo) offers a new perspective about a specific type of axe characterized by its long size and thin section. A reflection about flat axes hoarding in the Iberian Peninsula, most of them without archaeological context, let us propose an Early Bronze Age Chronology based on typological criteria and elemental composition. Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad HAR2017–82685–R Diputación de Toledo

[EN] Mobility is one of the main characteristics of hunter-gatherers and early plant cultivators. Since the 90s, world-wide, mobility studies have made strong progress thanks to the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), involving travel-cost analysis and route modelling, and how these relate to resource accessibility, group interaction, and territoriality. This paper presents a simulation of mobility routes in the Middle Cauca, an Andeanregion located in the Colombian Macizo Volcánico (Cordillera Central), where there is a very complete sequence of preceramic occupations from the Late Pleistocene to the Middle Holocene. We use GIS to tackle this task, by means of cost analysis tools, specifically MADO analysis and least-cost paths generation. Results show a significant association between archaeological sites and potential routes, as well as a coherent and articulated mobility network, [EN] La movilidad es una de las principales características de los grupos cazadores-recolectores e incipientes cultivadores. A partir de los años 90 y a nivel global, los estudios sobre movilidad experimentan un fuerte avance gracias a la aplicación de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), con los análisis de los costes de desplazamiento y el modelado de rutas, así como la relación de estos elementos con el acceso a los recursos, la interacción entre grupos y la territorialidad. El presente artículo se basa en la simulación de rutas de movilidad en el Cauca medio, región andina localizada en el Macizo Volcánico colombiano (Cordillera Central), donde se cuenta con una secuencia muy completa de ocupaciones precerámicas entre el Pleistoceno final y el Holoceno medio. Esta tarea se ha abordado, en el marco de los SIG, mediante herramientas de análisis de costes, concretamente el análisis Modelo de Acumulación del Desplazamiento Óptimo desde un origen (MADO) y la generación de caminos óptimos. Los resultados muestran una asociación significativa entre yacimientos arqueológicos y rutas potenciales, así como una red de movilidad coherente y articulada.

We present the first summed calibrated date probability distributions for the later prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. The SCDPD is based on 4402 determination between 8000 and 3000 BP, a time range beginning in the regional late Mesolithic and running through the Bronze Age. This period is known to see the first introduction of farming at the beginning of the Neolithic, the development of the first large population aggregations during the Copper Age and the subsequent abrupt transition to the substantially diverse Iberian Bronze Age ‘cultures’. The results conform to an exponential model for demographic growth, with a slight “boom and bust” episode between 5300 and 5150 cal BC, some 300 years after the first dated evidence for agriculture in Iberia. The evidence suggest that if migrants from outside Iberia were involved in the introduction of domesticates, this must have happened at a small scale, one not observable through SCDPD. The dating of the observed population “boom” coincides with the decline in frequency of the cardial-impressed and the wide spread of “epicardial” wares throughout the Peninsula. It thus seems reasonable to suppose that these patterns indicate a moderate increase in fertility rates of early farming groups. The SCDPD analysis also suggests that explanatory models for the rise of Copper Age ‘complexity’ or the transition to the Bronze Age should not rely on substantial changes in overall Iberian population densities.

Moturiki is one of the high islands in the Lomaiviti Group, central Fiji. In this article we present exhaustive empirical information on archaeological survey and test pit excavations carried out in 2008 and 2010. An interesting archaeological landscape emerged, with 89 archaeological sites found on Moturiki and neighboring islands Yanuca Levu, Leleuvia, and Caqalai. The sites include ring-ditch villages, terraced villages, isolated house mounds (yavus), and burial sites. Results from one of the test pits on the southeast of the island indicate possible landscape changes in the last millennium, since the ancient coastline is currently buried at around 1 m below the surface. This lowland area has therefore received large amounts of sediment from higher areas, a likely result of human activity. We also documented remains from a previously recorded Lapita site in the island. Overall, a shift in the settlement patterns from the coast, to the interior areas, back to the coast, has been documented. This shift, taking place on extremely small islands, can hardly be explained by environmental changes. The article puts together our findings and hypothesis, as well as providing the emphasis of our methodological approach.

In addition to its legal implications, INSPIRE represents the most important movement towards a true implementation of interoperable spatial data services. Cultural Heritage is a thematic field that is not considered separately within INSPIRE, although some portions of it do fall within the category of Protected Sites, listed in Annex I, and also in the theme Buildings in Annex III. Developing an extended schema for Cultural Heritage data within the INSPIRE framework is an essential step towards allowing heritage information to become yet another part of the wider field of spatial information. Our aim is to achieve this by taking advantage of the benefits of the ¿INSPIRE movement¿. This paper presents some insights into the development of such an application schema, focusing on some general, conceptual considerations upon which that specific data model has been built.

This work has been partially supported by Spanish Government through the projects Investigación en Tecnologías para la valoración y conservación del Patrimonio Cultural (CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 CSD2007-00058) and Definición de un modelo para la representación de aspectos espaciales del Patrimonio (Narional R&D Plan).

We argue in this paper that Levantine rock art in the Spanish Mediterranean basin allows us to ‘map’ the economic landscape of its makers. Rock art would be the ‘monumental’ side of a dual process of landscape construction: on the one hand, rock art is the first ‘cultural’ action on the landscape beginning in the Early Neolithic; on the other hand, the first evidence of active modification of the Mediterranean vegetation comes from this period. But this evidence as well as other kinds of archaeological remains are still relatively scarce in the uplands; rock art is therefore the most complete type of evidence we can use to support an early use of the Mediterranean upland environment. We use statistical and geographical analysis, together with archaeological, ethnohistorical, and ethnographic sources and pollen data, in order to support the idea of early use and exploitation of the Mediterranean uplands since the Neolithic, and into contemporary times., This work has partially benefited from financial and technical support provided by the Spanish Consolider Program (CSD2007-00058), and the Spanish Plan Nacional de I+D+i, Ministry of Science and Innovation (projects HAR2008-06477-C03-03/HIST and CGL2011-30512-C02-01).