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E-learning research is a dynamic and ever-expanding interdisciplinary field. Research in this area is often conducted at the intersection of social science, cognitive science, learning sciences, as well as engineering and computer science. Common concerns in the field include ambiguity and confusion toward how best to approach methodological design as well as tensions around whether the field is coherent or fragmented. E-learning research has been characterized as a multi-paradigmatic knowledge field with distinct theoretical foundations and a horizontal knowledge structure composed of “specialist” languages. There has been a remarkable increase in systematic literature reviews in the field, representing a burgeoning research industry. Although there is a clear division between technical and social scientific approaches, there is a scarcity of literature which attempts to synthesize the evidence on how e-learning research is conducted across disciplines and within distinctive research communities from a multi-paradigmatic perspective. The objective of the current study is to systematically map research done in the field of e-learning in higher education at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) within the frame of an institutional analysis. The aim is to identify key features and distinctive approaches to research across disciplines in this area from a multi-paradigmatic perspective. A systematic mapping review has been conducted, synthesizing research published between 2015-2020 by authors affiliated with the UOC. The study identified 291 articles, the majority of which use quantitative approaches following both design-based research methods as well as design and development research aims across three distinct research areas (a) educational research, (b) discipline-based education research and (c) learning engineering research. Fragmentation was identified across distinct research areas and communities of practice, particularly between research aims and the methods used to achieve these aims. By empirically examining the claims about methodological capacity and coherence in e-learning research, recommendations are offered for reorienting the field by: (a) increasing interdisciplinary collaboration through integrated research agendas; (b) supporting the expanding profession of the ‘learning engineer’; and (c) promoting methodological capacity, clarity and innovation.

The prevalence of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among adolescents in low and middle-income countries leads us to believe that sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information needs ...

Videos created with the hands of teachers filmed have been perceived as useful educational resource for students of Physics in undergraduate courses. In previous works, we analyzed the students’ perception about educational videos by asking them about their experiences. In this work, we analyze the same facts, but from a learning analytics perspective, by analyzing the interactions that students have with the videos during their learning experience. With this analysis, we obtain how students behave and may compare whether their behavior aligns with the perceptions obtained from previous research. The data analyzed in this work corresponds to the students’ interactions with educational videos during 5 semesters in two different courses of Physics within online degrees of Telecommunication and Computer Science. It has been found that the topic taught in the videos has influence in the way videos are used by the students. Regarding the type of content (theory or problem-solving), problem-solving videos are more used by students, although interactions with both videos are similar. This difference differs with previous results based on students’ perception. The contribution of the paper is to provide more ground and knowledge about the way the educational videos are consumed in Physics courses. The new knowledge can be used to improve the way videos are incorporated within courses and, therefore, to improve the student learning experiences.

Machine Learning is a very popular approach for indoor positioning. However, most of models rely on a set of hyperparameters, which need to be properly set. When the number of hyperparameters is large, exploring all the combinations of values (what is known as brute force) can be computationally prohibitive, especially in those cases where the training or operational time is high, such as in the kNN algorithm in fingerprint-based indoor positioning. This paper introduces {N}-Tuple Bandit Evolutionary Algorithm (N-TBEA) to find the hyperparameters in this last case. N-TBEA is an efficient exploration technique which evaluates the feasibility of similar combinations of parameters. The results show that N-TBEA can provide a solution with an accuracy similar to the best combination of parameters retrieved using brute force, which shows the potential of N-TBEA to be used in other advanced machine learning models., This work has been partially funded by the following projects: RTI2018-095168-B-C53; H2020-MSCA-IF 101023072; CYTED Network GeoLibero

Currently there is no standard indoor positioning system, similar to outdoor GPS. However, WiFi signals have been used in a large number of proposals to achieve the above positioning, many of which use machine learning to do so. But what are the most commonly used techniques in machine learning? What accuracy do they achieve? Where have they been tested? This article presents a systematic review of works between 2019 and 2021 that use WiFi as the signal for positioning and machine learning models to estimate indoor position. 64 papers have been identified as relevant, which have been systematically analyzed for a better understanding of the current situation in different aspects. The results show that indoor positioning based on WiFi trends use neural network-based models, evaluated in empirical experiments. Despite this, many works still conduct an assessment in small areas, which can influence the goodness of the results presented., to appear in 2021 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 29 Nov. - 2 Dec. 2021, Lloret de Mar, Spain

Digital videos have an important and increasing presence in student learning. They play a key role especially in subjects with high mathematical content, such as physics. However, creating videos is a time-consuming activity for teachers, who are usually not experts in video creation. Therefore, it is important to know which kinds of videos are perceived as more useful by students and why. In this paper we analyze students&rsquo, perception of videos in an introductory physics course of engineering with over 200 first year students in a 100% online university, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC). Students had 142 videos available of several types. We followed a qualitative methodology from a ground theory perspective and performed semi-structured interviews. Results show that students found videos as the most valued resource, although they considered that videos cannot substitute text documents. Students valued human elements and found them in videos where the hands of the professor appear. Finally, students consumed videos according to the course schedule, visualized the whole video the first time, and consumed it later according to further deliveries and exams. The main contributions of this paper were analyzing the perception of students from a qualitative perspective in an introductory course of physics in engineering, obtaining the main elements that make videos useful for students and showing that videos with hands are valued by students.

BACKGROUND Advances in the development of information and communication technologies have facilitated social and sexual interrelationships, thanks to the websites and apps created to this end. However, these resources can also encourage sexual contacts without appropriate preventive measures in relation to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). How can users be helped to benefit from the advantages of these apps while keeping in mind those preventive measures? OBJECTIVE This study aimed to prevent STIs by helping users to remember preventive measures in the risky situations. METHODS We have used the design and creation methodology and have developed a software system. This system has two parts: an Android operating system app with emphasis on ubiquitous computing and gamification as well as a server with a webpage. First, a functional test with 5 men who have sex with men (MSM) allowed us to test the app with end users. In addition, a feasibility test with 4 MSM for a month allowed us to try the UBESAFE system with all its functionalities. RESULTS The main output is a system called UBESAFE that is addressed to MSM. The system has two main parts: (1) an app that sends preventive contextualized messages to users when they use a contact app or when they are near a point where sexual contacts are likely and (2) a server part that was managed by the public health agency of Barcelona (ASPB), which preserves the quality and pertinence of messages and places and offers instant help to users. To increase users’ adherence, UBESAFE uses a gamified system to engage users in the creation of preventive messages. Users increased the initial pool of messages by more than 100% (34/30) and created more than 56% (9/16) of places (named hot zones). CONCLUSIONS The system helped MSM who used it to become conscious about HIV and other STIs. The system also helped the ASPB to stay in contact with MSM and to detect behaviors that could benefit from preventive measures. All functions were performed in a nonintrusive manner because users used the app privately. Furthermore, the system has shown how important it is to make users a part of the creation process as well as to develop apps that work by themselves and thus become useful to the users.

The symposium “Challenges of Fingerprinting in Indoor Positioning and Navigation” took place at Barcelona (Spain) on May 3rd and 4th, 2016. The audience comprised academic, scientists, engineers, company representatives, and institutional members. The program offered reports on the state of the art for indoor positioning based on fingerprinting, as well as discussions of challenges of the technology for the near future. Discussions gave potential users of indoor positioning technology the opportunity to expose real indoor location problems that need to be solved. This chapter gives a summary of the topics dealt in the symposium and constitutes a brief introduction to the chapters that appear in the entire book.

Background Advances in the development of information and communication technologies have facilitated social and sexual interrelationships, thanks to the websites and apps created to this end. However, these resources can also encourage sexual contacts without appropriate preventive measures in relation to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). How can users be helped to benefit from the advantages of these apps while keeping in mind those preventive measures? Objective This study aimed to prevent STIs by helping users to remember preventive measures in the risky situations. Methods We have used the design and creation methodology and have developed a software system. This system has two parts: an Android operating system app with emphasis on ubiquitous computing and gamification as well as a server with a webpage. First, a functional test with 5 men who have sex with men (MSM) allowed us to test the app with end users. In addition, a feasibility test with 4 MSM for a month allowed us to try the UBESAFE system with all its functionalities. Results The main output is a system called UBESAFE that is addressed to MSM. The system has two main parts: (1) an app that sends preventive contextualized messages to users when they use a contact app or when they are near a point where sexual contacts are likely and (2) a server part that was managed by the public health agency of Barcelona (ASPB), which preserves the quality and pertinence of messages and places and offers instant help to users. To increase users’ adherence, UBESAFE uses a gamified system to engage users in the creation of preventive messages. Users increased the initial pool of messages by more than 100% (34/30) and created more than 56% (9/16) of places (named hot zones). Conclusions The system helped MSM who used it to become conscious about HIV and other STIs. The system also helped the ASPB to stay in contact with MSM and to detect behaviors that could benefit from preventive measures. All functions were performed in a nonintrusive manner because users used the app privately. Furthermore, the system has shown how important it is to make users a part of the creation process as well as to develop apps that work by themselves and thus become useful to the users.

Chronic pain is a very common problem worldwide and helping people coping with it is fundamental for improving their quality of life. Since smartphones are available anywhere and anytime for all users, the present work proposes the development of an App that helps users to change their mood when facing low back and cervical pain. The App will drive the user thorough several screens that will help him or her to challenge their negative thoughts for more positive ones. This process will be driven thorough some messages and questions proposed by reserachers with expertise on health and pain management, but also thorough messages and questions proposed by users themselves. The main contributions of this work are: 1) using an App to face pain thorugh a process of cognitive restructuring; and 2) sending messages and questions based on the context of the user, by taking into account his or her previous answers, the environment and time of the day.

The development of indoor positioning solutions using smartphones is a growing activity with an enormous potential for everyday life and professional applications. The research activities on this topic concentrate on the development of new positioning solutions that are tested in specific environments under their own evaluation metrics. To explore the real positioning quality of smartphone-based solutions and their capabilities for seamlessly adapting to different scenarios, it is needed to find fair evaluation frameworks. The design of competitions using extensive pre-recorded datasets is a valid way to generate open data for comparing the different solutions created by research teams. In this paper, we discuss the details of the 2017 IPIN indoor localization competition, the different datasets created, the teams participating in the event, and the results they obtained. We compare these results with other competition-based approaches (Microsoft and Perf-loc) and on-line evaluation web sites. The lessons learned by organising these competitions and the benefits for the community are addressed along the paper. Our analysis paves the way for future developments on the standardization of evaluations and for creating a widely-adopted benchmark strategy for researchers and companies in the field., We would like to thank Topcon Corporation for sponsoring the competition track with an award for the winning team. We are also grateful to Francesco Potorti, Sangjoon Park, Hideo Makino, Nobuo Kawaguchi, Takeshi Kurata and Jesus Urena for their invaluable help in organizing and promoting the IPIN competition and conference. Many thanks to Raul Montoliu, Emilio Sansano, Marina Granel and Luis Alisandra for collecting the databases in the UJITI building. Parts of this work were carried out with the financial support received from projects and grants: REPNIN network (TEC2015-71426-REDT), LORIS (TIN2012-38080-C04-04), TARSIUS (TIN2015-71564-C4-2-R (MINECO/FEDER)), SmartLoc (CSIC-PIE Ref. 201450E011), "Metodologias avanzadas para el diseno, desarrollo, evaluacion e integracion de algoritmos de localizacion en interiores" (TIN2015-70202-P), GEO-C (Project ID: 642332, H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014-Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action: Innovative Training Networks), and financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (106-3114-E-007-005 and 105-2221-E-155-013-MY3). The HFTS team has been supported in the frame of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research programme "FHprofUnt2013" under contract 03FH035PB3 (Project SPIRIT). The UMinho team has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013. G.M. Mendoza-Silva gratefully acknowledges funding from grant PREDOC/2016/55 by Universitat Jaume I., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Ponencia presentada en 2018 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 24-27 Sept. 2018 This paper presents a study of indoor positioning in public zones of the Parc Taulí Hospital in Sabadell. It is a challenging scenario because: (1) it combines wide spaces with middle sized and narrow spaces; (2) it is a shielded zone where no signals are available, and therefore, no WiFi signal can be used for positioning; and (3) it is not possible to deploy beacons for positioning. The goal of this work is to test whether it is possible to get indoor positioning in a real and challenging scenario by using only the magnetic field. The positioning precision requires to locate the part of the hospital where the user is. The proposed solution defines “virtual corridors” to improve positioning in wide areas. To validate the work, magnetic field data have been recorded from the scenario, using different smartphones and by different persons. The obtained magnetic data curves have been compared by using dynamic time warping distance. Results show that it is possible to characterize every path with the magnetic field. The main contributions of the present paper are: (1) defining “virtual corridors” as a way to position using magnetic field in 2D spaces; and (2) showing that even in wide spaces, like the hall of a hospital, it is possible to find magnetic anomalies linked to positions.

IntroductioneHealth is a new approach for managing several health conditions, but up to now not so many interventions have shown their efficacy/effectiveness. The AUTAPP Project tries to add knowledge in eHealth interventions targeted to Mental Health disorders, specifically Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) management that requires complex interventions that integrate different psychosocial interventions. AUTAPP aims to develop an evidence based Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) using mobile technology for improving the decision process on psychosocial therapies in ASD. This study aimed to identify recommendations on which the algorithm of the CDSS will be developed.MethodsA systematic review (November 2009-November 2018) was carried out to identify the existing scientific evidence published in relation to the effectiveness of: (i) early detection protocols; (ii) assessment tools; (iii) existing non-pharmacological therapies. Main databases were consulted (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsychoInfo). Articles were reviewed by two independent reviewers. The quality of included publications and recommendations were assessed according to SIGN criteria.ResultsA total number of 147 publications were included (477 identified): 96 for non-pharmacological therapies, 33 for assessment tools and eighteen for early detection. Regarding early detection and assessment, 12 recommendations were identified and six obtained the highest level (A), such as the convenience of multidisciplinary diagnosis teams and the usefulness of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) for ASD confirmation. For non-pharmacological therapies, 16 recommendations were collected. Those with higher levels of recommendations were family, environmental and educational (three As and one B). Interventions with lower levels of recommendation (C) were interventions which exercise, computers and neurological approaches.ConclusionsThis systematic review allows both to identify gaps and opportunities in psychosocial interventions research and be the base for the CDSS algorithm. In the future professionals, careers and people diagnosed with ASD will validate the mobile CDSS.

Introduction: Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) requires complex and integrated interventions, usually tailored for each individual due to the wide variety of symptoms that people diagnosed with ASD present. Some of these interventions could be a combination of psychosocial interventions addressed to the management of emotions, the improvement of social and communicative skills and/or the increase of the autonomy. In this scenario, professionals, families and patients face two main difficulties when they have to choose the best option/s for treatment: a) the lack of evidence on the effectiveness and efficacy of these interventions and the difficulty to access to it; and b) the lack of tools for supporting the decision making process neither for professionals nor for careers/patients. The objective of AUTAPP is to develop an evidence based personalised Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) using a mobile technology tool (app) to improve the decision process specifically for psychosocial therapies for the management of ASD. Methods: AUTAPP is based on two stages: 1- Review and synthesis of the scientific evidence for the effectiveness and efficacy of psychosocial interventions in the management of ASD. Main databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsychoInfo, EMBASE) will be consulted and the quality of the chosen publications will be assessed following SING criteria. Two independent reviewers will review articles and relevant information will be synthesized in evidence tables. The algorithm of decision-making will be developed based on these tables. 2- Design, development and validation of the CDSS. The decision-making algorithm will be implemented in a mobile platform. Professionals, careers and people diagnosed with ASD will validate the app to obtain the final version ensuring its face-validity and feasibility. Results: The first phase is currently in progress (we started in January 2018) and will be finalised in December. Thus in April 2019 the results of the systematic review and the first prototype of the CDSS will be available. We expect this review to enrich information respect previous that reported scarce evidence on psychosocial interventions (1). Discussions: Quality of the published research on psychosocial interventions in ASD will determine the reach of the mobile CDSS. Conclusions: Mobile technology could both facilitate the decision making process when therapeutical approach is complex and requires integration such as in ASD; and enhance the empowerment of ASD people. Lessons learned: Based on similar projects developed by the team: - professionals could base their clinical recommendations on real evidence and propose the most personalised interventions - this kind of tools facilitate patient/careers empowerment Limitations: - lack of scientific evidence published, publications of low quality and publication bias - lack of motivation for professionals to use the CDSS or usefulness of the CDSS in the clinical practice Suggestions for future research: - systematic review will allow to identify gaps in psychosocial interventions research - this approach could be implemented in other chronic diseases Reference: 1- Guillamon I, Rajmil L, Espallargues M. Trastorn de l’espectre autista: coneixement cientific sobre la deteccio, el diagnostic i el tractament. Barcelona: AQuAS. Servei Catala de la Salut. Departament Salut. Generalitat Catalunya; 2010.

The research presented in this paper is focused on In-home positioning systems. These indoor environments are characterized by a reduced number of AP, narrow spaces and very important radio signal attenuation. Existing indoor techniques seems to be not totally suitable for these scenarios; this paper proposes an add-on for helping these techniques by the use of wearable ultrasound sensors (distance measurements).

For outdoors, Global Network Navigation Systems have become the standard mechanism of positioning; but for indoor environments, there is still no standard system. Several mechanisms have been proposed and, among them, some of the more extended are those that use Wi-Fi signal for positioning, and mainly, those known as Wi-Fi fingerprinting. However, actual Wi-Fi mechanisms depends on environmental conditions: instability of Wi-Fi, differences in sensors of Smartphones, etc. One of these uncontrolled effects is the interaction between RF and human bodies. Human bodies interact with Wi-Fi radiation and, therefore, affects the signal received.

Background: Advances in the development of information and communication technologies have facilitated social interrelationships, but also sexual contacts without appropriate preventive measures. In this paper, we will focus on situations in which people use applications to meet sexual partners nearby, which could increase their chance of exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STI). How can we encourage users to adopt preventive measures without violating their privacy or infringing on the character of the application? Methods: To achieve the goal of preventing STI, we have used the design and creation methodology and have developed a prototype software package. This prototype follows the RESTful services principles and has two parts: an Android OS application with emphasis on ubiquitous computing and designed according to General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns (GRASP), and a server with a web page. To choose the preventive messages, we performed a test in 17 men who have sex with men (MSM). Results: Our software sends preventive notifications to users when it detects situations such as the activation of particular applications on their smartphones, or their proximity to areas with a high probability of intercourse (hot zones). The underlying idea is the same as that for warning messages on cigarette packets, since users read the message just when they are going to smoke. The messages used have been selected from a list that has been rated by the users themselves. The most popular message is "Enjoy sex and enjoy life. Do not expose yourself to HIV". The user is unaware of the software, which runs in the background. Conclusions: Ubiquitous computing may be useful for alerting users with preventive and educational messages. The proposed application is non-intrusive because: 1) the users themselves decide to install it and, therefore, users' privacy rights are preserved; 2) it sends a message that helps users think about taking appropriate preventive measures; and 3) it works in the background without interfering with users unless a trigger situation is detected. Thus, this type of application could become an important tool in the complex task of STI prevention.

Excessive weight and obesity are worldwide problems that are related to a variety of health issues. Several methods have been utilized recently to educate people and communities about topics related to nutrition behaviors. How can we develop educational mechanisms for healthy behaviors, focusing on a target group and their context? To reply to this question we developed a ubiquitous software called Ubinut, with the objective of sending messages through mobile devices. The software sends messages supervised by a nutritionist. These messages are related with specific contexts. To test the software we conducted a feasibility test with 40 random university students. During the trial period we received nearly 700 evaluations of the messages. With our first findings we developed a second version of the software including geofencing, called Geonut. The main contribution of this work is the launching of healthy messages when the users are more likely to make poor nutritional decisions.

In this paper we present a method for obtaining the quasiband structure and the renormalized density of quasistates of strongly correlated systems with antiferromagnetic ordering. We calculate the electronic structure of La 2 CuO 4 in order to test this method. The first step required is to calculate the electronic structure from the local density approximation (LDA) in order to obtain the initial non-interacting ground state. The LDA density of states in strongly correlated systems usually presents serious discrepancies with experimental results. As is well known, these discrepancies, fundamentally concerning photoemission, are due to the fact that the dynamic correlation effects are not taken into account within the LDA. In order to include these effects, we obtain a self-energy potential which allows the initial LDA electronic structure to connect with that of the antiferromagnetic ground state arising from a Bogolyubov-like transformation. Within this new ground state, we determine an antiferromagnetic self-energy by means of a spin density wave procedure, and the interacting Green function yields a density of states which is in reasonable agreement with the experimental photoemission result.

The electronic structure of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}$ according to experimental spectroscopic data presents strong correlation in the electrons at energies close to ${E}_{F}.$ We investigate this point by analyzing the electronic structure calculated from several complementary procedures. The first of these is performed by means of the local density approximation (LDA). In a second calculation we develop an $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ calculation and finally, we include the self-energy effects obtained from a multiband Hubbard model. Our results for the first calculation are similar to those previously performed within the LDA, and these results are used for obtaining the self-energy effects included in the second calculation. The inclusion of these effects yields an electronic structure that seems to be in reasonable agreement with spectroscopic experimental data.

Several applications that support users when doing tourism have appeared during the last years. These applications, though popular, have not become a reliable and dependable tourist assistant because they offer little personalization, which eventually may overwhelm users with too much information. An effective mobile application should store tourist information in a way that facilitates the identification of relevant points of interest to the user and the relevant information about them. The relevance of information depends also on the context. This paper presents an ontology that can store information about points of interest (POI), preferences and habits of users and time information. The presented ontology is aligned with the ontology Linked Geo Data to facilitate the importation of data to and from it. The ontology has been integrated into a mobile application called Itiner@ to create custom routes for each user based on his/her preferences, personal situation, means of transport, area to visit, date and duration of the visit. The main contribution of this work is to identify the relevant information to mobile touristic applications and to show how to use an ontology to improve the functionalities of geographic information system through the use of semantic information.

With the advent of GPS and the spread of smart phones (iPhone, Android, etc.) have proliferated applications dealing with geographic information. Many of these applications are beginning to provide semantic information through: 1) the classification of tourist attractions in categories (thesauri tourism categories Open Street Map, etc.), and 2) the representation of metadata (Linked Geo Data, Crossing, etc.). However, mobile devices do not still uses all this potential. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the main formalisms to include Semantic and Geographic Data within a mobile device, and how to get them work efficiently just in the mobile, without internet connection. The article presents several options to implement these technologies and, for every option shows the limitations of such implementation. Therefore provides a glimpse into the various options available to implement semantic geographic applications on mobile devices. To mark the goal, the study shows a case study where ontologies have been used to provide semantics to a travel assistant that runs on mobile devices. The goal is an application able to offer personalized touristic routes different for every single user, that take into account, for example, the user interests and time available, and all the processes must be run within the mobile device. The main contribution of the paper is to manage and combine semantic data and geographic information within a mobile device, and doing it without internet connection, and for an end-user application.

The use of mathematical formulae in engineering studies is as important as the subject content itself, especially in online distance education. In engineering studies, which have a strong technical component, both students and teachers must use formulae to express and solve their doubts, prove their knowledge or even quote any given piece of support material. In addition, in online distance education, communicating mathematics is not as easy as writing on a piece of paper or on a blackboard. As well as mastering the language of mathematics to express them properly, which is a problem that also exists in on-site environments, there is the problem of writing mathematics mainly through text e-mails, which is the main way to communicate within an on-line environment. The data gathered for this research at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) involves 4 terms, 15 engineering-related subjects and more than 17,000 e-mails. Among this large volume of emails, the use of mathematical notation is present in over 4,000 of them, representing an average of 23% of the total. As this preliminary result is quite significant, the aim of this chapter is to analyse the use of all the different strategies for communicating ideas with a mathematical content through the Internet and studying the impact for each one of them in order to find usage patterns.

Background Health professionals and authorities strive to cope with heterogeneous data, services, and statistical models to support decision making on public health. Sophisticated analysis and distributed processing capabilities over geocoded epidemiological data are seen as driving factors to speed up control and decision making in these health risk situations. In this context, recent Web technologies and standards-based web services deployed on geospatial information infrastructures have rapidly become an efficient way to access, share, process, and visualize geocoded health-related information. Methods Data used on this study is based on Tuberculosis (TB) cases registered in Barcelona city during 2009. Residential addresses are geocoded and loaded into a spatial database that acts as a backend database. The web-based application architecture and geoprocessing web services are designed according to the Representational State Transfer (REST) principles. These web processing services produce spatial density maps against the backend database. Results The results are focused on the use of the proposed web-based application to the analysis of TB cases in Barcelona. The application produces spatial density maps to ease the monitoring and decision making process by health professionals. We also include a discussion of how spatial density maps may be useful for health practitioners in such contexts. Conclusions In this paper, we developed web-based client application and a set of geoprocessing web services to support specific health-spatial requirements. Spatial density maps of TB incidence were generated to help health professionals in analysis and decision-making tasks. The combined use of geographic information tools, map viewers, and geoprocessing services leads to interesting possibilities in handling health data in a spatial manner. In particular, the use of spatial density maps has been effective to identify the most affected areas and its spatial impact. This study is an attempt to demonstrate how web processing services together with web-based mapping capabilities suit the needs of health practitioners in epidemiological analysis scenarios.

Communication is a key issue in the student learning process. In mathematics education, it is essential to overcome specific difficulties such as the learning of abstract concepts and its language of expression and communication; mathematical notation. At the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), students face the challenge in a somewhat "handicapped" way, since this is an online learning environment involving asynchronous communication. One of the problems students have to handle is that individual work, based on a set of well-organized learning resources, is physically separated from the "dialogue space" where they interact with fellow students and tutors. This separation makes it difficult to ask questions about some topics in the study material. Being aware of this situation, a web annotation tool called UOCLET has been designed and developed by the UOC. This tool, conceived for a pedagogical framework, enables students to highlight the text, add comments and share them. This communication tool has been incorporated in a mathematics course for online pre-engineering students during 2 semesters. This experience shows that it is difficult to introduce a new technology, as well as a new methodology, in a traditional learning process.

With regard the Hubbard Hamiltonian, we use a Bogolyubov transformation and within a spin density wave mean field, where the antiferromagnetic correlations of wave vector Q =( π /a, π /a) are included. This gives a new energy spectrum that is calculated starting from the band structure of La2CuO4 determined in the local density formalism. We calculate the self-energy in this new ground state using the random phase approximation and a double Lorentzian as a non-interacting density of states. With this self-energy, Dyson's equation is solved by diagonalizing the Green's function in k-space. The density of states is obtained by considering the renormalization factor and the lifetimes of the quasiparticle states in each pole. This leads to the splitting of the input density of states that is calculated in the local density formalism.

In the context of engineering studies, Virtual Laboratories (VL) are one of the most mentioned learning tools. However, opinions on what different authors consider a virtual laboratory lead us to very disparate interpretations, with the consequent lack of consensus. In this work we focus on VL applied to e-learning in technical studies. The state-of-the-art concerning these laboratories is reviewed in order to find the goals that a VL has to achieve and the requirements that it has to accomplish and it is proposed a 6 steps process to design and implement a VL. Finally, a definition of VL is proposed and it is analysed to what extent current VL satisfy this definition and all the suggested requirements.

A quasiparticle structure calculation for Sr 2 RuO 4 is performed. Starting from the band structure determined in the local density formalism, the Dyson's equation with self-energies arising from the Hubbard Hamiltonian, is solved by diagonalizing the Green's function in k -space. The density of states is obtained by considering the renormalization factor and the lifetimes of the quasiparticle states. We also obtain the Fermi surface without and with the inclusion of the strong correlations effects.

The non-copper layered perovskite, Sr 2 RuO 4 , is expected to be a very useful reference material for interpreting experiments on the high T c cuprate superconductors. A band structure calculation for Sr 2 RuO 4 is performed. Starting from the electronic structure determined in the local density formalism, the Dyson's equation with self-energies arising from the Hubbard hamiltonian is solved by diagonalizing the Green's function in k -space. The density of states is obtained by considering the renormalization factor and the life-times of the quasiparticle states in each pole of the interacting system. This leads to modification of the density of states calculated in the local density formalism, and the results fit experimental data not only in the position of peaks, but also in their intensity and in the number of states at Fermi level.

We are interested in the description of the Mott-Hubbard transition from a perturbation theory arising from a two-dimensional Hubbard model. We calculate the self-energy within the random phase approximation and a double-Lorentzian as a non-interacting density of states. The paramagnetic ground state is unstable for realistic values of U, since the self-energy presents some inconsistencies ; one of them is that its imaginary part presents more than one zero, which is a violation of the Luttinger theorem. We use a Bogolyubov transformation and within a spin density wave mean field, the antiferromagnetic correlations of wave vector Q = (π/a,π/a) are included. We recalculate the self-energy in the new ground state and then it is able to describe the Mott-Hubbard transition, and the Luttinger theorem is satisfied.

With the adoption of indoor positioning solutions, which enable for a variety of location-based spatial services, a number of indoor map standards and formats have been proposed in the last decade. As each of these indoor map standard has its own purpose, the strengths and weaknesses are necessary to be understood and analyzed before selecting one of them for a given application. The Indoor Map Subcommittee has been established under IPIN/ISC in 2017. Among others, the goal of this working group is to compare available indoor map standards, provide a guideline for their application and advise on changes to their standardization development organizations if necessary. In this paper we present a survey of indoor map standards as an achievement of the subcommittee. The scope of the survey covers official standards such as IFC of BuildingSmart, IndoorGML and CityGML of OGC, and Indoor OpenStreetMap. We present several use-cases to show and discuss how to build indoor maps., The work of K.-J. Li was supported by a grant (19NSIP-B135746-03) from National Spatial Information Research Program (NSIP) funded by MOLIT of Korean government. The work of C. Laoudias has been supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 739551 (KIOS CoE) and from the Republic of Cyprus through the Directorate General for European Programmes, Coordination and Development. Torres-Sospedra and Perez-Navarro want to thank the Spanish network of excellence, REPNIN+,TEC2017-90808-REDT. The work of A. Moreira has been supported by FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019.

We obtain and discuss the self-energy and the renormalized electronic structure of the normal state in strongly correlated electron systems within the pseudogap regime. The considered effective potentials are found from spin fluctuations within a Hubbard single band model. We find that the self-energy tends to violate the Luttinger theorem as the bandwidths are narrowed and also as the Hubbard U increases. This is an indication that a new fundamental state should be used to describe the system under these conditions. We have used an antiferromagnetic fundamental state and found that in this case the new self-energy does satisfy the Luttinger theorem.

An approximated diagonalization of the Kondo lattice Hamiltonian is obtained considering an ansatz based on strongly correlated many body states which are combinations of charged fermionic excitations coupled to a kind of spin wave. For determined values of the density of states of the non-interacting system and Kondo Hamiltonian parameter, there is an interval of the J parameter in which a new and interesting ground state appears.