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1. Threefold translation of the body of Christ: concepts of the Eucharist and the body translated in the early modern missionary context

Author

Antje Flüchter and Giulia Nardini

Subjects
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social Sciences
Abstract

Abstract This article tests the usefulness of concepts from translation studies to understand the dynamics and mechanisms of cultural translation. It asks what is happening when people translate. What do they do when they translate? From a historical perspective, we apply translation theories as analytical kit on the cultural translation process created by the Jesuit missionaries teaching the Eucharist in contact zones during early modern times. In a first part, we present the conceptual tool box borrowed from translation studies (Lefevere, Venuti, Nida). In the analytical part, we apply this instrument to Jesuit translation: How did the Jesuits translate the concept of body in the sacrament of Eucharist for a general audience in the multilingual and transcultural missionary contexts? It is generally difficult to transfer knowledge by translation. The translation of the Eucharist is not only difficult regarding the aim of a true translation, its fidelity to the source, but it can become a question of orthodoxy or heresy. The translation of Eucharist concerns the theology of transubstantiation, real presence or a symbolic understanding of the body; a crucial topic in the early modern European context. The semantics of the body are closely related to this theological issue as are the different cultural practices and understanding of them, particularly in non-European cultural settings. In this Jesuit case study, the dynamics of the cultural translation process are unearthed: Which methods and technics did missionaries apply to translate theological concepts? How did they accommodate and negotiate the knowledge transfer with the local cultural grids? How did they create dynamic equivalence in order to be understood? To what degree was the translation adopted by the intended audience? With the developed tool kit we unravel a complex, multi-layered translating process that was influenced by the translator, the audience, the cultural and linguistic context as well as the power asymmetries inherent to the process.

Published
2020
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12. Contents

Author

Ulrike Davy and Antje Flüchter

Published
2022

13. Frontmatter

Author

Ulrike Davy and Antje Flüchter

Published
2022

14. Frauen und Medizin im Laufe der Zeit

Author

Antje Flüchter

Subjects
060105 history of science, technology & medicine, 0601 history and archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, Neurology (clinical), Family Practice
Abstract

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Aufsatz untersucht die Position von Frauen auf dem Feld der Medizin im Wandel der Zeit. Dies ist keine schlichte Fortschrittsgeschichte, vielmehr strukturieren die jeweiligen Geschlechterrollen aber auch die Ausgestaltung des medizinischen Felds weibliche Handlungsmöglichkeiten und ihre Grenzen. Die Darstellung beginnt im Mittelalter und verfolgt die Entwicklungen über die 2 zentralen Professionalisierungswellen, d. h. die Gründung der europäischen Universitäten seit dem 12. Jahrhundert und die Professionalisierung der Medizin im 19. Jahrhundert, und endet mit der schwierigen Etablierung von Ärztinnen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.

Published
2020

16. Übersetzungspolitiken in der Frühen Neuzeit / Translation Policy and the Politics of Translation in the Early Modern Period

Author

Antje Flüchter, Andreas Gipper, Susanne Greilich, Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, Antje Flüchter, Andreas Gipper, Susanne Greilich, and Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink

Subjects
Translating and interpreting--Philosophy--Congresses, Translating and interpreting--Political aspects--History--Congresses, Translating and interpreting--History--Congresses
Abstract

Ausgangspunkt dieses Konferenzbands im Open Access ist die Frage nach den Bedingungen, die dafür verantwortlich zeichnen, dass überhaupt und in welcher Form in der Frühen Neuzeit übersetzt wird. Anders formuliert geht es um die grundsätzliche Frage danach, warum bestimmte Texte, Bilder, Zeichenkomplexe etc. eine Übersetzung erfahren, während andere unübersetzt bleiben (müssen). Welche Faktoren nehmen schließlich – im positiven Fall – Einfluss auf die konkrete Ausgestaltung von Übersetzung im Sinne des Übertragungsprozesses von einem semiotischen und kulturellen System in ein anderes? In diesem Zusammenhang kommt ein doppeltes Politikverständnis zum Tragen: einerseits geraten Übersetzungspolitik(en) im Sinne des Kon­zepts der Translation Policy in den Fokus und mit ihnen soziokulturelle, ökonomische und interkulturelle Ein­fluss­faktoren. Andererseits geht es – spezifischer – um Über­setzungen im Kontext politischer Verhandlungs- und Aushandlungsprozesse und somit um den Zusammenhang zwischen Politics und Translation. The point of departure for this conference volume is the question of what conditions are responsible for whether a translation happens at all. Why are certain texts, images, and sign systems translated while others (must) remain untranslated? And what factors influence the form a translation takes in the process of conveying words, images, or signs from one semiotic, cultural system to another? These questions concern both translation policy – that is, the socio-cultural, economic, and intercultural factors that influence translation processes – and the politics of translation in the specific context of political negotiation processes

Published
2024

17. Plausibilisierung und Evidenz : Dynamiken und Praktiken von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart

Author

Antje Flüchter, Birte Förster, Britta Hochkirchen, Silke Schwandt, Antje Flüchter, Birte Förster, Britta Hochkirchen, and Silke Schwandt

Subjects
Evidence
Abstract

Plausibilisierung und Evidenz sind nicht nur für den akademischen Diskurs unverzichtbar, sondern spielen auch im Alltag eine große Rolle. Die Beiträger•innen nehmen Plausibilisierungs- und Evidenzpraktiken als dynamische Prozesse in unterschiedlichen Zusammenhängen in den Blick. Dabei beleuchten sie, wie diese Prozesse ausgelöst werden und warum sie so erfolgreich sind. Der sowohl historische wie auch systematische Zugang adressiert die Thematik in interdisziplinärer Spannweite und verspricht vielfältige Anknüpfungspunkte, die inner- und außerhalb der Wissenschaft relevant sind.

Published
2024

22. Vorwort & Dank

Author

Christina Brauner and Antje Flüchter

Published
2020

23. Frontmatter

Author

Christina Brauner and Antje Flüchter

Published
2020

24. Inhalt

Author

Christina Brauner and Antje Flüchter

Published
2020

25. Vorwort & Dank

Author

Antje Flüchter and Christina Brauner

Published
2020

27. Contact, Conquest and Colonization : How Practices of Comparing Shaped Empires and Colonialism Around the World

Author

Eleonora Rohland, Angelika Epple, Antje Flüchter, Kirsten Kramer, Eleonora Rohland, Angelika Epple, Antje Flüchter, and Kirsten Kramer

Subjects
Imperialism--Historiography, Colonization--History
Abstract

Contact, Conquest and Colonization brings together international historians and literary studies scholars in order to explore the force of practices of comparing in shaping empires and colonial relations at different points in time and around the globe.Whenever there was cultural contact in the context of European colonization and empire-building, historical records teem with comparisons among those cultures. This edited volume focuses on what historical agents actually do when they compare, rather than on comparison as an analytic method. Its contributors are thus interested in the ‘doing of comparison', and explore the force of these practices of comparing in shaping empires and (post-)colonial relations between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. This book will appeal to students and scholars of global history, as well as those interested in cultural history and the history of colonialism.

Published
2021

29. Translating Catechisms, Translating Cultures : The Expansion of Catholicism in the Early Modern World

Author

Antje Flüchter, Rouven Wirbser, Antje Flüchter, and Rouven Wirbser

Subjects
Catholic Church--Congresses.--History--Moder, Catholic Church--Congresses.--Missions--Hist, Catholic Church--Congresses.--Catechisms--Hi
Abstract

Translating Catechisms, Translating Cultures explores the dimensions of early modern transcultural Christianities; the leeway of religious negotiation in and outside of Europe by comparing catechisms and their translation in the context of several Jesuit missionary strategies. The volume challenges the often assumed paramount Europeanness of Western Christianity. In the early modern period the idea of Tridentine Catholicism was translated into many different regions where it was appropriated and adopted to local conditions. Missionary work always entails translation, linguistic as well as cultural, which results in a modification of the content. Catechisms were central instruments to communicate Christian belief and, therefore, they are central media for all kinds of translation processes. The comparative approach (including China, India, Japan, Ethiopia, Northern America and England) enables the evaluation of different factors like power relations, social differentiation, cultural patterns, gender roles etc. Contributors are: Takao Abé, Anand Amaladass, Leonhard Cohen, Renate Dürr, Antje Flüchter, Ana Hosne, Giulia Nardini, John Ødemark, John Steckley, Alexandra Walsham, Rouven Wirbser.

Published
2017

30. Translating Catechisms, Translating Cultures

Author

Antje Flüchter and Rouven Wirbser

Subjects
Negotiation, Geography, Anthropology, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), China, Genealogy, media_common
Abstract

Translating Catechisms, Translating Cultures explores the dimensions of early modern transcultural Christianities, the leeway of religious negotiation in and outside of Europe by comparing catechisms and their translations in the context of several Jesuit missions (including China, India, Japan, Ethiopia, Northern America and England).

Published
2017

32. The Dynamics of Transculturality : Concepts and Institutions in Motion

Author

Antje Flüchter, Jivanta Schöttli, Antje Flüchter, and Jivanta Schöttli

Subjects
Cross-cultural studies
Abstract

The purpose of this volume is to identify and analyze the mechanisms and processes through which concepts and institutions of transcultural phenomena gain and are given momentum. Applied to a range of cases, including examples drawn from ancient Greece and modern India, the early modern Portuguese presence in China and politics of elite-mass dynamics in the People's Republic of China, the book provides a template for the study of transcultural dynamics over time. Besides the epochal range, the papers in this volume illustrate the thematic diversity assembled under the umbrella of the Heidelberg Cluster of Excellence “Asia and Europe in a Global Context.” Drawing from both the humanities and social sciences, stretching across several world areas and centuries, the book is an interdisciplinary work, aptly reflected in the collaboration of its editors: a historian and political scientist.

Published
2015

37. Structures on the Move : Technologies of Governance in Transcultural Encounter

Author

Antje Flüchter, Susan Richter, Antje Flüchter, and Susan Richter

Subjects
State succession, Politics and culture--Case studies, Politics and culture, International relations and culture--Case studies, International relations and culture
Abstract

This book enters new territory by moving toward a new conceptual framework for comparative and interdisciplinary research on transcultural state formation. Once more, statehood and governance are highly discussed topics, whereby modern state building is often considered to be a genuinely European characteristic, despite the fact that early modern Europeans knew of, experienced and grappled with highly developed states in Asia. The articles collected in this book discuss how strategies of governance were part of transcultural transfers between the two continents. The first part presents and discusses concepts of statehood in order to provide a set of conceptual tools for analyzing the transcultural appropriation of governmental strategies. The second part is concerned with case studies that examine the transcultural perception of governance, and the third and final part gathers perspectives on political practice in transcultural encounters (e.g. military, administration, and diplomacy)

Published
2012

39. Weighing the Mughal

Author

Antje Flüchter

Subjects
History, media_common.quotation_subject, Interpretation (philosophy), Empire, Comparative historical research, Lust, Diorama, Ancient history, Treasure, Ceremony, Erasmus+, media_common
Abstract

Twice a year, on his solar and his lunar birthday, the Indian Mughal was weighed before his entire court. For this occasion, many nobles and governors from the provinces came to the place where the Mughal held court. In this solemnity, the Mughal sat, richly clothed and with lots of jewellery, in a huge and sumptuous scale and was weighed several times: against money, against gold and jewels, a third time against precious clothes and spices, and then a last time against cereals, butter, and herbs. Afterwards, the precious items were given to the courtiers, and the money and food to the poor. If the Mughal weighed more than the year before, everybody was happy. Many travellers wrote about this special ritual, travellers who had actually been at the court and could thus observe this ceremony first-hand, such as the French Jean de Thevenot, Jean-Baptiste Tavernier and Francois Bernier, or Sir Thomas Roe, the first English ambassador at the Mughal court. The ritual was integrated into most of the compilations and in rather general texts about India, such as the ones written by Olfert Dappert (Asia, Oder: Ausfuhrliche Beschreibung Des Reichs des Grossen Mogols 1681) or Erasmus Francisci (Ost- und West-Indischer wie auch Sinesischer Lust- und Statsgarten 1668), as too into encyclopedias like Zedlers Universalexicon. The representation of the Mughal Empire in this single solemnity was also used in a different medium. One of the most famous and precious objects in the Grune Gewolbe (Green Vaults), the treasure chamber in Dresden, is the “Court in Delhi at the Birthday of the Great Mughal Aurangzeb” (Der Hofstaat zu Delhi am Geburtstag des Grosmughals Aurang Zeb), made by the goldsmith Johann Melchior Dinglinger between 1701 and 1707 on behalf of August the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland (Warncke 2004; Muller and Springeth 2000). This diorama consists of 165 small golden figures coloured with enamel and jewel-encrusted, depicting courtiers, servants, ambassadors with presents, exotic animals etc., and, in the centre, the Mughal Aurangzeb (who was still alive when Dinglinger started his work). This piece of art is not a fictional scene; Dinglinger referred in part to several travellers’ reports in order to make a true representation of the Mughal’s court, and as well he integrated aspects from other Asian courts to produce a representation of the whole of Asia. In the installation today, a huge set of scales is placed, rather forlornly, at the edge of the scene, whereas in the early eighteenth century it was situated near the Mughal and thus indicated the ritual of his weighing (Warncke 1989: 2156). It would seem that if someone wanted to accumulate all the knowledge available about the Mughal Empire and its governance in one scene, this ritual of weighing was the one chosen in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Today, as also in the late eighteenth and throughout the nineteenth century, this gorgeous Indian court life fits the picture of oriental lavishness. The image of India became homogeneous after the second half of the eighteenth century: the Mughal became one amongst the oriental despots, India the country of holy cows and snake charmers. This orientalistic interpretation and construction of the Mughal Empire, its government, as well as of the whole of India was very successful: older pictures and older knowledge were forgotten for a long time. While the impact of the Chinese experience on Europe was never totally forgotten and research on Chinese-European encounters has increased in recent decades (Osterhammel 1998; Appleton 1951; Hobson 2004), the Indian subcontinent stayed as a static world region in the shadow of historical research, at least in Germany.

Published
2012

41. ‘Aus Den Fürnembsten Indianischen Reisebeschreibungen Zusammengezogen’. Knowledge About India In Early Modern Germany

Author

Antje Flüchter

Subjects
business.product_category, Ancient history, Adversary, Social constructionism, Colonialism, Intellectual history, language.human_language, German, Ruler, Geography, Close relationship, language, Portuguese, business, Classics
Abstract

'Knowledge' is a social construction of reality, which is widely approved and accepted as true and real. The organisation of knowledge is never neutral or arbitrary, but mirrors the author's worldview, the cultural patterns of how s/he interprets the world. The Portuguese had established a close relationship with the local king, amongst other things because he was an enemy of the Samodrin of Calicut, the most important ruler at the Indian west coast. Adam Olearius , the editor of many Oriental travel accounts, complained that only a few reports about the Mughal court existed in German. The Dutch Colonial past as well as the Dutch East India Company (VOC)'s relevance for German work migration in the seventeenth century is nowadays more or less forgotten in Germany. During the eighteenth century, modes of organisation of knowledge and conceptions of science changed altogether. Keywords: early modern Germany; Indian west coast

Published
2010

42. Lemmata

Author

Gabriele Busch-Salmen, Philine Lautenschläger, Heinz Mohnhaupt, Michael Quisinsky, Gabriele Haug-Moritz, Niccolò Guicciardini, Gabriele Mentges, Doris Lehmann, Carsten Porskrog Rasmussen, Hartmut Bobzin, Uwe Meiners, Eva Brinkschulte, Gabriele Sorgo, Mădălina Diaconu, Wolfgang Hardtwig, Jens Ivo Engels, Robert Bohn, Hans-Heinrich Nolte, Sabine Sander, Dennis Danielson, Jörn Sieglerschmidt, Achim Mittag, Gerhard Rammer, Sicco Lehmann-Brauns, Helga Schultz, Ulrich Pfister, Wolfgang Uwe Eckart, Michael North, Christian Büschges, Bernhard Kroener, Bardo Fassbender, Daniel Hohrath, Jutta Nowosadtko, Sascha Möbius, Anuschka Tischer, Horst Carl, Thomas Simon, Peter Claus Hartmann, Ronald G. Asch, Alexander Košenina, Gerd Schwerhoff, Oliver Ramonat, Gerrit Walther, Rainer Babel, Mark Hengerer, Konrad Schneider, Thomas Finkenauer, Esther-Beate Körber, Klaus Beyrer, Barbara Krug-Richter, Friedrich Jaeger, Jens Nordalm, Jens Wolff, Stefan Rinke, Toyin Falola, Saheed Aderinto, Stefan Reichmuth, Heike Liebau, Ekkehard Mai, Roland Kanz, Jakob Golab, Thomas Richter, Susanne Kubersky-Piredda, Markus Buntfuß, Virginie Spenlé, Mark Häberlein, Christoph Bartels, Torsten Fried, Karl Härter, Christian Neschwara, Wolfgang Behringer, Stephan Rosenke, Michaela Hohkamp, Detlev Ellmers, Thomas Köppen, Ursula Klein, Mareike Kern, Thomas Kirnbauer, Louis Pahlow, Roman Köster, Ulrich Theobald, Regine Mathias, Jan Lucassen, Leo Lucassen, Gudrun Gersmann, Josef Ehmer, Rita Gudermann, Ralf Pröve, Bertrand Michael Buchmann, Harald Bollbuck, Christoph Kühn, Bernd Christian Schneider, Martin P. Schennach, Wilhelm Brauneder, Helga Schnabel-Schüle, Claudia Ulbrich, Werner Troßbach, Rolf Kießling, Frank Göse, Peter Blickle, Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, Nils Büttner, Matthias Rogg, Tim Neu, Marcus Popplow, Stefan Brakensiek, Ralf-Peter Fuchs, Jörg Baten, Daniel Schwekendiek, Gerhard Fouquet, Elisabeth Stein, Françoise Waquet, Jens Bruning, Bernward Selter, Lothar Schmidt, Rebekka von Mallinckrodt, Hans-Erhard Lessing, Dietmar Bleidick, Martin Schmidt, Christian Rohr, Fritz Dross, Eric Scheibe, Normann Müller, Wolfgang Schmale, Patrick Schmidt, Dorothee Crayen, Edith Saurer, Reinhold Reith, Georg Stöger, Andreas Gestrich, Susanne Lepsius, Cordula Scholz-Löhnig, Hartwig Brandt, Wolfgang E. J. Weber, Frank Konersmann, Matthias Schnettger, Uwe Tresp, Friederike Nüssel, Caspar Hirschi, Uwe Steiner, Andreas Rutz, Thomas Töpfer, Walter Sparn, Jan Klußmann, Heike Düselder, Eberhard Winkler, Steffen Schlinker, Gunter Mahlerwein, Hans Schlosser, Claudia Jarzebowski, Otto Dann, Reiner Prass, Ute Schneider, Mathias Schmoeckel, Heinrich Lang, Rüdiger Schmidt, Irmgard Scheitler, Stefanie Stockhorst, Gábor Á. Zämplen, Susanne Rode-Breymann, Michael Fischer, Albrecht Beutel, Jürgen Kloosterhuis, Carsten Zelle, Silvia Serena Tschopp, Martin Huber, Sylvia Heudecker, Markus Fauser, Jörn Henrich, Carolyn Dougherty, Peter Oestmann, Ashley Null, Michael Stolberg, Marianne Klemun, Renata Ago, Dieter Burdorf, Cornel Zwierlein, Annette Meyer, Peter Schuster, Hendrikje Mautner, Antje Flüchter, Matthias Pohlig, Eva Labouvie, Monika Neugebauer-Wölk, Friedrich Steinle, Rolf Reichardt, Peter Collin, Arno Strohmeyer, Ulrich Rehm, Knut Nicolaus, Ursula Ferdinand, Albrecht Fuess, Rüdiger Zymner, Anna Langenbruch, Fred E. Schrader, Iris Gareis, Silke Törpsch, and Art Roeland Theo Jonkers

Published
2008

43. Lemmata

Author

Christoph Kampmann, Winfried Müller, Ronald G. Asch, Olaf Asbach, Franz Bosbach, Heinhard Steiger, Norbert Fischer, Albrecht Beutel, Reimund Leicht, Christine Vogel, Michael Riekenberg, Gunter Mahlerwein, Werner Plumpe, Markus A. Denzel, Thomas Köppen, Friedrich Wilhelm Graf, Walter Sparn, Matthias Schnettger, Jens Bruning, Jens Rheinhardt, Stephan Rosenke, Frank Konersmann, Stephan Hoppe, Oliver Hochadel, Stefan Kroll, Harald Bischoff, Michaela Kalusok, jürgen Wiener, Christoph Meinel, Silke Wenzel, Gabriele Jancke, Antje Fuchs, Martin Huber, Thomas Kirchner, Arnfried Edler, Susanne Keunecke, Christian Grethlein, Martin Wrede, Eva Labouvie, Martina Henze, Gerrit Walther, Michael Wagner, Manfred Agethen, Frank Schorkopf, Sascha Salatowsky, William Naphy, Josef Ehmer, Günther Wassilowsky, Irmgard Scheitler, Kurt Andermann, Inga Mai Groote, Heinz Rieter, Rainer Metz, Stefanie Stockhorst, Joachim Kremer, Christiane Coester, Christian Wieland, Ursula A. J. Becher, Detlef Döring, Martin Gierl, Alexander Košenina, Jens Häseler, Jens Eisfeld, Barbara Krug-Richter, Wolfgang E. J. Weber, Gunther Hirschfelder, Joachim Schaier, Jutta Nowosadtko, Klaus Graf, Jan Andres, Thomas Synofzik, Andreas Waczkat, Joachim Bahlcke, Achim Aurnhammer, Ekaterini Kepetzis, Christoph Heyl, Hans Jürgen Teuteberg, Iris Schröder, Bernhard Fritscher, Moritz Epple, Ulrich Beuttler, Roman Köster, Rebekka Übler, Thomas Simon, Karl Härter, Maren Lorenz, Heinz Mohnhaupt, Jürgen Weitzel, Peter Oestmann, Caspar Hirschi, Gemot Michael Müller, Ralf Frassek, Peter Arnold Heuser, Michaela Hohkamp, Michael Fischer, Stefan Jordan, Oliver Ramonat, Dirk Niefanger, Thomas Lehr, Jens Nordalm, Andreas Urs Sommer, Johannes Süßmann, Claudia Ulbrich, Claudia Jarzebowski, Roland Kanz, Georg Fertig, Reinhold Reith, Clemens Albrecht, Wolfgang Schmale, Gerald Kohl, Diethelm Klippel, Antje Flüchter, Sibylle Hofer, Jan Klußmann, Ulrich Rehm, Wolfgang UWG Eckart, Andreas Thier, Hasso Spode, Frank Göttmann, Hans-joachim König, Zoltán Pállinger, Mariaclara Gadebusch-Bondio, Wilfried Reininghaus, Ulrich Pfister, Katrin Keller, Johannes Laufer, Rainer Gömmel, jürgen Mittag, Christoph Bartels, Volker Leppin, Roy Garré, Antonio Becchi, Thomas Beck, Birgit E. Klein, J. Jürgen Seidel, Bettina Wahrig, Brigitte Sölch, Remhold Reith, Friederike Nüssel, Jan Lucassen, Leo Lucassen, Elisabeth Koch, Arno Strohmeyer, Martin Reulecke, Max Sebastián Hering Torres, Helmut Bley, Hans-Joachim König, Günther Lottes, Ernst Rohmer, Catherine Newmark, Louis Pahlow, Michaela Fenske, Karlheinz Ruhstorfer, Dietmar Peil, Mark Haberlein, Michael Scholz-Hänsel, Michael North, Dietmar Bleidick, Inken Schmidt-Voges, Martin Laube, Stefan Reichmuth, Ingrid Kummels, Kirsten Rüther, Markus Enders, Markus Matthias, Jürgen Bärsch, Dorothea Wendebourg, Martin Loeser, Stefan Ruppert, Gerd Schwerhoff, Christoph Link, Philipp Zitzlsperger, Michael Fessner, Klara Vanek, Sibylle Appuhn-Radtke, Andreas Würgler, Manfred Landfester, Hartmut Keil, Hans-Joachim von Kondratowitz, Reinhard Stauber, Kinji Akashi, Iris Gareis, Jan-Otmar Hesse, Karl Christian Felmy, Wolfgang Behringer, Manfred Jatzlauk, Achim Mittag, Andreas Gestrich, Joachim Eibach, Christian Neschwara, Peter Blickle, Martin Löhnig, William G. Naphy, Peer Schmidt, Rolf Reichardt, Konrad Schneider, Axel Flügel, Wilhelm Brauneder, and Ernst Münch

Published
2006

44. LOST IN TRANSMISSION:MAPS OF JAPAN BY DAIKOKUYA KŌDAYŪ 大黒屋 光太夫 (1751 – 1828)

Author

DOROFEEVA-LICHTMANN, VERA, Simonova-Gudzenko, Ekaterina, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), eds. Antje Flüchter, Andreas Gipper, Susanne Greilich and Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, SPP 2130 Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit (1450-1800) / Translation cultures of Early Modern times (1450-1800), TRANSLATION TERROIRS – East Asia Between Autochthonous and Western Cartographic Languages, Project N° DFG-SCHA_936-5-1, 2019-2022, Dorofeeva-Lichtmann, Vera, and eds. Antje Flüchter, Andreas Gipper, Susanne Greilich and Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink

Subjects
[SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, Japan, [SHS.HISPHILSO] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, cartography, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Russian Empire, Daikokuya Kōdayū 大黒屋 光太夫, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

45. Europe–Mughal India–Muslim Asia: Circulation of Political Ideas and Instruments in Early Modern Times

Author

Corinne Lefèvre, Centre d'Études de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud (CEIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antje Flüchter, and Susan Richter

Subjects
Muslim Asia, Mughal empire, media_common.quotation_subject, empire moghol, Empire, Historiography, Asie musulmane, State-building, culture, politique, Europe, Politics, Geography, Nobility, Political economy, Development economics, circulation, Orient, politics, Early modern Europe, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Rivalry, media_common
Abstract

International audience; Contrary to what the "Indocentrism" that has long prevailed in the field of Mughal studies would tend to suggest, the empire founded by Babur cannot be reduced to an extractive machine feeding itself with agrarian surplus and working in quasi complete isolation from the rest of the early modern world. Quite to the opposite: the 17th century witnessed the development and diversification of the European presence in the subcontinent on an unprecedented scale as well as a significant increase in the exchanges with the West. Concurrently, and as may be seen from the multi-ethnic composition of the Mughal nobility, the empire attracted elites in search of employment from all over the Asian-Islamicate ecumene stretching from Istanbul to Aceh. And yet the impact of those multi-directional exchanges on the political genesis and evolution of the Mughal state is a question that has not been sufficiently addressed. While the Mughal-European relationship has long attracted the attention of specialists of economic history as well as historians interested in the Western perceptions of the Orient, the historiography dealing with the Mughal dynasty and its immediate neighbours and competitors (Safavids, Uzbeks, Ottomans) has largely confined itself to diplomatic studies of a traditional workmanship and to a handful of structuralist comparisons informed by the old orientalist paradigm. Recently, however, scholars such as Sanjay Subrahmanyam have reminded us of the highly competitive nature of early modern state building and, in order to reach a deeper understanding of the latter, have alerted us to the necessity of paying due attention to the processes of circulation, imitation or rejection of political models born out from this very inter-imperial rivalry. This appears all the more necessary in the case of the Mughal empire as historians have generally emphasized the influence of past rather than contemporary imperial experiments when trying to uncover the layers of its construction. With a view to filling that gap, the present article will therefore tackle two broad sets of interconnected questions. First, what was the political horizon of the Mughals, what did they know about the political experiments that took place in early modern Europe and Muslim Asia? Second, what were the elements of these experiments, if any, that were deemed adaptable in the Indian context? Answering these questions, one may hope to map out more clearly some of the highways and dead ends which ran across the political space of early modern Asia and Europe.

Published
2012

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