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Purpose of the study. Revealing the features of the formation of damage to the structure of the chest and abdominal organs in pedestrians during their collisions with moving cars. Materials and methods. A forensic medical examination of 215 corpses of persons killed in collisions with moving cars was carried out. Among the dead there were 173 men and 42 women. The victims were between 14 and 75 years old. Research results and their discussion. It was found that among pedestrians who died in collisions with cars, injuries of two or more parts of the body with fractures of the limb bones (55.8%) and с ombined injury (CI) of the head, chest, abdomen (23.3%) prevail. In the composition of CI, damage to the structure of the chest and organs of the chest cavity was noted in 85.6% of cases. Rib fractures were detected in 57.7% of cases; fractures in the midclavicular and axillary lines predominated in localization. Damage to the structure of organs and tissues of the abdominal cavity in the composition of the abdominal CI in pedestrians was -71.0%. At the same time, 80.8% of the dead pedestrians show signs of injury to organs and tissues with pronounced hemorrhages in the suspension apparatuses, walls and parenchyma of organs. In 23.2% of cases, along with hemorrhages, there is a violation of the anatomical integrity of organs, mainly the liver and spleen. The outlined nature of damage to the structure of the chest, organs of the chest and abdominal cavity made it possible to establish the possibility of their formation in the 3rd phase of car injury - the fall of the injured on the road surface. Traumatic (pleuropulmonary), hemorrhagic shock and hemorrhagic pneumothorax were the main causes of injuries at the prehospital stage.

The article analyzes and systematizes materials on the establishment and development of forensic medicine in Uzbekistan. It was noted that until the 1960-1970s, no independent forensic medical examinations were conducted in Turkestan, Uzbekistan in particular. The formation of scientific forensic medicine began with the establishment of the Uzbek National University (1918) with the Faculty of Medicine, where forensic medicine was taught. In the 1940-1950s, forensic medical examination bureaus (FME) were established in the regional centers of Uzbekistan. At present, the FME service includes the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for FME with its regional branches in Karakalpakstan and other regions, the departments of forensic medicine, and medical law of medical universities. The regulations and standards for all types of forensic examinations were fully updated in line with the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Forensic Science Act.В статье проанализированы и систематизированы материалы по становлению и развитию судебной медицины в Узбекистане. Отмечено, что до 60—70-х годов XIX столетия в Туркестане и, в частности, в Узбекистане не проводилось самостоятельных судебно-медицинских исследований. Становление научной судебной медицины началось со времени создания Узбекского национального университета (1918 г.), в составе которого был организован медицинский факультет, на котором стали преподавать судебную медицину. В 1940—1950 гг. в региональных центрах Узбекистана начали создаваться бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы (СМЭ). Сегодня службу СМЭ представляют Республиканский научно-практический центр СМЭ с региональными филиалами Каракалпакстана, областей и кафедры судебной медицины и медицинского права медицинских вузов. В соответствии с Конституцией Республики Узбекистан и Законом «О судебной экспертизе» полностью обновлены нормативно-правовые документы и стандарты всех видов судебно-медицинских исследований.

This paper applies an interdisciplinary approach for proper names analysis using linguistic, folklore and culture data. Proper names (personal and geographical) reveal lingual and cultural information adding specific meaning to mythological and folklore texts. This statement is illustrated by examples of different peoples: Anglo-Saxons, Siberian and American natives. Common features of proper names will be explained by their universal function.