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La red social Facebook cumplió en 2024 veinte años en funcionamiento y en la actualidad mantiene conectados mensualmente a tres millardos de usuarios. La prensa ha confiado desde el principio en esta plataforma para publicar su contenido informativo, que ha alcanzado una gran tasa de participación de la audiencia y cifras importantes de tráfico hacia sus páginas web desde Facebook. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el posicionamiento que la prensa española (El País, El Mundo, ABC, La Vanguardia, El Español, elDiaro.es, El HuffPost y 20 Minutos) está desarrollando en esta plataforma para confirmar principalmente si ha habido variaciones entre 2014 y 2023 y cuál podría ser su estrategia a corto y largo plazo a raíz de los últimos acontecimientos que han impactado en esta red social. Se aborda la investigación con un enfoque mixto. En una primera fase se analiza cuantitativamente la evolución de la adquisición de seguidores, el número de publicaciones y las interacciones de la audiencia durante 10 años, desde el 1 de enero de 2014 hasta diciembre de 2023, con una muestra de N = 1.579.267 publicaciones. La segunda parte se centra en el análisis de datos cualitativos que se han recogido mediante una entrevista a los responsables de los medios seleccionados. Se concluye confirmando que la mayoría de los diarios de esta muestra están cambiando su estrategia en esta plataforma, principalmente por la dificultad de adquirir nuevos usuarios, pero también por la disminución de la tasa de involucramiento (engagement) de su comunidad.

(1) Background: Heyndrickxia coagulans, a lactic acid-producing bacterium, displays characteristics of both Lactobacillus and Bacillus genera. Clinical evidence suggests its potential health benefits. This study evaluated the safety of H. coagulans AO1167B as a candidate probiotic supplement. (2) Methods: Strain identification was confirmed through morphological, cultural, and genomic analyses, including 16S RNA and whole genome sequencing to assess antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors. Phenotypic tests, such as disk diffusion for antimicrobial resistance, and safety assays for cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, were conducted. In a phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, healthy adults were randomized into H. coagulans AO1167B and placebo groups for 60 days. Daily capsule consumption was monitored through clinical and hematological evaluations, adverse event tracking, and health surveys. (3) Results: The genome of H. coagulans AO1167B revealed no concerning features. Disk diffusion tests showed no antimicrobial resistance. The strain exhibited no cytotoxic or hemolytic activity, indicating in vitro safety. No significant differences in clinical or hematological parameters were observed between groups. The most common adverse event, gas, diminished over time. (4) Conclusions: H. coagulans AO1167B demonstrates a suitable safety profile, genetic stability, and probiotic potential for gastrointestinal health, justifying further clinical research.

Objetivo: estudiar el trabajo que la prensa española está llevando a cabo en la red social de intercambio de contenido audiovisual TikTok. Diseño/metodología: la investigación se ha abordado desde un enfoque mixto. En una primera fase, se ha realizado un análisis empírico de los datos extraídos de las cuentas de TikTok, donde se ha cuantificado el número de publicaciones, visualizaciones e interacciones de su audiencia. En una segunda fase, se ha aplicado una técnica cualitativa, que ha sido la entrevista semiestructurada, conducida a responsables de estos medios para recoger su feedback sobre el trabajo realizado y su opinión sobre el futuro de esta red social. La muestra está compuesta por ocho diarios españoles: cuatro periódicos tradicionales (El País, La Vanguardia, ABC y El Mundo) y cuatro diarios nativos digitales (20 Minutos, El Español, elDiario.es y El Huffpost). El marco temporal de recogida de datos ha sido de octubre de 2021 a septiembre 2022 (doce meses). Resultados: si bien la situación está cambiando, en la actualidad TikTok no es una plataforma preferencial para la prensa española. Su presencia se debe principalmente a una estrategia del incremento del valor de la marca, así como aumentar su influencia sobre otras generaciones más alejadas de su control. Originalidad/contribución: el estudio del posicionamiento de los medios de comunicación en TikTok continúa siendo un tema pionero porque no existen hoy en día demasiados trabajos que estén estudiando esta temática, al igual que su influencia sobre su audiencia.

Introducción:Uno de cada 10 adultos en el mundo presenta diabetes mellitus.Existen pruebas de que dicha afección actúa de manera negativa en la salud bucal. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones de la diabetes mellitus en la salud bucal. Desarrollo: Se considera que la salud bucal forma parte de la salud general, puesto que se relaciona con características sociales vinculadas con la epidemia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, entre ellas la diabetes mellitus. Los artículos examinados muestran el vínculo que existe entre esta afección y diferentes trastornos bucodentales, tales como la enfermedad periodontal, las caries y los problemas en la mucosa bucal. Se observó que los autores consultados presentaron opiniones contradictorias con relación a otras afecciones bucales. Conclusiones: Se ha comprobado que la diabetes mellitus tiene manifestaciones en la salud bucal de los pacientes. Existen muestras de su relación bidireccional con la enfermedad periodontal; sin embargo, aunque algunos estudios revelan correspondencia con otras afecciones bucales, no hay suficientes pruebas para corroborarlo.

(1) Background: Alkalihalobacillus clausii AO1125 is a Gram-positive, motile, spore-forming bacterium with potential as a probiotic due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, inhibiting pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium difficile, as well as anti-rotavirus activity. Its resilience in gastrointestinal conditions suggests benefits for gut health. This study evaluates the safety and probiotic potential of A. clausii AO1125. (2) Methods: Genome annotation identified genes linked to probiotic traits such as stress resistance, gut colonization, immune modulation, and antimicrobial production. The genome was screened for antibiotic resistance genes using CARD, bacteriocin clusters using BAGEL4, and virulence factors via VFDB. Cytotoxicity was assessed on Vero cells and erythrocytes, and a Phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 99 healthy volunteers (50 AO1125, 49 placebo). (3) Results: Genomic analysis confirmed minimal antibiotic resistance genes and the absence of virulence factors, supporting safety. A. clausii AO1125 showed no pathogenicity, cytotoxicity, or hemolytic activity and was well-tolerated in clinical settings, with mild, transient abdominal gas as the most common adverse event. (4) Conclusions: The safety profile and genetic basis for probiotic and antimicrobial properties support A. clausii AO1125 as a promising probiotic candidate for gastrointestinal health, warranting further clinical research.

Summary: The posttranslational modification of proteins critically influences many biological processes and is a key mechanism that regulates the function of the RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR), a hub in liver cancer. Here, we show that HuR is SUMOylated in the tumor sections of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in contrast to the surrounding tissue, as well as in human cell line and mouse models of the disease. SUMOylation of HuR promotes major cancer hallmarks, namely proliferation and invasion, whereas the absence of HuR SUMOylation results in a senescent phenotype with dysfunctional mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Mechanistically, SUMOylation induces a structural rearrangement of the RNA recognition motifs that modulates HuR binding affinity to its target RNAs, further modifying the transcriptomic profile toward hepatic tumor progression. Overall, SUMOylation constitutes a mechanism of HuR regulation that could be potentially exploited as a therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.

The endemic palm from the Canary Islands, Phoenix canariensis, is one of the most distinctive elements of the Canarian vegetation landscape, contributing to cultural, economic and environmental aspects. One of the main conservation problems facing this iconic palm is anthropogenic hybridization with other Phoenix species, particularly Phoenix dactylifera, which has been introduced extensively throughout its geographical range. Therefore, it is important to obtain a genetic tool that addresses different issues that may have an impact on the protection of P. canariensis, including ornamental applications and wild population conservation purposes. Our main goals were to detect a molecular tracer that could reliably distinguish between Phoenix canariensis and P. dactylifera in the Canary archipelago and to characterize the presence and extent of genetic hybridization events between the two species. We used 19 nuclear microsatellites and 1 chloroplast minisatellite set and analysed a large sample size (N = 433) of plants using both Bayesian methods and ordination techniques. Our data showed that a set of 13 nuclear markers revealed diagnostic alleles for P. canariensis, which were defined as the Canarian nuclear genotype (CNG). Moreover, P. canariensis exhibited an exclusive chlorotype of 266 bp that together with the GNC serve as an indicator of genetic purity in the Canarian palm. These markers are sufficient to detect any hybrid, even if it is not related to morphological differences. The occurrence of a considerable number of specimens with different degrees of hybridization is discussed in terms of the existence of different generations of hybrids and different types of crosses. Thus, the genetic tracers represent an invaluable tool to address any proposal for the genetic conservation of Phoenix canariensis.

Growing dependence on fossil fuels is one of the critical factors accelerating climate change, a global concern that can destabilize ecosystems and economies worldwide. In this context, renewable energy is emerging as a sustainable and environmentally responsible alternative. Among the options, geothermal energy stands out for its ability to provide heat and electricity consistently and efficiently, offering a feasible solution to reduce the carbon footprint and promote more sustainable development in a globalized economy. In this work, a machine learning approach is proposed to predict the behavior of a horizontal heat exchanger from a bioclimatic house. First, a correlation analysis was conducted for optimal feature selection. Then, several regression techniques were applied to predict the output temperature of the geothermal exchanger. Satisfactory prediction results were obtained in different scenarios over the whole dataset. Also, a significant correlation between several sensors was concluded.

The increasing importance of water quality has led to optimizing the operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants. This implies the monitoring of many parameters that measure aspects such as solid suspension, conductivity, or chemical components, among others. This paper proposes the use of one-class algorithms to learn the normal behavior of a Wastewater Treatment Plants and detect situations in which the crucial parameters of Chemical Oxygen Demand, Ammonia, and Kjeldahl Nitrogen present unexpected deviations. The classifiers are tested using different deviations, achieving successful results. The final supervision systems are capable of detecting critical situation, contributing to decision-making and maintenance effectiveness.

Objective. This study aimed to perform a histological evaluation of teeth diagnosed with internal root resorption. Materials and Methods. A descriptive study involved the examination of 50 human teeth extracted due to an unfavorable prognosis for retention in the oral cavity. Teeth were preserved in 10% buffered formalin and subsequently subjected to the decalcification process. Masson–Goldner staining was applied for comprehensive histological assessment. Results. In all the 50 teeth examined, resorption gaps within the dentin tissue were identified, accompanied by the presence of reparative cells in the vicinity of these cavities. Marked structural loss and dentin fragmentation were evident, with regions exhibiting fissures and an absence of dentinal tubules. Conclusions. The histological evaluation of 50 teeth diagnosed with internal dental resorption revealed significant structural alterations, including resorption lacunae, the presence of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells, and reparative connective tissue. These findings highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of internal dental resorption. These histological insights provide a deeper understanding of the pathological processes involved in internal dental resorption and underscore the necessity for early detection and intervention to mitigate tooth loss and preserve dental health.

Introduction: The term frailty was conceptualized as: risk of "breaking down", increased risk of dying, unusual susceptibility to become ill, loss of strength and endurance. Objective: To design an instrument for the diagnosis of frailty in hospitalized elderly. Material and Methods: An observational, analytical, and ambispective study was carried out in the internal medicine services of the "Dr. Carlos J Finlay" and "Dr. Luis Díaz Soto" Hospitals from January 2020 to January 2022. The universe was constituted by 1950 adult patients. The sample consisted of 204 subjects in the estimation group and 199 in the validation group. Each subject underwent a comprehensive geriatric evaluation. The basic steps known for the construction and validation of scales were followed. Results: The instrument constructed was called the Frailty Index for Hospitalized Elderly People. It consisted of the following variables: black skin color, depression, cognitive impairment, suicidal ideation, disability, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The area under the ROC curve was 0.982 95% CI: (0.967-0.997). The intraclass correlation coefficient was equal to 0.948. Conclusions: The frailty index proposed in this research is a simple clinical instrument, which is balanced, useful, easy to apply and feasible in the hospital care setting.

Abstract Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction through the differentiation and expansion of pre-adipocytes to adipocytes (hyperplasia) and/or increases in size of pre-existing adipocytes (hypertrophy). A cascade of transcriptional events coordinates the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into fully differentiated adipocytes; the process of adipogenesis. Although nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been associated with obesity, how NNMT is regulated during adipogenesis, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, remain undefined. In present study we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to elucidate the molecular signals driving NNMT activation and its role during adipogenesis. Firstly, we demonstrated that during the early phase of adipocyte differentiation NNMT is transactivated by CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein beta (CEBPB) in response to glucocorticoid (GC) induction. We found that Nnmt knockout, using CRISPR/Cas9 approach, impaired terminal adipogenesis by influencing the timing of cellular commitment and cell cycle exit during mitotic clonal expansion, as demonstrated by cell cycle analysis and RNA sequencing experiments. Biochemical and computational methods showed that a novel small molecule, called CC-410, stably binds to and highly specifically inhibits NNMT. CC-410 was, therefore, used to modulate protein activity during pre-adipocyte differentiation stages, demonstrating that, in line with the genetic approach, chemical inhibition of NNMT at the early stages of adipogenesis impairs terminal differentiation by deregulating the GC network. These congruent results conclusively demonstrate that NNMT is a key component of the GC-CEBP axis during the early stages of adipogenesis and could be a potential therapeutic target for both early-onset obesity and glucocorticoid-induced obesity.

En pacientes con ortodoncia aparecen eventos patológicos no deseados como agrandamiento gingival inducido por tratamiento de ortodoncia (AGTO) o hipertrofia gingival. El objetivo del estudio es identificar la distribución inmunohistoquímica de citoqueratina CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 en epitelio gingival de pacientes con AGTO. Se seleccionaron I3 pacientes divididos en: grupo control (n=6), conformado por individuos periodontalmente sanos no portadores de aparatología ortodóntica y grupo test (n=7), integrado por pacientes con AGTO. Los marcadores CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 fueron identificados mediante inmunohistoquímica con anticuerpos monoclonales y observados en un microscopio óptico Leica DM 500. En los pacientes del grupo test el tejido epitelial se mostró hipertrófico con pérdida en la continuidad de la membrana basal. La CK-14 y CK-19 fue positiva en el epitelio de todos los sujetos evaluados, con una expresión positiva de alta intensidad en células de la lámina basal del grupo test. El promedio de células positivas para Ki-67 en el grupo test fue de 56%. En conclusión, la CK-14, CK-19 y Ki-67 son marcadores con elevada inmunoreactividad en tejido gingival de pacientes con AGTO portadores de ortodoncia.

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). On the other hand, sclerostin is a reliable and early biomarker of vascular calcification. This study aimed to estimate the association between sclerostin and two markers of cardiovascular risk, carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), in women with SLE. The presence of CP (determined by carotid artery ultrasound) and PWV were measured in 68 women with SLE and preserved renal function. None of the participants had a history of cardiovascular disease. Serum levels of sclerostin were determined using the ELISA method. Other factors associated with increased cardiovascular risk were also measured. The association between sclerostin, CP and PWV was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate regression models. The area under the ROC curve was 0.785 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.662–0.871) for CP and 0.834 (95% CI 0.729–0.916) for dichotomized PWV. After adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors, it was found that a 10-units increase in sclerostin values was associated with a 44% increase in the odds of CP (95% CI 1–105), but no adjusted association was observed between sclerostin and PWV. Predictive models included age (for both outcomes), hypertension, Framingham risk score and C-reactive protein (for PWV), but not sclerostin. Sclerostin is associated with the presence of CP in women with SLE. Further research should confirm its possible role as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in these patients.

Abstract Chromatin homeostasis mediates essential processes in eukaryotes, where histone chaperones have emerged as major regulatory factors during DNA replication, repair, and transcription. The dynamic nature of these processes, however, has severely impeded their characterization at the molecular level. Here, fluorescence optical tweezers are applied to follow histone chaperone dynamics in real time. The molecular action of SET/template‐activating factor‐Iβ and nucleophosmin 1—representing the two most common histone chaperone folds—are examined using both nucleosomes and isolated histones. It is shown that these chaperones present binding specificity for fully dismantled nucleosomes and are able to recognize and disrupt non‐native histone‐DNA interactions. Furthermore, the histone eviction process and its modulation by cytochrome c are scrutinized. This approach shows that despite the different structures of these chaperones, they present conserved modes of action mediating nucleosome remodeling.

El mercado de productos de belleza en España es uno de los más importantes del mundo. Su elevado consumo empuja a las marcas a invertir más en publicidad para estar presentes en todos los medios de comunicación. Se analiza la estrategia de comunicación digital de la marca española de belleza Freshly Cosmetics en TikTok, a partir de una hipótesis que sostiene un significativo cambio de estrategia entre 2021 y 2022 en esta red social. Se investigan las razones que han motivado este posible movimiento mediante un enfoque mixto que aúna técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas aplicadas a un marco temporal que abarca de enero de 2021 a octubre de 2022. Específicamente, se evalúan los impactos e interacciones de las publicaciones de la marca con su audiencia y se realiza un análisis de contenido de 121 publicaciones mediante la elección de 36 variables que se codifican en el programa SPSS para averiguar sus frecuencias y porcentajes. Estos hallazgos, complementados con una entrevista semiestructurada a su responsable de comunicación, subrayan el uso de la plataforma digital como escaparate a través del cual potenciar los valores de la marca y apostar por contenido de calidad, reduciendo el componente promocional característico de la etapa iniciática.

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement is a progressive, localized or generalized increase in gingival tissue. Objective: To determine morphologic aspects in the basal membrane of the gingival tissue in patients with orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which gingival tissues of patients with orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement (test group: n=5) and healthy individuals (control group: n=5) were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical analysis with the polyclonal antibody anticytokeratin 14. Grade 1 and grade 2 disrupted basal membrane were identified. The statistical program R (version 4.0.2) for Windows was used. Significance was declared if p was greater than 0.05. Results: The presence of disrupted basal membranes was observed in all the patients from the test group. These individuals presented a greater number of morphological changes in the gingival tissue. Compared to the control group (p < 0.001), statistically significant values were observed for cases of disrupted basal membrane (grade I) and disruptions surrounded by epithelial cells or gingival fibroblasts (grade II). Conclusion: The epithelial tissue of patients with orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement shows an evident loss of the basal membrane integrity. These discontinuities are suggestive of a considerable increase in epithelial plasticity in patients with orthodontic treatment–induced gingival enlargement.

This research aims to analyse the work of two international information verification agencies on TikTok—MediaWise and Politifact—according to their evolution, approach, content, and format. To this end, a quantitative approach has been used with an inductive content analysis with nominal variables, which offers specific nuances adapted to the unit of analysis. In a first phase, an empirical analysis was carried out, focusing on the measurement and quantification of the number of publications and interactions of the audience, from the time Fthey started operating on this platform until 31 December 2023. The total number of posts extracted was N > 704, which generated N > 4,166,387 user responses. In a second phase, an in-depth content analysis of all the posts published by these two agencies in four months (October and November 2021 and October and November 2023) was carried out, allowing us to analyse their evolution, but also to compare the two agencies in terms of approach, themes, and style. The most important findings show that both agencies adapt the style and narratives to this social network through the use of dynamic resources, a casual and informal tone, and elements of humour. In addition, both contribute to public reason through different strategies: MediaWise focuses on media literacy and Politifact on verification, using resources, effects and content in line with that purpose. Finally, we observe a downward evolution in terms of reach and impact on the audience, as well as a lower dynamism in 2023 than in 2021, which opens the door to future lines of explanatory research that delve deeper into possible causes.

Electron transfer between mitochondrial cytochrome c and subunit of cytochrome bc 1 can proceed at long distance. Here the authors investigate further the mechanism and show phosphorylation regulation of the interactions between the protein partners in the electron transport chain.

Reseña del libro Escrito bajo las uñas (Alhaurín el Grande, Málaga, El Toro Celeste, 2022), de Jorge Pozo Soriano.

La distrofia muscular oculofaríngea es un raro trastorno genético caracterizado clínicamente por ptosis palpebral y dificultades deglutorias. Con este trabajo se pretende hacer una descripción detallada de un caso particular, poniendo de manifiesto la relevancia de los hallazgos electromiográficos, además se propone realizar una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema. Fue un estudio clínico, neurofisiológico y molecular de una paciente de 82 años remitida a la Unidad de Neurofisiología Clínica por ptosis palpebral bilateral y disfagia progresiva. El estudio electromiográfico objetivó la existencia de una miopatía de predominio facial y el estudio molecular confirmó la existencia de una expansión patológica de 12 repeticiones en el tracto poli-alanina del gen PABPN1. La distrofia muscular oculofaríngea es una enfermedad infradiagnosticada que puede pasar desapercibida, simulando otros procesos patológicos. Un riguroso estudio neurofisiológico es fundamental para llevar a cabo un diagnóstico de sospecha así como para orientar el posterior diagnóstico molecular.

Resumen El comercio organiza la ciudad desde la sedentarización del intercambio. El paisaje comercial favorece la legibilidad de la ciudad y un ambiente urbano saludable. Este estudio foma parte de una investigación sobre la Transformacion reciente del paisaje comercial del centro histórico de Madrid, que pretende establecer los factores de esa transformación, específicamente entre la del espacio público y la del zócalo. El objetivo de este estudio es contextualizar el análisis comparando con otro caso con marcos homogéneos: centros históricos con actividad económica compleja y significativa en ambas ciudades. Se desarrolla en tres capítulos de análisis (modelo de ciudad, espacio público y zócalo comercial) y conclusiones parciales. El modelo pretende sintetizar el proyecto público para el paisaje comercial a partir del análisis de los instrumentos de intervención pública en la escena y la percepción. El espacio público se analiza como soporte de la percepción, descomponiendo la red viaria en escenarios concretos, tipificados y relacionados por la movilidad peatonal. El zócalo se analiza asumiendo el local como unidad de expresión escénica de las actividades, que protagoniza la transformación escénica del centro histórico. El modelo lisboeta es paisajístico, pero no es transformador de la escena urbana. La articulación administrativa de las directivas liberalizadoras ha devenido en un modelo dual, actuaciones sin control previo frente a otras con riguroso control patrimonial, que propicia actuaciones sin entidad arquitectónica. La diferente escala de las unidades de producción escénica —el tramo para el espacio público y el local para el zócalo— no está resuelta ni en ambos modelos y experiencias. En Lisboa se confirman tramas comerciales muy densas y ejes comerciales, autónomos de su propio entorno, con amplios entornos puramente residenciales; en Madrid la densidad comercial es mayor, se identifican ejes comerciales, pero apenas hay tramas residenciales ajenas a la actividad. Este estudio se centra en la situación anterior a la pandemia. La investigación general tiene por objeto la transformación, que se aborda comparando con la situación previa anterior a las directivas liberalizadoras y con la actual derivada de la pandemia.

It is common practice when simulating propagation through an optical fiber to assume that its characteristic parameters are constant and determined solely by the central wavelength of the input pulse. In this paper, we propose a study of the impact that the actual wavelength dependence of these parameters has on the propagation results. To this end, simulations were carried out considering both the constant model and the wavelength-dependent model, applying them to the case of the especially sensitive effect of supercontinuous generation in a photonic crystal fiber. The results showed differences of up to 20% of the spectrum and, hence, the importance of taking into account the wavelength dependence of the dispersion fiber parameters to obtain more-realistic results in the simulations.

With the progress and evolution of the IoT, which has resulted in a rise in both the number of devices and their applications, there is a growing number of malware attacks with higher complexity. Countering the spread of malware in IoT networks is a vital aspect of cybersecurity, where mathematical modeling has proven to be a potent tool. In this study, we suggest an approach to enhance IoT security by installing security updates on IoT nodes. The proposed method employs a physically informed neural network to estimate parameters related to malware propagation. A numerical case study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation strategy, and novel metrics are presented to test its efficacy. The findings suggest that the mitigation tactic involving the selection of nodes based on network characteristics is more effective than random node selection.

Objetivo: establecer el estado del arte de los enjuagues bucales, en relación al control químico del biofilm oral y efectos no deseados en la cavidad oral. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Clinical key, Dentistry & Oral Science Source, Science direct y Scopus, utilizando las palabras clave: “dental plate, chemical control, dental plate and chemical control”. Se incluirán en la revisión los artículos que tienen los enjuagues bucales como enfoque principal hoy y aquellos que pueden destacarse en el futuro. Resultados: se consiguió un total de 260 documentos. Después de seleccionar el uso de los criterios de inclusión, se utilizaron para el análisis un total de 7 documentos de texto completo. Conclusión: el desarrollo y la aplicación clínica de los antisépticos orales requieren de investigación aplicada para resolver los problemas cotidianos de los pacientes. Los enjuagues que involucran un componente natural como principio activo han demostrado, según los estudios incluidos, un buen porcentaje de inactivación de la patogenia del biofilm oral, por lo que futuros estudios deberán reorientarse en estos, allanando el camino a productos naturales que reduzcan el porcentaje de efectos adversos en la cavidad bucal.

Fundamento: constituye una necesidad para la educación superior y el sistema cubano de salud fomentar el desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales pedagógicas en los estudiantes universitarios en los diferentes escenarios de la disciplina Educación Física, sustentada en prácticas saludables y estilos de vida sanos. Objetivo: construir un modelo de diseño curricular para la formación de la habilidad profesional de orientación educativa en temas de salud y prevención en los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Educación, especialidad Pedagogía–Psicología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo en la sede pedagógica de la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas durante el periodo 2015-2020 cuyo objeto de estudio fue la formación de las habilidades profesionales pedagógicas en los estudiantes de Pedagogía-Psicología. Para ello se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos predominantemente cualitativos. Resultados: se fundamentó el proceso de diseño de un modelo de formación de la habilidad profesional pedagógica de orientación educativa para desarrollar y formar acciones en temas de salud y prevención en los estudiantes universitarios de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación Pedagogía-Psicología. Contiene la determinación de necesidades, un sistema de acciones necesarias para la formación, ofrece recomendaciones metodológicas y finalmente se centra en la evaluación de los resultados una vez ejecutado. Conclusiones: el modelo fue valorado por criterios de expertos con predominio de Muy Adecuado por su pertinencia, factibilidad de aplicación y contribución al objetivo para el cual fue diseñado.

Intrinsic protein flexibility is of overwhelming relevance for intermolecular recognition and adaptability of highly dynamic ensemble of complexes, and the phenomenon is essential for the understanding of numerous biological processes. These conformational ensembles—encounter complexes—lack a unique organization, which prevents the determination of well-defined high resolution structures. This is the case for complexes involving the oncoprotein SET/template-activating factor-Iβ (SET/TAF-Iβ), a histone chaperone whose functions and interactions are significantly affected by its intrinsic structural plasticity. Besides its role in chromatin remodeling, SET/TAF-Iβ is an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which is a key phosphatase counteracting transcription and signaling events controlling the activity of DNA damage response (DDR) mediators. During DDR, SET/TAF-Iβ is sequestered by cytochrome c (Cc) upon migration of the hemeprotein from mitochondria to the cell nucleus. Here, we report that the nuclear SET/TAF-Iβ:Cc polyconformational ensemble is able to activate PP2A. In particular, the N-end folded, globular region of SET/TAF-Iβ (a.k.a. SET/TAF-Iβ ΔC)—which exhibits an unexpected, intrinsically highly dynamic behavior—is sufficient to be recognized by Cc in a diffuse encounter manner. Cc-mediated blocking of PP2A inhibition is deciphered using an integrated structural and computational approach, combining small-angle X-ray scattering, electron paramagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulations.

This paper encapsulates details of the NEMO laser beacon’s design, offering a profound contribution to the field of the time calibration of underwater neutrino telescopes. The mechanical design of the laser beacon, which operates at a depth of 3500 m, is presented, together with the design of the antibiofouling system employed to endure the operational pressure and optimize the operational range, enhancing its functionality and enabling time calibration among multiple towers. A noteworthy innovation central to this development lies in the battery system. This configuration enhances the device’s portability, a crucial aspect in underwater operations. The comprehensive design of the laser beacon, encompassing the container housing, the requisite battery system for operation, electronics, and an effective antibiofouling system, is described in this paper. Additionally, this paper presents the findings of the laser beacon’s qualification process.

Despite mitochondria being key for the control of cell homeostasis and fate, their role in DNA damage response is usually just regarded as an apoptotic trigger. However, growing evidence points to mitochondrial factors modulating nuclear functions. Remarkably, after DNA damage, cytochrome c (Cc) interacts in the cell nucleus with a variety of well‐known histone chaperones, whose activity is competitively inhibited by the haem protein. As nuclear Cc inhibits the nucleosome assembly/disassembly activity of histone chaperones, it might indeed affect chromatin dynamics and histone deposition on DNA. Several histone chaperones actually interact with Cc Lys residues through their acidic regions, which are also involved in heterotypic interactions leading to liquid–liquid phase transitions responsible for the assembly of nuclear condensates, including heterochromatin. This relies on dynamic histone–DNA interactions that can be modulated by acetylation of specific histone Lys residues. Thus, Cc may have a major regulatory role in DNA repair by fine‐tuning nucleosome assembly activity and likely nuclear condensate formation.

Introducción: el tratamiento ortodóntico es responsable del agrandamiento gingival (AG), una condición clínica caracterizada por el crecimiento patológico, difuso o localizado del tejido gingival. La acumulación excesiva de la matriz extracelular (MEC), incluyendo el colágeno tipo I, parece contribuir a las manifestaciones patológicas del AG. El objetivo del artículo es identificar y describir la distribución del colágeno tipo I en el tejido gingival de pacientes con AG por ortodoncia fija. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo descriptivo que analizó los tejidos gingivales de sujetos diagnosticados con AG portadores de ortodoncia (test, n = 5) e individuos periodontalmente sanos (control, n = 5). Las muestras se obtuvieron mediante gingivectomía. Todas las biopsias fueron fijadas, incluidas en parafina, cortadas y analizadas por medio de la coloración rojo picrosirius/verde rápido, para distinguir las fibras de colágeno. Mediante una reacción inmunohistoquímica, el colágeno tipo I fue identificado con anticuerpo monoclonal. Resultados: en los pacientes con AG por tratamiento ortodóntico, se identificó un tejido epitelial hiperplásico con aumento evidente de las prolongaciones epiteliales y un tejido conectivo con abundantes haces de fibras de colágenos, principalmente en la lámina basal y la zona subyacente. Las fibras de colágeno tipo I en los tejidos de pacientes con AG por ortodoncia fueron gruesas de aspecto desorganizado, con una tinción inmunohistoquímica intensa, en comparación con las fibras del grupo control. Conclusiones: el aumento de fibras de colágenos, en especial de colágeno de tipo I, es un hallazgo histológico que caracteriza a los pacientes con AG por ortodoncia fija.

Objetivo. Determinar la localización de los receptores de potencial transitorio de tipo vaniloide-5 (TRPV5) en los ameloblastos de ratones Swiss. Materiales y métodos. Estudio experimental In vitro donde fueron analizados cortes en parafina de 12 incisivos de crecimiento continuo de ratones machos Swiss salvajes de 7 días de nacidos. Las etapas del desarrollo de la formación del esmalte dental se identificaron por medio de la coloración hematoxilina-eosina. La inmunodetención de los receptores de potencial transitorio de tipo vaniloide-5 fue efectuada por medio del anticuerpo primario policlonal anti-TRPV5. Las observaciones se llevaron a cabo mediante un microscopio Leica DM 500. Resultados. Se identificaron las diferentes etapas implicadas en la formación del esmalte dental, entre ellas, la etapa de secreción y maduración. En ellas, se evidenció que los ameloblastos eran células alargadas con núcleos ovalados en posición proximal y con áreas manifiestamente desarrolladas de secreción medial y distal. Fue visualizado un inmunomarcaje de TRPV5 en la membrana plasmática y citoplasma de los ameloblastos de secreción y maduración de todos los ratones analizados. Los TRPV5 también fueron inmunolocalizado en los odontoblastos, endotelio vascular y células pulpares. Conclusiones. Los receptores de potencial transitorio de tipo vaniloide-5 se localizan en los ameloblastos de secreción y maduración de ratones Swiss. Particularmente, los TRPV5 son inmunodetectados en los odontoblastos, endotelio vascular y células de la pulpa dental.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling of all body tissues, including oral tissues such as gingival tissue. Expression levels of MMPs are widely studied as important biomarkers for explaining the biochemical mechanisms and evolution of many oral diseases. Objective: Demonstrate the sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability, and robustness of the dot blot assay for the relative quantification of MMP-8 and MMP-9 expression levels in patients with GO associated with orthodontic treatment. Methods: A validated dot blot assay was used to compare the relative expression levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in gingival samples. Methodological variability, reproducibility, sensitivity and robustness were determined with the use of control samples from healthy donors (G1). Next, expression levels were measured in gingival tissue from patients with mild and moderate gingival overgrowth associated with orthodontic treatment (G3 and G4) and patients without gingival overgrowth but with a history of using orthodontic appliances (G2). Results: Dot blot assay demonstrated that MMP-8 and MMP-9 expression levels were higher in patients with gingival overgrowth and distinguished those with moderate clinical grade (G4) from those with mild overgrowth (G3). In addition, patients with a history of orthodontic treatment showed similar expression levels to the control group two years after removing orthodontic appliances. Conclusions: With the assay used, we were able to detect differences in MMP-8 and MMP-9 expression in patients with different levels of severity of gingival overgrowth. Dot blot could be used to measure MMPs during the onset and progression of gingival overgrowth.

Striving toward goal completion and achieving objectives is one of the motors of personal advancement. The path to goal completion is fueled by many reasons, among which motivation stands out as one of the core impulses. Motivation acquires a particularly high relevance in learning, prompting educators to mind its substance when designing not only the material to be imparted but also the approach and the mechanisms to assess knowledge acquisition. The intrinsic nature of motivation might stem from self-realization, thriving in specific goals, or even exploring unknown ground. One of the main teacher–student interactions is the provision of adequate tools to achieve learning outcomes. One of the tools available to teachers is the exercise of extrinsic motivation. This paper proposes and assesses the initial implementation of a student-involved extrinsic motivation method. A pilot group in the Junior year of a Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering program was selected, in which the evaluation system was slightly modified with respect to the system that is normally used. The course selected for the study was a compulsory six European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) course covering production and manufacturing technology. Students were asked to partake in the drafting of questions to assess their own knowledge, hence indirectly increasing their motivation to learn the content. The tentative results obtained with the pilot group appear to be positive and relevant. Students showed a higher engagement during class and reported needing fewer hours of preparation at home (32% reduction). In addition, global satisfaction with the course was improved.

This paper discusses the microstructure effects on the machinability of Inconel 718 by conducting machining tests on an additively manufactured (AM) workpiece with a strongly textured grain structure and a wrought workpiece incorporating a finer and more equiaxed grain structure. The AM workpiece was produced as a thin tube using Laser Melting Powder Bed Fusion and optimal processing conditions for this alloy. A lathe was used to conduct instrumented orthogonal machining tests on the two workpiece materials under dry cut and coolant conditions using a semisynthetic emulsion coolant. The process parameters studied were feed from 0.05 to 0.15 mm/rev and cutting speed from 60 to 120 m/min with a cut time of 2 sec duration for each process condition. Measures for each process condition included cutting forces in the feed and main cut direction, and images of chip forms were obtained. The grain structures of the workpiece materials were characterized using Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD). New findings suggest that grain structures can significantly affect the machinability of the superalloy at a higher feed for all cutting speeds studied, and insights into the cause are discussed. Other important findings comment on the effectiveness of the coolant as a lubricant for reducing friction in machining.

Abstract Background The heterologous expression of isopentenyl transferase (IPT) under the transcriptional control of the senescence-associated receptor-like kinase (SARK) promoter delayed cellular senescence and, through it, increased drought tolerance in plants. To evaluate the effect of pSARK::IPT expression in bread wheat, six independent transgenic events were obtained through the biolistic method and evaluated transgene expression, phenology, grain yield and physiological biomass components in plants grown under both drought and well-irrigating conditions. Experiments were performed at different levels: (i) pots and (ii) microplots inside a biosafety greenhouse, as well as under (iii) field conditions. Results Two transgenic events, called TR1 and TR4, outperformed the wild-type control under drought conditions. Transgenic plants showed higher yield under both greenhouse and field conditions, which was positively correlated to grain number (given by more spikes and grains per spike) than wild type. Interestingly, this yield advantage of the transgenic events was observed under both drought and well-watered conditions. Conclusions The results obtained allow us to conclude that the SARK promoter-regulated expression of the IPT gene in bread wheat not only reduced the yield penalty produced by water stress but also led to improved productivity under well-watered conditions.

Presentamos un resumen de la investigación que estamos llevando a cabo a través del proyecto internacional “They:Live - Student lives revealed through context-based art practices” en el marco del programa de ayudas de Europa Creativa y en el que participan seis países europeos. El objetivo fue recopilar fotografías de la vida de los estudiantes en diversos campus universitarios desde la II Guerra Mundial hasta la actualidad. De entre todo el corpus recopilado hicimos una selección a partir de las cuales realizamos entrevistas a sus protagonistas para que nos relatasen la intrahistoria de las fotos seleccionadas (relato oral). Todas estas fotos y entrevistas se documentaron en el repositorio de acceso abierto en línea Topoteka. A continuación, lanzamos una convocatoria competitiva para organizar unas Residencias Artísticas (AiR, Artist in Residence) en la que en cada país participante eligió un par creativo de artista y comisario que tuvo que proponer un proyecto artístico contextual que tuviese en cuenta estas fotos y entrevistas —y que se está llevando a cabo en los campus universitarios participantes (febrero-mayo de 2002). Previamente, estos pares creativos realizaron una estancia formativa en el Institut für Kunst im Kontex, Universität der Künste Berlin para recibir formación en arte contextual. A continuación, se realizarán exposiciones itinerantes (mediados de 2022). Se trata, pues, de un método interdisciplinar con aplicación de prácticas artísticas contextuales. Todo ello con el objetivo de subrayar cómo la vida de los estudiantes y sus actividades representan un reservorio vivo de ideas y relaciones innovadoras, una fuente a través de la cual se puede seguir un desarrollo evolutivo del patrimonio intelectual y puede establecerse una visión completamente nueva de la cultura europea y su desarrollo futuro. Los resultados de nuestro proyecto servirán como directrices para gerentes de instituciones culturales y galerías de arte, comisarios y artistas para la mejora de enfoques innovadores para el desarrollo de audiencias jóvenes. Todo ello cristalizará en un libro editado en inglés en formato Open Access (OA) que publicará la editorial académica británica Intellect.

Introduction: gingival hypertrophy (GH) is the uncontrolled increase in gingival volume induced by different etiological factors, including orthodontic treatment. This pathology is characterized by changes in epithelial and connective tissue, including modifications in the extracellular matrix. The present study determined the presence and distribution of type III collagen in tissues of patients with GH wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: 12 samples of gingival tissue were obtained from patients undergoing periodontal surgery. They were divided into two groups, the first with healthy patients (control; n = 6) and the second with patients diagnosed with GH and orthodontic treatment (patients; n = 6). Each obtained sample was subjected to the hematoxylin-eosin stain, Masson-Goldner staining, and type III collagen immunohistochemistry. Results: the hematoxylin-eosin and Masson-Goldner histological stains showed hypertrophia of epithelial tissue and connective tissue with a marked collagen fiber increase in the gingival tissue of orthodontic wearers with GH compared to individuals in the control group. The gingival tissue of patients with GH caused by orthodontic treatment showed a distribution and location of type III collagen near the basal lamina, around the blood vessels, but unlike the control group, its location was noticeable throughout the connective tissue. Conclusion: the gingival tissues of orthodontic wearers with GH experience an increase in the number and density of collagen fibers. Type III collagen seems to lose its usual location in the gingival tissues of orthodontic wearers with GH.

Introducción. Los fibroblastos gingivales (FGs) son células del tejido conjuntivo gingival que han tomado en los últimos años una relevancia promisoria por su probable utilización en la terapia celular, dadas sus capacidades de multipotencialidad y de autorrenovación. Objetivo. Conocer y describir el impacto de la ausencia en la suplementación de Suero Fetal Bovino (SFB) en la supervivencia de fibroblastos gingivales en cultivos. Materiales y métodos. Fibroblastos gingivales fueron aislados de tejido gingival de pacientes sanos y cultivados en medios de cultivos DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified of Eagle Medium) en ausencia y suplementados con 0.2% de SFB a 37°C en una atmósfera húmeda con 5% de CO2. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación morfológica, de supervivencia y proliferación de los FGs, así como la identificación mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia de marcadores del citoesqueleto celular como la actina y mitocondrias. Resultados. Los FGs cultivados en ausencia y con suplementación de 0.2% de SFB evidenciaron una forma fusiforme, con núcleos ovalados y numerosas prolongaciones citoplasmáticas durante el tiempo de cultivo. Un leve aumento en la proliferación de FGs fue observado en aquellas células en contacto con el medio DMEM+0.2% de SFB comparadas con el medio donde estuvo ausente la suplementación. El inmunomarcaje de la actina y las mitocondrias dejó en evidencia que la ausencia y suplementación a 0.2% de SFB no afectó su localización en los FGs evaluados. Conclusión. Los fibroblastos gingivales sobreviven y proliferan en ausencia de SFB, conservando sus características morfológicas celulares.

El tratamiento de las maloclusiones Clase III esqueléticas es un gran reto para el equipo odontológico especialmente en niños o adolescentes, de tal manera que es importante contar con alternativas que no sean los utilizados de forma tradicional. El propósito de este reporte es revisar el tratamiento ortodóntico interceptivo de una paciente femenina con maloclusión clase III en dentición mixta, apiñamiento severo en ambas arcadas con disminución en el espacio para la erupción de caninos; la paciente es tratada desde los 9 años con extracción de primeros molares mandibulares. Se presentan las bases del tratamiento y su resultado a corto plazo. Se discuten algunos factores importantes para establecer un camuflaje de una relación molar de clase III y además revisar las limitaciones del tratamiento con la finalidad de prevenir la necesidad de una cirugía ortognática.

Aim: To explore the influence of anxiety/depression symptoms and social risk in patients older than 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) both in non-adherence to pharmacological treatment (Non-AdhT) and in poor control of T2DM. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: Adults over 65 years of age with T2DM treated at the Madrid Primary Care Service. Main measurements: Data collection: Electronic Health Record database. Variables: Poor control of T2DM (HBA1c) and Non-AdhT (Morisky-Green test); main clinical variables: symptoms of depression/anxiety and social risk. Global multivariate logistic regression models and disaggregated by sex were used to Non-AdhT and poor T2DM control. Results: Data were obtained on 884 subjects. Non-AdhT prevalence: 4.4%; prevalence of poor T2DM control: 37.2%. Multivariate logistic regression models for No-AdhT in men showed a higher risk if they had symptoms of anxiety/depression (OR: 3.88; 95%CI: 1.15–13.07); and in women, if they had social risk (OR: 5.61; 95%CI: 1.86–16.94). Multivariate logistic regression models for poor control of T2DM in men revealed a higher risk if they did not have AdhT (OR: 3.53; 95%CI: 1.04–12.02). Conclusions: In people over 65 years with T2DM, although Non-AdhT is low, the prevalence of poor T2DM control is high. Symptoms of depression or anxiety are a risk factor to Non-AdhT in men, while social risk has the same effect in women. Non-AdhT in men increases the risk of poor T2DM control. From a gender perspective, it is important to detect social and mental health problems in older adults with diabetes and to reinforce strategies to improve their adherence to drug treatment in these patients. Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar la influencia de los síntomas de ansiedad/depresión y del riesgo social en pacientes mayores de 65 años con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), tanto en la no adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico (no AdhT) como en el mal control de la DM2. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento y participantes: Adultos mayores de 65 años con DM2 atendidos en el Servicio de Atención Primaria de Madrid. Principales mediciones: Recogida de datos: base de datos de historia clínica electrónica. Variables: mal control de T2DM (HBA1c) y no AdhT (prueba de Morisky-Green); principales variables clínicas: síntomas de depresión/ansiedad y riesgo social. Se utilizaron modelos globales de regresión logística multivariante y desagregados por sexo para no AdhT y mal control de DM2. Resultados: Se obtuvieron datos de 884 sujetos. Prevalencia de no AdhT: 4,4%; prevalencia de mal control de DM2: 37,2%. Los modelos de regresión logística multivariante para no AdhT en hombres mostraron un mayor riesgo si tenían síntomas de ansiedad/depresión (OR: 3,88; IC del 95%: 1,15-13,07); y en mujeres, si tenían riesgo social (OR: 5,61; IC del 95%: 1,86-16,94). Los modelos de regresión logística multivariante para el control deficiente de la DM2 en los hombres revelaron un mayor riesgo si no tenían AdhT (OR: 3,53; IC del 95%: 1,04-12,02). Conclusiones: En personas mayores de 65 años con DM2, aunque la no AdhT es baja, la prevalencia de mal control de la DM2 es alta. Los síntomas de depresión o ansiedad son un factor de riesgo de no AdhT en los hombres, mientras que el riesgo social tiene el mismo efecto en las mujeres. La no AdhT en los hombres aumenta el riesgo de un control deficiente de la DM2. Desde una perspectiva de género, es importante detectar problemas de salud social y mental en adultos mayores con diabetes y reforzar estrategias para mejorar su adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y control glucémico en estos pacientes.

Twitter recently celebrated its 15th anniversary. During this period, the platform has gone through several phases, culminating in a record number of subscribers and profits in 2021. Twitter is a household name all over the world and people know what it can or cannot provide, independent of the future growth that it may experience with new investments and updates. This article aims to verify two interrelated hypotheses, namely: the Spanish press already knows how to optimise the social network Twitter, as three decades have elapsed since its launch; and, secondly, the algorithm modification implemented by Twitter in 2018 has triggered a change in the positioning of the headers studied in this social network. In order to demonstrate both, the object of analysis will be conducted by a mixed approach through quantitative statistical processes (which will study the number of impacts and retweets and likes obtained), and inductive qualitative methods such as semi-structured interviews. This multidisciplinary approach will provide a more complete and in-depth analysis of the phenomenon. The research focuses on the period between 2018 and 2020, and addresses the participation on Twitter of the four main traditional newspapers (El País, La Vanguardia, ABC and El Mundo) as well as four native digital newspapers (20 Minutos, El Español, elDiario.es and El Huffpost). The analysis comprises more than 1.5 million tweets among the eight chosen newspapers.

Esta investigación analiza la presencia de la prensa española en Instagram. Una plataforma eminentemente visual donde los diarios nacionales han empezado a posicionarse más tarde que el resto de sus homólogos internacionales. No obstante, estos últimos años, el crecimiento de la prensa española en Instagram está siendo muy significativo, pero además se ha advertido que su inversión en contenidos audiovisuales empieza a marcar la diferencia con el resto de países occidentales. Se abordará este estudio mediante un enfoque cuantitativo clásico con el uso de análisis descriptivos e inferenciales de los datos recogidos de sus cuentas de Instagram durante doces meses de las siguientes rotativas nacionales (El País, La Vanguardia, El Mundo, 20 Minutos, El Español, elDiario.es y El Huffpost) e internacionales (Le Monde, Le Parisien, Le Figaro, Bild, FAZ, Corriere della Sera, La Repubblica, The Guardian, The Times, The New York Times y The Washington Post).

The Nav1.7 sodium channel are expressed in dental pulp, so identifying analogous molecules of local anesthetics with high affinity for this channel under inflammatory conditions would be very useful in dental anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate local anesthetics analogues against Nav1.7 channel through molecular docking and dynamics. 3267 ligands were selected for virtual screening: 1 control ligand (Flecainide), 10 local anesthetics and 3256 structural analogues with human Nav1.7 (PDB 5EK0). Molecular protocol validation was performed with Flecainide-NavAb complex (PDB 6MVX). Molecular docking through AutoDock-Vina by binding energy between ligand-receptor and molecular dynamics simulation through AMBER16 software was developed. A predictive search of the ADME and toxicological properties were performed. The molecule-1 ligand presented the best binding energy (−6.4 kcal/mol), followed by the molecule-2 ligand with −6.3 kcal/mol. On molecular dynamics, molecule-1 analogue had the best behavior with the lowest RMSD, RMSF, SASA and Rg scores. In ADME and toxicological properties, all molecules had no violations of Lipinski's rules and had oral toxicity class III. Molecule-1 analogue can act as a potential drug for local anesthetics under inflammatory conditions by blocking pain pathways through Nav1.7 channel.

Introduction: Histological staining techniques are useful in the ultrastructural analysis of tissue samples, including gingival tissue. Objective: Compare the usefulness of three histochemical methods (hematoxylin-eosin, Masson-Goldner and sirius red) for identification of cellular elements and other constituents of gingival tissue. Methods: An in vitro experimental study was conducted which included the analysis of gingival tissue from healthy donors without gingival inflammation signs and indication of periodontal surgery. The gum samples were obtained by gingivectomy, processed with paraffin, cut with a microtome and placed on Polysine adhesion slides. The samples were grouped, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson Goldner and sirius red, and visualized under a Leica DM 750® microscope. Reading of the findings was performed by oral pathologists. Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining found cellular and extracellular elements of the epithelial and connective tissue: violet-blue nuclei, pink cytoplasms, light rose collagen fibers, and arterioles and venules with differentiated tunica adventitia, media and intima. Masson-Goldner staining differentiated purple nuclei and fuchsia cytoplasm. It displayed specificity identifying green collagen fibers with dense, homogeneous and parallel distribution in the gingival connective tissue. Sirius red staining allowed identification of bright rose collagen fibers, whereas epithelial tissue and blood vessels were yellow. Conclusion: Each of the histological staining methods evaluated in the study shows a certain affinity with and sensitivity to cellular structures and components of the specific extracellular matrix. All three are useful for the study of gingival tissue and could contribute to the analysis of gingival biopsies.

Waste heat dissipated in the exhaust system of a combustion engine represents a major source of energy to be recovered and converted into useful work. The Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS) based in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an approach for recovering energy from heat sources, achieving a significant reduction in fuel consumption and, as a result, exhaust emissions. This paper studies pressure drop in an ORC shell-and-tubes boiler for a WHRS implementation experimentally and with computational simulations based on a 1-dimensional heat transfer model coupled with 3D calculations. An experimental database is developed, using ethanol in a pressure range of 10–15 absolute bar as working fluid, with mass fluxes inside the tubes in the range of 349.31 kg/s-m2 and 523.97 kg/s-m2, and inlet temperatures in the range of 60 °C and 80 °C. Thus, the friction factor of different regions of the boiler were estimated using both CFD simulations, experimental data, and bibliographic correlations. Simulations of operating points and the results of the experimental test bench showed good agreement in pressure drop results, with a mean absolute error of 15.47%, without a significant increment in the computational cost.

Objetivo: identificar los parámetros que afectan el nivel de estrés en los estudiantes de odontología ante prácticas preclínicas y clínicas. Método: estudio descriptivo que buscó instaurar la relación de variables de medidas en una muestra de 150 estudiantes en el periodo 2017-2018, con una participación del 30.6% de estudiantes de 4-5 semestre y 69.4% de estudiantes que pertenecen al componente clínico de 6-9 semestre. Resultados: se definió y caracterizó el concepto de estrés académico desde el enfoque psicológico. Respecto a los factores estresores del componente básico y clínico se evidenció que el 46.6% “algunas veces” ha tenido dificultad para aprender la teoría y al pasar a la práctica carece de conocimientos requeridos en la preclínica y clínica, además que el 44.66% “casi siempre” aducen que la falta de tiempo para llevar a cabo la práctica de procedimientos nuevos, conllevan a factores estresantes. Discusión y conclusiones: el estrés ante procedimientos nuevos se puede asociar a varios factores principalmente a la falta de tiempo para el estudio y la práctica de ciertas actividades odontológicas que más adelante repercutirán en la práctica clínica diaria. Palabras clave: Estrés, miedo, estudiantes, odontología, salud (DECS-BIREME)

Introduction. Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) caused by Cercospora kikuchii is an endemic soybean crop disease in Argentina. Objective. To develop and validate a scale to quantify the severity of CLB in leaflets of soybean (Glycine max) for the evaluation of foliar fungicides and cultivar trials. Materials and methods. A diagrammatic scale to assess the severity of CLB on soybean leaflets (Glycine max) was developed. The scale was based on the evaluation of 50 leaflets. The different severity levels of the leaflets were determined according to Weber-Fechner’s stimulus-response law. The proposed scale included severity levels of 1, 4.5, 17.5, 50, 82.2, 95, and 99 %. The validation of the scale was performed by 23 raters (3 experienced and 20 inexperienced) who assessed the severity of CLB on 50 leaflets with and without the use of the scale. Results. The results from the three experienced raters were more precise than those obtained by the inexperienced raters. The scale improved the visual interpretation to assess the severity of CLB for the inexperienced raters, who obtained estimated severity values close to the actual severity values. When the inexperienced raters used the proposed scale to estimate the severity of CLB on leaflets, they were accurate having determination coefficients (R2) between 0.74 and 0.91. According to the absolute errors, the greatest deviation was observed between -2.49 and 2.46. However, these deviations were not significantly different from the population average. To speed the process of cultivar evaluations we also propose the use of scales based on grades. Conclusions. The proposed scale to assess the severity of CLB on leaflets can be used for the assessment of foliar fungicide trials and soybean cultivars. The scale showed specificity for assessing the severity of Cercospora leaf blight (CFB) in soybean leaflets.

Introduction: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of liver-related mortality in Latin-America, yet the impact of public health policies (PHP) on alcohol consumption and liver disease is unknown. Objectives: To assess the association between alcohol PHP, alcohol consumption, and cirrhosis in Latin-American countries. Methods: We performed an ecological multi-national study including 20 countries in Latin-America (628,466,088 inhabitants). We obtained country-level socio-demographic information from the World Bank Open Data source. Alcohol-related PHP data for countries in Latin-America were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Information System of Alcohol and Health (GISAH). We used a fixed-effects model to estimate proportions and multiple linear regression models to examine the association between the number of PHP and outcomes (alcohol intake, and deaths due to cirrhosis & traffic injuries). Results: The prevalence of obesity was 27% and 26.1% among males and females, respectively. The estimated alcohol per capita consumption (APC) among the population 15 years old was 6.8 liters of pure alcohol (5.6 recorded and 1.2 unrecorded). The countries with the highest APC were Uruguay (10.8 liters), Argentina (9.8 liters), and Chile (9.3 liters). The overall prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) was 4.9%. ALD was the main cause of cirrhosis in 64.7% of males and 40.0% of females. A total of 19 (95%) countries have at least one alcohol-related PHP on alcohol. The most frequent PHP were: limiting drinking age (95%), tax control (90%), alcohol and driving (90%), and government monitoring systems (90%)(Table). A higher number of alcohol-related PHP was associated with a lower odds of AUD (OR 0.83, 95%CI:0.73-0.94; p=0.004), lower mortality due to ALD (OR 0.18, 95%CI:0.07-0.46, p