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Background: This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate whether prior engagement in a physical exercise program correlated with enhanced perceptions of quality-of-life components among older adults during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Methods: The cohort comprised elderly individuals (aged ≥ 65 years) who had previously partaken in a 12-week randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a mixed aerobic–anaerobic, moderate-intensity exercise program. Participants’ health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey-12 item (SF-12) at the beginning of the initial trial and, again, one year later during the COVID-19 lockdown. In the exercise group, 44 participants were included, while the control group consisted of 49 participants, with computer-based, double-blind randomization conducted in Cagliari, Italy. The differences in scores for each SF-12 item between the two groups from T0 to T1 were compared using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed on average by age (exercise group vs. control group 72.20 ± 4.78 vs. 72.91 ± 4.77; F = 0.513, p = 0.476). A decrease from T0 to T1 towards a better score on the SF-12 was observed in the exercise group compared to the control group in item 1 (F = 67.463, p < 0.0001); in item 5 (F = 4.319, p = 0.041); item 8 (F = 4.269, p = 0.041); item 9 (F = 10.761, p = 0.001); item 10 (F = 170.433, p < 0.001); and item 11 (F = 4.075, p = 0.046). Conclusions: The results suggest that participation in a moderate physical exercise program one year prior may have equipped older adults with better coping mechanisms to navigate the stress and isolation imposed by the COVID-19 lockdown, as reflected by their enhanced scores on quality-of-life components pertaining to mental well-being. Exercise may confer a protective effect against the adverse psychological impacts of stressful events like the pandemic, even among older adults with chronic conditions. This study underscores the potential benefits of exercise interventions for promoting quality of life and preventing mood disorders in the elderly population.

IntroductionItaly is one of the high-income countries hit hardest by Covid-19. During the first months of the pandemic, Italian healthcare workers were praised by media and the public for their efforts to face the emergency, although with limited knowledge and resources. However, healthcare workers soon had to face new challenges at a time when the national health system was working hard to recover. This study focuses on this difficult period to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Italian healthcare workers.Materials and MethodsHealthcare workers from all Italian regions [n = 5,502] completed an online questionnaire during the reopening phase after the first wave lockdown. We assessed a set of individual-level factors (e.g., stigma and violence against HCWs) and a set of workplace-level factors (e.g., trust in the workplace capacity to handle COVID-19) that were especially relevant in this context. The primary outcomes assessed were score ≥15 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and score ≥4 on the General Health Questionnaire-12, indicators of clinically significant depressive symptoms and psychological distress, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were performed on depressive symptoms and psychological distress for each individual- and workplace-level factor adjusting for gender, age, and profession.ResultsClinically significant depressive symptoms were observed in 7.5% and psychological distress in 37.9% of HCWs. 30.5% of healthcare workers reported having felt stigmatized or discriminated, while 5.7% reported having experienced violence. Feeling stigmatized or discriminated and experiencing violence due to being a healthcare worker were strongly associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms [OR 2.98, 95%CI 2.36–3.77 and OR 4.72 95%CI 3.41–6.54] and psychological distress [OR 2.30, 95%CI 2.01–2.64 and OR 2.85 95%CI 2.16–3.75]. Numerous workplace-level factors, e.g., trust in the workplace capacity to handle COVID-19 [OR 2.43, 95%CI 1.92–3.07] and close contact with a co-worker who died of COVID-19 [OR 2.05, 95%CI 1.56–2.70] were also associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms. Similar results were found for psychological distress.ConclusionsOur study emphasizes the need to address discrimination and violence against healthcare professionals and improve healthcare work environments to strengthen the national health system's capacity to manage future emergencies.

Climate change is considered a threat for viticulture by altering phenology, yield, and key physiological processes. The plant responses depend on the genotype characteristics and the microclimate of crop area. In this research, “Castellana Negra”, “Negramoll”, and “Tintilla” were cultivated for 102 days, and physiological variables were assessed under natural conditions. Results indicated similar trends in growth between “Negramoll” and “Tintilla”, while ”Castellana Negra” grew slowly and possessed fewer leaves compared to the other genotypes. Stomatal conductance was constant among the genotypes, excepting “Negramoll”, which demonstrated lower values at d 76 compared to “Castellana Negra” and “Tintilla”, coinciding with the elevated leaf temperature. Regarding the hormonal changes, “Castellana Negra” accumulated the highest concentration of salicylic acid (SA) compared to “Negramoll” and “Tintilla”, which showed similar content. Furthermore, an antagonistic change between SA and jasmonic acid (JA) was observed in all genotypes, as well as between abscisic acid (ABA) and JA at the beginning and end of the trial. The variations in micronutrients did not show a clear tendency between cultivars. Therefore, to thoroughly elucidate the role of phytohormones and other physiological factors in the growth and development of these genotypes under varying environmental conditions, long-term experiments could be conducted.

La familia influye en el desarrollo y bienestar personal, cuestión aún más notable durante la adolescencia. Bajo esta premisa, se busca analizar la satisfacción de 592 alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria con su ámbito familiar y vital. Para ello, se emplea la Family Satisfaction Scale y la Escala de Satisfacción Vital. Los resultados obtenidos son generalmente positivos, si bien manifiestan la necesidad de reforzar cuestiones como la flexibilidad, adaptabilidad y forma de abordar los conflictos en familia, así como de apoyar a quienes consideran no tener una buena vida, desean una distinta o perciben no tener todo lo que quieren.

Generally, water deficit induces a negative impact on vegetative growth and physiological and biochemical processes in Carica papaya L. However, the effects of drought magnitude and duration may be dependent on the ability of the genotype to activate mechanisms of defense against the imposed stress. Thus, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of adding salicylic acid (SA) to the root system via irrigation against water stress. To assess the morphological and physiological responses of papaya to drought stress, seedlings were exposed to a regulated deficit irrigation system combined with the addition of SA to their irrigation water for 44 days. Results showed that water shortage inhibited papaya growth through the reduction in functional leaf number (27%), fresh (13%) and dry weights (17%), and stem width (9%). Moreover, water scarcity significantly decreased stomatal conductance (48%) and chlorophyll content (21%) and increased proline production (31%). Nevertheless, the exogenous application of SA relieved the effects of water stress on these characteristics, yielding similar values to those from control plants. Therefore, these findings prove the effectiveness of SA applied via irrigation in alleviating papaya damage under water deficit by preserving growth, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments, and proline levels.

El acoso escolar es una realidad en todos los centros educativos, así, por tanto, las acciones de prevención y respuesta ante estas situaciones deben ser llevadas a cabo de forma coordinada implicando a toda la comunidad educativa. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido descubrir la percepción de las familias respecto a la violencia escolar, así como su conocimiento y conformidad con las medidas de prevención con las que cuentan los centros escolares. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio que, a través de la respuesta de 127 familias, permitió obtener resultados que confirman diferencias a razón del género, edad, estudios cursados por las familias y género de sus hijos o hijas. Los datos mostraron la importancia de la colaboración entre familia y escuela para la creación de medidas de actuación eficaces, mostrándose también la importancia de protocolos que permitan prevenir estas actuaciones de violencia.

Having children in a household previously constituted by a couple entails a critical phase of the family development cycle, to such an extent that certain authors set in this very moment the beginning of a new family. In addition to the importance of this moment, it is evident that the family dynamics and interactions before the parenthood change and, consequently, new needs requiring socio-educational support arise. Specifically, this research aims to analyze the dynamics of couples with children; 261 people (53.6% women and 46.4% men) completed a questionnaire of 11 items focused, on one side, on the decision-making regarding children and, on the other side, the involvement and commitment on the parenting tasks and the education of their children. Although overall results are positive, attention must also be given to the difficulty in reaching agreements on the children with the partner, and, particularly, who spends more time on upbringing and taking care of their children, helping them with their homework and maintaining the relationship with the school. Unequal household responsibilities may be associated with the fact that women feel more overwhelmed

The transition from primary education to high school is a critical period for the students’ development that is a cause for concern among families, a time when the teachers acquire a remarkable relevance. Specifically, some of the factors affecting the well-being and performance of students and their educational development are the motivation and the importance attached to the teacher. Account taken of the above, this research aims to analyze whether there are differences between the perception of students and their families of different aspects related to these factors. To this end, a questionnaire was used on a sample of 158 participants (103 students and 55 parents), analyzing statistically significant differences using the Mann-Whitney U. Results show discrepancies in the perception of aspects such as whether the teacher helps the student, cares about their personal problems, or encourage them to improve their marks. These data prove a diversity of points of view among the students and their families, which may result from a lack of communication or information about the activities performed in the educational institution. Therefore, it is advisable to improve these aspects to establish a shared vision that would allow students to move forward in the same direction as the families and the educational institution.

The family plays a basic and essential role in the children’s optimal development, although it is a well-known fact that schools also influence this process greatly. Behind the implications that the coexistence at school may have for children beyond academia underlies the relevance and concern of parents about the school climate during coexistence; for otherwise, it may lead to violent situations with several negative consequences for students. For these reasons, this research aims to know the perception of the Primary School students of witnessed or suffered violent behaviors, the type of actions carried out in both cases, and also the point of view of their families about this issue. To this end, 200 students (52% girls and 48% boys) studying 4º , 5º , and 6º grade of Primary School and 92 parents (73.9% mothers and 26.1% fathers) took part in this study. Overall results are generally positive, given that both witnessing and suffering these violent experiences or the passivity in the face of violence are low among students, and families rely on the school and teachers to manage these situations. Nevertheless, it must be highlighted that there is still a proportion of the population, albeit reduced, that makes a more negative assessment. Regarding this issue, the positive parenting programs and those focused on enhancing family school communication may be potential, useful tools.

La relación de pareja es una dimensión central de la vida de las personas que repercute en su felicidad y bienestar. Este tema es de interés para diversas disciplinas, teniendo un amplio recorrido en investigación, y ha sido abordado desde diferentes paradigmas y perspectivas de estudio. Con el objetivo de analizar las investigaciones llevadas a cabo sobre relaciones de pareja desde el año 2000 al 2018, se revisan 83 publicaciones localizadas tras una búsqueda exhaustiva en las principales bases de datos. Los resultados apuntan a que la mayoría de las investigaciones optan por una metodología exclusivamente cuantitativa, tienden a emplear instrumentos ya validados, cuentan con muestras de hasta 250 participantes y abordan temas clásicos como la satisfacción, la sexualidad o la comunicación en pareja. La información aportada permite obtener una visión global del tema de estudio y está encaminada a poder replicar, proponer nuevas o ampliar las investigaciones ya realizadas.

Aim of study: In most areas of vineyards worldwide, cultivars are frequently grafted on specific rootstocks to avoid Daktulosphaira vitifoliae pest attack. Nevertheless, the absence of this pest in Canary Islands allowed the chance to conserve and cultivate traditional or new own-rooted genotypes without the requirement of the rootstocks. To investigate the responses of own-rooted genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. to salt stress conditions, ‘Castellana Negra’ (‘CN’) and ‘Negramoll’ (‘Ne’) were used with the aim to characterize their morphological and physiological responses. Area of study: Canary Islands, Spain. Material and methods: The effects of NaCl stress on growth, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and proline were assessed in ‘CN’ and ‘Ne’ under greenhouse conditions. Main results: In ‘CN’, the decrease of leaf number in stressed plants was lower and started eleven days later than in ‘Ne’. Salt stress also reduced stomatal conductance (gs), although such decrease took place earlier in ‘CN’ than in ‘Ne’. ABA and SA concentrations in ‘CN’ leaves were 2-fold higher than those of ‘Ne’. Salt stress increased leaf ABA and SA content in both genotypes, compared to control. In conclusion, ABA and SA appear to be involved in grapevines responses to salinity and suggest that exogenous SA could be useful to mitigate the stress impacts. Research highlights: ‘CN’ exhibited a better response than ‘Ne’ through the delay of salt injury establishment, and the dissimilar responses between ‘CN’ and ‘Ne’ seem to be associated to the higher accumulation of ABA and SA under salt stress.

En la última década en España se ha producido, dentro de la Educación Patrimonial, un impulso notable en la investigación evaluativa aplicada a programas educativos de museos y otras instituciones patrimoniales. Sin embargo, uno de los ámbitos que aún no se han desarrollado tiene que ver con la profesionalización de los educadores de museos. En este sentido, se plantea un estudio que indaga en las visitas guiadas y la interacción educador-públicos escolares. El objetivo es identificar factores que intervienen en su desarrollo para contribuir a la definición de un colectivo que, aun siendo esencial, no goza de reconocimiento profesional pleno. Así, contando con 3 observadores no participantes, se han realizado 40 seguimientos de visitas guiadas en 7 museos de Asturias de temática histórica. Los participantes han sido grupos escolares desde 1º de Primaria a 2º de Bachillerato (843 estudiantes) y 18 educadores. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de a) la formación inicial de los educadores y su coherencia con la temática del museo; b) la experiencia profesional en el museo y la estabilidad laboral; c) el curso de los escolares y la vinculación entre el trabajo del aula y la temática del museo. Estos hallazgos pueden servir para abrir nuevas líneas de investigación que profundicen en la profesionalización de los educadores y contribuyan a mejorar la calidad educativa en contextos no formales.

La adolescencia es una etapa de constante cambio en el que el papel de la autoestima y el desarrollo de habilidades sociales son clave para garantizar el bienestar presente y futuro. Partiendo de esta premisa, este trabajo busca analizar la valoración que hace el alumnado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de Asturias (España) sobre su autoestima y conocer su nivel de desarrollo de habilidades sociales. Para ello, han participado 277 alumnos con una edad media de 14.4 años. Los instrumentos de recogida de información empleados han sido la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de habilidades sociales. A pesar de que los resultados generales son positivos, pues muestran altos índices de autoestima y de habilidades sociales, hay aspectos como hablar en público o tener una actitud más positiva hacia uno mismo sobre los que sería interesante intervenir. Asimismo, algunos grupos como el alumnado con más suspensos y los que están en cursos superiores requieren de mayor atención.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo la presentación del proyecto PROTECT (PROfessional and TEchnology Competences in Translation). Para su fundamentación y diseño se ha empleado un cuestionario sobre la percepción de las necesidades tecnológicas y profesionales que han respondido 85 estudiantes del grado en Traducción e Interpretación. Con este proyecto se pretende fomentar la adquisición de la subcompetencia instrumental profesional por parte del alumnado universitario, una de las competencias más importantes en el nuevo entorno profesional tecnológico, con el fin de conseguir una transición al mundo laboral más dinámica y efectiva. Para el desarrollo de dicha competencia, se recrean diversos encargos profesionales para los cuales los alumnos tendrán que actuar como traductores profesionales y competir entre ellos para conseguir el encargo, realizarlo con las herramientas tecnológicas profesionales adecuadas, generar facturas y presupuestos y comunicarse con el cliente de manera eficiente para garantizar el éxito de los diferentes encargos y modalidades de traducción. De esta manera, se desarrollará un mayor dominio de herramientas tecnológicas propias del ámbito de la traducción y también transversales para la consecución y desarrollo de encargos reales, logrando una mayor preparación para afrontar diferentes asignaturas especializadas y una menor incertidumbre ante su futuro laboral.

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No Brasil, a incidência do linfedema é pouco conhecida e poucas são as documentações científicas reportando a associação do linfedema com os fatores sociais e econômicos na nossa região. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o impacto dos marcadores socioeconômicos na gravidade do linfedema das extremidades inferiores conforme a classificação de Mowlem, na região metropolitana de Salvador (BA). Dos 324 pacientes estudados, 200 (62%) eram do gênero feminino. A idade variou entre 14 e 69 anos, com mediana de 48 anos. Analisando comparativamente as variáveis: gravidade do linfedema versus grau de escolaridade e gravidade versus renda familiar, observou-se que 93,8% dos pacientes classificados como Mowlem III estavam incluídos no grupo dos pacientes sem escolaridade e/ou com renda familiar de até três salários-mínimos. Não houve registro de doença avançada em pacientes com renda familiar acima de sete salários-mínimos e/ou com terceiro grau completo.In Brazil, the incidence of lymphedema is poorly known, and there is little scientific documentation reporting the association of lymphedema with the social and economic factors in our region. The objective was to analyze the impact of socioeconomic markers on the severity of lymphedema of the lower extremities according to the classification of Mowlem in the metropolitan region of Salvador (BA), Brazil. Of the 324 patients studied, 200 (62%) were female. The age ranged between 14 and 69 years, median 48 years. Comparatively analyzing the varying severity of lymphedema versus education level and severity versus family income, it showed that 93.8% of patients classified as Mowlem III were included in the group of patients without education and/or with income up to three minimum wages. There was no record of advanced disease in patients with family incomes greater than seven minimum wages and/or graduate.