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The aim of the study is to investigate the psychological state of the soldiers before they go to the battle space. The article shows the Assessment of people’s behavior, their psycho-emotional characteristics, and the degree of their adaptability in extreme conditions. This interest has increased even further due to the intensification of hostilities in Ukraine since February 2022 after the invasion of Russian forces on its territory. Extreme situations, including military conflicts, largely affect people’s ability to withstand stress, and their willingness to survive these events safely and develop a sufficient degree of adaptability in themselves. Researchers examine the psycho-emotional state of an individual from the standpoint of different theoretical positions. Conclusions. This study has shown that the current psycho-emotional state of Ukrainian military personnel who are preparing to go to the front line is characterized by a low degree of anxiety, increased aggressiveness, and the ability to adapt to environmental conditions easily, set goals and achieve them. At the same time, the military of Ukraine also show symptoms of stress, and some signs of neuropsychic instability, psychopathy, hysteria, paranoia, and psychasthenia. These personality traits may be directly related to the nature of their professional activities and an increased sense of awareness of their own significance and importance in combat conditions. In general, the listed features of the psycho-emotional state are evidence of the readiness of Ukrainian service members to participate in the war and their ability to perform their duties effectively.

Understanding how individual beliefs and societal values influence support for measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission is vital to developing and implementing effective prevention policies. Using both Just World Theory and Cultural Dimensions Theory, the present study considered how individual-level justice beliefs and country-level social values predict support for vaccination and quarantine policy mandates to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Data from an international survey of adults from 46 countries (N = 6424) were used to evaluate how individual-level beliefs about justice for self and others, as well as national values—that is, power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation, and indulgence—influence support for vaccination and quarantine behavioral mandates. Multilevel modeling revealed that support for vaccination and quarantine mandates were positively associated with individual-level beliefs about justice for self, and negatively associated with country-level uncertainty avoidance. Significant cross-level interactions revealed that beliefs about justice for self were associated more strongly with support for mandatory vaccination in countries high in individualism, whereas beliefs about justice for others were more strongly associated with support for vaccination and quarantine mandates in countries high in long-term orientation. Beliefs about justice and cultural values can independently and also interactively influence support for evidence-based practices to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as vaccination and quarantine. Understanding these multilevel influences may inform efforts to develop and implement effective prevention policies in varied national contexts.

The purpose of the article is to cover the change in the concept of virtue during the COVID-19 pandemic, show its connection with human values and ethics. Virtue is the highest spiritual quality of a person. The main virtues include wisdom, courage, justice, moderation, responsiveness, loyalty, modesty, generosity and many others that affect all aspects of human life. Despite the recognized value of virtue as a system of moral guidelines, its concept is fraught with disputes about whether it is really generally valid, as well as about the problem of the effectiveness of virtue as a universal guideline and criterion for moral choice and its relevance in modern moral experience. This article argues that the most significant shift in the concept of virtue during the pandemic was the rethinking and increased awareness of the importance of such virtues as solidarity and moral responsibility, as well as aspects of relationships with people such as kindness, compassion, and empathy. It is proved that the concept of virtue has moved from a question of choice to the category of necessity, the most important guideline and guarantee of the common good.

The Russian-Ukrainian war is a global critical event that impacted a variety of nations, but Ukrainians have surely suffered the most. A number of Russian celebrities have openly supported the war and the politics of President Putin. Nevertheless, despite the cruelty of the enemy, the destruction of the infrastructure, and the deaths of military personnel and civilians, many Ukrainians still continue to interact with Russian culture in a variety of ways. The major aim of the presented study was to identify the reasons why Ukrainians maintain contact or stop it and the types of culture that interaction is continued with. We have outlined four major factors that could impact the decision to interact or stop interacting: socio-demographic, psychological, emotional, and situational or forced interaction (interaction out of need). The results have shown that spoken language is a clear predictor of the continuation or termination of the interaction: Russian-speaking Ukrainians tend to continue interaction; the majority of Ukrainians continue interaction mainly due to the absence of Ukrainian analogues of similar cultural products and/or types; most Ukrainians keep interacting with bloggers and musicians; the position of the artist regarding the war defines the intentions to continue interaction; extraverted Ukrainians continue interaction but eventually tend to stop it, while more open Ukrainians stopped at the beginning of the war but tend to continue in the future; the majority of Ukrainians continue interaction due to an emotional need and stop it due to their emotional unacceptance of anything Russian-related.

Dear EditorThis letter to the editor responds to the recently published paper in the Journal of Loss and Trauma about COVID-19’s impact on Russian university student fear, mental health, and substa...

Cross-societal differences in cooperation and trust among strangers in the provision of public goods may be key to understanding how societies are managing the COVID-19 pandemic. We report a survey conducted across 41 societies between March and May 2020 (N = 34,526), and test pre-registered hypotheses about how cross-societal differences in cooperation and trust relate to prosocial COVID-19 responses (e.g., social distancing), stringency of policies, and support for behavioral regulations (e.g., mandatory quarantine). We further tested whether cross-societal variation in institutions and ecologies theorized to impact cooperation were associated with prosocial COVID-19 responses, including institutional quality, religiosity, and historical prevalence of pathogens. We found substantial variation across societies in prosocial COVID-19 responses, stringency of policies, and support for behavioral regulations. However, we found no consistent evidence to support the idea that cross-societal variation in cooperation and trust among strangers is associated with these outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These results were replicated with another independent cross-cultural COVID-19 dataset (N = 112,136), and in both snowball and representative samples. We discuss implications of our results, including challenging the assumption that managing the COVID-19 pandemic across societies is best modeled as a public goods dilemma.

BackgroundThe effective implementation of government policies and measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires compliance from the public. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of trust in government regarding COVID-19 control with the adoption of recommended health behaviours and prosocial behaviours, and potential determinants of trust in government during the pandemic.MethodsThis study analysed data from the PsyCorona Survey, an international project on COVID-19 that included 23 733 participants from 23 countries (representative in age and gender distributions by country) at baseline survey and 7785 participants who also completed follow-up surveys. Specification curve analysis was used to examine concurrent associations between trust in government and self-reported behaviours. We further used structural equation model to explore potential determinants of trust in government. Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine associations between baseline trust and longitudinal behavioural changes.ResultsHigher trust in government regarding COVID-19 control was significantly associated with higher adoption of health behaviours (handwashing, avoiding crowded space, self-quarantine) and prosocial behaviours in specification curve analyses (median standardised β = 0.173 and 0.229, p < 0.001). Government perceived as well organised, disseminating clear messages and knowledge on COVID-19, and perceived fairness were positively associated with trust in government (standardised β = 0.358, 0.230, 0.056, and 0.249, p < 0.01). Higher trust at baseline survey was significantly associated with lower rate of decline in health behaviours over time (p for interaction = 0.001).ConclusionsThese results highlighted the importance of trust in government in the control of COVID-19.

The study investigates features of complex sound's pitch and tempo perception depending on instructional set presence via the Likert scale and WAM test (wellbeing, activity, mood). Influence of objective complex sound characteristics (pitch and tempo) on a subjective evaluation of a music fragment, as well as the influence of instructional set (prior informing of a participant about objective differences between music fragments) on a subjective evaluation of a music fragment, were explored. The study looks at how people of different genders, whether they know how to play an instrument or have had musical education, perceive music. It was discovered that high pitch music was embraced as more fun, bright, light, and indecisive. Music with a higher tempo was also perceived as carefree, which is subjectively evaluated as less heavy and more fun. People with musical education background notice more differences between fragments with various pitches and tempos, specifically, they are capable of differentiating pitch and tempo changes better. In general, the study has shown that it is possible to manipulate objective characteristics of a complex sound in order to create widely acceptable subjective and psychological interpretation.

Acculturation is a popular term in cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology and ethnocultural psychology. The term itself is now used in the study of interaction or more ethnocultural communities, the result of which is the choice of a particular strategy of interaction as an individual and a group. Selected interaction strategies are called strategies, and they include: integration, assimilation, separation, marginalization. The choice of a particular strategy depends on a number of factors, both socio-demographic and psychological. A large number of studies of acculturation to date are implemented in either cross-cultural or psychological-anthropological approaches. The article presents the results of a study of migrants from Ukraine in the United States and presents the factors of acculturation within the cross-cultural approach to its study. The results of the study show that it is necessary to distinguish between socio-demographic and psychological factors. Detailed results and a model of the influence of each individual factor based on the results of a study of Ukrainian migrants are presented. Socio-demographic variables define the distribution of values of individual psychological characteristics. According to the results of t-test, men and women choose integration and separation as acculturation strategies identically. There is a noticeable difference in the choice of marginalization and assimilation. Younger respondents tend to choose assimilation and integration, while older respondents choose marginalization and separation. Integration is often handled by people with strong femininity, openness and purposefulness, mostly young people with a medium cultural distance. Assimilation is mainly chosen by individuals who have a strong openness to new experience, who have a low cultural distance. Separation is chosen by sensual people, often hysterical, purposeful, impulsive, and with high levels of personal aggression. Marginalization is mainly chosen by infantile individuals who are unstable and vulnerable.

This article presents the results of the research of specificity of psychophysiological reactions and changes in the cognitive processes as a result of using ephemeral oils by means of a classical experimental study with the use of a polygraph. Theoretical analysis of scientific publications of recent years on this topic was carried out. The scientific novelty of the research consists in specifying the effects of different types of ephemeral oils, determined by their complex influence – activity or quiescence. The effect of stimulating and sedative essential oils on the processing of cognitive processes and changes in the human body, as well as the effect on these characteristics of the subjective perception of the fragrance. As a result, significant differences in the speed of cognitive processes depending on the type of ether oils and associated psychophysiological reactions were revealed. Specifically, the activation of the nervous system in the inhalation of stimulating oils with a decrease in the speed of thought processes and a decrease in concentration, and the opposite effect in the action of sedative oils.

This article describes the main correlations that were obtained between music preferences and personal values. It has been discovered that personal values play a significant role in people’s music preferences and they are at the forefront in proposing a map that links personal values to music preferences. According to the results, music preferences can be defined by personal values since people tend to listen to a specific type of music if corresponding values are projected such as conservatism and openness. In this case, music is broken into four preference dimensions which include reflective and complex for folk, jazz, and classical, rebellious and intense comprising of punk, rock, and alternate, conventional and upbeat comprising of pop, country, and soundtracks, and lastly rhythmic and energetic including funk, electronica, hip-hop, and soul. Besides, preferences may be defined by socio-demographic characteristics such as age and gender such that the young people tend to prefer music because of what the other peers listen to and enjoy music in social places such as bars, restaurants, and music festivals, middle-aged people listen to the music of their preferences and at the time of their choosing at homes or while carrying out activities, the aged tend to have less music preference but some cannot do anything without listening to music and therefore have to keep their preference music always. Males tend to focus on certain genres of music such as heavy metal and rock which are associated with cognitive listening and demonstrates a negatively conservative nature of music while females prefer listening to pop music more than males. This article discloses the main results that were obtained in the empirical study of different articles concerning the topic of the relationship between personal values and music preferences. No such research was conducted on Ukrainian-speaking samples before.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global health crisis. Consequently, many countries have adopted restrictive measures that caused a substantial change in society. Within this framework, it is reasonable to suppose that a sentiment of societal discontent, defined as generalized concern about the precarious state of society, has arisen. Literature shows that collectively experienced situations can motivate people to help each other. Since societal discontent is conceptualized as a collective phenomenon, we argue that it could influence intention to help others, particularly those who suffer from coronavirus. Thus, in the present study, we aimed (a) to explore the relationship between societal discontent and intention to help at the individual level and (b) to investigate a possible moderating effect of societal discontent at the country level on this relationship. To fulfil our purposes, we used data collected in 42 countries (N = 61,734) from the PsyCorona Survey, a cross-national longitudinal study. Results of multilevel analysis showed that, when societal discontent is experienced by the entire community, individuals dissatisfied with society are more prone to help others. Testing the model with longitudinal data (N = 3,817) confirmed our results. Implications for those findings are discussed in relation to crisis management. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. New York University Abu Dhabi

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is important to inform policy decisions and plan vaccination campaigns. The aims of this research were to: (1) explore the individual- and country-level determinants of intentions to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and (2) examine worldwide variation in vaccination intentions. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the first wave of the pandemic, involving 6697 respondents across 20 countries. Results showed that 72.9% of participants reported positive intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas 16.8% were undecided, and 10.3% reported they would not be vaccinated. At the individual level, prosociality was a significant positive predictor of vaccination intentions, whereas generic beliefs in conspiracy theories and religiosity were negative predictors. Country-level determinants, including cultural dimensions of individualism/collectivism and power distance, were not significant predictors of vaccination intentions. Altogether, this study identifies individual-level predictors that are common across multiple countries, provides further evidence on the importance of combating conspiracy theories, involving religious institutions in vaccination campaigns, and stimulating prosocial motives to encourage vaccine uptake.

Graphical abstract, Our study aimed to assess the change in the sleep patterns during the Coronavirus lockdown in five regions (Austria/Germany, Ukraine, Greece, Cuba and Brazil), using online surveys, translated in each language. Part of the cohort (age 25–65, well-educated) was collected directly during lockdown, to which retrospective cross-sectional data from and after lockdown (retrospective) questionnaires were added. We investigated sleep times and sleep quality changes from before to during lockdown and found that, during lockdown, participants had (i) worse perceived sleep quality if worried by COVID-19, (ii) a shift of bedtimes to later hours during workdays, and (iii) a sleep loss on free days (resulting from more overall sleep during workdays in non-system relevant jobs), leading to (iv) a marked reduction of social jetlag across all cultures. For further analyses we directly compared system relevant and system irrelevant jobs, because it was assumed that the nature of the lockdown’s consequences is dependent upon system relevance. System relevant jobs were found to have earlier wake-up times as well as shorter total sleep times on workdays, leading to higher social jetlag for people in system relevant jobs. Cultural differences revealed a general effect that participants from Greece and Ukraine had later bedtimes (on both work and free days) and wake-up times (on workdays) than Cuba, Brazil and Austria, irrespective of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions.

The article describes the psychological study aimed at determining of the factors supporting disabled adolescents’ psychological well-being. Learning in the inclusive educational environment has a high developmental potential for social adaptation, revealing of the internal resources for self-realization and psychological well-being of adolescents with disabilities. The factors supporting disabled adolescents’ psychological well-being are revealed and the prognostic model of its development is proposed. The most important factors supporting disabled adolescents’ psychological well-being are: an expected attitude from others to them, their self-interest, self-esteem, meanings in life and goals understood by them, self-confidence, and belief in their own abilities. The predictors having the greatest impact on psychological well-being and presented in the developed predictive model are: commitment, acceptance of aggression, self-esteem, and the expected attitude of others. Straipsnyje pristatomas psichologinis tyrimas, kurio tikslas – nustatyti veiksnius, palaikancius paauglių, turincių negale, psichologine gerove. Mokymasis inkliuzinėje ugdymo aplinkoje turi didelį socialinės adaptacijos vystymo potencialą, atskleidžiant vidinius paauglių, turincių negale, savirealizacijos ir psichologinės gerovės resursus. Empiriniame tyrime dalyvavo 121 mokinys is Kijevo (Ukraina) inkliuzinių mokyklų: 54 vaikinai ir 67 merginos, turintys negale. Atskleisti veiksniai, palaikantys neįgalių paauglių psichologine gerove, ir pasiūlytas prognostinis jos raidos modelis. Svarbiausi paauglių, turincių negale, psichologine gerove palaikantys veiksniai yra sie: laukiamas aplinkinių požiūris į juos, jų domėjimasis savimi, savigarba, gyvenimo prasmė ir jų suprantami tikslai, pasitikėjimas savimi ir tikėjimas savo sugebėjimais. Požymiai, darantys didžiausią įtaką psichologinei gerovei ir pateikiami sukurtame prognozavimo modelyje, yra: įsipareigojimas, agresijos priėmimas, savigarba ir laukiamas požiūris is aplinkinių

Our study aimed to assess the change in the sleep patterns during the Coronavirus lockdown in five regions (Austria/Germany, Ukraine, Greece, Cuba and Brazil), using online surveys, translated in each language. Part of the cohort was collected directly during lockdown, to which retrospective cross-sectional data from and after lockdown (retrospective) questionnaires ware added. We investigated sleep times and sleep quality changes from before to during lockdown and found that, during lockdown, participants had (i) worse perceived sleep quality for those who reported to be worried by COVID-19, (ii) a shift of bedtimes to later hours during workdays, and (iii) a sleep loss on free days (resulting from more overall sleep during workdays), leading to (iv) a marked reduction of social jetlag across all cultures.For further analyses we then split the participants by job (system relevant or not) because it was assumed that the nature of the lockdown’s consequences is dependent upon system relevance. System relevant jobs were found to have earlier wake-up times as well as shorter total sleep times on workdays, leading to a higher social jetlag for people in system relevant jobs.Cultural differences revealed a general effect that participants from Greece and Ukraine had later bedtimes (on both work and free days) and wake-up times (on workdays) than Cuba, Brazil and Austria, irrespective of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions.

Previous studies suggested that public trust in government is vital for implementations of social policies that rely on public's behavioural responses. This study examined associations of trust in government regarding COVID-19 control with recommended health behaviours and prosocial behaviours. Data from an international survey with representative samples (N=23,733) of 23 countries were analysed. Specification curve analysis showed that higher trust in government was significantly associated with higher adoption of health and prosocial behaviours in all reasonable specifications of multilevel linear models (median standardised β=0.173 and 0.244, P

Road hazard perception is considered the most prominent higher-order cognitive skill related to traffic-accident involvement. Regional cultures and social rules that govern acceptable behavior may influence drivers' interpretation of a traffic situation and, consequently, the correct identification of potentially hazardous situations. Here, we aimed to compare hazard perception skills among four European countries that differ in their traffic culture, policies to reduce traffic risks, and fatal crashes: Ukraine, Italy, Spain, and Sweden. We developed a static hazard perception test in which driving scenes with different levels of braking affordance were presented while drivers' gaze was recorded. The test required drivers to indicate the action they would undertake: to brake vs. to keep driving. We assessed 218 young adult drivers. Multilevel models revealed that the scenes' levels of braking affordance (i.e., road hazard) modulated drivers' behavior. As the levels of braking affordance increased, drivers' responses became faster and their gaze entropy decreased (i.e., visual search strategy became less erratic). The country of origin influenced these effects. Ukrainian drivers were the fastest and Swedish drivers were the slowest to respond. For all countries, the decrement in response times was less marked in the case of experienced drivers. Also, Spanish drivers showed the most structured (least erratic) visual search strategy, whereas the Italians had the most rigid (most constant) one. These results suggest that road hazard perception can be defined cross-culturally, with cultural factors (e.g., traffic climate, legislation) modulating response times and visual search strategies. Our results also support the idea that a multimodal assessment methodology is possible for mass testing of road hazard perception and its outcomes would be relevant to understand how different traffic cultures shape driving behavior.

Highlights • Risk perception of COVID-19 was associated with more negative/less positive emotions. • Risk perception of COVID-19 was inversely associated with subsequent mental health. • The association between risk perception and mental health was mediated by emotions. • Specification curve analysis was used to avoid subjective analytical decisions., Background Although there are increasing concerns on mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, no large-scale population-based studies have examined the associations of risk perception of COVID-19 with emotion and subsequent mental health. Methods : This study analysed cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the PsyCorona Survey that included 54,845 participants from 112 countries, of which 23,278 participants are representative samples of 24 countries in terms of gender and age. Specification curve analysis (SCA) was used to examine associations of risk perception of COVID-19 with emotion and self-rated mental health. This robust method considers all reasonable model specifications to avoid subjective analytical decisions while accounting for multiple testing. Results : All 162 multilevel linear regressions in the SCA indicated that higher risk perception of COVID-19 was significantly associated with less positive or more negative emotions (median standardised β=-0.171, median SE=0.004, P0.05). Limitations Reliance on self-reported data. Conclusions : Risk perception of COVID-19 was associated with emotion and ultimately mental health. Interventions on reducing excessive risk perception and managing emotional distress could promote mental health.