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BACKGROUND: The assessment of affective temperaments has provided useful insights for the psychopathological understanding of affective disorders and for the conceptualization of bipolar spectrum disorders. The Temperament in Memphis Pisa and San Diego (TEMPS) instrument has been widely used in research, yet its psychometric properties and optimal factor structure are unclear.METHODS: The PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE electronic databases were searched from inception until March 15th, 2016. Validation peer-reviewed studies of different versions of the TEMPS performed in adult samples were considered for inclusion.RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies (N=20,787) met inclusion criteria. Several versions of the TEMPS have been validated in 14 languages across 15 countries. The 110-item self-reported version of the TEMPS has been the most studied version. Most studies (50%) supported a five factor solution although few studies performed confirmatory factor analyses. A five-factor solution has consistently been reported for the 39-item version of the TEMPS-A. Overall, evidence indicates that different versions of the TEMPS have adequate internal consistency reliability, while the TEMPS-A-110 version has acceptable test-retest reliability. The methodological quality of included studies varied.LIMITATIONS: A meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of settings and versions of the TEMPS utilized.CONCLUSIONS: Different versions of the TEMPS have been validated across different cultures. The short 39-item version of the TEMPS-A holds promise and merits further investigation. Culture-bound factors may influence the expression and/or assessment of affective temperaments with the TEMPS.

Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating neurocognition in euthymic youths with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls (HCs). Method A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases from inception up until March 23, 2016, for original peer-reviewed articles that investigated neurocognition in euthymic youths with BD compared to HCs. Effect sizes (ES) for individual tests were extracted. In addition, results were grouped according to cognitive domain. This review complied with the PRISMA statement guidelines. Results A total of 24 studies met inclusion criteria (N = 1,146; 510 with BD). Overall, euthymic youths with BD were significantly impaired in verbal learning, verbal memory, working memory, visual learning, and visual memory, with moderate to large ESs (Hedge's g 0.76−0.99); significant impairments were not observed for attention/vigilance, reasoning and problem solving, and/or processing speed. Heterogeneity was moderate to large (I2 ≥ 50%) for most ES estimates. Differences in the definition of euthymia across studies explained the heterogeneity in the ES estimate for verbal learning and memory. We also found evidence for other potential sources of heterogeneity in several ES estimates including co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders, and the use of medications. In addition, the use of different neuropsychological tests appeared to contribute to heterogeneity of some estimates (e.g., attention/vigilance domain). Conclusion Euthymic youths with BD exhibit significant cognitive dysfunction encompassing verbal learning and memory, working memory, and/or visual learning and memory domains. These data indicate that for a subset of individuals with BD, neurodevelopmental factors may contribute to cognitive dysfunction.

Este estudo procurou estimar a prevalência de transtornos do comportamento alimentar (TCA) e identificar fatores de risco entre adolescentes do sexo feminino em Fortaleza (Ceará, Brasil). Realizou-se um estudo seccional com 652 estudantes secundaristas (14-20 anos) usando-se o Teste de Investigação Bulímica de Edimburgo (BITE). Aplicou-se um modelo de regressão logística. Cerca de um quarto das participantes apresentou padrão alimentar de risco e práticas de controle de peso; em 1,2% encontraram-se indícios de TCA instalado. Medo de engordar foi relatado por 62%, independentemente de estudarem em colégios públicos ou particulares (p>0,05), mas uso de práticas de risco foi superior naquelas procedentes de escolas particulares (pThis study sought to estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) and identify risk factors among female adolescents in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It was conducted a sectional study with 652 high school students (14-20 years) using the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE). A logistic regression model was applied. Approximately one quarter of participants showed risk eating pattern and control weight practices, among 1.2% signs of an installed ED were found. Fear of weight gain was reported by 62% of adolescents, independently if studying at public or private schools (p>0.05), but the use of risk practices was higher among private schools students (p

This article presents a Behavioral Analysis comprehension of the “eating disorders”, specifically the “Anorexia Nervosa” and “Bulimia Nervosa”. Anorexic and bulimic practices were characterized in the three levels of selection by consequences. At the phylogenetic level, was discussed the evolution of man and its relationship with clinical features. In the ontogenesis, the operant relationship with the food was presented, pointing functional possibilities in various clinical situations. Finally, was discussed the aesthetic industry involvement in the capitalist culture, which sells the idea that a thin body removes aversive contingencies and can be bought or conquered, as an object for consumption dissociated from the individual who behaves and his history. The purging and restrictive feeding practices are a public health problem, in which the behavior analyst can intervene from the clinic, without neglecting the need for an understanding of the micro and macro cultural processes involved. O presente artigo apresenta uma compreensão analítico-comportamental dos “Transtornos Alimentares”, especificamente a “Anorexia Nervosa” e a “Bulimia Nervosa”. As práticas bulímicas e anoréticas foram caracterizadas a partir dos três níveis de seleção por consequências. No nível filogenético, foi discutida a evolução do homem e sua relação com os quadros clínicos. Na ontogênese, a relação operante com o alimento foi apresentada, apontando-se possibilidades funcionais em diversas situações clínicas. Por último, discutiu- se a participação da indústria da estética na cultura capitalista; a qual vende a ideia de que o corpo magro remove contingências aversivas e pode ser comprado ou conquistado, como um objeto de consumo dissociado do sujeito que se comporta e de sua história. As práticas alimentares purgativas e restritivas são um problema de saúde pública, no qual o analista do comportamento pode intervir a partir da clínica, sem negligenciar a necessidade de uma compreensão dos processos micro e macro culturais envolvidos.

This study sought to estimate the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) and identify risk factors among female adolescents in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. It was conducted a sectional study with 652 high school students (14-20 years) using the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE). A logistic regression model was applied. Approximately one quarter of participants showed risk eating pattern and control weight practices, among 1.2% signs of an installed ED were found. Fear of weight gain was reported by 62% of adolescents, independently if studying at public or private schools (p0.05), but the use of risk practices was higher among private schools students (p0.05). Not having a religion (OR: 2.2, 95%CI: 1.1-4.2) and studying in private school (OR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) were associated with an increased risk of ED. The ED emerge as a public health problem even in the poor areas of Brazil and the desire for a thin body was not differentiated between different social strata, although the risk practices are significantly higher among respondents from private schools. Subjective and cultural aspects are presented not only as risk factors, but also as protectors.