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Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a common female reproductive disorder, with oxidative damage playing a significant role in its development. Studies had demonstrated the beneficial antioxidant, anti-aging, and other biological properties of swim bladder collagen (peptide). In this study, acid extraction, water extraction, and enzymatic hydrolysis methods were used to extract collagen (peptide) from sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) swim bladder, all of which exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Moreover, the effects observed in POF mice were enhanced, including an increasing in the number of growing ovarian follicles, regulation of serum hormone levels, and alterations in signaling pathways, as evidenced by the up-regulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and B cell lymphoma-2/ Bcl-associated x protein (Bcl-2/Bax) pathways, alongside the down-regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway. Sturgeon swim bladder collagen (peptide) could protect against cyclophosphamide-induced POF in mice, which could be very beneficial in the future advancement of health products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation can modify the antioxidant capacity of food. This study investigates the impact and mechanisms of various LAB strains (Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCU402, and Lactobacillus casei NCU215) fermentation on the antioxidant properties of mango juice. LAB strains inoculation enhanced the antioxidant activity of mango juice, with metabolomics showing increased in polyphenols and decreased in vitamins and carotenoids, indicating polyphenols as the main contributors. Quantification of polyphenols (free and bound forms) revealed that fermentation decreased bound gallic acid levels while increasing free pyrogallol and 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, which mainly contributed to the rise in antioxidant capacity in mango juice. L. acidophilus NCU402 had the highest increase in 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose (from 918.07 to 1750 μg/10 g), whereas L. casei NCU215 facilitated the greatest release of bound gallic acid (49.29 to 11.77 μg/10 g). Bound polyphenol release may be linked to pectin degradation, with lower galacturonic acid and increased pectinase activity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Polyphenols are well-known for their antioxidant properties, but their prooxidative activity remain less understood. This study quantitatively examined the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) during the autooxidation of nine different polyphenols in model systems, investigating how it impacts protein oxidation and protein-polyphenol covalent adduct formation. Polyphenols (4 mM) generated H 2 O 2 in the range of 0.2-242 μM, depending on type of polyphenol, incubation time, temperature, and pH, but no clear relationship between polyphenol structure and H 2 O 2 production was observed. The presence of free amino acids and proteins (bovine serum albumin and β-lactoglobulin) inhibited H 2 O 2 formation, with Cys completely scavenging H 2 O 2 . Met was highly susceptible to oxidation with a 25-75% loss, forming methionine sulfoxide through a two-electron oxidation pathway. Trp and Tyr were oxidized to produce dioxindolyl-ʟ-alanine, kynurenine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, N'-formylkynurenine, and 5-hydroxytryptophan in the nmol/mol-mmol/mol amino acid range. Furthermore, autoxidation of polyphenols resulted in >177 distinct amino acid/protein-polyphenol adducts as identified using LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Phenolic compounds, one of the most crucial lipid concomitants in rapeseed, have garnered heighten attention due to their numerous health benefits. Therefore, efficiently characterizing the phenolic profile of rapeseed is paramount for discerning their potential bioactivities. This study employed untargeted metabolomics in conjunction with molecular networking to trace the phenolic composition across three rapeseed genotypes. A total of 117 phenolic compounds were identified in rapeseed by mass spectrometry under positive and negative ionization modes, including 36 flavonoids, 23 coumarins, 12 phenolic acids, 10 lignans, 4 stilbenes, 4 diarylheptanes, 1 tannin, and several other phenolic constituents. Biochemical analyses revealed that Brassica napus rapeseed typically exhibited the highest total phenolic content and total flavonoid content as well as the strongest antioxidant capacity among three rapeseed genotypes. Through correlation analysis, 17 potential antioxidant phenolic compounds were tentatively screened from rapeseed, supporting the development and utilization of natural antioxidants from rapeseed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Developing nutty plant-based yogurt (NPBY) with desired texture and sensory properties has been challenging. This study sought to investigate the effects of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) on the physicochemical, textural, rheological, and microstructural properties of NPBY. The introduction of TFPS enhanced the accumulation of organic acids, water holding capacity, and antioxidant activity. The firmness of NPBY with 0.85 % TFPS increased from 187.77 × 10 -3  N to 259.90 × 10 -3  N, with significant enhancements in elastic modulus (G', G'') and apparent viscosity. Furthermore, the introduction of 0.85 % TFPS significantly improved liking scores in sensory evaluations. Microstructural analysis revealed that TFPS promoted the formation of proteins and oil body clusters, resulting in a more compact gel network. The synergetic effects of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions were identified as primary driving forces for NPBY gel formation. This study provides valuable insights into the role of natural polysaccharides in strengthening plant-based yogurt gel., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Herein, we prepared a new aerogel-based preservation pad using soy hull nanocellulose (SHNC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), whey protein isolate (WPI), and cinnamon essential oil (CEO) as raw materials. The physicochemicals of the aerogel preservation pads were studied, and their effects on beef preservation were evaluated. The results showed that the aerogel monomers were crosslinked by hydrogen, ester bonds, and electrostatic interactions in the aerogels, and there were three-dimensional pores in the aerogels. Meanwhile, SHNC/PVA/WPI/CEO-3 (aerogel prepared using 2 g of SHNC) exhibited excellent mechanical properties (elongation: 251 %; tensile strength: 33.97 MPa) and super-high absorption performance. Additionally, the aerogel displayed excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties (83.74 %). The preservation experiment showed that, at 4 °C, the aerogel preservation pad inhibited the growth and reproduction of bacteria on the surface of beef, inhibited lipid oxidation, effectively preserved the color of beef, and extended the shelf life of beef from 4 to 12 days., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

This study investigated the antioxidant potential of Bene hull methanolic extract (BHME) in mitigating lipid oxidation in vegetable oils across four systems (oil-in-water emulsions and bulk oils, both with and without Fe +2 ). The BHME's free radical-scavenging assay and ferric reducing abilities were compared with natural (α-tocopherol, CEX) and synthetic (BHT) antioxidants. The research analyzed different BHME concentrations (0, 400, 800, and 1600 ppm) and evaluated the effects of storage time on lipid oxidation, monitored through Peroxide Value (PV) and Carbonyl Value (CV) measurements. An array of statistical analyses, including ANOVA and a robust Support Vector Machine (SVM) model were employed to predict oxidation dynamics. The findings revealed that BHME demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, comparable to BHT, with both showing similar IC50 values (7.59 μg/ml and 7.45 μg/ml, respectively. In emulsions, PV increased 2.5 times at 800 ppm and 13 times at 1600 ppm compared to bulk oils. The presence of Fe +2 led to a 40 % higher PV in emulsions. CV values rose by 35 and 56 units at 800 and 1600 ppm, respectively, and increased six fold over the storage period. The SVM model showed high predictive accuracy, with R 2 values exceeding 0.97. Response surface graphs indicated that storage time had a more pronounced effect on PV and CV than antioxidant concentration. This study highlights BHME's potential as an effective natural antioxidant, particularly in bulk oils, and demonstrates the utility of SVM for analyzing lipid oxidation. These findings provide valuable insights for improving the oxidative stability and shelf life of lipid-based food products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Anthocyanins (ACNs) exhibit various physiological activities but have low bioavailability. This study aimed to improve cellular uptake and permeability of ACNs by utilizing phenolic acids grafted zein and lecithin (ZLAs) as the carrier. With the highest grafting rate achieved in rosmarinic acid (RA)-zein at 39.79 ± 0.40 % using alkali treatment, the grafted zein samples were characterized through spectroscopy, NMR, and analysis of physicochemical properties. Ferulic acid (FA)-ZLAs exhibited the smallest particle size (69.72 ± 0.50 nm) and PDI value of 0.206 ± 0.012. Multi-spectroscopy indicated hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces were the major forces to stabilize ACNs. Moreover, carrier binding including electrostatic interaction effectively enhanced processing, thermal degradation, color, and gastrointestinal stability. In Caco-2 monolayers, FA-ZLAs significantly improved cellular transport efficiency, resulting in up to a 1.9-fold enhancement. RA-ZLAs exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. This work proposes a feasible strategy for stabilizing ACNs and propelling their use in dietary supplements., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Although the health benefits of chrysanthemums have been widely studied, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding Taihang chrysanthemum (Opisthopappus taihangensis). This study compared indoor shade drying, heat drying and freeze drying on the chemical profile and health-related activities of O. taihangensis. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and other assays were used to evaluate changes in composition and antioxidant, antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities. Different drying methods significantly affected compositions and bioactivities of O. taihangensis. Lipids, phenylpropanoids and polyketides were the most abundant. Freeze-drying maintained bioactive compounbds like phenylpropanoids and superior antioxidant activities. Freeze-dried O. taihangensis also displayed robust antibacterial activity against Streptococcus hemolyticus-β and effective inhiition of pancreatic lipase. These results suggest O. taihangensis is a useful source of functional compounds., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study investigated how substituting NaCl with KCl affects the oxidative stability of O/W emulsions by influencing the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the distribution of lipid hydroperoxides and antioxidants. Substituting 1 % NaCl with 1 % KCl changed the CMC of CTAB significantly but not with 171 mM KCl (the same molar concentration with 1 % NaCl). Based on weight, substituting NaCl with KCl changed the formation of lipid hydroperoxides in emulsions by decreasing emulsifier micelles in the aqueous phase. TBARS levels were reduced by substituting NaCl with KCl, indicating a reduced prooxidant effect of salt. Emulsions containing antioxidants showed different oxidation trends by KCl substitution, indicating that the type and concentration of both salts and antioxidants are essential for the overall lipid oxidation of O/W emulsions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The consumption of Chinese quince is hindered by the lack of suitable processing method. Vacuum-frying technology, as an efficient processing method, can help address this issue. However, the effect of vacuum frying on the structure and activity of bioactive components in Chinese quince, such as proanthocyanidins, is currently unknown. In this study, Chinese quince was vacuum fried at 70 °C-100 °C. Proanthocyanidins were extracted, characterized, and analyzed for their bioactivity. Results revealed that increasing the vacuum-frying temperature decreased the total proanthocyanidin content. Vacuum frying reduced samples' degrees of polymerization. Proanthocyanidin extracts vacuum fried at 70 °C exhibited the greatest antioxidant capacity. Proanthocyanidin extracts vacuum fried at 80 °C demonstrated pronounced hypoglycemic potential. These results show that vacuum frying can reduce the degree of polymerization of Chinese quince proanthocyanidins while enhancing their antioxidant activity and retaining their hypoglycemic capacity. This study offers valuable insights for the development of functional foods using Chinese quince., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Black rice (BR) extract contains several functional food bioactive components that are health-promoting. This study assessed the multifunctional bioactivities of various BR extracts (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and aqueous). These BR extracts revealed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. Acetone extract exhibited high cytotoxicity against gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS), while ethanol extract was cytotoxic against pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1). Moreover, the acetone extract induced 33.6 % and 16.5 % apoptosis in PANC-1 and AGS cells, respectively. Acetone extract showed significant anti-inflammatory action, reducing 76 % production of nitric oxide in the RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage). Furthermore, all BR extracts inhibited PANC-1 and AGS migration and promoted RAW 264.7 migration. Field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis of the BR-polyhydroxybutyrate composite revealed successful deposition for BR extracts. This study highlights the potential of BR extracts to develop multifunctional activity-based strips for rapid wound healing., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The structure-function relationship of gastrointestinal tract digestion-derived fish maw peptides remains largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the active sites and cellular bioactivities of these peptides through molecular docking (MD), density functional theory (DFT) computations, in silico bioinformatic analysis, and in cellulo Caco-2 cell studies. In silico screening identified 29 non-toxic, non-allergenic, and water-soluble peptides. Seven peptides exhibited favorable binding to the Keap1-Kelch (2FLU) and TNF-α (2AZ5) proteins. Specifically, peptides WIDPNQG, GFPGER, and FLLFRQ demonstrated the highest electron affinities and smallest HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, suggesting strong free-radical scavenging potential. Both DFT and ex situ MD confirmed the active sites of the seven peptides. The guanidinium group was the dominant active site on six peptides. The isolated peptides improved cellular redox balance, reduced malonaldehyde, and suppressed inflammatory cytokines. This study confirmed DFT computations as a novel tool for elucidating the structure-function relationship of food-derived peptides., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Valorizing neglected crop byproducts through eco-friendly techniques has gained attention as underutilized crops offer new sources of bioactive components. This study examined the chemical composition, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities in six fractions of the underutilized chayote (Sechium edule). Each fraction was microwave-dried and extracted with ultrasound assistance. Shoots were high in ash and fiber, while pulp had high moisture and carbohydrates, and seeds were rich in fat and protein. Shoots, leaves, roots, and peels had high mineral levels, particularly Ca, K, Mg, P, Fe, and Zn. Shoots were also high in phenolics, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid, while leaves had a high carotenoid content. Polyphenol compounds such as myricetin and catechin were abundant in shoots, which exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Chayote shoots, roots, and leaves are abundant in bioactive compounds that can be utilized in food and, therefore, offers an opportunity for utilization of a currently neglected plant byproduct., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Antioxidant activity, as a topic of current interest, is discussed together with the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process for three flavonoid derivatives, based on density functional theory (DFT)and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods, as well as DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The potential energy curves and transition states demonstrate that the three molecules can undergo only single proton transfer in the excited state, and all of them are ultrafast ESIPT processes. The absorption spectra of all the molecules show effective protection against UV radiation with low fluorescence intensity, especially Baicalein (Bai), which demonstrates their great potential for sunscreen applications. The density of states, HOMO energy values, global and local indices reveal that the antioxidant activity of the molecules after ESIPT process is enhanced, with Bai having the highest antioxidant activity, which is significantly attributed to the number and position of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Moreover, by comparing the DPPH free radical scavenging activity under the dark and UV radiation conditions, the radical scavenging activity (RSA) value in the UV radiation is remarkably higher than that in the dark condition, in which Bai achieves RSA value of 93.4%. Overall, the antioxidant activity of all three ESIPT-based flavonoid derivatives, especially Bai, is significantly elevated in the keto* form, which reinforces the significant relationship between antioxidant activity and ESIPT process, and provides new application prospects for molecules with ESIPT properties., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Resveratrol (RES) is an important functional substance with multiple active properties. However, RES is susceptible to natural environmental conditions that reduce its bioactivity. To improve the bioavailability of RES, in this study, Catechin and Fe 3+ /Ca 2+ were selected to form supramolecules, which were then coated on the surface of hydrophobic RES nanoparticles (RES NPs) to create composite RES NPs. The obtained composite RES NPs demonstrated higher antioxidant capacity and better photo-thermal stability than RES NPs. Additionally, a pectin (PE) dietary gel was designed as a delivery carrier for RES. The results showed that the incorporation of composite RES NPs not only endowed the gels with significant dietary activity but also enhanced the texture, water retention capacity and hydrophobicity. After 28 days of storage, the retention rate of RES could be maintained above 90 % in the dietary gels. Meanwhile, the controlled release of RES was achieved in in vitro simulated digestion., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Natural polysaccharides with excellent biocompatibility are considered ideal materials for repairing diabetic foot ulcer. However, diabetic foot ulcer is often accompanied by decreased muscle function, even resulting in muscle atrophy. During wound repair, monitoring muscle function at the wound site in real time can identify the decreased muscle strength timely, which is crucial for precise wound rehabilitation. Nevertheless, the majority of hydrogels are primarily utilized for wound healing and lack the capability for electromyography monitoring. Here, we designed a multinetwork hydrogel composed of astragalus polysaccharide, chitosan, and sodium alginate and internally embedded conductive PPy-PDA-MnO 2 nanoparticles (P-NPs) loaded with resveratrol (Res) for wound repair and muscle function assessment. The intrinsic hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory properties of astragalus polysaccharides, combined with the antioxidative and proangiogenic functions of Res, synergistically facilitate wound healing. The multinetwork structure affords the hydrogel excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, the addition of conductive NPs not only improves the mechanical performance of the hydrogel but also confers electrical conductivity. The conductive hydrogel acts as an epidermal electrode which can be utilized for monitoring of electromyography signals. This novel approach for treating diabetic wounds ultimately achieves improved wound repair and muscle function assessment, carrying out a monitoring-guided safe and accurate wound repair., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Ultrasonic-assisted supramolecular deep eutectic solvents (SUPRADESs) extraction of active ingredients from plants is a novel green extraction method. In this study, a series of SUPRADESs combined with cyclodextrins (CDs) and organic acids or polyols were synthesized and used to extract the tea polyphenols (TP). SUPRADESs, consisting of Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and L-lactic acid (LA) with a mass ratio of 1:5, contributed to achieving the maximum extraction efficiency of TP. Then, the extraction rate was optimized by different experimental conditions, and the optimal extraction yield of TP was (111.36 ± 2.31 mg/g). Then, the biofilms were successfully prepared using HP-β-CD/LA extract as a plasticizer for polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of extract and film containing TP was determined using biochemical kits. Finally, the synthesis process of HP-β-CD/LA and the TP extraction were investigated using molecular simulation. The findings indicate that enhanced TP yield could be attributed to an increase in non-covalent bonds between HP-β-CD and TP through the assistance of LA., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Natural polysaccharides derived from Hemerocallis citrina Baroni exhibit significant biological activity. To enhance extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity, ultrasonic-assised plasma-activated water (PAW) was utilized to extract polysaccharides from Hemerocallis citrina Baroni. PAW demonstrated enhanced permeability and diffusion capabilities due to a reduced percentage of fully hydrogen-bonded structures, along with optimal pH (3.4) and conductivity (157.20 μS/cm). Compared to other methods, PAW significantly improved the extraction efficiency of polysaccharides to 38.24 %. Hemerocallis citrina Baroni polysaccharides predominantly consisted of α-pyranose sugars with sugar uronic acids, and ultrasound-assisted PAW did not alter their major functional groups. The extracted Hemerocallis citrina Baroni polysaccharides exhibited a semi-rigid triple-helical structure. Importantly, these polysaccharides displayed strong antioxidant activity, with ABTS + , DPPH, and O 2 - radical scavenging rates of 66.31 %, 65.98 %, and 47.73 % respectively. This study provides an effective method for extracting natural plant polysaccharides and offers valuable insights into their potential applications in the food industry and beyond., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Although the impact of postharvest melatonin (MLT) application in extending the storage life of horticultural produce has been widely studied, its effect in jackfruit remains unknown. This investigation evaluates the influence of MLT dip application (0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM) on browning, softening and oxidative stress in cold-stored jackfruit bulbs over a period of 20d. All MLT treatments reduced browning index and oxidative stress, while activities of browning-related enzymes were comparatively lower in the 0.1 mM MLT treatment. Treatment with 0.2 mM MLT maintained elevated levels of antioxidants as compared to control. Higher bulb firmness, total pectin and cellulose content with considerably lower activities of cell wall degrading enzymes were observed in all MLT treatments. In conclusion, MLT (0.1 and 0.2 mM) is an effective treatment for mitigating postharvest browning and oxidative stress in addition to delaying fruit softening and maintaining the antioxidant potential of cold-stored jackfruit bulbs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Following our previous discovery that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LCC-605 secreted spherical exopolysaccharide nanoparticles (EPS-605 NPs), which may contribute to the quality, function, and stability of the fermented yoghurt. We thus prepared the fermented skim milk with strain LCC-605 (Y-605) and investigated the functions and metabolic changes of Y-605. Y-605 showed excellent antioxidant activities with DPPH, ABTS + , and hydroxyl scavenging ability of 90.6 ± 0.1 %, 96.1 ± 0.2 %, and 99.3 ± 0.4 %, respectively, and cholesterol-lowering ability up to 39.9 %. After storage for 7 days, the bacterial count reached 10.9 log CFU/mL. EPS production significantly improved the water holding capacity (71.7 ± 0.5 %), and the texture of the yoghurt. Untargeted metabolomic analysis further revealed significant metabolomic differences between skim milk and Y-605, validating the beneficial mechanism of Y-605. This study develops a novel probiotic for producing functional yoghurts and provides the basis for understanding the beneficial mechanism of Y-605., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the work was not influenced by competing financial interests or personal relationships., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

To achieve effective long-term synergistic treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with probiotics, we developed a versatile inulin/trans-ferulic acid/silk sericin nanoparticles-nourished probiotic complex. Inulin/TFA/SS nanoparticles were fabricated by inulin, trans-ferulic acid (TFA), and silk sericin (SS), and then loaded onto the surface of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and poly-glutamic acid (PGA)-coated Bifidobacterium longum (BL) to obtain BL@PLL-PGA-Inulin/TFA/SS NPs (BL@PP-NPs). This design simultaneously endowed the complex with excellent gastrointestinal resistance, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation abilities. Moreover, the inulin in the nanoparticles acts as a prebiotic, promoting the Bifidobacterium's rapid proliferation to exert effects within a short period. Compared with uncoated BL, BL@PP-NPs exhibited excellent gastric acid tolerance and up to 31.32-fold colonic colonization, and the ROS scavenging and proliferative capacity were increased by 5.61- and 1.39-fold, respectively. In a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)- and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, the components of Inulin/TFA/SS NPs synergized with probiotics to efficiently treat IBD by attenuating oxidative stress, decreasing inflammation, repairing intestinal barrier, and promoting the rapid proliferation of probiotics to reverse gut microbial disorders. Collectively, food-grade BL@PP-NPs represent a novel approach to probiotic modification that offers an effective, safe, and synergistic therapy for IBD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Cold liquid stabulation aims to extract valuable compounds from grape lees before juice clarification. In this study, 7, 14, and 21 days of lees contact were tested on aroma-neutral 'Arneis' and 'Cortese' grape juices vs control. Basic parameters, colour, polyphenols, antioxidant capacity, and volatile organic compounds were assessed throughout winemaking. Wine sensory analysis was performed. The produced wines did not differ in terms of colour and show limited differences in polyphenols, not influencing astringency and bitterness. Variety and treatment length influenced free and glycosylated volatile organic compounds. Free terpenes increased in the 21-day treated 'Arneis' wine (+67 %). Lower free esters in 'Arneis' with 14 days of stabulation were found (-10 %). On the contrary, higher values of individual esters were found in 14 and 21-day treated 'Cortese' wines, but these showed lower free C6 (-12 %) and sulphur compounds (-23 % and - 24 %, respectively), and higher overall wine quality with respect to non-stabulated wine., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The challenge of preserving food quality without relying on harmful antioxidants requires the exploration of natural alternatives, such as chia-derived peptides (YACLKVK, KLKKNL, KLLKKYL, and KKLLKI). The antioxidant properties and stability to processing were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS, iron-reducing, ORAC, and copper chelating assays. The effects of autoclaving, heat treatment with glucose, and ultrasound on the antioxidant activity of the top-performing peptide were examined. YACLKVK displayed the highest antioxidant response with 87.25 ± 2.47 %, 93.65 ± 0.79 %, 0.418 ± 0.018 abs, 44.06 ± 0.78 μM TE/mL, and 86.49 ± 0.12 % in the DPPH, ABTS, iron-reducing capacity, ORAC, and copper chelating assays at 800 μg/mL (DPPH) and 1000 μg/mL, respectively. Autoclaving, heat, and ultrasound treatments reduced YACLKVK's DPPH scavenging to 63.09 ± 0.44 % and 74.15 ± 0.27 % and its Cu chelating capacity to 58.98 ± 1.28 %. YACLKVK retained over 50 % of its antioxidant capacity post-processing. These findings suggest its application as a potent natural antioxidant in food systems, particularly in processed foods where oxidation affects shelf life and quality. Incorporating YACLKVK could enhance food preservation, aligning with consumer preferences for natural-origin ingredients. Studies on commercial scalability, safety, and regulatory compliance will be essential for its widespread adoption in the food industry., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study investigates the integration of Broadband Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (BBCEAS) with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to detect synthetic antioxidants; BHA, BHT, and TBHQ in the deep-UV region below 300 nm. The research addresses the need for more sensitive and cost-effective detection methods in HPLC systems, particularly for low analyte concentrations, by exploring BBCEAS as a superior alternative to conventional detectors that often fall short in sensitivity. The sensitivity of the HPLC-BBCEAS system is assessed by calculating the minimum detectable change in the absorption coefficient (αmin) and comparing with those obtained using conventional HPLC and single-wavelength HPLC-CRDS methods. The findings demonstrate that the HPLC-BBCEAS system achieves αmin values of 1.8 × 10 -5  cm -1 for BHA, 2.8 × 10 -5  cm -1 for BHT, and 1.9 × 10 -5  cm -1 for TBHQ at 280 nm, with Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ) up to 30 times lower than conventional HPLC systems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors state that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the research presented in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study aims to investigate the impact of sunflower petal extract (SFE) on the functional and structural properties of sodium caseinate and chickpea proteins. For this purpose, 3.5 % of sodium caseinate solution and 3.5 % of protein extracted from chickpea powder were prepared in phosphate buffer (pH = 7). SFE was used at different concentrations, from 1 to 3 % in different protein solutions and functional, structural and rheological properties were measured. The results revealed that complexation of SFE with different proteins can enhance the antioxidant, foaming properties, solubility, emulsion activity, emulsion stability, viscoelastic behavior, and can decrease surface hydrophobicity. FTIR and docking results showed that the most bonding type was non-covalent bonds. Major phenolic compounds containing heliannone A, B, and kaempferol had strong affinity with sodium caseinate, and then chickpea protein. Therefore, the results demonstrated that SFE and its complexes had appropriate emulsifying properties that reduces interfacial tension in the water/oil interface., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study explores the binding properties of two important constituents from Crocus sativus L (crocin and crocetin) with myosin, examining their influence on antioxidant capacity in myosin and a grilled meat model. And their impact on cytoprotective potential of myosin digestion products was also assessed in Caco-2 cells. Crocin and crocetin exhibited discernible binding affinity to myosin via static quenching, which induced conformational alterations that bolstered the antioxidant capacity of myosin, preventing peroxidation, which also corroborated in a grilled meat model. Crocin resulted in greater enhancement of antioxidant capacity and binding affinity, as confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the stable binding of crocin to GLU:272, GLU:606, GLN:628, and PHE:417 residues of myosin. In addition, crocin substantially enhanced the protective efficacy of myosin digestion products against H 2 O 2 -induced damage in Caco-2 cells by upregulating superoxide dismutase and GSH-Px and simultaneously downregulating reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The food industry is increasingly turning to microalgae pigments as natural functional colourants to replace potentially harmful synthetic dyes. Among those, phycobiliproteins offer deep and vibrant colours with bioactivities, showing to be a promising alternative. However, incorporating them into a food matrix can be challenging due to their inherent instability, low bioavailability, and off-flavours. Accordingly, the present work aimed to prepare microparticles of phycocyanin (PC MP ) and of an ultrasound-assisted phycoerythrin-rich extract from Porphyridium purpureum (PE MP ) to improve these natural colourants' stability and functional properties. The microparticles were prepared by Nano spray-drying using inulin and gum Arabic as coating materials, resulting in particles with high yield, encapsulation efficiency (from 69 % to 80 %), solubility, and colour retention. Combining inulin and gum Arabic allowed the formation of smaller and more homogeneous particles with increased antioxidant potential when compared to using inulin alone. Moreover, gum Arabic improved the bioaccessibility of PE MP from 35 % to 51 %, demonstrating the potential of this microparticle formulation to enhance the stability and functionality of phycobiliproteins., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This research was conducted to determine how the altitude difference affects the fruit quality in sweet cherries by using different cultivars (Kordia, Regina, Sweetheart, and 0900 Ziraat) grown at two different altitudes (200 m, 800 m) in Eskişehir (Türkiye) for two consecutive years. Malic acid and chlorogenic acid, which stood out as the major organic acid and phenolic, respectively were found to be at 9039.17 mg·L -1 and 64.88 mg·L -1 , respectively, at low altitude, positively affected and increased to 9309.58 mg·L -1 and 66.99 mg·L -1 with altitude increase. Kordia came to the fore with its high and stable performance at both altitudes. Low pH in the fruit is critical for promoting phytochemical accumulation and antioxidant activity. Molecular docking simulations revealed how malic acid and chlorogenic acid would bind with furin, pointing to possible antioxidant effects. Farmers and researchers are expected to benefit from the obtained results during cultivar selection and scientific research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The author declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Sea buckthorn is rich in active ingredients, widespread, and has both medicinal and nutritional value. The present comparative study of wild and cultivated species remains insufficient, which is not conducive to their quality control. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the differences of 21 sea buckthorn samples in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), phenolic components content, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant capacity and the fatty acid, to investigate the quality differences of different varieties. The TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity of wild varieties were higher than those of the cultivated. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed large differences in phenolic content, with higher levels of gallic acid and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidin in the wild, whereas the cultivated were characterized by narcissin and kaempferol. These findings provided the scientific basis for the improvement of quality evaluation standards for different varieties and offered new insights for the further development of sea buckthorn resources., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Full-thickness burn wounds in diabetes often present significant challenges in terms of timely progression of healing and even mortality. Multifunctional dressings that possess strong absorptivity and mechanical property while effectively regulating inflammation and promoting angiogenesis is therefore crucial. We have developed a novel sponge (CCGE) comprising carboxymethyl chitosan, gelatin, and glycerin for the purpose of promoting accelerated healing of scald wounds in diabetic rats. This sponge is loaded with epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The incorporation of the crosslinker BDDE reinforces its mechanical characteristics by augmenting the interplay between the sponge structure through hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding. Moreover, the crosslinked sponges provide a highly absorptive layer, carboxymethyl chitosan show good biocompatibility and angiogenic effects, and the gelatin provide matrix metalloproteinases-9 targeting. The CCGE sponges exhibit high biocompatibility, facilitate fibroblast migration, and promote tube formation. The application of the CCGE sponges significantly accelerates wound healing of full-thickness scald wounds in diabetic rats, exhibits enhanced collagen synthesis, reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased blood vessel formation within the wounded area. In summary, this study presents a multifunctional composite CCGE sponge dressing that effectively modulates ROS, inflammation, and angiogenesis to facilitate comprehensive burn wound tissue repair in diabetes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A new multifunctional emulsifier was synthesized by coupling maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of 19 to vitamin E succinate. Two emulsifiers with varying degrees of vitamin E succinate substitution were prepared based on different mass ratios of vitamin E succinate to maltodextrin. The molecular structure and purity of these emulsifiers were analyzed. Nanoemulsions were prepared using octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch as a control to investigate the physical stability, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stability, and in vitro simulated digestive properties of the nanoemulsions. The emulsifying and antioxidant activity of the maltodextrin-vitamin E succinate conjugate was significantly superior to that of octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch, demonstrating good physical and oxidative stability. Additionally, they were rapidly digested under simulated small intestinal conditions. This new emulsifier shows broad application potential for the encapsulation, protection, and delivery of hydrophobic bioactive substances in the fields of medicine, food, and healthcare products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Owing to the hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and other beneficial bioactivities of Moringa oleifera seeds (MOS), the antioxidant activities and physicochemical characteristics of deproteinized polysaccharides extracted using hot water (MSWP) and alkali (MSAP) from MOS were systematically studied. MSAP exhibited higher antioxidant activity than MSWP in vitro. Subsequently, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated after oral administration of MSAP in diabetic rats. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in serum antioxidant parameters. The two polysaccharides were then purified and characterized. The molecular weights of purified fractions MSAP3 and MSWP1 were 4.582 × 10 4  Da and 1.9058 × 10 5  Da, respectively; the content of uronic acid in MSAP3 was higher than that in MSWP1; and both compounds presented typical infrared spectral absorption peaks of polysaccharides. In conclusion, MSAP exhibits superior antioxidant properties that depend on its structural characteristics, and this study provides data support for further elucidation of the hypoglycemic mechanism of MSAP., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Bioactive compounds in food offer health benefits by influencing cellular and physiological functions. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor to neurotransmitters like melatonin and serotonin, regulates mood and circadian rhythms. However, its quantification in mushrooms is scarce studied. An eco-friendly ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method has been optimized to quantify tryptophan using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array and fluorescence detector (UHPLC-DAD-Fl). Tryptophan levels were determined in 26 wild mushroom samples of the genus Lactarius and Boletus. The concentrations ranged from 0.042 mg/g to 0.742 mg/g. The extracts' health benefits were assessed for antioxidant capacity using DPPH (17.7 % - 71.6 %) and ABTS (7.2 % - 24.9 %) methods, while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity ranged from 13.1 % to 49.8 %. Promising results were obtained. Hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrated a correlation between tryptophan concentration, mushroom species, location, and extract properties, highlighting tryptophan's crucial role in these mushrooms' health benefits., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The aim of the study was to analyze the potential health-promoting and nutritional components of leaves and figs from several Spanish varieties of Ficus carica L. The study focused to identify (by LC-PDA-QTof/MS) and quantify (by UPLC-PDA-FL) various components including carotenoids, chlorophylls, tocols, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins. Besides, the sugar profile, the antioxidant capacity (ORAC, FRAP and ABTS) and the in vitro hypoglycaemic potential via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. The leaves were found to have significant antioxidant properties. This is attributed to their high content of carotenoids (3170.77-6763.77 mg/ 100 g dm), chlorophylls (405.58-744.23 mg/ 100 g dm), tocols (59.35-115.61 mg/ 100 g dm), and polyphenols (1150.34 mg/100 g dm). Additionally, figs presented greater sources of amino acids (725.07 mg/100 g dm) and exhibited higher anti-diabetic activity than leaves. Figs of "Cuello Dama Negra" variety presented the highest content of anthocyanins (108.22 mg/100 g dm). The study suggests that incorporating these vegetal materials into another food matrix could have potential health benefits, especially in terms of antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to explore the antioxidant capacity and mechanism of cyclic peptide [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 (CLB) and its oxidized form ([1-9-NαC],[1-MetO]-linusorb B2 (CLC),[1-9-NαC],[1-MetO2]-linusorb B2 (CLK)) in flaxseed oil (FSO). The results showed that CLB delayed the oxidation of FSO (containing Cu 2+ ) in the initial stage of accelerated oxidation, whereas CLK accelerated the oxidation, leading to an increase of 25 % in AV and 33 % in POV (P < 0.05). In molecular docking, the binding ability of cyclic peptides to metal ions and intermediate oxidative products such as aldehydes tends to decrease when CLB oxidized to CLC, then CLK. CLK had the poorest binding capacity with the most serious oxidation on FSO. In conclusion, the antioxidant capacities of CLB and its oxidized form were contributed by their reducing ability as well as their binding ability to metal ions and intermediate oxidative products of fatty acids., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Powdered samples of guava pulp and processing by-products (single fraction containing crushed seeds, peels, and residual pulp) are rich sources of polyphenols with antidiabetic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and anticancer potential. However, post-digestion retention of these bioactivities remains unclear. Therefore, these samples were subjected to in vitro digestion simulating oral, gastric, small intestine, and large intestine phases. Phenolic bioaccessibility was highest upon large intestinal digestion for pulp (62.04 %) and waste (22.49 %), while the lowest occurred in the oral and small intestinal phases. Digestion reduced their antiradical activity and ability to inhibit α-glucosidase (42.42-55.84 %) but enhanced pancreatic lipase inhibition (up to 82.82 %). Digested samples could better suppress oxidative damage to LDL-cholesterol and supercoiled DNA. Phenolic acids and ellagitannins were released after gastric digestion, while proanthocyanidins predominated in intestinal phases. Digestion altered the phenolic composition of samples, positively affecting several bioactivities. Further research should investigate metabolization of polyphenols across intestinal cells to establish bioavailability., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Kochiae Fructus, the ripe fruit of Kochia scoparia, is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used to treat eye discomforts and vision problems. Although Kochiae Fructus is mentioned in many classical Chinese medical texts, its protective effects and the roles of its active phytochemicals in eye treatment still lack scientific exploration., Aim of the Study: This study aimed to clarify the protective effects and identify the active fractions and compounds of Kochiae Fructus against oxidative stress-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell death., Materials and Methods: Liquid-liquid partitioning was employed to prepare active fractions. Silica gel, RP-18, and Sephadex™ LH-20 gels were used as stationary phases to purify the compounds through column chromatography. Cell models were established by treating ARPE-19 (RPE cell line) with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), respectively., Results: The methanol aqueous fraction from ethyl acetate-soluble extract (KSEM) alleviated oxidant-induced RPE cell death in a dose-dependent manner and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, a critical defense mechanism against oxidative damage. The isolated flavonols in fraction KSEM, hyperoside, quercetin, and kaempferol, reduced oxidant-induced cell mortality, with quercetin showing the strongest effect. Moreover, combination treatment revealed that hyperoside and kaempferol synergistically enhanced the protective effects of quercetin, making the combined treatment more efficient than quercetin alone., Conclusions: The protective effects of Kochiae Fructus against oxidative damage in RPE cell was validated with the KSEM fraction. The compound quercetin was identified as the important contributor. However, the synergistic effect of the hyperoside, quercetin, and kaempferol mixture may play a dominant role in the protective action of Kochiae Fructus. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of Kochiae Fructus and its flavonol mixture as a basis for developing treatments targeting ocular diseases associated with oxidative damage in retina., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Flavonoids, a type of natural polyphenolic molecule, have garnered significant research interest due to their ubiquitous nature and diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects, making them appealing to various scientific disciplines. In this regard, the use of a flavonoid nanoparticle delivery system is to overcome low bioavailability, bioactivity, poor aqueous solubility, systemic absorption, and intensive metabolism. Therefore, this review summarizes the classification of nanoparticles (liposomes, polymeric, and solid lipid nanoparticles) and the advantages of using nanoparticle-flavonoid formulations to boost flavonoid bioavailability. Moreover, this review illustrated the pioneering biomedical applications of nanoparticle-based flavonoid therapeutics, as well as safety and toxicity considerations of using a flavonoid nanoparticle delivery system., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The coamorphous formulations have attracted increasing interest due to enhanced solubility and bioavailability, together with synergistic pharmacological effects. In this study, a ternary coamorphous system of polyphenols was successfully prepared, wherein baicalein (Bai) and resveratrol (Res) were constructed into a single-phase coamorphous system mediated by piperine (Pip). FTIR and ss 13 C NMR spectra together with quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation suggested Pip as a molecular bridge connected Bai and Res molecules through π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. The configuration of coamorphous Bai-Pip-Res could minimize the system energy to facilitate its formation and enhance the stability. The ternary system showed 3.2, 4.3 and 5.3-fold increase in apparent solubilities of Bai, Res and Pip, and maintained the peak concentrations for at least 24 h. Compared to binary coamorphous systems, the ternary system exhibited superior physical stability under temperature and humidity conditions. Furthermore, coamorphous Bai-Pip-Res exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity, significant antioxidant ability and synergistic anti-inflammatory effect. This work offers a promising strategy to construct a ternary coamorphous delivery system with enhanced pharmaceutical properties by incorporating a molecular bridge, especially for components with the lack of intermolecular interactions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Guettarda viburnoides, "veludinho do campo," is traditionally used for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions in humans; however, only one scientific study has reported this effect in an ear inflammatory model. Therefore, it is necessary to explore other in vivo models and the chemical composition of this medicinal plant., Aim of the Study: A chemical investigation of methanolic extract of G. viburnoides (MEGV) (leaves) led to the isolation of secoxyloganin (GV-1). In addition, the preclinical safety of MEGV (in acute and subacute toxicological models, gavage = p.o.), antioxidants of MEGV, ethyl acetate (EAFGV) and hydromethanolic (HMFGV) fractions were tested using free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation methodologies, and the anti-inflammatory effects of MEGV, HMFGV and GV-1 (p.o.) were evaluated on carrageenan and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) models of inflammation in mice., Materials and Methods: MEGV was obtained from air-dried leaves by maceration with methanol at room temperature. MEGV was then purified by liquid-liquid partitioning, to obtain the EAFGV and HMFGV fractions. Purification of HMFGV afforded GV-1. The quantification of total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, and condensed tannins was subsequently performed for MEGV. The antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and oxidation of β-carotene were evaluated in MEGV and its fractions. The anti-inflammatory activity of MEGV (3, 30, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) was assayed in carrageenan-induced models, followed by assessments of MEGV (100 mg/kg, p.o.), HMFGV (3 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) and GV-1 (3 mg/kg, p.o.) in CFA-induced models in mice (including paw oedema, mechanical allodynia and cold sensitivity). Acute (14 days of MEGV, 2000 mg/kg, p.o.) and subacute (28 days, MEGV 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) toxicity was assessed in female Swiss mice., Results: The major compound was secoxyloganin (GV-1). The oral acute toxicity test of MEGV revealed no evidence of toxicity, indicating low toxicity according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. In the subacute toxicity group, no clinical signs of toxicity or changes in body weight, water consumption, food consumption, or organ weight or morphology were observed after 28 days of gavage with MEGV (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) compared with those in the control group. MEGV, EAFGV, and HMFGV showed significant free-radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation activities, with IC 50 values ≤ 26.38 ± 4.56 μg/mL. In in vivo anti-inflammatory assays, MEGV (3, 30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced carrageenan-induced oedema (2 and 4 h) and hyperalgesia (3 and 4 h). In the CFA model, MEGV (100 mg/kg), HMFGV (30 mg/kg) and GV-1 (3 mg/kg) reduced inflammation (at 3, 4 and 24 h) in all parameters (oedema, mechanical allodynia and cold sensitivity)., Conclusion: This study revealed that G. viburnoides has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and no toxicity was detected after acute or subacute gavage with MEGV, validating its traditional use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dipteryx alata Vogel., popularly known as "baru", is a native species of Brazilian cerrado used by "Ribeirinhos" in the North Araguaia microregion. In the traditional medicine, maceration of barks or leaves infusion are used to treat back and muscle pain, osteoporosis and rheumatism. However, few studies have demonstrated the pharmacological effects of this species., Aim of the Study: The goal of this study was to perform phytochemicals studies of lyophilized infusion of D. alata leaves (LI-DA), as well as obtaining ethyl acetate fraction (EAF-DA) and hydromethanolic fraction (HMF-DA), and isolated flavonoids. The antioxidant of LI-DA, EAF-DA and HMF-DA, anti-inflammatory effects of LI-DA and quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside (DA-1) and quercetin-7-O-α-rhamnoside (DA-2) were performed while in silico tests were used for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity predictions of DA-1 and DA-2., Materials and Methods: LI-DA, EAF-DA and HMF-DA were evaluated in antioxidant assays (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid - ABTS; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl - DPPH; hydrogen peroxide - H 2 O 2 ; reducing power and oxidation of β-carotene). The DA-1 and DA-2 were isolated from EAF-DA using chromatographic methods and characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The Programs ProTox 3.0 and ADMETlab 2.0 were used for the prediction studies of DA-1 and DA-2. Mice received a single dose of LI-DA (3, 30, and 100 mg/kg), DA-1 (3 mg/kg) and DA-2 (3 mg/kg) and were subjected to inflammation induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) and in the zymosan-induced articular inflammation model., Results: DA-1 and DA-2 have been identified for the first time in the leaves of D. alata. LI-DA, EAF-DA and HMF-DA demonstrated a high level of antioxidant activity as measured by ABTS (IC 50  ≤ 5.62 μg/mL) and DPPH (IC 50  ≤ 11.45 μg/mL). Oral administration of LI-DA (3, 30 and 100 mg/kg), DA-1 (3 mg/kg) and DA-2 (3 mg/kg) showed significantly reduced edema, cold and mechanical allodynia in the CFA-induced inflammation model (24 h). LI-DA (3, 30, and 100 mg/kg) and DA-1 (3 mg/kg) reduced leukocytes migration into the joint cavity, mechanical allodynia, edema and NO production in mice (24 h) in the zymosan-induced articular inflammation model. Additionally, DA-2 (3 mg/kg) reduced leukocyte migration and LI-DA (30 mg/kg) reduced protein exudation (24 h) in zymosan model. DA-1 and DA-2 showed good oral bioavailability and low toxicity predicted by the ProTox model., Conclusion: This is the first chemical and biological study performed of D. alata infusion and two quercetin glycoside derivatives. The results indicated promising potential for the treatment of inflammation, pain, and rheumatism, supporting the traditional use of the infusion obtained from the leaves of D. alata., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Skin aging, characterized by reduced elasticity, wrinkles, and changes in pigmentation, presents significant challenges in the cosmetics industry. Identifying compounds that can help mitigate these effects is crucial to developing effective anti-aging treatments and improving skin health. An advanced analytical approach for identifying skin anti-aging compounds within complex natural mixtures must be developed to achieve this. This study introduces a state-of-the-art methodology that combines High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and in vitro skin anti-aging spectrophotometry bioassays with regression multivariate analysis and molecular docking. The proposed methodology integrates spectrophotometric assays for tyrosinase inhibition (anti-pigmentation), elastase inhibition (anti-wrinkle), and radical scavenging capacity (DPPH • / ABTS • assays) with analytical signals obtained from HPTLC chromatograms using Partial Least Squares models (PLS). The PLS models for predicting elastase inhibition and antioxidative capacity showed high accuracy with minimal errors. This study introduces an innovative approach combining HPTLC profiling and PLS regression to identify single phenolic compounds/bands responsible for anti-aging effects. In addition, identified bioactives were submitted to molecular docking studies to elucidate the enzyme inhibition mechanisms of elastase and confirm our approach. This integrated, simple, cost-effective, and high-throughput approach represents a significant advancement in the discovery of anti-aging compounds, with promising implications for future skincare and therapeutic applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

As a complicated neurodegenerative disorder with several clinical hallmarks, Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires multi-target treatment medicines to address multiple elements of disease progression. In this study, we reported two novel series of compounds: benzofuran-based donepezil analogs (9a-i) and their pyrazole-based counterparts (11a-i) as potential dual inhibitors of AChE and BuChE with additional antioxidant properties, aiming to address multiple pathological aspects of AD simultaneously. The design strategy employed bioisosteric replacement, substituting donepezil's indanone motif with a benzofuran ring in series (9a-i) to maintain crucial hydrogen bonding interactions with the Phe295 residue in the enzyme's active site. Subsequently, the benzofuran ring underwent cleavage, yielding pyrazole-tethered hydroxyphenyl derivatives (11a-i). The biological evaluation revealed that benzofuran-based derivative 9g exhibited exceptional efficacy against both AChE and BuChE, with IC 50 values of 0.39 and 0.51 μg/ml, respectively, although it lacked antioxidant activity. Compound 11f demonstrated dual inhibition of AChE (IC 50  = 1.24 μg/ml) and BuChE (IC 50  = 1.85 μg/ml) while also displaying strong DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC 50  = 3.15 μg/ml). In vivo toxicity studies on compound 11f revealed a favorable safety profile, with no signs of toxicity or adverse events in acute oral toxicity tests in male Wistar rats. Chronic administration of 11f resulted in negligible differences in blood profiles, hepatic enzymes, urea, creatinine, and albumin levels compared to the control group. Histopathological examination of hepatic and kidney tissues from treated rats showed normal histology without damage. In silico molecular docking analysis was performed to rationalize the design approaches and support the experimental findings. This study provides valuable insights into the development of multi-target compounds for potential Alzheimer's disease treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Here, using natural and biological macromolecules derived from Cydonia oblonga extract, we have developed a green protocol for the biogenic made Au NPs. Under ultrasonic activated conditions, the Cydonia oblonga phytomolecules were employed as an efficient green reducing agent for the Au 3+ ions to the Au 0 NPs. Additionally, by encapsulating or capping, they allowed the Au NPs to stabilize on their own. Several physicochemical techniques, such as elemental mapping, TEM, FE-SEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, EDS, and ICP-OES, were used to analyze the structure of the Au NPs/Cydonia oblonga bio-nanocomposite. The field of medicinal therapeutics pertaining to human health includes cancer treatment as a major component. Subsequently, the as prepared Au NPs/Cydonia oblonga bio-nanocomposite was investigated for antioxidant and human anti-oral cancer assays. In such studies a number of cell lines, viz., HSC-3, HSC-2, and Ca9-22 were used in determining the cytotoxicity. Notably, Au NPs/Cydonia oblonga exhibit significant anti-oral cancer properties against HSC-3, HSC-2, and Ca9-22 cancer cell lines following time and dose-dependent manner. The corresponding IC 50 values were determined as 201, 192, and 246 µg/mL respectively. DPPH radical scavenging method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of Au NPs/Cydonia oblonga bio-nanocomposite. The significant IC 50 value suggested the material having very good antioxidant potential. The anti-human oral cancer effect of our material is believed to be due to its antioxidant effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The development and enhancement of antioxidant drugs, which are aimed at mitigating DNA damage, mutations, and cancer, are of paramount significance in the biomedical sphere. In recent years, antioxidant drug molecules with photoluminescence have sprung up like mushrooms. Apigenin (AP), characterized by its distinctive property of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), plays a pivotal role in mediating antioxidant and anticancer activities. Despite being a representative molecule of the non-existent enol form (E*) state with ESIPT nature, there is a notable lack of theoretical investigations into its antioxidant properties. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methodologies were utilized to explore the effects of various functional groups on AP molecules in a methanol solvent. Studies have demonstrated that for the non-existent E* state fluorescence molecule AP, the ESIPT process can significantly enhance the antioxidant potency of AP and its derivatives. However, the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups significantly accelerated the ESIPT process while simultaneously suppressing the antioxidant activity of AP-CN. Conversely, the incorporation of electron-donating groups effectively inhibited the ESIPT process, yet markedly enhanced the antioxidant activity of AP-NH 2 . This investigation furnishes vital perspectives and sources of reference for the conception and advancement of groundbreaking antioxidant medications that aim to tackle non-existent E* state molecules., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Bifa cao reports financial support was provided by Tianjin Municipal Education Commission. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The carboxymethyl curdlan-quercetin conjugate (CMCD-QUE) was synthesized to stabilize curcumin (CUR) -loaded Pickering emulsions. The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and prebiotic activity of CMCD-QUE were investigated. The effects of different concentrations of CMCD-QUE on CUR-loaded emulsions were also explored. CMCD-QUE exhibited excellent antioxidant activity throughout in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The particle size and electrostatic repulsion of CMCD-QUE gradually increased with rising pH, indicating that CMCD-QUE was pH-responsive. CMCD-QUE exhibited prebiotic activity and specifically promoted the enrichment of Akkermansia. The droplet size of the CMCD-QUE stabilized emulsions became smaller and more uniform as the carrier concentration increased. A concentration of 5% CMCD-QUE could be stably adsorbed at the oil-water interface of the emulsion, which exhibited a maximum encapsulated efficiency (95.85%) of CUR. CMCD-QUE showed excellent antioxidant capacity, pH responsiveness, and prebiotic activity, making it a promising multifunctional emulsifier for colon-targeted delivery of functional ingredients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Adding value to food by-products, such as pumpkin seeds, is an important strategy for the complete utilization of plant foods and advancing sustainability goals. This study aimed to maximize the production of bioactive peptides from pumpkin seed protein (PSP) by combining ultrasonic (US) pretreatment (40 kHz, 23.8 W/L) with enzymatic hydrolysis. The PSP's structure after sonication and its effects on the commercial proteases (Brauzyn®, Flavourzyme®, Neutrase®) activity and degree of hydrolysis were studied. The hydrolysis consequences regarding solubility and antioxidant activity of the resulting peptides were also evaluated. Sonication of PSP increased enzymatic activity by up to 21.3 % for Brauzyn®, 24.8 % for Flavourzyme® and 19.2 % for Neutrase®. Consequently, there was an increase in the degree of hydrolysis (up to 89 %) using sonicated PSP, particularly at 60 min/40 °C. These effects can be attributed to ultrasound-induced protein conformation changes, including increased intrinsic fluorescence intensity (<22 %), shifts in UV spectra, and alterations in FTIR amide bands, especially a decrease in β-sheet content (<7.14 %). Additionally, ultrasonic pretreatment reduced particle size (<43.9 %) and polydispersity index (<58 %), enhancing enzyme accessibility by fragmenting protein aggregates, as observed via scanning electron microscopy. As a result, the peptides obtained from the hydrolysis of sonicated PSP exhibited higher protein solubility (12 % to 49 % at pH 6.0) and improved antioxidant activity (5.6 % to 77 %). Overall, sonication of PSP for 60 min at 40 °C followed by hydrolysis with Neutrase® proved to be the most effective strategy for producing highly soluble peptides with enhanced antioxidant properties, highlighting the potential of ultrasound as a valuable tool for optimizing bioactive peptide production. Based on these results, the developed process is ready for scale-up by the food industry, aiming to obtain protein hydrolysates with improved functional and/or nutritional properties from a low-cost raw material. In parallel, further researches can focus on the potential application of these hydrolysates as ingredients in bakery, meet or dairy products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study applied high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment to buffalo milk casein to assess the influence of different pressure levels on its structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and functional properties. The results showed that although HHP had no marked impact on the zeta potential and secondary structure, it altered the protein's spatial structure (primarily its tertiary structure), and improved dispersion properties (such as particle size, solubility, and turbidity), as well as foaming properties. Additionally, HHP improved the antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. However, HHP treatment negatively affected the water-holding capacity, emulsion stability, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings suggest that HHP treatment is a potential method for modifying buffalo milk casein and provides a theoretical basis for its comprehensive utilization., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Galactomannan comes from a wide range of plant resources and has some biological activities, but its bioavailability is limited due to its large molecular weight and complex structure. In this study, three degradation methods (H 2 O 2 , ultrasound, and β-mannanase) combined with ethanol fractional precipitation (25 %, 50 %, and 75 %) were used to degrade and separate Gleditsia sinensis galactomannans (GSG), and the physicochemical properties and biological activities of GSG after degradation were analyzed. Comprehensive comparison indicates that H 2 O 2 exhibits had a better degradation effect. After 4 h of degradation using 4 % H 2 O 2 , the yield of GSG precipitated with 50 % ethanol was 37.06 % (the yield of undigested GSG is 1.80 %). Simultaneously, the molecular weight (reduced from 225.25 to 36.87 kDa) and viscosity were significantly reduced under this condition, while the solubility was increased. In addition, the low-molecular-weight GSG (LGSG) obtained by 4 % H 2 O 2 /50 % ethanol showed the strongest free radical scavenging activity in vitro. Furthermore, the results of in vivo antioxidant assays showed that LGSG inhibited Aflatoxin B1-induced developmental toxicity by regulating gene expression in the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. LGSG also promoted Nrf2-mediated expression of the lipid metabolism genes ppar-α and cpt1, while suppressing expression of the fatty acid synthesis genes fas and scd-1. Therefore, the liver recovered from lipid peroxidation induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study introduces a method for green and efficient preparation of LGSG, indicates its potential as a nutritional product., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)