Search

Immunosenescence is the adverse change in the human immune function during aging, leaving older people more prone to an increased risk of infections and morbidity. Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are very common among older people, often resulting in continued morbidity and mortality. Therefore, approaches, such as consuming probiotics, that shorten the duration or even reduce the incidence of URTIs in older people are being studied. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a multi-strain probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC® Active, which contains 11 live probiotic strains, on the incidence, duration, and severity of URTIs in older people. In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study, 95 participants, with an average age of 70.9 years in the probiotic group and 69.6 years in the placebo group, were randomly allocated to two groups: 1010 cfu per day of the multi-strain probiotic intervention OMNi-BiOTiC® Active (49) or placebo (46). The incidence of URTIs in older people after 12 weeks supplementation with OMNi-BiOTiC® showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.5244). However, the duration of the URTI infections was statistically significantly different between the groups (p = 0.011). The participants that consumed the probiotic had an average duration of illness of 3.1 ± 1.6 days, whilst participants that received the placebo had symptoms for an average of 6.0 ± 3.8 days (p = 0.011). Statistically significant differences in lymphocyte counts in both groups after supplementation (p = 0.035 for the probiotic group and p = 0.029 for the placebo group) and between both groups were found (p = 0.009). Statistically significant differences in eosinophil (p = 0.002) and basophil counts (p = 0.001) in the probiotic groups before and after supplementation with probiotics were also found. Supplementation with the multi-strain probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC® Active may benefit older people with URTIs. Larger randomised controlled clinical trials are warranted. Clinical Trial Registration; identifier NCT05879393.

Uvod: Spavanje je važan dio našeg svakodnevnog života i vrlo je važno za naše zdravlje. Nedostatak sna u modernom svijetu velik je problem. Mnogi studenti sestrinstva diljem svijeta imaju problema sa spavanjem pa nas je zanimala situacija u Sloveniji. Metode: U istraživanju smo upotrebljavali namjensku metodu uzorkovanja. Podaci su prikupljeni pomoću internetskog upitnika. Anketirali smo studente preddiplomskih studija sestrinstva. Upotrijebili smo Microsoft Excel i Microsoft Word za analizu i grafički prikaz podataka. Rezultati: Studenti smatraju da im je za odmor potrebno 7 – 8 sati sna tijekom noći. Iako 67 % studenata dovoljno spava vikendom / slobodnim danima, situacija je drugačija tijekom tjedna. Ukupno njih 72 % spava manje od preporučenog broja sati. Tijekom vikenda / slobodnih dana studenti zaspe kasnije nego tijekom tjedna i kasnije se probude. Smanjeni broj sati sna predstavlja problem tijekom ispitnih rokova. Većini studenata (34 %) potrebno je do 10 minuta da bi zaspali. Gotovo polovica studenata (48,5 %) ima problema s utonućem u san nekoliko puta mjesečno. Studenti smatraju da na kvalitetu sna najviše utječe stres. Većina studenata (53,4 %) često se osjeća umorno. Više od polovice studenata (55 %) povremeno odluči spavati tijekom dana. Povremene probleme s koncentracijom prijavljuje 55 % studenata. Ukupno 92 % studenata slaže se da kvaliteta i količina sna utječu na raspoloženje tijekom dana. Čak 96 % studenata ima mobilni uređaj u spavaćoj sobi, od kojih ga 88 % upotrebljava prije spavanja. Većina studenata spava na boku (44 %). Većina također navodi zadovoljstvo svojim krevetom (85 %). Zaključak: Važno je da studenti budu svjesni važnosti sna za njihovo zdravlje i akademski uspjeh. Tek tada će moći promijeniti svoje navike spavanja. Studenti sestrinstva budući su radnici smjenskog rada pa je posebno važno da znaju poboljšati svoje navike spavanja.

The opinions and arguments, claiming that Anton Janša stayed in Carinthia from 1765 until his departure for Vienna in the year 1766, that he was a member of the Carinthian agricultural society and similar, are a novelty in the knowledge of the life and work of the first c. k. beekeeping teacher in Vienna. This statement was for the first time published in the book of Ehrenfels in 1829 and for the second time in the book of Heinrich in 1832. This notice was later reproduced in other works. The message of these publications is: Anton Janša was a Carinthian, he brought the Carinthian way of beekeeping to Vienna, he originates from the Carinthian agricultural society, which also recommended him in Vienna, so he was invited by the Empress Maria Theresia to Vienna and so on. Among Slovenian authors Perc (1925a,b) and Stabej (1955) drew attention to these records. Janša describes in his books and stresses his Carniolan origin, Carniolan way of beekeeping and Carniolan wooden hive and does not refer to his life and work in Carinthia. To confirm these records and publications on Anton Janša in Carinthia, it is necessary to find archival documents in provincial archive in Klagenfurt to confirm or to reject this hypothesis.

V prvem delu smo predstavili organizacijo službe nujne medicinske pomoči (NMP) ter pravne osnove za organizacijo in izvajanje le-te. Ambulanta zagotavlja neprekinjeno zdravstveno dejavnost na nivoju osnovne zdravstvene službe v času, ko redne ambulante ne delajo, izjemoma pa tudi izven tega časa, če pacientov izbrani zdravnik ni dosegljiv, bolezen ali poškodba pa je takšna, da mora biti oskrbljena še isti dan. Triaža je ena pomembnejših in zahtevnejših nalog medicinske sestre v ambulanti NMP, saj je v večini primerov prav medicinska sestra tista, ki prva stopi v kontakt s pacientom. Predstavili smo nekaj najpogostejših nujnih zdravstvenih stanj, s katerimi se medicinske sestre srečujejo v ambulanti NMP. Raziskava je potekala na dva načina. V prvem delu raziskave, kjer nas je zanimal vzrok obiska ambulante NMP, smo podatke dobili iz zapisov v ambulantno knjigo. V drugem delu, ki je potekal v obliki ankete prehospitalnih enot (PHE) v Sloveniji, pa nas je zanimalo, kdo od zaposlenih opravlja triažo, kako pridobivajo dodatna znanja iz nujnih stanj in katere ukrepe bi izvajali pri življenjsko ogroženih pacientih. V prvem delu je raziskava pokazala, da so infekcije vodilni razlog obiska, sledijo poškodbe, patologija ostalih organskih sistemov je bistveno redkejša. V drugem delu raziskave smo ugotovili, da se zaposleni v zdravstveni negi redno izobražujejo in si želijo kontinuiranega izobraževanja, pri svojem delu pa večkrat prekoračijo kompetence. Pri anketi je sodelovalo 149 anketirancev iz devetih od enajstih PHE in iz treh od štirih C enot. Na koncu smo vse podatke analizirali s programom Microsoft Office Excel in prikazali z grafikoni. In first part we introduced organization of emergency medical care (EMC) service and basic regulations for organization and execution of it. Emergency clinic assures 24-hour medical service at primary care level in time, when regular medical clinics don't work, exceptionally also outside of this schedule, if the patients personal doctor is not available and the nature of disease or trauma implicate instant care. Triage is one of more important and pretentious tasks of a nurse in EMC, because in most cases it is the nurse who first steps in contact with the patient. We introduced some most frequent and urgent medical conditions, which nurse has to cope with in EMC. In the first part of the research we were interested in causes for visiting EMC, in the second part of the research , which took part in prehospital units (PHU) across Slovenia, we were interested in who of the employees performs triage, how they gain additional knowledge in emergency conditions and what measures they would use on emergency patients. The first part the research showed, that infections are the leading cause of visit, then follow injuries, other pathology is less frequent. The second part of the research showed, that employees in nursing care regularly educate and they desire continuous education. It also revealed that their professional competences are frequently overwhelmed.149 participants of nursing pesonnel of PHU were included in the survey, the results of which were analysed with Microsoft Office Excel software and presented with diagram displays.