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3. Recovery from depression: a two-year follow-up study of general population subjects

Author

Viinamaki, Heimo, Tanskanen, Antti, Honkalampi, Kirsi, Koivumaa-Honkanen, Heli, Antikainen, Risto, Haatainen, Kaisa, and Hintikka, Jukka

Subjects
Depression, Mental, Clinical psychiatry, Psychology and mental health, Sociology and social work
Abstract

Background: The recovery from depression and factors associated with it are not well known in the general population. Aims: To conduct a two-year follow-up of general population subjects and investigate their recovery from depression. Methods: Individuals who were assessed as suffering from depression on the basis of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were monitored for two years. Results: Sixty-five per cent were still depressed after two years of follow-up. Negative life events had occurred more often in those who had remained depressed than in the others. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a high initial BDI score and a worsening of a subject's economic situation during the follow-up period were associated with failure to recover. Lack of use of health services was associated with non-recovery. Conclusion: Depression may be more chronic in the general population than previously has been thought.

Published
2006

5. Stable hopelessness and its predictors in a general population: a 2-year follow-up study

Author

Haatainen, Kaisa M., Tanskanen, Antti, Kylma, Jari, Honkalampi, Kirsi, Koivumaa-Honkanen, Heli, Hintikka, Jukka, Antikainen, Risto, and Viinamaki, Heimo

Subjects
Despair -- Psychological aspects, Despair -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Information on hopelessness at the population level is limited, and no previous studies have focused on its stability in a general population. We examined the stability and associated factors of hopelessness in a general population sample of 1,389 adults. More than half of those who were hopeless at baseline remained hopeless on follow-up. When those with a mental disorder were excluded, the relative risk for stable hopelessness in unemployed men was 7.2 (95% CI 2.6-19.9), in men with a poor financial situation it was 3.5 (95% CI 1.3-9.3), and in women with a poor financial situation it was 3.8 (95% CI 1.5-9.4). Awareness of the stability of hopelessness offers us new possibilities in preventative and mental health work.

Published
2003

18. Effect of somatic comorbidity on alleviation of depressive symptoms

Author

Viinamaki, Heimo, primary, Tanskanen, Antti, additional, Hintikka, Jukka, additional, Haatainen, Juha, additional, Antikainen, Risto, additional, Honkalampi, Kirsi, additional, Haatainen, Kaisa, additional, Koivumaa-Honkanen, Heli, additional, Saarinen, Pirjo, additional, and Lehtonen, Johannes, additional

Published
2000
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