Search

In 1993, clinical psychologist Terrie Moffitt presented a developmental theory that describes two key offending trajectories, the adolescent limited and life course persistent. (1) The adolescent limited trajectory group consists [...]

This article sets out to retrieve two accounts of female deviance in colonial Fiji. It will posit rule-breaking behavior as a reaction to colonial and patriarchal efforts to regulate female behavior and sexuality. The article simultaneously aims to undo rigid categorizations of female deviance by relating such acts to historical circumstance. Police records, court proceedings and news items from The National Archives of Fiji are cited to show how indigenous Fijian woman, Davilo, and indentured Indian woman, Sukhrania, transgressed socially constructed paradigms of morality by procuring abortions in 1884 and engaging in prostitution in 1909, respectively. By relabeling these alleged acts of deviance as survival strategies emerging out of women's experiences of 'double colonization', this article will reconstruct two 'minor' anecdotal fragments awkwardly wedged within the realm of 'mainstream history'. Keywords: Women, Fiji, Deviance, Archival research, Introduction How is one to deconstruct colonial and patriarchal constructions of female deviance? What apparatus can we use to rouse the subaltern subject who silently sleeps within an oppressive, discursive [...]

Two intervention strategies aimed at stopping moral disengagement in adolescents were evaluated with 116 ninth-grade students (M age = 14.6 years). Three classrooms were randomly assigned to three conditions: intervention based on critical thinking and social regulation, intervention based on persuasion and behavioral journalism, and a control group. Results revealed a significant reduction in moral justifications and in moral disengagement related to stealing among participants in the critical thinking and social regulation intervention in comparison to the control group and the behavioral journalism intervention group. Given the few interventions aimed at stopping moral disengagement, this study is an important contribution that suggests that it is possible to reduce moral disengagement with school-based pedagogical interventions. Keywords: Moral justifications, Moral disengagement, Excuses, Intervention, Evaluation, Critical thinking, Social regulation, Behavioral journalism, Colombia, Why do we sometimes act against the ethical principles we claim to defend? Why do clear-minded people display antisocial conduct that they consider reproachable? Bandura (1999) considers that behind these [...]

Psychological studies find that video game play is associated with markers for violent and antisocial attitudes. It is plausible that these markers indicate either whetted or sated preferences for antisocial behavior. I investigate whether a proxy for video gaming is associated with the prevalence of various crimes and find evidence that gaming is associated with significant declines in crime and death rates. These results are robust to various alternative specifications. Other youth-related leisure activities--sports and movie viewing--generate smaller or no effects. These results cast doubt on the desirability of proposed restrictions on video game marketing. (JEL L86, D18, 118), I. INTRODUCTION Regulating the content and marketing of video games so as to curb crime and violence has received growing interest among policymakers. Substantial evidence from psychological studies indicates a [...]

How age, gender, and subtype of antisocial behavior (ASB) affects the relationship between low resting heart rate (HR) and ASB in adolescence is investigated. In this study, ASB comprises aggression and rule breaking. It can be shown that personality trait behavioral inhibition intervenes between HR and aggression, while sensation seeking mediates HR and rule breaking.

An analysis of how the experience of going to nightclubs is cocreated by promoters, DJs, and the clubbers themselves. A biosocial conceptualization of pleasure is developed and demonstrated. It is suggested that clubbing has become a site of contained illegality.

The prevention of counterproductive of antisocial risk taking is a research priority. Attempts to understand risk-taking behaviors are dominated by the psychometric and neuropsychological paradigms, which have developed in relative isolation. Previous studies indicate that risk taking is associated with the sensation-seeking personality trait, although the relationship with impulsivity may be complex. Poor risk-related decision making is associated with lesions to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Furthev research is necessary to establish which forms of risk taking are associated with the 5-factor model of personality and may be influenced by ventromedial prefrontal cortex functioning. The relationship between risk-related decision making and personality traits is also discussed in order to provide a basis for future research adopting an integrated model of risk taking behavior.

The effect of father's presence in the home on the child's antisocial behavior is studied to determine whether the father's presence may moderate the relationship between father and child antisociality. Results suggest that the presence of father appears to provide some environmental influence that leads to increased child antisocial behavior.

Although a single diagnostic label, conduct disorder, is currently applied to children exhibiting antisocial behaviour, multiple routes to the same behavioural phenomena exist. Morton and Frith's (1995) causal modelling has been fundamentally important in influencing models of cognitive/affective and associated neural differences between callous-unemotional (CU) and reactive/threat-based antisocial behaviour. Current behavioural genetic research is still catching up with the developmental cognitive neuroscience, and very few genetically informative studies differentiate between these two subtypes of antisocial behaviour. Our own work with preadolescent twins suggests that while the CU subtype is genetically vulnerable to antisocial behaviour, the non-CU subtype manifests a primarily environmental aetiology to their antisocial behaviour. Molecular genetic work to date has not differentiated between these two subtypes, and we highlight why it might be of interest to do so. Finally, we discuss how the novel approach of imaging genetics could be harnessed to study genes to cognition pathways for different subtypes of conduct disorder. Uta Frith's contributions to articulating research strategies for developmental disorders are important in conducting and interpreting this work.

The three different perspectives on the reasons why sexually promiscuous women attract negative attributions are presented. The Social Norm explanation of promiscuous behavior as deviant therapy is preferred over other hypotheses.

This article offers a glimpse into the relatively hidden practice of self-injury: cutting, burning, branding, and bone breaking. Drawing on eighty in-depth interviews, Web site postings, e-mail communications, and Internet groups, we challenge the psychomedical depiction of this phenomenon and discuss ways that the contemporary sociological practice of self-injury challenges images of the population, etiology, practice, and social meanings associated with this behavior. We conclude by suggesting that self-injury, for some, is in the process of undergoing a moral passage from the realm of medicalized to voluntarily chosen deviant behavior in which participants' actions may be understood with a greater understanding of the sociological factors that contribute to the prevalence of these actions. Keywords: self-injury; demedicalization; deviance

This article summarizes the results of a qualitative content analysis of historical literature on problem gamblers in America and England. Using the pathological gambling entry in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a framework, it is revealed that all of the diagnostic criteria have a long and documented history. The findings here suggest that in a number of important ways, researchers have merely medicalized their previous moral objections to gambling behavior. Clinical implications and future research implications are discussed. Keywords: medicalization; deviance; gambling; problem gambling; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

In this study, the authors examine the relationship between abusive supervision and employee workplace deviance. The authors conceptualize abusive supervision as a type of aggression. They use work on retaliation and direct and displaced aggression as a foundation for examining employees' reactions to abusive supervision. The authors predict abusive supervision will be related to supervisor-directed deviance, organizational deviance, and interpersonal deviance. Additionally, the authors examine the moderating effects of negative reciprocity beliefs. They hypothesized that the relationship between abusive supervision and supervisor-directed deviance would be stronger when individuals hold higher negative reciprocity beliefs. The results support this hypotheses. The implications of the results for understanding destructive behaviors in the workplace are examined. Keywords: abusive supervision, workplace deviance, reciprocity

The authors developed and tested new theoretical relations between approach and avoidance motivational traits and deviant work behaviors. Approach motivation was divided into 3 traits: personal mastery (i.e., desire to achieve), competitive excellence (i.e., desire to perform better than others), and behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivity (i.e., responsiveness to rewards). Avoidance motivation, which reflects one's sensitivity to negative stimuli and the desire to escape such stimuli, was conceptualized as a unitary construct. Using structural equation modeling, the authors examined the relations of these 4 motivational traits with interpersonal and organizational deviance in a sample of primarily part-time employees. For the approach motivation traits, results showed that personal mastery was negatively related to interpersonal and organizational deviance, BAS sensitivity was positively related to interpersonal and organizational deviance, and competitive excellence was unrelated to both types of workplace deviance. Finally, avoidance motivation was positively related to organizational deviance and interacted with organizational constraints to predict interpersonal deviance. Keywords: motivational traits, behavioral inhibition system/behavioral activation system, workplace deviance, motivation, counterproductive work behaviors

Byline: Paulo Pires (1), Jennifer M. Jenkins (2) Keywords: Growth curve model; Longitudinal; Multilevel modeling; Adolescent drug use; Parenting affect; ADHD symptomatology; Deviant peers; NLSCY Abstract: This study purports that parental rejection and warmth are critical to the development of adolescent drug use, and investigates a model that also considers children's vulnerability and deviant peer affiliations. It tests mediation through the proximal risk factor of deviant peers. Poisson growth curve modeling was used to examine participants from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY N=2194) over 4 waves. Results indicated that parental rejection was positively related to drug use, whereas parental warmth was negatively related to it. Both effects were significant when child ADHD symptoms were taken into account. Parental rejection and warmth had differential effects over time. Deviant peer affiliations were positively associated with drug use, did not have a differential influence over time, and did not mediate the other effects. There was significant between-individual (level 2) variability in drug use. Results are discussed in light of adolescent perceptions of parent-child relationships. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V6, Canada (2) Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V6, Canada Article History: Registration Date: 03/08/2006 Received Date: 31/05/2006 Accepted Date: 03/08/2006 Online Date: 13/09/2006 Article note: Research Interests: social and emotional development family processes adolescent problem behaviours main area of work is about understanding risk and protective factors in typical and atypical adolescent development Department of Human Development and Applied Psychology, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V6, Canada Research Interests: social and emotional development family interaction child psychopathology main area of work is about understanding emotion processes in children and in family life that help us to understand psychopathology in childrenDepartment of Human Development and Applied Psychology, University of Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V6, Canada

A school-based model for early detection and intervention among 4-12-year-old children who displayed externalizing behavior problems was developed and examined. The results were encouraging and demonstrated that it is possible to work effectively with many children who display externalizing behavior problems in a nonclinical setting.

A report on two studies on the fundamental dimensions of the psychopathy concept in jailed adolescents measured by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version is presented. Implications for the nature of psychopathy in youth are discussed.

A study explores the growing emphasis upon the policing of incivilities and anti-social behaviour, situating this within debates about social capital in the construction and maintenance of social order. It outlines a critique of certain dominant assumptions within debates about social capital, notably with regard to crime and security.

The UK New Labour's approach to incivility in the city is examined as manifest in the respect and urban renaissance agendas and it is argued that the current zero-tolerance approach to incivility is based upon a confused understanding of antisocial behavior and contradictory evidence of its occurrence and impact. It is proposed that a version of urbanity that endeavors to enforce respect and create the respectable city will prove counter-productive.

Confirming a relationship between the social construct of deviance and creativity was the focus of this study. Two hundred and sixty-eight university students were administered assessments designed to elicit tendencies […]

The purpose of this article is to develop a preliminary comprehensive model of antisocial development based on dynamic systems principles, The model is built on the foundations of behavioral research on coercion theory. First, the authors focus on the principles of multistability, feedback, and nonlinear causality to reconceptualize real-time parent--child and peer processes. Second, they model the mechanisms by which these real-time processes give rise to negative developmental outcomes, which in turn teed back to determine real-time interactions. Third, they examine mechanisms of change and stability in early- and late-onset antisocial trajectories. Finally, novel clinical designs and predictions are introduced. The authors highlight new predictions and present studies that have tested aspects of the model.

The authors tested a model, inspired by affective events theory (H. M. Weiss & R. Cropanzano, 1996), that examines the dynamic nature of emotions at work, work attitudes, and workplace deviance. Sixty-four employees completed daily surveys over 3 weeks, reporting their mood, job satisfaction, perceived interpersonal treatment, and deviance. Supervisors and significant others also evaluated employees' workplace deviance and trait hostility, respectively. Over half of the total variance in workplace deviance was within-individual, and this intraindividual variance was predicted by momentary hostility, interpersonal justice, and job satisfaction. Moreover, trait hostility moderated the interpersonal justice-state hostility relation such that perceived injustice was more strongly related to state hostility for individuals high in trait hostility. Keywords: workplace deviance, moods, emotions, job attitudes

Mental disorders involving antisocial behavior and substance use are genetically linked and vary continuously. The authors present a review and integrative conceptualization of these observations in terms of a dimensional and hierarchically organized externalizing spectrum. As a foundation for this conceptualization, the authors introduce a quantitative, model-based approach to comparing categorical and continuous conceptions of psychopathology and apply this approach in an empirical study of patterns of comorbidity among externalizing disorders as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The authors present evidence that comorbidity among externalizing disorders is best modeled by an underlying normally distributed continuum of risk for multiple disorders within the externalizing spectrum. The authors conclude by discussing implications of the externalizing spectrum conceptualization for classification of disorders in the upcoming 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Keywords: substance abuse/dependence, antisocial behavior, impulsivity, aggression, classification

The tendency for occasional risk-taking is compared with the tendency for frequent risk-taking among young people. The two tendencies are not controlled by the same determinations and are distinct from each other.

Australian courts have tended to avoid invoking the concept of evil on the basis that it risks adding a moral and religious dimension to the judicial task of attributing blame. [...]

Byline: Aaron Bolin (1), Linette Heatherly (2) Keywords: Employee deviance; deviant behavior; attitudes Abstract: Employee deviance is a serious problem for business owners. To reduce this problem, researchers have attempted to predict which employees are more likely to exhibit deviant behavior based on their attitudes. Although many researchers have successfully predicted various types of employee deviance from attitudes, very little information is available detailing which attitudes are more useful in predicting each type of deviant employee behavior. In the present study, four attitude variables (theft approval, company contempt, intent to quit, and dissatisfaction) were used to predict four types of deviant employee behavior (absenteeism, substance abuse, privilege abuse, and theft). Results show that each attitude has a specific and stable pattern of relationships with the four types of deviance. Author Affiliation: (1) Northern Illinois University, USA (2) National Computer Systems, 9701 West Higgins Road, Rosemont, IL, 60018 Article History: Registration Date: 06/10/2004

A study was conducted on the relation between antisocial behavior and social resources among high-risk teenagers. The Externalizing Scale of the Youth Self Report was employed to measure behavior problems. The findings indicate that the absence of social embeddedness has a risk effect for well-adjusted teenagers and a protective effect for deviant adolescents. Moreover, it was observed that social resources were more significant in teenage girls.

The validity of subtypes based on antisocial personality disorder (APD) or childhood conduct disorder without adult APD (CD only) in patients with schizophrenia (or schizoaffective disorder) and a substance use disorder (abuse or dependence) was examined. APD patients scored lower on personality measures related to socialization and higher on antisocial behavior, psychopathy, and aggression. APD patients also reported higher rates of aggression and legal problems. APD, and to a lesser extent CD only, was associated with more severe psychiatric symptoms, an earlier age of onset of substance abuse, more severe symptoms of substance abuse, and a stronger family history of substance abuse and psychiatric hospitalization. The findings suggest that schizophrenia patients with APD represent a high-risk subgroup vulnerable to more severe substance abuse, psychiatric impairment, aggression, and legal problems.

Issues involving prominent persons in a given society have a high impact on the reading and listening public. Agenda setting and the triggering effects of deviant stories are the main focus in an examination of the coverage of the clergy as an individual within the society. Results indicate a strong media agenda-setting effects of the negative publicity and a perceived connotation of the clergy in general.

In a riot situation some individuals actively participate in antisocial behavior, but others do not, and still others act to discourage hostile activity. Four concepts from general psychology including (1) insufficiency of internal control or lack of internalized restraints acquired through learning, (2) effects of frustration, (3) emotional excitement, and (4) precipitating incidents (one or more) are proposed as contributors to the behavioral involvement of participants. Some hypotheses and the role of such variables as emotional contagion, imitation, opportunism, and anonymity are discussed.

Analyses of self-reports of drug use among male and female students, showing a correlation between drug abuse and deviant behavior, points to an unidimensionality of activities such as alcohol use and sociability, and rebelliousness. The drug prevention programs have a broader, spillover and impact on deviant behavior. Schools are the best place to identify deviant behavior and drug abuse, and prevention programs need to focus on the social acceptability of drinking and the contexts within which it occurs.

Whilst studies of employment have fuelled arguments about post-Fordism and questions of flexibility, recent debates about welfare have considered social polarization and the growth of an anti-social, anti-work 'underclass'. In both cases, relatively little attention has been given to the ways in which people in depressed local economies now survive through precarious, marginal and informal work. This article explores how people deprived of jobs seek to re-create positive working lives for themselves through voluntary work. Drawing upon qualitative interviews with working-class men and women in Teesside, it explores the motivations and meanings of volunteering and the significance that voluntary action has for work and welfare in such communities. State intervention in the voluntary work sphere is assessed and a number of recommendations are made for policy and practice.

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) can be maintained through negative reinforcement when, in the context of training or task requirements, it produces escape as a consequence. Several studies have demonstrated methods for identifying and treating SIB maintained by negative reinforcement; however, few analyses of the establishing operations associated with demand situations have been conducted. The current series of studies illustrates a method for identifying some establishing operations for escape by systematically altering certain dimensions of the demand context while maintaining an escape contingency for SIB. Dimensions assessed in these studies included task novelty, duration of instructional sessions, and rate of task presentation. Data indicate that these variables can have establishing properties for behavior maintained by escape. Implications of the results are discussed, as are potential refinements and extensions of the assessment procedures. DESCRIPTORS: functional analysis, establishing operations, escape behavior, self-injurious behavior, negative reinforcement

Although we have identified many variables that affect antisocial behavior, there is no evidence that we have learned how to reduce the incidence of such behavior or the proportion of young people who repeatedly engage in antisocial behavior. It is appropriate, therefore, for behavioral scientists to turn some of their energies to research on reducing the incidence and prevalence of antisocial behavior. Small communities may be a particularly useful social unit in which to conduct experimental research. The interventions to be tested include advocacy and community organizing to influence communities to make validated school and clinical interventions widely available and to assist them in increasing other forms of supervision of young people and social and material support of families. Key components of advocacy and community organizing are suggested, and possibilities for research are described. DESCRIPTORS: antisocial behavior, advocacy, community organizing, parent skills training, schools