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(1) Background: The microbiota-host cross-talk has been previously investigated, while its role in health is not yet clear. This study aimed to unravel the network of microbial-host interactions and correlate it with cardiometabolic risk factors. (2) Methods: A total of 47 adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the METADIET study were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Microbiota composition (151 genera) was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing, fecal (m = 203) and plasma (m = 373) metabolites were profiled. An unsupervised sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis was used to construct a network of microbiota-metabolite interactions. A multi-omics score was derived for each cluster of the network and associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. (3) Results: Five multi-omics clusters were identified. Thirty-one fecal metabolites formed these clusters and were correlated with plasma sphingomyelins, lysophospholipids and medium to long-chain acylcarnitines. Seven genera from Ruminococcaceae and a member from the Desulfovibrionaceae family were correlated with fecal and plasma metabolites. Positive correlations were found between the multi-omics scores from two clusters with cholesterol and triglycerides levels. (4) Conclusions: We identified a correlated network between specific microbial genera and fecal/plasma metabolites in an adult population with metabolic syndrome, suggesting an interplay between gut microbiota and host lipid metabolism on cardiometabolic health.

Background The prevalence of overweight/obesity and related manifestations such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide. High energy density diets, usually with low nutrient density, are among the main causes. Some high-quality dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the prevention and better control of MetS. However, it is needed to show that nutritional interventions promoting the MedDiet are able to improve nutrient intake. Objective To assess the effect of improving MedDiet adherence on nutrient density after 1 year of follow-up at the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Methods We assessed 5777 men (55-75 years) and women (60-75 years) with overweight or obesity and MetS at baseline from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Dietary changes and MedDiet adherence were evaluated at baseline and after 1 year. The primary outcome was the change in nutrient density (measured as nutrient intake per 1000 kcal). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to analyse longitudinal changes in adherence to the MedDiet and concurrent changes in nutrient density. Results During 1-year follow-up, participants showed improvements in nutrient density for all micronutrients assessed. The density of carbohydrates (- 9.0%), saturated fatty acids (- 10.4%) and total energy intake (- 6.3%) decreased. These changes were more pronounced in the subset of participants with higher improvements in MedDiet adherence. Conclusions The PREDIMED-Plus dietary intervention, based on MedDiet recommendations for older adults, maybe a feasible strategy to improve nutrient density in Spanish population at high risk of cardiovascular disease with overweight or obesity.

The PREDIMEDPlus trial was supported by the Spanish government's official funding agency for biomedical research, ISCIII, through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS) and cofunded by European Union ERDF/ESF, "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future" (five coordinated FIS projects led by JS-S and JVid, including the following: PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/01374, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI17/00764, PI17/01827, PI17/01441, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, and PI19/00781) , the Special Action Project entitled: Implementacion y evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to JSS, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018, 340918) to MAMG, the Recercaixa Grant to JS-S (2013ACUP00194) , a grant from the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2017/017) , a SEMER-GEN grant, and funds from the European Regional Development Fund (CB06/03) . Study resulting from the SLT006/17/00246 grant, funded by the Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya by the call "Accio instrumental de programes de recerca orientats en l'ambit de la recerca i la innovacio en salut". We thank the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This publication has been possible with the support of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICINN) (FPU 17/01925) . Jordi SalasSalvado, senior author of this study, is partially supported by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. IP-G receives a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (FPU 17/01925) . Dr. NB-T is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship (Juan de la Cierva-Formacion, FJC2018-036016-I) . I.M GimenezAlba received an FPU grant from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (reference FPU 18/01703) . C.B. received a Fernando Tarongi Bauza PhD Grant., Background & aims: The association between drinking water consumption and adiposity has been poorly explored. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the associations between the frequency of drinking water consumption and body weight and waist circumference changes in an elderly Mediterranean cohort. Methods: A total of 1832 elderly participants (aged 55e75 years) with metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus study with baseline data on drinking water and other beverages assessed by a validated 32-item Spanish fluid-intake questionnaire and with data on body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) at 1-year and 2-year were included in these prospective analyses. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to assess the b-coefficients and 95% confidence interval (CI) for BWand WC changes in terms of categories of baseline drinking water consumption (tap water and bottled water). The theoretical effect on BWand WC of replacing several beverages with drinking water was assessed using mathematical models. Results: The baseline frequency of drinking water consumptionwas inversely associated with 1-year and 2- year changes in BW. b-coefficients (95%CI) across categories ofwater consumption (, Spanish Government European Commission, European Union ERDF/ESF, "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future" PI13/00272 PI13/01123 PI13/00462 PI13/00233 PI13/00728 PI14/01722 PI14/00636 PI14/01206 PI14/01919 PI14/01374 PI16/01873 PI16/01094 PI16/00501 PI16/00533 PI16/00366, Special Action Project entitled: Implementacion y evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant, European Research Council (ERC), European Commission 340918, Recercaixa Grant 2013ACUP00194, Generalitat Valenciana European Commission PROMETEO/2017/017, SEMER-GEN grant European Commission CB06/03, Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya SLT006/17/00246, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICINN) FPU 17/01925, ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme, Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports FPU 17/01925, Juan de la Cierva-Formacion FJC2018-036016-I, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities FPU 18/01703, Fernando Tarongi Bauza PhD Grant, The European Union ERDF/ESF, "A way to make Europe"/"Investing in your future" PI17/00764 PI17/01827 PI17/01441 PI17/01732 PI17/00926 PI19/00309 PI19/01032 PI19/00576 PI19/00017 PI19/00781

Contains fulltext : 243970.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) SCOPE: To examine whether a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) compared to the consumption of nuts in the context of a habitual non-MedDiet exerts a greater beneficial effect on gut microbiota and fecal metabolites; thus, contributing to explain major benefits on cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty adults with Metabolic Syndrome are randomized to a controlled, crossover 2-months dietary-intervention trial with a 1-month wash-out period, following a MedDiet or consuming nuts (50 g day(-1) ). Microbiota composition is assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolites are measured using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-qTOF) platforms in a targeted metabolomics approach. Decreased glucose, insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is observed after the MedDiet compared to the nuts intervention. Relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 and an uncultured genera of Ruminococcaceae are significantly increased after the MedDiet compared to nuts supplementation. Changes in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 are inversely associated with insulin levels and HOMA-IR, while positively and negatively with changes in cholate and cadaverine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Following a MedDiet, rather than nuts, induces a significant increase in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 and improves the metabolic risk. This genera seems to affect the bile acid metabolism and cadaverine which may account for the improvement in insulin levels.

Summary Background & aims The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) may decrease the cardiometabolic risk through modulation of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the interplay between MedDiet, metabolites and microbial metabolism may improve our understanding on the metabolic effects of this diet. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the MedDiet compared to nuts supplementation on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health. We further examined whether changes in the metabolomic profiles were associated with changes in gut microbiota composition in a multi-omics integrative approach. Methods Forty-four adults with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), (aged 37–65) participated in a randomized controlled, crossover 2-months dietary-intervention trial with a 1-month wash-out period, consuming a MedDiet or a non MedDiet plus nuts (50 g/day). Nutritional data were collected at the beginning and the end of each intervention period using 3-day dietary records, as well as fasting blood and fecal samples. Plasma metabolites (m = 378) were profiled using targeted metabolomics. Associations of these metabolites with the interventions were assessed with elastic net regression analyses. Gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. A sparse least regression analysis combined with a canonical correlation analysis was conducted between the plasma selected metabolites and genera in order to identify the relevant dual-omics signatures discriminating the dietary interventions. Results Changes in 65 circulating metabolites were significantly associated with the MedDiet (mainly lipids, acylcarnitines, amino acids, steroids and TCA intermediates). Importantly, these changes were associated with decreases in glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. The network analysis identified two main clusters of genera with an opposite behaviour towards selected metabolites, mainly PC species, ChoE(20:5), TGs and medium/long-chain acylcarnitines. Conclusion Following a MedDiet, rather than consuming nuts in the context of a non-MedDiet was associated with a specific plasma metabolomic profile, which was also related to metabolic improvements in adults with MetS. The identified correlated network between specific bacteria and metabolites suggests interplay between diet, circulating metabolites and gut microbiota. The trial was registered in the ISRCTN with identifier ISRCTN88780852, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN88780852 .

Background: The optimal distribution between physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) for the greatest benefits for body composition among older adults with overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prospective association between changes in PA and in SB with concurrent changes in body composition and to examine whether reallocating inactive time into different physical activity levels was associated with 12-month change to body composition in older adults. Methods: Longitudinal assessment nested in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A subsample (n = 1564) of men and women (age 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from both arms of the PREDIMED-Plus trial was included in the present analysis. Participants were followed up at 6 and 12 months. Physical activity and SB were assessed using validated questionnaires. Out of 1564 participants, 388 wore an accelerometer to objectively measure inactive time and PA over a 7-day period. At each time point, participants' body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard covariate-adjusted and isotemporal substitution modelling were applied to linear mixed-effects models. Results: Increasing 30 min of total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with significant reductions in body fat (beta - 0.07% and - 0.08%) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (- 13.9 g, and - 15.6 g) at 12 months (all p values < 0.001). Reallocating 30 min of inactive time to MVPA was associated with reductions in body fat and VAT and with an increase in muscle mass and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (all p values < 0.001). Conclusions: At 12 months, increasing total PA and MVPA and reducing total SB and TV-viewing SB were associated with improved body composition in participants with overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This was also observed when substituting 30 min of inactive time with total PA, LPA and MVPA, with the greatest benefits observed with MVPA., The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official funding agency for biomedical research of the Spanish government, ISCIII through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi SalasSalvado and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926); the Especial Action Project entitled Implementacion y evaluacion de una intervencion intensiva sobre la actividad fisica Cohorte PREDIMED-Plus grant to Jordi Salas-Salvado; the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvado (2013ACUP00194); grants from the Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018); the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana; the Astra Zeneca Young Investigators Award in Category of Obesity and Diabetes 2017 to Dora Romaguera; the `FOLIUM' programme within the FUTURMed project from the Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Illes Balears (financed by 2017annual plan of the sustainable tourism tax and at 50% with charge to the ESF Operational Program 2014-2020 of the Balearic Islands) to Jadwiga Konieczna. JR17/00022 contract to Olga Castaner from ISCIII. CIBERobn (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Obesidad y Nutricion), CIBEResp (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Epidemiologia y Salud Publica) and CIBERdem (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Diabetes y Enfermedades). J. Salas-Salvado author gratefully acknowledges the financial support by ICREA under the ICREA Academia programme. None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data and in writing the manuscript or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Background:The optimal distribution between physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) for the greatest benefits for body composition among older adults with overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prospective association between changes in PA and in SB with concurrent changes in body composition. To examine whether reallocating inactive time into different physical activity levels was associated with 12-month change to body composition in older adults.Methods: A subsample (n=1564) of men and women (age: 55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from the PREDIMED-Plus trial was included in the present analysis. Participant’s were followed-up at 6- and 12-months. Physical Activity and SB were assessed using validated questionnaires. Out of 1564 participants, 388 wore an accelerometer to objectively measure inactive time and PA over a 7-day period. At each time point, participants body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard covariate-adjusted and isotemporal substitution modelling were applied to linear mixed-effects models.Results:Increasing 30 minute of total PA and MVPA were associated with significant reductions in body fat (β -0.07% and -0.08%) and VAT (-13.9g, and -15.6g) at 12-months (all p-values p-values Conclusions:At 12 months, increasing total PA and MVPA and reducing total and TV-viewing SB were associated with improved body composition in participants with overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This was also observed when reallocating 30 minute of inactive time by total PA, LPA and MVPA, with the greatest benefits observed for MVPA.Trial registration: The trial was registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870) with number 89898870 and registration date of 24 July 2014, retrospectively registered.

© 2020 by the authors., The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of physical activity (PA) and the degree of obesity with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who participated in the Predimed-Plus study. A total of 6875 subjects between 55 and 75 years of age with MetS were selected and randomized in 23 Spanish centers. Subjects were classified according to categories of body mass index (BMI). PA was measured with the validated Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) questionnaire and subjects were classified according to their PA level (light, moderate, vigorous) and the HRQoL was measured with the validated short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. By using the ANOVA model, we found a positive and statistically significant association between the level of PA and the HRQoL (aggregated physical and mental dimensions p < 0.001), but a negative association with higher BMI in aggregated physical dimensions p < 0.001. Furthermore, women obtained lower scores compared with men, more five points in all fields of SF-36. Therefore, it is essential to promote PA and body weight control from primary care consultations to improve HRQoL, paying special attention to the differences that sex incurs, The Predimed-Plus trial was supported by the Spanish government’s official funding agency for biomedical research, ISCIII, through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (three coordinated FIS projects led by Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/0147, PI14/00636, PI14/00972, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853, PI14/01374, PI16/00473, PI16/00662, PI16/01873, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI16/00533, PI16/00381, PI16/00366, PI16/01522, PI16/01120, PI17/00764, PI17/01183, PI17/00855, PI17/01347, PI17/00525, PI17/01827, PI17/00532, PI17/00215, PI17/01441, PI17/00508, PI17/01732, PI17/00926, PI19/00957, PI19/00386, PI19/00309, PI19/01032, PI19/00576, PI19/00017, PI19/01226, PI19/00781, PI19/01560, PI19/01,332), the Special Action Project entitled: Implementación y evaluación de una intervención intensiva sobre la actividad física Cohorte PREDIMED-PLUS grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó, the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013–2018; 340918) grant to Miguel Ángel Martínez-Gonzalez, the Recercaixa grant to Jordi Salas-Salvadó (2013ACUP00194), grants from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI0458/2013; PS0358/2016; PI0137/2018), the PROMETEO/2017/017 grant from the Generalitat Valenciana, the SEMERGEN grant and FEDER funds (CB06/03 and CB12/03), Olga Castaner is funded by the JR17/00,022 grant, ISCIII. Christopher Papandreou is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship granted by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia (PERIS 2016–2020 Incorporació de Científics i Tecnòlegs, SLT002/0016/00,428). María Rosa Bernal-Lopez was supported by “Miguel Servet Type I” program (CP15/00028) from the ISCIII-Madrid (Spain), cofinanced by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER, Ignacio M.Giménez-Alba is supported by a FPU predoctoral contract (reference FPU18/01703) from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain.

The prevalence of overweight/obesity and related manifestations such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide. High energy density diets, usually with low nutrient density, are among the main causes. Some high-quality dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the prevention and better control of MetS. However, it is needed to show that nutritional interventions promoting the MedDiet are able to improve nutrient intake.To assess the effect of improving MedDiet adherence on nutrient density after 1 year of follow-up at the PREDIMED-Plus trial.We assessed 5777 men (55-75 years) and women (60-75 years) with overweight or obesity and MetS at baseline from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Dietary changes and MedDiet adherence were evaluated at baseline and after 1 year. The primary outcome was the change in nutrient density (measured as nutrient intake per 1000 kcal). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to analyse longitudinal changes in adherence to the MedDiet and concurrent changes in nutrient density.During 1-year follow-up, participants showed improvements in nutrient density for all micronutrients assessed. The density of carbohydrates (- 9.0%), saturated fatty acids (- 10.4%) and total energy intake (- 6.3%) decreased. These changes were more pronounced in the subset of participants with higher improvements in MedDiet adherence.The PREDIMED-Plus dietary intervention, based on MedDiet recommendations for older adults, maybe a feasible strategy to improve nutrient density in Spanish population at high risk of cardiovascular disease with overweight or obesity.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Because it has been suggested that food rich in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) peptides have beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP) and other cardiovascular risk factors, we tested the effects of low-sodium bread, but rich in potassium, GABA, and ACEI peptides on 24-hour BP, glucose metabolism, and endothelial function. A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted in 30 patients with pre or mild-to-moderate hypertension, comparing three 4-week nutritional interventions separated by 2-week washout periods. Patients were randomly assigned to consume 120 g/day of 1 of the 3 types of bread for each nutritional intervention: conventional wheat bread (CB), low-sodium wheat bread enriched in potassium (LSB), and low-sodium wheat bread rich in potassium, GABA, and ACEI peptides (LSB + G). For each period, 24-hour BP measurements, in vivo endothelial function, and biochemical samples were obtained. After LSB + G consumption, 24-hour ambulatory BP underwent a nonsignificant greater reduction than after the consumption of CB and LSB (0.26 mm Hg in systolic BP and −0.63 mm Hg in diastolic BP for CB; −0.71 mm Hg in systolic BP and −1.08 mm Hg in diastolic BP for LSB; and −0.75 mm Hg in systolic BP and −2.12 mm Hg in diastolic BP for LSB + G, respectively). Diastolic BP at rest decreased significantly during the LSB + G intervention, although there were no significant differences in changes between interventions. There were no significant differences between interventions in terms of changes in in vivo endothelial function, glucose metabolism, and peripheral inflammatory parameters. Compared with the consumption of CB or LSB, no greater beneficial effects on 24-hour BP, endothelial function, or glucose metabolism were demonstrated after the consumption of LSB + G in a population with pre or mild-to-moderate hypertension. Further studies are warranted to clarify the effect of GABA on BP, preferably using a specific design for noninferiority trials and ambulatory BP monitoring as a measure of BP. This study was registered at Current Controlled Trials as ISRCTN31436822

Objetivo Valorar si el incremento de la poblacion escolar inmigrante puede influir en un aumento del nivel de caries. Diseno Se recoge informacion personal de cada nino/a y se le realiza una revision bucodental (segun metodologia OMS). Los datos recogidos son: curso, colegio, sexo, lugar de nacimiento del padre, de la madre y del nino/a. En la revision se anotan las piezas definitivas cariadas, obturadas y ausentes (indice CAOD) y las piezas temporales cariadas y obturadas (indice cod). Emplazamiento Poblacion escolar del area de influencia del ABS Reus V en la provincia de Tarragona. Participantes Se incluye a 825 escolares (410 ninos y 415 ninas). Los cursos analizados fueron: primero, tercero y quinto de primaria y primero de ESO (6, 8, 10 y 12 anos, respectivamente). Se clasifica como no inmigrantes a aquellos nacidos en el Estado espanol o en algun pais de Europa Occidental, y cuyos padres tambien lo fueran (al menos uno de ellos). Se estudia a 731 no inmigrantes y 94 inmigrantes (24 de Latinoamerica, 50 de Africa, 3 de Asia y 17 de Europa del Este). Mediciones principales Se realiza analisis estadistico (comparacion de medianas) para valorar la influencia de diversos factores (origen, tipo de escuela) en la presencia de caries. Resultados Aunque hay un mayor nivel de caries en sujetos inmigrantes (tabla1), la diferencia no presento significacion estadistica por ser grupos no homogeneos. Se detecto una peor salud bucal en escolares de colegios publicos (p Discusion En general, nuestra poblacion presenta un porcentaje de individuos libres de caries (70,83% a los 6 anos/60,84% a los 12 anos) mayor que el detectado en la encuesta epidemiologica de la salud bucodental en Cataluna del ano 1991 y similar al del ano 19971. En la bibliografia hay diversos estudios donde se encuentra una correlacion positiva entre inmigracion y mayor nivel de caries2-6, relacionandolo en general con un nivel socio-economicocultural menor. Esto podria explicar las diferencias encontradas entre colegios publicos y privados-concertados en la zona de influencia del ABS. Respecto al futuro, nos planteamos profundizar en el tema mediante un estudio con grupos mas homogeneos, analizando otras variables que pudieran explicar las diferencias encontradas. Conclusiones Aunque se ha observado un mayor nivel de caries en poblacion inmigrante, no se puede afirmar que este factor influya en los niveles generales de salud oral de la poblacion escolar. Por ello consideramos que es importante una educacion en salud bucodental en la poblacion escolar, tanto inmigrante como no inmigrante, sobre todo en colegios publicos, donde existe un mayor nivel de caries. TABLA 1. Indices de caries segun curso y origen (inmigrante/no inmigrante) Indice CAOD Indice cod Libres de caries (%) Total de individuos 1.° de primaria Inmigrante 0,04 4,28 28,00 25 No inmigrante 0,05 0,63 76,43 191 3.° de primaria Inmigrante 0,6 3 25,00 28 No inmigrante 0,31 0,98 63,29 188 5.° de primaria Inmigrante 1,87 1,71 9,37 32 No inmigrante 0,55 0,52 58,97 195 1.° de ESO Inmigrante 1,55 0,33 22,22 9 No inmigrante 0,56 0,19 63,05 157