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Central nervous system (CNS) infections comprise life-threatening clinical conditions in domestic species, and are commonly related to severe sequelae, disability, or high fatality rates. A set of bacterial pathogens have been identified in central nervous infections in livestock and companion animals, although the most of descriptions are restricted to case reports and a lack of comprehensive studies involving CNS-related bacterial infections have been focused on a great number of domestic species. In this scenario, we retrospectively investigated selected epidemiological data, clinical findings, bacteriological culture, and in vitro susceptibility patterns of 136 nonrepetitive neurologic cases in domestic species (2005-2021). Bacterial isolates were recovered from 25% (34/136) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampled. The isolates were obtained from cattle (9/136 = 6.6%), dogs (7/136 = 5.1%), horses (6/136 = 4.4%), goats (3/136 = 2.2%), pigs (3/136 = 2.2%), sheep (3/136 = 2.2%), cats (2/136 = 1.5%), and asinine (1/136 = 0.7%). Among animals with bacterial isolation, Staphylococcus aureus (6/34 = 17.6%), Escherichia coli (5/34 = 14.7%), Staphylococcus beta-hemolytic (5/34 = 14.7%), and Trueperella pyogenes (3/34 = 8.8%) were predominant, in addition to a miscellaneous of other bacteria isolated in minor frequency, e.g., Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Enterobacter cloacae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. In vitro susceptibility tests of isolates revealed that amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (11/13 = 84.6%), cephalexin (9/11 = 81.8%), and florfenicol (9/12 = 75%) were the most effective antimicrobials. Conversely, isolates exhibited resistance mainly to tetracycline (6/10 = 60%), penicillin (6/11 = 54.5%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (5/11 = 45.5%). Also, multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 classes of antimicrobials was found in 23.5% (8/34) strains. Data relative to the outcome was available in 79.4% (27/34) of animals that had bacterial isolation, and from these, the lethality rate was 92.6% (25/27). Incoordination (14/34 = 41.2%), recumbency (11/34 = 32.4%), apathy (10/34 = 29.4%), anorexia (9/34 = 26.5%), blindness (7/34 = 20.6%), seizure (6/34 = 17.6%), limb paresis (5/34 = 14.7%), head-pressing (4/34 = 11.8%), and nystagmus (3/34 = 8.8%) were the most frequent clinical signs. A variety of bacterial pathogens were identified in the CSF of domestic species showing neurologic signs, with a predominance of staphylococci, streptococci, and enterobacteria. High lethality of cases, poor in vitro efficacy of conventional antimicrobials, and a high in vitro multidrug resistance pattern of isolates were seen. Our results contribute to etiological characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and clinical-epidemiological findings of bacterial infections in domestic species with neurological signs.

Leptospirosis is considered a bacterial zoonosis of public health importance. It is common in tropical areas, especially in developing countries with scarce health and sanitation resources. This study evaluated the presence of Leptospira spp. in slaughtered bovine in a slaughterhouse in the Midwest region of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as identified positive animals both in serology and by molecular analysis. Biological samples of blood, liver and kidneys from 150 cattle were investigated by the technique of Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (cPCR). The serological results showed that of the 150 animals, 71 (47.3%) were reactive. The molecular results showed the presence of Leptospira spp. in kidneys of 21 (14%) animals, in liver of five (3.3%) animals, in liver and kidneys in two animals (1.3%) and in blood, in one (0.7%) animal. These results indicate a warning about the health of beef cattle due to the possibility of these animals being the source of infection and the importance of the occupational characteristic of this disease. It was also verified the importance of complementing serological and molecular techniques.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:22:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-05. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:28:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352021000200335.pdf: 285395 bytes, checksum: a3cedcc7af30ef6dc6bb6b1f494b3f98 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O objetivo deste estudo foi esclarecer se há alteração do risco trombótico em cães com anemia hemolítica imunomediada primária e secundária a E.canis, avaliado por meio da tromboelastometria, após início de tratamento com micofenolato de mofetila. A seleção dos animais foi baseada na avaliação de hemograma, exame bioquímico e urinálise. Cães com anemia moderada a severa (hematócrito ≤ 25%), com sinais de hemólise imunomediada, como esferocitose, aglutinação em salina positivo, bilirrubinúria e/ ou hemoglobinúria, foram incluídos. As amostras de sangue e urina foram coletadas em dois momentos diferentes. A primeira amostra (M1) foi coletada no momento do diagnóstico, quando o hematócrito era igual ou inferior a 25%, sem fazer uso do micofenolato de mofetila (Accord®), e o segundo momento (M2), após tratamento com micofenolato de mofetila, quando o hematócrito era igual ou maior que 30%. Doze animais foram selecionados, cinco morreram antes do término do estudo. Não houve diminuição do risco trombótico entre os animais tratados com micofenolato de mofetila; os animais que apresentaram menor coagulabilidade apresentaram pior prognóstico, e a contagem de reticulócitos apresentou melhor valor prognóstico do que a contagem de hemácias no momento do diagnóstico. This study aimed to identify, by means of thromboelastometry assessment, altered thrombotic risk in dogs with primary and secondary IMHA by E. canis infection after initiating the immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil. The animals’ screening was based on complete blood count (CBC), biochemical and urine tests. Dogs with moderate to severe anemia (hematocrit ≤ 25%) which showed symptoms of immune-mediated hemolysis, such as spherocytosis, positive saline agglutination, bilirubinuria and/or hemoglobinuria, were included. Blood and urine samples were collected at two different moments. The first sample (M1) was collected at the time of diagnosis, when hematocrit was lower or equal to 25% before treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (Accord ®); the second sample (M2) was collected after treatment with mycophenolate mofetil, when hematocrit was greater or equal to 30%. Five out of the twelve animals selected died before the end of the study. No reduction in thrombotic risk was observed in the animals treated with mycophenolate mofetil. The animals that presented hypocoagulation at the time of diagnosis showed the worst prognosis, and their reticulocyte count displayed a better prognostic value than their erythrocytes count at the time of diagnosis. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia FAPESP: 2016/23403-1 CAPES: 2016/23403-1

A ocorrência de desastres tecnológicos, como os que são provenientes de rompimento de barragens e cujas consequências no ambiente são de caráter permanente, como a destruição de ecossistemas e a degradação do solo, chamam a atenção para a ocorrência de transmissão de zoonoses, sendo a mais destacada a leptospirose. A partir de um relato de caso de um cão adotado infectado por leptospirose após o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de minério de ferro em Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, o presente artigo busca discutir de maneira crítica as práticas humanitárias de adoção de animais em estado de vulnerabilidade sem os devidos cuidados de saúde iniciais, suscetíveis a transmissão de doenças.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T12:09:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Klebsiella species, particularly K. pneumoniae, are well-known opportunistic enterobacteria related to complexity of clinical infections in humans and animals, commonly refractory to conventional therapy. The domestic animals may represent a source of the pathogenic and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella species to humans. Nevertheless, most studies involving Klebsiella-induced infections in domestic animals are restricted to case reports or outbreaks. We retrospectively investigated selected epidemiological data, clinical aspects, and in vitro susceptibility pattern of 697 non-repetitive Klebsiella infections in livestock and companion species (1997–2019). The isolates were obtained from different clinical disorders from dogs (n = 393), cattle (n = 149), horses (n = 98), cats (n = 27), pigs (n = 22), sheep (n = 5), goats (n = 2), and buffalo (n = 1), except four isolates from subclinical bovine mastitis. Urinary (223/697 = 32%), enteric (117/697 = 16.8%), mammary (85/697 = 12.2%), reproductive (85/697 = 12.2%), and respiratory disorders (67/697 = 9.6%) were the most common clinical manifestations. Other miscellaneous clinical pictures (116/697 = 16.6%) included abscesses, otitis, hepatitis, conjunctivitis, pyodermitis, sepsis, and encephalitis. Norfloxacin (183/245 = 74.7%) and gentamicin (226/330 = 68.5%) were the most effective antimicrobials. High in vitro resistance of the isolates was seen to ampicillin (326/355 = 91.8%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (25/62 = 40.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (100/252 = 39.7), and multidrug resistance to ≥ 3 classes of antimicrobials was found in 20.4% (142/697) isolates. Wide variety of clinical manifestations of Klebsiella-induced infections was observed, with a predominance of urinary, enteric, mammary, reproductive, and respiratory tract disorders, reinforcing opportunistic behavior of agent. Poor in vitro efficacy was observed to some conventional antimicrobials and ~ 20% of isolates exhibited resistance pattern, reinforcing the need for proper use of drugs on therapy approaches in domestic animals to avoid multidrug-resistant bacteria, an emergent global concern. Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, SP School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University-UNESP, SP Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Antonio Nariño University Technology Faculty FATEC, SP Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, SP School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University-UNESP, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-11 Molecular diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis plays an essential role in the epidemiological knowledge of the disease. Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis represents a risk to human health. This study aimed to perform the genotypic characterization of M. bovis isolated from bovines diagnosed as tuberculosis from dairy herds in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Granulomas from 30 bovines were sent for microbiological culture, and colonies compatible with Mycobacterium spp. were obtained in at least one culture from 17/30 granulomas. All isolates were confirmed to be M. bovis by spoligotyping and 24loci MIRU-VNTR typing. While spoligotyping characterized the isolates as SB0121, SB0295, SB0852, SB0120, and an unclassified genotype, 24loci MIRU-VNTR rendered two clusters of two isolates each and 13 unique profiles. Loci ETR-A showed higher discriminatory power, and loci (ETR-B, ETR-C, MIRU16, MIRU27, and QUB26) showed moderate allelic diversity. This is the first study on the genetic variability of the infectious agent cause of bovine TB in Pernambuco and demonstrates variability of strains in the state. Thus, it corroborates the importance of this microorganism as agent of bovine tuberculosis and its zoonotic potential, this epidemiological tool being a determinant in the rigor of the sanitary practices of disease control in dairy herds. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada à Micobactérias Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:26:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-06-01 Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) is a disease of worldwide distribution caused by the bacteria Ehrlichia canis, appearing primarily in hot climates due to the massive prevalence of its vector, the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Previous studies have shown that dogs afflicted by CME in the chronic phase can develop infectious myocarditis, arrhythmias, and alterations in heart rate variability (HRV), but there are few studies correlating cardiac diseases with the acute phase of CME. This study aims at assessing electric cardiac alterations and HRV in the time and frequency domains during the acute phase of CME. This study assessed 22 animals divided into 2 distinct groups: the control group, comprised by 10 healthy dogs, and the sick group, comprised of 12 dogs infected naturally with ehrlichiosis which presented clinical and hematological signs compatible with the acute phase of the disease. The animals underwent conventional and Holter electrocardiographic evaluations, systolic blood pressure measurement, complete blood count and biochemical assays (urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)). The sick group presented higher activity in the sympathetic nervous system than in the parasympathetic nervous system, manifest as a significant increase in mean heart rate and a reduction in the HRV indexes for the time and frequency domains. The frequency-domain HRV indexes presented sympathetic prevalence during the sleep and vigilance states. Sinus tachycardia was the predominant heart rhythm in 58.33% of the animals. The mean systolic blood pressure diverged between the groups and no significant arrhythmias were observed during monitoring. The serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, AP, ALT, and GGT were within the established reference values for the species. We observed no indication that there was enough time during the acute phase for the disease to evolve in a way that resulted in arrhythmias, as is common in the chronic phase, but we observed that animals in the acute phase already present reduced HRV indexes. Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Veterinary Clinic Department São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Veterinary Clinic Department São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science

This study aims at assessing the prevalence of glomerular alterations in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and comparing the clinical and laboratory parameters. The tests conducted include a double-blind histopathological assay conducted by two pathologists, urine tests including inactive sediment, urinary protein-to-creatinine (UPC), serum albumin and serum creatinine, as well as measurement of the systolic arterial blood pressure. The prevalence of glomerular injuries was determined and the predominant injury was compared with a group comprised of the remaining injuries. The study included 24 dogs with CKD. The results revealed a predominance of membranous glomerular alterations 17/24 (70,83%), followed by glomerulosclerosis 3/24 (12,50%), membranoproliferative injuries 2/24, glomerulocystic atrophy 1/24 and glomerular amyloidosis 1/24. Amyloidosis presented the highest UPC while the membranoproliferative injury presented the lowest mean concentration of serum albumin. Higher values in the UPC did not correspond with lower mean serum albumin values. Glomerulosclerosis presented the highest mean systolic blood pressure and glomerular atrophy presented the highest creatinine values. When comparing membranous injuries with a group comprised of the remaining injuries, the UPC did not present significant differences between the groups. Renal amyloidosis was included in the group with the lowest systolic arterial blood pressure values while membranoproliferative injury was included in the group with highest UPC. The group called “others” presented the highest creatinine value. Dogs with CKD may present several types of glomerular injuries with similar clinical and laboratory profiles. This study observed a predominance of membranous glomerular injuries, followed by membranoproliferative injuries, glomerulocystic atrophy and amyloidosis. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência das alterações glomerulares dos cães doentes renais crônicos e comparar parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Foi realizada análise histopatológica por dois patologistas pelo método duplo-cego, análise dos exames de urina com sedimento inativo, razão proteína creatinina urinárias, avaliação da creatinina e albumina séricas e pressão arterial sistólica. Determinou-se a prevalência das lesões glomerulares e foi comparado o grupo de lesões predominante com um grupo abrangendo as demais lesões. Foram incluídos neste estudo 24 cães doentes renais crônicos. Após análise foi observado predomínio de alterações glomerulares membranosas (n=17), seguidos de glomeruloesclerose (n=3), lesões membranoproliferativas (n=2), atrofia glomerulocística (n=1) e amiloidose glomerular (n=1). A amiloidose apresentou maior razão proteína creatinina urinárias e a lesão membranoproliferativa obteve a menor média de albumina sérica. Maiores valores da razão proteína creatinina urinárias não corresponderam com menor média de albumina sérica. Glomeruloesclerose teve maior média de pressão arterial sistólica. O maior valor de creatinina foi observado no caso de atrofia glomerular. Quando comparados lesões membranosas com um grupo dos demais tipos de lesões, RPC não diferiu entre os grupos. Amiloidose renal estava inclusa no grupo de animais com valores mais baixos de pressão arterial sistólica e a lesão membranoproliferativa estava entre os animais com maior RPC. O grupo denominado “outros” teve maior valor de creatinina. Cães com doença renal crônica podem apresentar diferentes tipos de lesões glomerulares com quadros clínicos e laboratoriais semelhantes. Há um predomínio de lesões glomerulares membranosas, seguidas pela glomeruloesclerose, lesão membranoproliferativa, atrofia glomerulocística e amiloidose.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to human and animal health. Part of the AMR dimension is the circulation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing-Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli), which is now commonly reported among companion animals. However, the global perspective of the prevalence and population structure of ESBL-E. coli circulating in dogs and cats has not been estimated limiting our understanding of their role in the dissemination of ESBL-E. coli. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs and cats and across countries through meta-analysis. We also performed a scoping review to summarize the current knowledge on ESBL genes and E. coli clones circulating among companion animals. A total of 128 studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus up to April 2020 were selected and contained information on prevalence and/or molecular characterization of ESBL genes and ESBL-E. coli clones. Our review shows an increase in the number of publications between 2000 and 2019, concentrated mainly in Europe. Prevalence varied across continents, ranging from 0.63% (Oceania) to 16.56% (Africa) in dogs and from 0% (Oceania) to 16.82% (Asia) in cats. Although there were twice as many studies reporting prevalence on dogs (n = 61) than on cats (n = 32), and only 9 studies focused exclusively on cats, our meta-analysis showed no difference in the global prevalence of ESBL-E. coli between dogs (6.87% [95% CI: 4.46–10.45%]) and cats (5.04% [95% CI: 2.42–10.22%]). A considerable diversity of ESBL genes (n = 60) and sequence types (ST) (n = 171) were recovered from companion animals. ESBL-E. coli encoded by CTX-M-15 (67.5%, 77/114) and SHV-12 (21.9%, 25/114), along with resistant strains of ST38 (22.7%, 15/66) and ST131 (50%, 33/66) were widespread and detected in all continents. While presence of ESBL-E. coli is widespread, the drivers influencing the observed ESBL-E. coli prevalence and the clinical relevance in veterinary medicine and public health along with economic impact of ESBL-E. coli infections among companion animals need to be further investigated.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:38:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) FONDECYT National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) FONDECYT Iniciacion ANID Millennium Science Initiative/Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance, MICROB-R The extensive use of antibiotics is a leading cause for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among dogs. However, the impact of using antibiotics to treat viral infections on AMR remains unknown. In this study, we compared the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCR-E) between dogs with a suspected infection of canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper (CDV) before and after treatment with third-generation cephalosporins. We found a higher prevalence of ESCR-E faecal carriage in dogs suspected of CPV (37%) and CDV (15%) compared to dogs with noninfectious pathologies (9%) even prior to the start of their treatment. A 7-day course of ceftriaxone or ceftiofur administrated to CPV and CDV-suspected dogs substantially increased their ESCR-E faecal carriage during treatment (85% for CPV and 57% for CDV), and 4 weeks after the treatment ended (89% for CPV and 60% for CDV) when dogs were back in their households. Most of the observed resistance was carried by ESCR-E. coli carrying bla(CTX-M) genes. Our results suggest the need to optimize prophylactic antibiotic therapy in dogs treated for a suspected viral infection to prevent ESCR-E emergence and spread in the community. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Prod & Prevent Vet Med, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Millennium Initiat Collaborat Res Bacterial Resis, Santiago 7550000, Chile Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Med Vet, Santiago 8940000, Chile Univ Cayetano Heredia Peru, Fac Vet Med & Zootech, Lima 15102, Peru Univ Desarrollo, Fac Med Clin Alemana, Genom & Resistant Microbes Grp, Santiago 7550000, Chile Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ciencias Vida, Dept Ecol & Biodiversidad, Santiago 8320000, Chile Univ Andres Bello, Fac Ciencias Vida, Ctr Invest Sustentabilidad, Santiago 8320000, Chile Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Prod & Prevent Vet Med, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil CAPES: 001 FONDECYT: 1181167 National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) FONDECYT Iniciacion: 11181017 ANID Millennium Science Initiative/Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance, MICROB-R: NCN17_081

Molecular diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis plays an essential role in the epidemiological knowledge of the disease. Bovine tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis represents a risk to human health. This study aimed to perform the genotypic characterization of M. bovis isolated from bovines diagnosed as tuberculosis from dairy herds in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Granulomas from 30 bovines were sent for microbiological culture and colonies compatible with Mycobacterium spp were obtained in at least one culture from 17/30 granulomas. All isolates were confirmed to be M. tuberculosis bovis by spoligotyping and 24loci MIRU-VNTR typing. While spoligotyping characterized the isolates as SB0121, SB0295, SB0852, SB0120 and an unclassified genotype, 24loci MIRU-VNTR rendered two clusters of two isolates each and 13 unique profiles. Loci ETR-A showed higher discriminatory power, and loci (ETR-B, ETR-C, MIRU16, MIRU27 and QUB26) showed moderate allelic diversity. This is the first study on genetic variability of the infectious agent cause of bovine TB in Pernambuco and demonstrates variability of strains in the state. Thus, it corroborates the importance of this microorganism as agent of bovine tuberculosis and its zoonotic potential, being this epidemiological tool determinant in the rigor of the sanitary practices of disease control in dairy herds.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-01 Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESC-R E. coli) in dogs has been reported worldwide and can reduce the effectiveness of treatments against bacterial infections. However, the drivers that influence faecal carriage of ESC-R E. coli in dogs are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of ESC-R E. coli among dogs prior to their admission to a veterinary teaching hospital and to identify risk factors associated with the faecal carriage of ESC-R E. coli. Rectal swabs (n = 130) were collected from dogs and screened for ESC-R E. coli using MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (2 μg/mL). E. coli species was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and screening of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes was conducted by multiplex PCR. Questionnaires were completed by each dog's owner to test several human and dog characteristics associated with ESC-R E. coli. The prevalence of faecal carriage of ESC-R E. coli was 9.2 % and 67 % of ESC-R E. coli isolates harboured ESBL genes including CTX-M alone or in combination with TEM. All ESC-R E. coli isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, and cefotaxime and were susceptible to cefoxitin and carbapenems. The likelihood of carrying ESC-R E. coli was 15 times higher (OR = 14.41 [95 % CI: 1.80−38.02], p < 0.01) if the dog was treated with antibiotics 3–12 months prior to sampling and 8 times higher (OR = 7.96 [95 % CI: 2.96−92.07], p < 0.01) if the dog had direct contact with livestock, but 15 times lower (OR = 0.07 [95 % CI: 0.01−0.32], p < 0.01) if the dog was dewormed during the previous year. Our findings confirm the faecal carriage of ESC-R E. coli in subclinical dogs and call for further investigation regarding the impact of deworming on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in companion animals. Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R) Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Escuela de Medicina Facultad de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

A Ehrlichiose Monocítica Canina (EMC) é uma doença multissistêmica e de alta incidência. Contudo, a patogenia da enfermidade ainda não está totalmente esclarecida. Infiltrações plasmocitárias e linfoplasmocitárias são observadas em grande parte dos órgãos de animais acometidos, inclusive na medula óssea. Esses infiltrados sugerem que a maioria das lesões patológicas identificadas na fase crônica pode ser consequência do processo inflamatório originado no início da infecção. Este trabalho tem por objetivo destacar a importância da avaliação medular de cães com EMC. A maior compreensão das alterações medulares na fase aguda poderia esclarecer a origem das alterações observadas na fase crônica. Mais estudos são necessários para verificar se a patogenia da EMC está relacionada apenas a processos imunomediados ou se também há agressões diretas de Ehrlichia canis às células precursoras. Elucidar os mecanismos fisiopatogênicos de E. canis poderia melhorar a terapêutica instituída como também o prognóstico de animais gravemente acometidos

No Brasil, enfermidades infectocontagiosas são as mais prevalentes na casuística de caninos domésticos, sendo a erliquiose monocítica canina, causada pela bactéria Ehrlichia canis, uma das mais graves. Entre os sintomas da doença, os mais descritos pela literatura são: letargia, anorexia, epistaxe, hemorragias, anemia e trombocitopenia. Estudos recentes, contudo, indicam que a doença também está associada a diversos sintomas relacionados a lesões cardíacas. O presente trabalho avaliou cães comprovadamente infectados pela E. canis com o emprego do eletrocardiograma antes e após o tratamento padrão com doxiciclina (10mg/kg), visando identificar alterações típicas causadas pela doença.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:10:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) In developing nations, 10–20% of the human cases of tuberculosis are caused by Mycobacterium bovis. However, this percentage may be underestimated because most laboratories in developing countries do not routinely perform mycobacterial cultures, and only a few have the systems in place to identify M. bovis. There are few studies investigating genotypic diversity and drug resistance in M. bovis from animal and/or human infections. The genotypic diversity of M. bovis strains obtained from bovine lymph nodes were investigated by spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable-number tandem repeat typing (MIRU-VNTR). The phenotypic resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin and MIC values of the isolates were determined using the resazurin microtiter assay plate method (REMA). The evaluation of the possible genetic basis for such resistance was performed with GenoType MTBDRplus. Sixty-seven isolates were obtained, of which 11 (16%) were MDR-TB, 8 (12%) were isoniazid-resistant, and 2 (3%) were rifampicin-resistant. Mutations associated with drug resistance were not found. Genotyping techniques enabled the grouping of the strains into 12 clusters and 21 isolates with unique profiles. The high frequency of M. bovis reinforces the impact of the pathogen as a major causal agent of bovine tuberculosis in the study area. The resistance of the strains to drugs used for first-line treatment of human tuberculosis raises public health concerns. Further studies are required to elucidate the basis of drug resistance and genotypic diversity in M. bovis. Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, P.O. Box: 560, Prof. Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa Street, s/n, Rubiao Junior district Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research School of Pharmaceutical Sciences UNESP- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara-Jau, km 01 Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health USP-Univ. de Sao Paulo, Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva Avenue, 87 Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine UEM-Univ. Estadual de Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790 Federal Veterinary Inspection Service State of Sao Paulo, Dr. Gabriel de Oliveira Rocha Street, 704 Department of Pathophysiology and Host Defense JATA-Japan Anti-tuberculosis Association RIT-Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Zip Code: 204-8533, 3-1-24 Matsuyama Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, P.O. Box: 560, Prof. Dr. Walter Mauricio Correa Street, s/n, Rubiao Junior district Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research School of Pharmaceutical Sciences UNESP- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara-Jau, km 01 FAPESP: #2014/04929-7 FAPESP: 2014/04929-7

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:16:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Canine morbillivirus (previously, canine distemper virus, CDV) is a highly contagious infectious disease-causing agent that produces immunosuppressive infections and multiple clinical signs. Canine toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic disease characterized by enteric, pulmonary, and neuromuscular signs that might be confused with CDV-induced infections. Rhodococcus equi is a Gram-positive intracellular facultative bacterium that is also opportunistic in nature, and causes pyogranulomatous infections in humans and multiple host animals, although canine rhodococcosis is rare or unrecognized. The pathogenicity of R. equi is intimately related to the presence of plasmid-encoded virulence-associated proteins (Vap). Three host-adapted virulence plasmid types of R. equi have been recognized: the circular pVAPA and pVAPB are associated with equine and porcine strains, respectively, and the recently detected linear pVAPN virulence plasmid is related to bovine isolates. Nevertheless, data regarding the detection of host-adapted virulence plasmid types of R. equi isolated from companion animals are scarce. This report describes a case of an uncommon coinfection due to R. equi, T. gondii and CDV, which was diagnosed in a pet dog with respiratory distress. In this case, CDV most likely induced immunosuppression, which facilitated opportunistic infections by R. equi and T. gondii. The analysis of the virulence profile of R. equi revealed the novel pVAPN plasmid type, initially related to bovine strains. This is the second report of the bovine-associated pVAPN type in a pet dog, with an unusual coinfection with T. gondii and CDV. These findings represent a public health concern due to the close contact between pet animals and their owners, particularly because the pVAPN plasmid type was recently detected in people with HIV/AIDS from the same geographical region. UNESP-São Paulo State University Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences UNESP Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences VetMol Laboratory UEL-Londrina State University Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Kitasato University Department of Animal Hygiene UNESP-São Paulo State University Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences UNESP Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences FAPESP: 2015/20585-9 CNPq: 306116/2016-2

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:32:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1517-83822017000100109.pdf: 478681 bytes, checksum: fa00c0a5b25b3e69a449ab6625a204d7 (MD5) Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MtbC). This disease rarely affects dogs. Canine infections are usually caused by M. tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis infections are rare in dogs and associated with consumption of raw milk or contaminated products. Here, we report a Boxer dog who had a M. bovis infection and was admitted to a Brazilian veterinary hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic ehrlichiosis. Despite receiving treatment for chronic ehrlichiosis, it progressed to death. TB was diagnosed during post-mortem examinations using histopathological analysis. Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed acid-fast bacilli in the kidneys, liver, mesentery, and a mass adhered to the liver. Further, PCR-restriction analysis was performed to identify mycobacteria in the samples. A restriction profile compatible with MtbC was found in the lungs. In addition, PCR-based MtbC typing deletions at different loci of chromosome 9 enabled the identification of M. bovis in the lungs. Therefore, it is very essential to perform differential diagnosis of TB in dogs with non-specific clinical signs and who do not respond to treatment, particularly those who had been in contact with TB-infected cattle or owners. Further, we highlight the use of molecular methods for the identification of bacilli, improving the diagnosis and aiding epidemiological studies. Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Faculdade Integrada de Campo Mourão (CEI) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ)

Summary This report describes a fatal case of a pet dog with major enteric signs owned by a family that has experienced cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the household. Clinical and epidemiological aspects, imaging data, microbiological, haematological and histopathological examinations were assessed to diagnosis of disease. gyrB-RFLP, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR allowed molecular detection of M. tuberculosis strain from S family. The resazurin microtiter assay indicated that all isolates were resistant to isoniazid, ethambutol, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, streptomycin and amikacin. The public health concerns related to canine tuberculosis and risk of the dissemination by pets of M. tuberculosis pre-multidrug-resistant (PMD) to isoniazid, ethambutol and other first-line drugs used in human therapy of TB are discussed. We believe this to be the first report of PMD M. tuberculosis infection in a dog presenting mainly enteric manifestation, confirmed as S lineage by molecular methods, owned by a family in which TB has spread in the household for generations.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:20:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:31:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2018000200285.pdf: 637186 bytes, checksum: ec7d078217f3640931007f17821b9320 (MD5) Tetanus is characterized by high case fatality rates in horses. Comprehensive case series studies involving equine tetanus from different geographic areas enable the evaluation of prognosis, efficacy of treatment, and control measures. We retrospectively investigated some selected epidemiological data (breed, age, gender, use of the horses, history of vaccination, seasonality, presence of wound/history of surgical procedures, clinical outcomes) and main clinical aspects (clinical signs, incubation period, length of hospitalization, and period between onset signs and hospitalization) in 70 cases of equine tetanus over 1990-2015, with emphasis in the association between these data and the clinical outcomes. High mortality rate (72.9%) was observed in this study. Forty (57.1%) horses presented history of wounds or surgical procedures related with tetanus, represented mainly by lesions in the hind limbs (42.5%), front limbs (15.0%), umbilical infections (7.1%), castration (4.3%), and face wounds (4.3%). Hyperesthesia, limb spasticity, cervical stiffness, tetanic spasms, and restriction of jaw movement were the main consistent clinical signs. Besides no statistical association, all the horses with umbilical infections, wounds in face, prolonged recumbency, sweating, dysphagia/aphagia died, and together with delay between onset of first clinical signs and prompt veterinary assistance ( < 5 days) were considered indicative of poor prognosis; whereas there was a significant association (p=0.001) between survival and length of hospitalization > 7 days, seemed as an evidence of good prognosis. The high mortality rate of tetanus, even in horses under specific treatment, highlight the need for early diagnosis, prompt veterinary assistance, and establishment of prophylatic measures in equine farms. Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (Unesp), Cx. Postal 560 Faculdade de Tecnologia (FATEC), Av. José ítalo Bacchi s/n. Departamento de Biotecnologia e Bioprocessos Faculdade de Agronomia Unesp Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (Unesp), Cx. Postal 560 Departamento de Biotecnologia e Bioprocessos Faculdade de Agronomia Unesp

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Australian Research Council Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Introduction Risk of mortality in the setting of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cats and dogs remains unclear. Objectives To evaluate the incidence of mortality in cats and dogs with AKI based on etiology (i.e. infectious versus non-infectious; receiving dialysis versus conservative treatment). Materials and methods Ovid Medline, EMBASE, and LILACS were searched up to July 2016. Articles were deemed eligible if they were case series studies evaluating the incidence of all-cause mortality in cats and dogs with AKI, regardless of etiology or the nature of treatment. Results Eighteen case series involving 1,201animalsproved eligible. The pooled proportions for overall mortality were: cats53.1% [95% CI 0.475, 0.586; I2 = 11,9%, p = 0.3352]; dogs 45.0% [95% CI 0.33, 0.58; I2 = 91.5%, P < 0.0001]. A non-significant increase in overall mortality risk was found among dialysed animals relative to those managed with conservative treatment, independent of animal type and the etiology of their AKI. The pooled proportions for overall mortality according to etiology, regardless of treatment type, were: AKI due infectious etiology for cats and dogs, 19.2% [95% CI 0.134, 0.258; I2 = 37.7%, P = 0.0982]; AKI due non-infectious etiology for cats and dogs, 59.9% [95% CI 0.532, 0.663; I2 = 51.0%, P = 0.0211]. Conclusion Our findings suggest higher rates of overall mortality in cats and dogs with AKI due to noninfectious etiologies relative to infectious etiologies, and showed non-significant differences in terms of higher rates associated with dialysis compared to conservative management. Further investigations regarding optimal time to initiate dialysis and the development of clinical models to prognosticate the course of disease and guide optimal treatment initiation for less severe cases of AKI in cats and dogs is warranted. Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Anaesthesiology Botucatu Medical School Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista McMaster Institute of Urology McMaster University School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista Institute of Science and Technology Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista Schoolof Medicine University of Toronto Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical School Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Anaesthesiology Botucatu Medical School Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista Institute of Science and Technology Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Internal Medicine Botucatu Medical School Unesp – Univ Estadual Paulista CNPq: 310953/2015-4

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 The Hobi-like virus presents antigenic and molecular differences in relation to bovine virus diarrhea virus 1 and 2. The description of the complete genome of the Hobi-like virus SV757/15, isolated from a Nelore cow with gastroenteric disease in Brazil, will help in understanding the evolution and diversity of pestiviruses. Universidade Santo Amaro–UNISA Curso de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”–UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamentde Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Federal de Santa Maria UFSM Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”– UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade de São Paulo– USP Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”–UNESP Instituto de Biociências Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”– UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:07:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782014001102035.pdf: 557333 bytes, checksum: 7e3feb42e2cd676f3d80668df2dbe757 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Relata-se caso incomum de osteomielite mandibular deformante em vaca, causada por Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes, na face ventro-lateral da porção caudal do ramo direito da mandíbula. A punção aspirativa de fragmento da lesão permitiu a caracterização citológica, o isolamento microbiano e identificação de T. pyogenes. Exame radiográfico mostrou acentuada reação periodontal na mandíbula direita, com predomínio de áreas líticas e destruição da cortical óssea. Apesar da instituição do tratamento baseado no teste de sensibilidade microbiana in vitro, foi recomendada a eutanásia, em virtude da piora progressiva do estado geral do animal. No exame post-mortem foram observados múltiplos abscessos na lesão que, histologicamente, foi caracterizada como piogranuloma. A colheita de material da região mandibular afetada, após a necropsia, resultou no reisolamento microbiológico de T. pyogenes This study reports an unusual case of deforming mandibular osteomyelitis in a cow caused by Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes, on the face of the ventrolateral caudal portion of the right branch of the mandible. Fragment aspired of lesion by fine needle allowed cytological characterization, isolation and identification of T. pyogenes. Radiographic examination showed marked periosteal reaction in the right mandible, numerous lytic areas and cortical bone destruction. Despite of treatment based on in vitro antimicrobial sensitivity test, it was recommended the euthanasia due to progressive worsening of the cow's condition. Multiple abscesses were observed in the mandibular region at necropsy. Pyogranuloma was characterized in histological exam. Sampled material collected from the lesion after necropsy resulted in microbiological reisolation of T. pyogenes Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia UNESP Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária FMVZ UNESP Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária FMVZ Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia UNESP Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária FMVZ UNESP Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária FMVZ

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-05-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2014000500011.pdf: 389168 bytes, checksum: f1ff99e8b12738f24b1a9cf88356687b (MD5) O estudo tem o objetivo de identificar efeitos indesejáveis da ribavirina, prednisona e DMSO em cães naturalmente infectados com o vírus da cinomose. Foram utilizados 60 cães apresentando quadro neurológico da cinomose com evolução de 10 dias. Os animais foram internados e receberam tratamento de suporte; foram avaliados diariamente e realizados hemograma, dosagem bioquímica e exame de urina tipo I. Os grupos 1 e 2 foram tratados com ribavirina e sua associação com DMSO; os grupos 3 e 4 com DMSO e prednisona e o grupos 5 com ribavirina e prednisona e o grupo 6 com ribavirina, prednisona e DMSO. Os animais foram anestesiados para a colheita de líquor, medula óssea e sangue, antes do tratamento para diagnóstico através da RT-PCR. As amostras negativas foram analisadas pela técnica de hn-PCR. Todos os animais apresentaram resultado positivo em pelo menos uma das duas reações. O efeito adverso da ribavirina e a sua associação com a prednisona foi a anemia hemolítica, que foi confirmada pela observação de bilirrubina na urina apenas dos cães tratados com ribavirina. The present study aims at the identification of undesirable effects of ribavirin, predinisone and DMSO in dogs naturally infected by canine distemper virus. The research analyzed 60 dogs with clinical neurological signs and 10 days of evolution. The animals were hospitalized for the appropriate support treatment; were daily observed, and complete blood cells count, biochemical analysis, and urine exam type I were conducted. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with ribavirin and its combination with DMSO; Groups 3 and 4 treated with prednisone and DMSO, Group 5 treated with ribavirin and prednisone, while Group 6 with ribavirin, prednisone and DMSO. Before the treatment, animals were anesthetized for the cerebrospinal fluid, bone marrow and blood samples collection for the diagnosis based on RT-PCR. The negative samples were analyzed using the hn-PCR technique. All the animals presented positive results in at least one of the 2 tests. The adverse result of ribavirin and its association with prednisone was characterized by haemolytic anemia, confirmed by the evaluation of bilirrubin occurrence only in the urine of dogs treated with ribavirin. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Unesp FMVZ Departamento de Clínica Veterinária Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Análises Clínicas e Parasitologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Unesp FMVZ Departamento de Clínica Veterinária

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:28:37Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84878305343.pdf: 708430 bytes, checksum: 896a21ebd520a26a251c9f79dc536acf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 In order to determine antibodies anti-Leptospira spp. in dogs from Botucatu-SP with a clinical suspicion and the risk factors for this zoonosis, as well possible hematological and urine alterations were collected blood samples from 248 dogs. The diagnostic test performed was the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) with 29 serovars of leptospires. Titers were considered reagent ≥200 and detected in 17.7% (44/248) of the dogs. The most frequent serovars were Autumnalis (20.5%); Pyrogenes (18.2%); Gryppothyphosa (15.9%); Canicola (13.6%); Bratislava and Copenhageni (9.1%); Andamana (4.5%) and Djasiman (2.3%). Regarding the analysis of the epidemiological questionnaire administered to owners of the dogs, there was statistical significance for sex, age and presence of rats at home, showing that, by logistic regression analysis, only the sex variable was been significantly associated to the presence of antibodies anti-Leptospira. The levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased in the group of animals reagents to the Microscopic Agglutination Test, showing the renal damage in these animals and decreased hemoglobin level. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista FMVZ/ UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Jr., s/n, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-970 Laboratório de Análises Clínicas e Parasitologia Dept. de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, UEFS, Feira de Santana, BA APTA Pólo Regional Centro-Oeste, Av. Rodrigues Alves, 40-40 -Bauru, SP, CEP 17030-000 Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista FMVZ/ UNESP, Distrito de Rubião Jr., s/n, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-970

In order to determine antibodies anti-Leptospira spp. in dogs from Botucatu-SP with a clinical suspicion and the risk factors for this zoonosis, as well possible hematological and urine alterations were collected blood samples from 248 dogs. The diagnostic test performed was the Microscopic Agglutination Test with 29 serovars of leptospires. Titers were considered reagent ?200 and detected in 17.7% (44/248) of the dogs. The most frequent serovars were Autumnalis (20.5%); Pyrogenes (18.2%); Gryppothyphosa (15.9%); Canicola (13.6%); Bratislava and Copenhageni (9.1%); Andamana (4.5%) and Djasiman (2.3%). Regarding the analysis of the epidemiological questionnaire administered to owners of the dogs, there was statistical significance for sex, age and presence of rats at home, showing that, by logistic regression analysis, only the sex variable was been significantly associated to the presence of antibodies anti-Leptospira. The levels of urea and creatinine were significantly increased in the group of animals reagents to the Microscopic Agglutination Test, showing the renal damage in these animals and decreased hemoglobin level.Com o objetivo de verificar a freqüência sorológica anti-leptospírica em cães de Botucatu –SP com suspeita clínica e os fatores de risco para esta zoonose, bem como as possíveis alterações hematológicas e urinárias, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 248 cães. A prova diagnóstica utilizada foi a de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), testando-se 29 sorovares de leptospiras, considerando-se reagente a partir do título ?200. Das 248 amostras testadas,17,7% (44/248) foram reagentes. Dentre os sorovares reagentes, verificou-se prevalência para: Autumnalis (20,5%); Pyrogenes (18,2%); Grippothyphosa (15,9%); Canicola (13,6%), Bratislava e Copenhageni (9,1%); Andamana (4,5%) e Djasiman (2,3%). Em relação à análise do questionário epidemiológico aplicado aos proprietários dos cães, observou-se significância estatística para as variáveis sexo, faixa etária e presença de ratos no domicílio, demonstrando-se que, pela análise de regressão logística, somente a variável sexo foi significativamente associada à presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira. Os níveis de uréia e creatinina estiveram significativamente aumentados no grupo de animais reagentes à SAM, demonstrando o comprometimento renal nestes animais, bem como a diminuição do nível de hemoglobina.

The caudal vena cava thrombosis, or pulmonary thromboembolism, in cattle is correlated with lactic acidosis, caused by diets rich in grains and highly fermentable, associated or not to septic situations, used in feedlots of beef or high-producing dairy cattle. This paper reports an unusual caudal vena cava thrombosis in a cow, secondary to Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes infection, resulting in reduced milk production, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, ruminal atony, sternal decubitus and autoauscultation position. The heart was enlarged at necropsy, presence of clots distributed along the thoracic cavity, adherence between lung and pleura, abscesses, emphysema, petechiae, suffusions and ecchymosis in lungs, thickening of the caudal vena cava wall, hepatomegaly with chronic passive congestion ("nutmeg" aspect), and rumenitis. In lab, the actinomycete Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes was isolated from liver and lung samples, probably resulting through dissemination of the bacteria of the rumen content, what reaffirms the opportunistic behavior of this actinomycete. Resumo: A síndrome da veia cava caudal ou tromboembolismo pulmonar bovino está relacionada à acidose láctica causada por dietas ricas em grãos e altamente fermentáveis, associados ou não a quadros sépticos, usadas em confinamentos de bovinos de corte ou para vacas leiteiras de alta produção. O presente artigo reporta caso raro de trombose da veia cava caudal em uma vaca, secundária a infecção por Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes, apresentando reduzida produção de leite, anorexia, palidez de mucosas, atonia ruminal, decúbito esternal e posição de autoauscultação. À necrópsia observou-se coração aumentado de tamanho, coágulos distribuídos por toda cavidade torácica, aderência entre os pulmões e pleura, abscessos, enfisema, petéquias, sufusões, equimoses nos pulmões, espessamento da parede da veia cava caudal com trombo, hepatomegalia com congestão passiva crônica (aspecto de "noz moscada"), e ruminite. Em laboratório isolou-se o actinomiceto Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes a partir de amostras de fígado e pulmão, provavelmente resultando da disseminação da bactéria proveniente do conteúdo ruminal, e reafirma o comportamento oportunista deste actinomiceto.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:56:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000400036.pdf: 344111 bytes, checksum: 04b17e11433b38d41eff9e22f7dceaf0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:56:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352012000400036.pdf: 344111 bytes, checksum: 04b17e11433b38d41eff9e22f7dceaf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:50:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000400036.pdf: 344111 bytes, checksum: 04b17e11433b38d41eff9e22f7dceaf0 (MD5) S0102-09352012000400036.pdf.txt: 16494 bytes, checksum: b75f4851581aeac7e34b71433bf6ba2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:39:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000400036.pdf: 344111 bytes, checksum: 04b17e11433b38d41eff9e22f7dceaf0 (MD5) S0102-09352012000400036.pdf.txt: 16494 bytes, checksum: b75f4851581aeac7e34b71433bf6ba2f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-09352012000400036.pdf: 344111 bytes, checksum: 04b17e11433b38d41eff9e22f7dceaf0 (MD5) S0102-09352012000400036.pdf.txt: 16494 bytes, checksum: b75f4851581aeac7e34b71433bf6ba2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-01 A retrospective study of major clinical and epidemiological findings was performed in 11 cases of tetanus observed in eight sheep and three goats from 1998 to 2008. The cases occurred predominantly in animals aging from five days to two years, in winter season, with history of recent wounds or surgical procedures. Muscle rigidity and muscular tremors (72.0%), tachycardia/dyspnea (54.5%), change of placement of ears (45.4%), protusion of the third eyelid (27.2%), hypersensitivity to external stimulus (18.1%), and elevation of ears (18.1%) were the most common clinical signs. UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-12T18:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:14:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:31:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-01 The serological profile of 300 mongrel dogs of various ages and gender were investigated. Animals were captured in the streets and afterwards directed to a private kennel in Avare city (SP) to search for leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and neosporosis. Blood samples were obtained from jugular or cephalic vein for the obtention of sera. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to leptospirosis. MAT detect the prevalence of 9.3%. The most frequent reactant serovars were Bratislava (35.7%), Cynopteri (17.9%), Autumnalis (14.3%), and Copenhageni (10.7%), besides 7.1% to others serovars: Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, and Hardjo. The modified agglutination test used for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis showed 26% of positive animals, with titers varying from 16 to 256, with 16 in 3.3%, 64 in 13.7%, and 256 in 9% of the samples. To canine neosporosis, it was used the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and two animals (0.7%) demonstrated antibodies with titers 25 and 100. The results show the participation of the animals in the epidemiological chain of the researched diseases. Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FMVZ UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil FMVZ UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

RESUMO A terapia antimicrobiana ainda e a ferramenta de escolha para o controle de infeccoes causadas pelos generos Pasteurella e Mannheimia . O trabalho apresenta os resultados dos Testes de Sensibilidade a Antimicrobianos, realizados atraves do metodo de difusao pelo sistema de discos, de 71 amostras de Pasteurella multocida e 71 de Mannheimia haemolytica isoladas de varias especies animais, provenientes da regiao de Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brasil, entre Janeiro de 2000 e Novembro de 2007. Os resultados demonstram grande diferenca de sensibilidade entre os isolados, variando de 74,54% (sulfa-trimetoprim) a 100,00% (ciprofloxacina e florfenicol) , em relacao a P. multocida e de 80,05% (gentamicina) a 100,00% (ampicilina), em relacao a M. haemolytica , alem da ocorrencia de resistencia multipla. Estes dados indicam a ocorrencia de selecao de cepas resistentes, devido ao uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, e a importância de testar a sensibilidade, in vitro , de cepas patogenicas envolvidas em casos clinicos, para definir a terapia antimicrobiana mais apropriada. Palavras-chave: Pasteurella multocida , Mannheimia haemolytica , sensibilidade antimicrobiana, resistencia multipla. Susceptibility Profile of Samples of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica Isolated in the Botucatu’s Region, Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the Period from January 2000 to November 2007 ABSTRACT The antimicrobial therapy is still the tool of choice for control of infections caused by Pasteurella and Mannheimia genres. The paper presents the results of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests, performed by disk diffusion method, of 71 samples of Pasteurella multocida and 71 of Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from many species of animals coming from Botucatu’s region, Sao Paulo, Brazil, between January 2000 and November 2007. The results demonstrate large difference in susceptibility among the isolates, ranging from 74,54% (sulfa-trimethoprim) to 100,00% (ciprofloxacin and florfenicol), with regard to Pasteurella multocida , and from 80,05% (gentamicin) to 100,00% (ampicilin), with regard to Mannheimia haemolytica , in addition of the occurrence of multiple resistance. These data indicate the occurrence of resistant strains’ selection, due to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents, and the importance of in vitro susceptibility test of pathogenic strains involved in clinical cases, to define the most appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Key words: Pasteurella multocida , Mannheimia haemolytica , antimicrobial susceptibility, multiple resistance. Perfil de Susceptibilidad de las Muestras de Pasteurella multocida y Mannheimia haemolytica Aisladas en la Region de Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brasil, en el Periodo Comprendido entre Enero de 2000 y Noviembre de 2007 RESUMEN La terapia antimicrobiana es el instrumento de eleccion para el control de infecciones causadas por los generos Pasteurella y Mannheimia . El trabajo presenta los resultados de los ensayos de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana realizados por lo metodo de difusion en disco, de 71 muestras de Pasteurella multocida y 71 de Mannheimia haemoltyca aisladas de muchas especies de animales, procedentes de la region de Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brasil, entre Enero de 2000 y Noviembre de 2007. Los resultados muestran una gran diferencia en la susceptibilidad entre los aislados, que van desde 74,54% (sulfa-trimetoprim) a 100,00% (ciprofloxacina y florfenicol) para Pasteurella multocida e desde 80,05% (gentamicina) a 100,00% (ampicilina) para Mannheimia haemolytica , ademas de la incidencia de resistencia multiple. Estos datos indican la ocurrencia de seleccion de cepas resistentes, debido al uso indiscriminado de los agentes antimicrobianos, y la importancia de la prueba de susceptibilidad in vitro de cepas patogenas implicadas en casos clinicos, para definir la mas adecuada terapia antimicrobiana. Palabras-clave: Pasteurella multocida , Mannheimia haemolytica , susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, resistencia multiple.

Resumo O advento dos antimicrobianos permitiu o controle e cura das doencas infecciosas, mudando a evolucao natural das mesmas de forma marcante. Os resultados de programas locais de vigilância de resistencia a antimicrobianos sao de extrema importância, pois auxiliam a escolha da terapeutica empirica, especialmente em infeccoes no qual o diagnostico etiologico e dificil. No caso especifico da terapeutica antimicrobiana em animais de companhia, sabe-se da importância do cloranfenicol, pelo seu amplo espectro de acao e pela elevada lipossolubilidade que propicia ampla difusao atraves de barreiras biologicas. Antimicrobiano sintetico, derivado do propanodiol, o cloranfenicol possui em sua formula estrutural um grupo nitro que produz anemia aplasica irreversivel em primatas. A primeira medida foi a remocao deste radical e sua substituicao por um grupo metil sulfonil, resultando no tianfenicol. No entanto, este composto apresentou concentracoes inibitorias minimas maiores, em relacao ao cloranfenicol, devido ao acumulo celular lento e por essa razao, as bacterias adquiriram mais resistencia ao tianfenicol. Dessa forma, alteraram-se substancialmente as caracteristicas da molecula, substituindo o grupo hidroxido por um atomo de fluor, dando lugar a uma combinacao precisa de amplo espectro, seguranca e ausencia de inconvenientes de resistencia bacteriana, chamado de florfenicol. Porem o uso macico e inadequado de antimicrobianos tem implicacoes no aumento das taxas de resistencia microbiana, existindo uma relacao direta entre o quantitativo de antimicrobianos usados e a incidencia de resistencia bacteriana. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a sensibilidade dos principais agentes infecciosos nos animais, frente ao cloranfenicol e ao florfenicol e comparar o desempenho de ambos os frente as mais diversas bacterias patogenicas. O estudo retrospectivo foi realizado atraves de 562 antibiogramas do Laboratorio de Diagnostico Microbiologico, da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, da Universidade Estadual Paulista – Campus Botucatu, no periodo de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2006. Palavras-chave: cloranfenicol, florfenicol, sensibilidade bacteriana, resistencia bacteriana. Profile Sensitivity of Bacteria Isolated of Domestic Animals in the Region of Botucatu Front for Cloranfenicol and Florfenicol Abstract The advent of antimicrobians allowed control and cure of the infectious diseases, changing disease’s natural evolution in a remarkable way. The results of local programs that maintain vigilance regarding antimicrobians resistance are of high importance, because its role as auxiliary to choose empiric therapeutics, especially on infections whose etiologic diagnosis is difficult. Specifically on small animals amtimicrobian therapy, it is known the importance of cloranfenicol, because its broad spectrum and high liposolubility allowing a wide diffusion through biological barriers. This synthetic, propanodiol-derived antimicrobian agent has in its structural formula a nitro group that provokes nonreversible aplasic anemia in primates. The first step was to remove this radical and substitutes for a metil sulfonil radical, resulting on tianfenicol. However, because its slow cellular storage, this compound showed higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) than cloranfenicol and so, the bacteria became easily resistant. Thus, the characteristics of this molecule were consistently modified, dropping the hidroxil group and adding a flour atom, arising this way an accurate, safe, non-resistance inducer, broad spectrum combination called florfenicol. However, the massive and inadequate use of antimicrobians has an effect on augment of antimicrobians resistance ratios, showing a direct relation between quantity of used antimicrobians and bacterial resistance incidence. The objective of this study is to verify the sensitivity of the main infectious agents in animals facing cloranfenicol and florfenicol, and to compare the efficiency of both of them against diverse pathogenic bacteria. The retrospective study was developed through 562 antibiograms, performed in the Laboratory of Microbiologic Diagnosis of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootecnics at Sao Paulo State University-Campus Botucatu, from January 2000, to June 2006. Key words: cloranfenicol, florfenicol, bacterial sensitivity, bacterial resistance. Perfil de sensibilidad de bacterias aisladas de los animales domesticos en la Region de Botucatu Frente para cloranfenicol y Florfenicol Resumen El advenimiento de los antimicrobianos permitio el control y cura de las enfermedades infecciosas, cambiando la evolucion natural de las mismas de manera contundente. Los resultados de los programas locales de vigilancia de la resistencia de antimicrobianos son de importancia extrema, porque auxilian en la eleccion de la terapeutica empirica, especialmente en aquellas infecciones en las cuales es dificil el diagnostico etiologico. En el caso especifico de la terapeutica antimicrobiana en animales de compania, es conocida la importancia del cloranfenicol, debido a su amplio espectro de accion y elevada liposolubilidad, la cual hace propicia una amplia difusion a traves de barreras biologicas. Antimicrobiano sintetico, derivado del propanodiol, el cloranfenicol posee en su formula estructural un grupo nitro que produce anemia aplasica irreversible en primates. La primera medida fue la remocion de este radical y su sustitucion por un grupo metil sulfonil, resultando en tianfenicol. Sin embargo, este compuesto presento concentraciones minimas inhibitorias mas altas con relacion al cloranfenicol, debido a la acumulacion celular lenta, razon por la cual las bacterias adquirieron mas resistencia al tianfenicol. De esa manera, se alteraron sustancialmente las caracteristicas de la molecula, sustituyendo el grupo hidroxilo por un atomo de fluor, lo que dio lugar a una combinacion precisa de amplio espectro, segura y con ausencia de inconvenientes de resistencia bacteriana, llamado florfenicol. No obstante, el uso masivo e inadecuado de antimicrobianos tiene implicaciones en el aumento de las tasas de resistencia microbiana, existiendo una relacion directa entre la cantidad de antimicrobianos usados y la incidencia de resistencia bacteriana. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo verificar la sensibilidad de los principales agentes infecciosos en los animales, frente al cloranfenicol y al florfenicol; y comparar el desempeno de ambos frente a las mas diversas bacterias patogenas. El estudio retrospectivo fue realizado a traves de 562 antibiogramas del Laboratorio de Diagnostico Microbiologico, de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Estatal Paulista-Campus Botucatu, en el periodo de enero de 2000 a junio de 2006. Palabras-clave: cloranfenicol, florfenicol, sensibilidad bacteriana, resistencia bacteriana.

RESUMO Este trabalho descreve a ocorrencia de abortamento canino causado por Brucella canis e o isolamento de B. canis a partir de feto abortado. Os cultivos microbiologicos de figado, rim e pulmao fetal resultaram positivos. Sangue e swab vaginal do animal resultaram negativos para o isolamento do agente. A presenca do DNA de Brucella spp foi constatada no swab vaginal na reacao em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). As provas de soroaglutinacao e imunodifusao em gel de agar resultaram positivas. Palavras-chave: Brucella canis , cao, abortamento, PCR. Canine Abortion Caused by Brucella canis : Case Report ABSTRACT This paper describes the occurrence of abortion in a bitch caused by Brucella canis and the isolation of B. canis from the aborted canine fetus. Positive bacteriological cultures were obtained from fetal liver, spleen and lungs. Vaginal swabs and blood from animal were negative by the bacteriological cultures. The presence of Brucella spp DNA was evidenced in vaginal swab samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The seroagglutination and agar gel immunediffusion tests had resulted positive. Key words : Brucella canis , dog, abortion, fetus, bacteriology. Abortamento Canino por Brucella canis : Informe del Caso RESUMEN Este estudio describe la ocurrencia del abortamento canino causado por Brucella canis y el islamiento de B. canis a partir del feto abortado. Los cultivos microbiologicos de higado, rinones y pulmon fetales resultaron positivos. Sangre y swab vaginal del animal resultaron negativos para el islamiento del agente. La presencia del DNA de Brucella spp fue constactada a partir del swab vaginal en la reaccion en cadena por la polimerasa (PCR). Las pruebas de seroaglutinacion e inmunodifusion en gel de agar resultaron positivas. Palabras-clave: Brucella canis , perro, abortamento, PCR.