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Calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles have gained wide attention in various environmental applications, including water treatment and microbial pollution control. This research provides novelty in innovating new strategies in water management and waste treatment based on advanced technology with a nanoscience approach by utilizing local resources. This study aims to synthesize CaO nanoparticles using a green chemistry method using a bioreductor from Bitti (Vitex cofassus) plant extract. This green chemistry approach is not only environmentally friendly but also efficient in producing stable nanoparticles with controlled size. Nanoparticle characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their crystal structure, morphology, and particle size. The results showed that calcium oxide nanoparticles have FCC (face-centered cubic) crystal phase, uneven surface morphology, and spherical shape and have an average particle size of 24.87 nm. The antibacterial activity of calcium oxide nanoparticles on Escherichia coli test bacteria with variations in nanoparticle concentrations (1, 3, and 5%) each had an average inhibition zone diameter of 9.59; 10.78; and 11.78 mm, positive control (Chloramphenicol) of 12.65 mm, and negative control (sterile aqua) of 0 mm, while in Staphylococcus aureus test bacteria with nanoparticle concentration variations (1, 3, and 5%) each had an average inhibition zone diameter of 10.26; 11.15; and 14.15 mm, positive control (Chloramphenicol) of 12.82 mm, and negative control (sterile aqua) of 0 mm. CaO nanoparticles have greater effectiveness on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria than Escheria Coli with the ability to inhibit and kill both types of bacteria. The application of these nanoparticles as antibacterial agents can effectively reduce microorganism waste in the aquatic environment, so they have the potential to be used as a solution for environmentally friendly microbial waste treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isoxazole Schiff bases play an important role in medicinal chemistry, pharmacy, coordination chemistry, and industrial chemistry, therefore, finding easier and more reliable procedures for their synthesis is still in process. The present work deals with a single-step condensation reaction between 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole and various aromatic aldehydes to furnish a Schiff base scaffold of isoxazole (including one new compound) with excellent yields in a short time. The procedure is a solvent-free condition using DMEA as a green catalyst. The products were evaluated for their antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella abony. The antioxidant activity of the products was tested and the ascorbic acid and quercetin were used as standards. The produced Schiff bases exhibited the ability to scavenge the free radicals from the DPPH. This means that the products can be used as antioxidants. Two of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity by testing their cytotoxic potency, which showed diminishing toxicity of cell lines against human breast cancer cell lines and gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Therefore, the products can be utilized as anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haloxylon articulatum, commonly known as the salt tree have diverse medicinal benefits. The phytochemical content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of the methanolic extract were assessed. The extract demonstrated a high concentration of flavonoids and phenolic components, with a Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of 186 ± 3 µg QE/mg extract and a Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of 188.1 ± 0.4 µg GAE/mg extract. Bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, such as quercetin, rutin, chrysin, and caffeic acid, were detected by LC-MS analysis. Through IC50 values of 28.88, 14.13, and 23.03 µg/mL for DPPH, β-carotene, and ABTS tests, respectively, the extract demonstrated considerable antioxidant activity. Antibacterial activity was reported against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with bactericidal effects indicated by MIC and MBC values. The extract also exhibited potent antifungal activity against Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Alternaria sp. These results suggest that H. articulatum extract is a promising source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents with potential therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study involved the exploration of hydro-distilled essential oil (EsO) from the aerial parts of Cordia dichotoma fruits, stems, seeds and leaves via gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry. Approximately 33 volatile components were detected throughout the study. Almost 27 and 23 compounds (comprising 64.83% and 31.55%, respectively, of the total components) were detected in the fruits and stems, whereas 25 compounds (57.12% of the total components) were detected in the seeds, and 25 compounds (52.48% of the total components) were found in the leaves. The main components of the fruit oil were Nonanal (5.77%), Oleic acid (4.30%), β-Damascenone (4.12%), 3, 4-Dehydro-β-ionone (4.06%), Methyl jasmonate (3.32%), Sabinene (3.31%), Phytol (3.22%) and Vitispirane (3.11%). From stem oil, the major components were Nonanal (6.52%), Nonadecane (3.22%) and 2, 3-Octanedione (2.16%). Whereas, the major components of the seed oils were Nonanal (12.14%), Oleic acid (5.13%), Dihydroactindiolide (3.35%), 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (3.18%), Dodecanoic acid (3.16%) and Methyl jasmonate (3.11%). Similarly, the major components of the leaf oils were 2, 4-di-t-Butylphenol (10.25%), 3-Methylnonane (4.73%), 2-Undecanol (4.64%), 3, 4-Dehydro-β-ionone (3.52%) and Nonanal (3.16%). These EsO were used for antibacterial activity against two bacteria i.e. E. coli (G-ve) and the S. aureus (G+ve) by disc diffusion method to determine the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (maximum bactericidal concentration). However, among the four parts of C. dichotoma, fruit and seed EsO were highly effective against E. coli (MIC and MBC were 125 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL respectively) compared to S. aureus (MICs of 250 and 500 μg/mL with an MBC of 1000 μg/mL) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicochemical profile, phytochemical constituents, bioactivity, and thermal stability of the hydro-distilled essential oil (EO) for T.schimperi and T.serrulatus were investigated. EO yield for T.schimperi and T.serrulatus was 2.05± 0.09% and 1.2 ± 0.3% (w/w) respectively. The chemical profiles of the EO were analyzed using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry).Twenty one (99.99 %) and Twenty (98.59%) EO components were identified from T. schimperi and T.serrulatus, respectively. The two stage mass losses, the first one (38%) was from 37°C to 164°C and (55%) from 46°C to 178°C for T.schimperi and T.serrulatus EO respectively and the second one was (11%) from 164°C to 220°C for T.schimperi and (8%) from 178°C to 223°C for T.Schimperi and T.serrulatus EO respectively were observed for TGA analysis.The essential oils in this study showed a strong antioxidant effect for different tests. IC50 value of 0.17 μg/mL on DPPH assay for both species; 73 ± 0.50 and 64 ± 3.4% inhibition for ABTS assay 4.6 ± 0.42 and 8.04 ± 0.9 mM Fe+2/mL percent in FRAP assay for T.schimperi and T.serrulatus respectively. Antimicrobial activities for both species EOs were investigated on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Streptococcus epidermidis. MIC values for E.coli and S.typhi were 0.5 and 1 μL/mL for T.schimperi, 2 and 4 μL/mL of T.serrulatus EO, for S.aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis were 0.2 and 4 μL/mL for T.schimperi, 2 and 0.5 μL/mL for T.serrulatus EO's. MBC values for both E.coli and S.typhi were 2 μL/mL for T.schimperi and 4 μL/mL for T.serrulatus EO, While for S.aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis were 1 and 4 μl/ml for T.schimperi, 2 and 8 μL/mL for T.serrulatus EO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green nanomaterials have been extensively used in the environmental and agricultural applications due to their advantages of biocompatibility, eco-friendly, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we have employed P. granatum leaf extract as a capping and stabilizing agent for the biofabrication of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles to remove dyes effectively. The key factors which influenced the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) dyes under both visible and UV light exposure were identified. The experimental findings demonstrated the significant degradation efficiencies, with MB and CR reaching degradation levels of 91.7 % and 81.2 %, respectively. Furthermore, the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with a space group of (Fm3m) of NiO was observed from the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, the morphology of NiO nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphological analysis using high-resolution transmission electron microscopes (HR-TEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), revealed the formation of spherical, cylindrical, and rod-shaped, nanoparticles and their elemental composition respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has provided valuable insights into the molecular vibrations and the formation of Ni-O bonds within the NiO lattice. In the PL spectrum, the observed emission peaks at 484 and 545 nm indicate the presence of defects within the NiO structure. Raman spectroscopy further confirms the 2M vibrational mode and a reduction in antiferromagnetic coupling in the samples. Additionally, investigations on NiO nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 mg/ml have exhibited their influence on bacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Bacteroides fragilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out to produce magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs) through biological method by using microbes which is not only sustainable but economical too. After careful screening, Proteus mirabilis BTCB21 (MN956898) was selected for the synthesis of magnesium nanoparticles. Various parameters like temperature, pH and substrate concentration were adjusted to optimize magnesium nanoparticles and investigate their effect on reaction time and size of nanoparticles. Characterization of magnesium nanoparticles was completed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer which exhibited peak at 350 nm, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) exposed presence of various groups like N–H, C≡C, C–Cl, C–Br, C–F and O–H. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) displayed irregular nanoparticles with average size of 463.06 nm. The results revealed optimization conditions for magnesium nanoparticles to be at 37°C temperature, pH 7 and 1 g of substrate concentration was selected for optimization. Antibacterial activity was also carried out; highly resistant pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus BTCB02 and Salmonella typhi BTCB06 were selected for antibacterial activity. The zones of inhibition ranged between 11 to 27 mm respectively. Magnesium nanoparticles prepared through biological method has great potential for applications in different fields especially biomedical; to treat antibiotic resistant illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was conducted to isolate the steroid compounds from an endophytic fungus Cladosporium anthropophilum and determine their effects against 4 strains of bacteria. The fungi were afforded from a mangrove plant Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh of Acanthaceae family, growing in West Java, Indonesia. The fermentation and isolation of C. anthropophilum yielded 3 ergostane-type steroids including a highly oxidized one, identified as penicisteroid A (1), ergosterol (2), and ergosterol-5,8-peroxide (3), together with 2 stigmastanes, characterized as stigmasterol (4), and stigmasterol-5,8-peroxide (5). The elucidation structure of all isolated steroids was performed by extensive spectroscopic measurements (MS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR) and supported by a comparison of previously reported spectral data. Subsequently, the potential of the 5 steroids as well as methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated against 2 Grampositive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and 2 Gram-negative bacteria, Vibrio harveyi ATCC 5339 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The results showed that none of the isolated steroids were active, while the 3 extracts exhibited significant inhibition against all the tested bacteria's growth and enabled us to propose the synergistic effects between active compounds in these extracts and their antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research outlines the development, comprehensive analysis, and assessment of the photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of ZnO/ZnSnO₃ nanocomposite (NC). The nanocomposite was synthesized using an eco-friendly green synthesis method with lemon peel extract. Techniques such as XRD, SEM, and FTIR verified the formation of dual-phase ZnO/ZnSnO₃ NC with an energy gap of ~ 1.9 eV and an average crystallite size of ~ 25.45 ± 1.24 nm. Photocatalytic degradation evaluated for Evans Blue (EB) dye under solar light indicated high degradation efficiency ~ 99.57% during 90 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant ~ 0.11 min⁻¹. Furthermore, ZnO/ZnSnO₃ NC exhibited notable antibacterial potential with inhibition zones ranging from (10.0 ± 1.3 to 12.0 ± 0.5) mm for E. coli and (9.0 ± 0.8 to 14.0 ± 0.6) mm for P. aeruginosa, with improved activity against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The as-prepared NC exhibited significant antifungal activity against C. albicans with inhibition zones ~ 22.0 ± 0.3 mm. The results obtained categorized ZnO/ZnSnO₃ NC as a potential candidate to be utilized for environmental cleanup and wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining new materials with antibacterial activity is an urgent task due to the emergence and proliferation of new antibiotic resistant strains, as well as the increasing requirements for the effectiveness and toxicity of such materials. Electrical explosion of two twisted wires (EETW) to produce of heterophase nanoparticles is attractive for develop novel antibacterial agents. Our work describes simple and environmental friendly way to obtain novel composite CuO/Cu2O/Ag nanoparticles with different silver mass ratio (15, 50, 90%) by the simultaneous electrical explosion of Ag and Cu twisted wires in oxygen containing atmosphere. The using of EETW for the production of heterophase NPs is due to several advantages such as high purity of nanoparticles, good productivity (about 120 g nanoparticles per hour) and eco-friendliness. The obtained nanoparticles have irregular spherical shape morphology. According to EDX analysis dates, the nanoparticles have Janus-like structure, where one part is enriched with Ag and the other with Cu and O. The mean particle size depended on silver content and was 63 ± 2 nm (90% Ag), 92 ± 2 nm (15% Ag). CuO/Cu2O/(50)Ag particle size distribution have two peaks, one at 35 ± 1 nm and the other at 79 ± 2 nm. The NP zeta potential of nanoparticles measured neutral pH and 25 °C was positive (more than 20 mV). CuO/Cu2O/Ag nanoparticles with 50% Ag significantly inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with MIC = 62 µg/mL. The antibacterial activity nanoparticles with 90%Ag determined by the disco-diffusion method was slightly lower than that of the nanoparticles with 15 and 50% Ag. The possible antibacterial mechanisms may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the heterostructure of EETW nanoparticles and the formation of galvanic nanopairs. The presence of silver metal and copper oxides in nanoparticles can promote galvanic corrosion, leading to the release of more metal ions into the bacterial suspension. We have shown that the nanoparticles obtained have a positive zeta potential, unlike Ag nanoparticles, which may contribute to a better adhesion of nanoparticles to the surface of bacterial cells. The synthesized NPs have broad potential to be developed in pharmaceutics as an effective antimicrobial nanomaterial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial afflictions represent a significant global public health concern. The overuse of antibiotics and the ineffectiveness of conventional antibiotic therapies present substantial challenges in the biomedical field. Consequently, research scientific efforts are focused on developing nanoparticle-based microbial agents to address the escalating issue of antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, we synthesized fucoidan combined with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets using the liquid exfoliation technique, followed by thorough characterization. The UV-visible spectrum analysis revealed prominent absorption peaks at 610 and 672 nm, indicative of the successful formation of F-MoS2 nanosheets. Subsequent antimicrobial assays demonstrated the exceptional antibacterial efficacy of the developed F-MoS2 nanosheets against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Moreover, in vivo toxicity assessment using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model disclosed that concentrations exceeding 125 µg/mL led to a reduction in the number of fertilized eggs laid by the worms. Furthermore, concentrations of 250 µg/mL resulted in delays in the reproductive cycle and impaired developmental fitness. Thus, the developed F-MoS2 nanosheets exhibit promising prospects for application within the realm of biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative Z-scheme WO3/g-C3N4 composite was efficiently produced via a straightforward hydrothermal method and applied to the photodegradation of phenol. The physiochemical behaviours of WO3, g-C3N4, WO3/g-C3N4 composite was analyzed by various analytical instruments. Compared to WO3, g-C3N4 single counterparts WO3/g-C3N4 Composite exhibits superior charge carriers' separation efficiency and also Z scheme mechanism promoted the superior pollutant degradation. Subsequently, the WO3/g-C3N4 composite achieving 93% with rate constant 0.0184 min− 1 phenol removal within 100 min. The noteworthy increased photocatalytic bustle of WO3/g-C3N4 composite was attributed to the synergetic effect between the boundary of WO3/g-C3N4. Curiously, WO3/g-C3N4 composite validates exceptional photostability during reusable experiment, accentuating its potential as a functioning photocatalyst for phenol removal. The antimicrobial tests showed that the developed photocatalyst effectively sterilizes both gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli. Thus, the WO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites are robust materials suitable for use as antimicrobial agents and photocatalysts activated by sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have synthesized a novel organic–inorganic hybrid crystal 4-nitrobenzyl-4-aminopyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II) [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]2[CuCl4](1). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystal belongs to the triclinic space group P–1, and consists of four [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]+ cations and two [CuCl4]2− anions. O⋯π, C–H⋯π, π⋯π, N–H⋯Cl, C–H⋯Cl, C–H⋯O, and C–H⋯N weak interactions in the crystals play an important role in facilitating the stacking and stabilization of the crystals. The different types of contribution have been quantified by the calculation of Hirshfeld surface percentage and depicted by fingerprint plots. The bulk phase purity, homogeneity, and morphology of the desired compound were checked using powder XRD, and SEM–EDX analysis. Vibrational, optical, and thermal properties were investigated by FT-IR, UV–Vis spectrum, and TG–DTA measurements of [4NO2Bz-4NH2Py]2[CuCl4](1), respectively. The low energy gap (2.41 eV) suggested that the crystal was a suitable semiconductor material for optical applications. In addition, the compound presented good bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus. A novel organic–inorganic hybrid material, 4-nitrobenzyl-4-aminopyridinium tetrachlorocuprate(II), has been synthesised and characterized with a study of its crystal structure, vibrational spectra, weak interaction, Hirshfield surface, thermal stability and antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming foodborne pathogen that causes emetic and diarrheal food poisoning. An emetic strain of B. cereus produces spores and an emetic toxin called cereulide, which exhibits high heat resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2b), and theaflavin-3,3'-gallate (TF3), polyphenolic components of tea extracts, on the survivability, spores, and toxin of B. cereus. Among them, EGCg at 62.5 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on B. cereus by damaging the cellular membrane, causing leakage of cellular nucleic acid related substances, and thus inhibiting the growth of B. cereus. However, no significant effects were shown on spore germination by EGCg, TF2b, or TF3 at a concentration of 250 μg/mL in this investigation. Their inhibitory effects were primarily confined to the outgrowth of daughter cells after spore germination. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that they suppressed the activity of cesA, a gene associated with cereulide production. At concentrations of 125 µg/mL for TF2b and 62.5 µg/mL for TF3, a discernible attenuation of cytotoxic effects induced by cereulide on HEp-2 cells was evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Plant peptides garner attention for their potential antimicrobial properties amid the rising concern over antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Objective: This study investigates the antibacterial potential of crude peptide extracts from 27 Thai plants collected locally. Materials and methods: Peptide extracts from 34 plant parts, derived from 27 Thai plants, were tested for their antimicrobial efficacy against four highly resistant bacterial strains: Streptococcus aureus MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli. The stability of these peptide extracts was examined at different temperatures, and the synergistic effects of two selected plant peptide extracts were investigated. Additionally, the time-kill kinetics of the individual extracts and their combination were determined against the tested pathogens. Results: Peptides from Allium sativum L. and Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch (Amaryllidaceae) were particularly potent, inhibiting bacterial growth with MICs ranging from 1.43 to 86.50µg/mL. The consistent MICs and MBCs of these extracts across various extraction time points highlight their reliability. Stability tests reveal that these peptides maintain their antimicrobial activity at -20°C for over a month, emphasizing their durability for future exploration and potential applications in addressing antibiotic resistance. Time-kill assays elucidate the time and concentration-dependent nature of these antimicrobial effects, underscoring their potent initial activity and sustained efficacy over time. Discussion and conclusions: This study highlights the antimicrobial potential of Allium-derived peptides, endorsing them for combating antibiotic resistance and prompting further investigation into their mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised utilising a one-pot green synthesis process using phytonutrients obtained from Houttugniae herba (HH) as a reductant and stabiliser. The proposed technique was fast, simple, eco-friendly, and cost-effective, and it does not require any additional processing or toxic ingredients to reduce and stabilise the AgNPs. All parameters (concentration of HH, reaction duration, temperature, and pH) involved in the reduction/stabilisation reaction were evaluated using a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) technique in a set of the experimental array to establish an optimal reaction state. Intense yellow colour and a prominent peak at 411 nm in the UV–vis absorption spectra indicated the growth of AgNPs in the reaction system. The produced AgNPs deploying optimum parameters were nearly spherical, with nanometre size (16.28 ± 4.48 nm), highly crystalline (d-spacing = 0.234 and 0.258 nm), and well stabilised (zeta potential = −26.4 mV). The measurement and analysis also yielded that the AgNPs were formed by an oxidation-reduction reaction between plant-derived phytonutrients and metal precursors and subsequently stabilised by the encapsulation of phytonutrients. The biogenic AgNPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial effectiveness against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the AgNPs demonstrated significant catalytic degradation and mineralisation of industrially essential di-azo dyes with a degradation efficiency of nearly 100% within 20 min. The present investigation shows a simple and environmentally friendly way to synthesise AgNPs, which might be feasible to meet the current need for bacterial reduction and textile wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Quassia indica (QI-Ag NPs), a natural plant extract, as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The synthesized QI-Ag NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). The UV-Visible analysis revealed a characteristic peak at 430 nm, indicating the successful formation of AgNPs. XRD analysis unveiled the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, with four distinctive peaks corresponding to the silver crystallographic planes. SEM and EDX provided insights into the morphology and chemical composition of the QI-AgNPs. Moreover, TEM and SAED elucidated the structural attributes and crystallinity of the nanoparticles. The Ag NPs exhibited a spherical structure and crystalline nature, as supported by both SAED and XRD findings. The zeta potential of QI-Ag NPs exhibited a value of −24.2 mV. The synthesized QI-Ag NPs were evaluated for their photocatalytic potential, demonstrating a remarkable 97% degradation of Crystal Violet dye. Furthermore, comprehensive studies encompassing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity assessments were conducted, showcasing the multifaceted applications of these nanoparticles. This research underscores the promising potential of Q. indica-mediated silver nanoparticles as environmentally benign and versatile nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of Cladosporium sp., a fungus found in association with Rubus tephrodes Hance, resulted in the identification of sixteen compounds. New compound cladosporlactam (1) was distinguished by featuring a skeleton linked to a furan unit, with 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine-2-ketone as its characteristic structure. The structure of cladosporlactam was elucidated through meticulous analyses using NMR, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 1 could cause a gradual reduction in lipid droplets in a dose-dependent manner without inducing cytotoxicity and demonstrated intermediate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 8 μg/mL. Text summary: [Display omitted] • Novel Compound: Discovered cladosporlactam with unique 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine-2-ketone backbone. • Biological Activity: Inhibited 3T3-L1 adipogenesis dose-dependently without cytotoxicity. • Antibacterial: Cladosporine A active against S. aureus, Candida albicans. • Endophytes: Highlighted endophytic fungi's therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study demonstrates the creation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in an environmentally benign manner from Cymbopogon citratus leaves extracts by employing microwave-assisted synthesis at a low power of 400 W for a short period of 180 s. The produced Ag NPs are thoroughly characterized using methods like X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). These Ag NPs form clusters and have unique plate-like shapes with average particle size of ~ 165 nm. To evaluate their antibacterial activity, the produced Ag NPs are tested against both gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. Coli, S. typhi, and Pseudomonas) at varied concentrations (1–5 mg/L). The results show strong antibacterial activity, against both gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. Coli, S. typhi, and Pseudomonas); and show the largest zone of inhibition diameters at 23 mm (~ 3 mg/L) and 26 mm (~ 5 mg/L) for S. aureus and Pseudomonas, respectively. The ecological potential of Cymbopogon citratus extracts as sources for the environmentally friendly synthesis of Ag NPs is highlighted in this work and the produced Ag NPs are a viable option for antibacterial treatments against pathogenic microbes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease affecting pear production in Tunisia and worldwide. The present investigation was explored in search of an alternative solution to the excessive use of cupric products. Antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts originating from three medicinal plants (PAEs) (Salvia rosmarinus, Thymus vulgaris, and Salvia officinalis), was evaluated against three E. amylovora strains (Ea2ON165028, Ea6ON165029, and Ea8ON165030) using a well diffusion assay. The three aqueous extracts inhibits the growth of E. amylovora by up to 60% compared to the control plates. Rosemary extract generated a total inhibition of growth (100%). In planta assays, two aqueous extracts of S. officinalis and S. rosmarinus were tested at 20% concentration. The highest effectiveness was achieved with rosemary extract (67.69%) against Ea2, and sage extracts (62.1%) against Ea8, as compared to inoculated and untreated controls. Besides, the antimicrobial effect of two aqueous extracts (T. vulgaris and S. rosmarinus) were investigated in field to manage fire blight disease in a naturally-infested pear orchard. The extracts were applied as foliar sprays (350 ml/tree). Significant disease reduction was observed on trees treated with rosemary aqueous extract. The disease incidence was estimated at 1 (infestation rate ranging from 5% to 25%/tree). When sprayed with the thyme aqueous extract, the infection incidence ranged from 1 to 2 (25%–50% /tree). We conclude that the aqueous extract of Rosemary was highly efficient in controlling fire blight disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the antibacterial activity of pomegranate peel extract on the development of the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strain De Donno. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca is a systemic bacterium that colonizes the xylem tissue of olive trees by blocking them and limiting the correct sap flow of the plant. For six years, from 2016 to 2021, olive trees affected by X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca were treated with a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from Punica granatum fruit peel. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detection–Electro-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–DAD-ESI/MS) analysis was carried out to identify punicalagins and ellagic acid which are the main antifungal and antibacterial compounds. The research was carried out on a farm in Trepuzzi (Lecce) located in Salento (Italy). Both in vitro and in vivo tests show the effectiveness of the extract tested. Symptom severity was lower on the canopy of treated plants vs untreated olive trees. Molecular biology tests to assess the presence of X. fastidiosa in treated and untreated plants confirm the effectiveness of Pomegranate Peel Aqueous + Ethanol Extract (PPAEE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its promising features, cellulose, the most plentiful renewable material in nature, is used in a variety of industrial processes. In this work, we used peanut shells (Arachis hypogaea L.) for the purpose of producing microcrystalline cellulose (MCCs) and nanocrystalline cellulose (CNCs), respectively. The following process was used to separate cellulose from peanut shells: dewaxing, delignification/bleaching, and acid hydrolysis. The structural features of the isolated microcrystalline cellulose (MCCs) and cellulose nanocrystalline (CNCs) samples were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to morphologically analyze of the samples (peanut shells, microcrystalline cellulose, and nanocrystalline cellulose). The prepared CNCs' elemental composition was revealed by energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), and their crystallinity was shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The yield of peanut shells cellulose was (31.81%). FTIR analysis for the bleached peanut shells cellulose revealed the efficacious removal of the non-cellulosic materials and amorphous components from the polymer matrix. The obtained peanut shells' XRD results showed native cellulose's typical peaks (type I), along with a crystallinity index (CrI = 72.53%). Also, acid hydrolysis phase was used to adapt microcrystalline cellulose (MCCs) into cellulose nanocrystalline (CNCs) with higher crystallinity (CrI = 77.96%). According to each of these assays, the chemical treatment was successful in eliminating the non-cellulosic substances and obtaining a cellulose nanofiber.The antibacterial activity carried out against three bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli, and Salmonella typhimurium) that cellulose nanofibers showed moderate antibacterial activity against a strain Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium.The current study demonstrates the viability of employing peanut shells as a cost-effective source for acquiring CNCs that are intended for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the antibacterial and ultraviolet protection properties of the functionalized polypropylene nonwoven fabrics (PPNWF). Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped titanium dioxide (S–N–TiO2) sol was synthesized by sol–gel method and S–N–TiO2 films were coated on the surface of PPNWF with impregnating method. The tensile strength, mass per unit area, thickness, whiteness, and glossiness of the prepared simples were investigated. The ultraviolet protection properties of the samples were assessed by ultraviolet transmittance spectrum and Ultraviolet Protection Facto. The results show that ultraviolet protection properties, tensile strength, and mass per unit area of the functionalized fabrics increase whereas its whiteness and glossiness decrease. The structural analysis and chemical composition of S–N–TiO2 were made by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which indicate the successful doping of S and N into TiO2. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy show that S–N–TiO2 nano-films have been well dispersed on the surface of the PPNWF, which is beneficial to the ultraviolet protection property and antibacterial activity of the samples. The antibacterial activities were evaluated by shake flask method. It is found that the S–N–TiO2 nano-films coated PPNWF (S–N–TiO2/PPNWF) exhibit excellent antibacterial activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the antibacterial rate of 96.8% and 98.4% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. After 50 cycles of consecutive laundering, the antibacterial rates remain over 85.48% and 84.4% for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. It indicates that the antibacterial performance of the S–N–TiO2/PPNWF fabrics is also durable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B acteriocins are proteinaceous substances with a broad range of bioactive characteristics that are produced by various bacteria. However, the limited use of bacteriocin is due to its low yield and short stability. Enterolycin-A, a type of enterocin (bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus), was extracted and purified from the Enterococcus faecium SMAN_Baghdad strain. The objective of this study was to synthesize an enterolycin-A conjugate with selenium nanoparticles to form a novel nanohybrid system that may increase the bioactivity of enterolycin-A and overcome these hurdles. The nanohybrid system was characterized via FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM, and EDX. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicate the presence of biological moieties, and the crystallite size was calculated to be 15.29 nm via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The shape and size of the Se-enterolycin-A nanohybrid were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of selenium and protein (carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen). As a result, the Se-enterolycin-A nanohybrid showed strong antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii) according to agar well diffusion methods, MIC and MBC measurements, and antibiofilm measurements. In addition, compared with enterolycin-A alone, the Se-enterolycin-A nanohybrid exhibited promising antioxidant activity with the DPPH compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) cause economic and social burden by affecting millions of patients annually, especially in low-income countries. The treatment of HAIs with antibiotics can lead to their increased resistance and subsequently increased mortality. As an alternative solution, nanomaterials combined with inorganic metals (silver ions and silver-based compounds) have been proposed. In this study, after extraction of sodium silicate from rice husk ash, silver-coated silica nanoparticles (SiO2@Ag-NPs) were synthesized by sol-gel method and evaluated the antibacterial activity against hospital-acquired infections. SiO2@Ag-NPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial activity of SiO2@Ag-NPs against two clinical isolated bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, was assessed using minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TEM images showed that SiO2 nanoparticles had a uniform shape with a size of around 50 nm SiO2@Ag-NPs' surface area and homogeneous pores are 78 m2/g and 2.71 nm, respectively, with purity over 98%. Silver nanoparticles attached to SiO2 surface have uniform shapes with size smaller than 5 nm. The MIC results were determined from 25 to 400 ppm depending on the concentration and bacterial strain tested. SEM images showed that SiO2@Ag-NPs inhibited established biofilms in both bacterial strains, discrete bacterial cells, and fewer clusters. There was no or little extracellular matrix observed, the cells were distorted, shrank, ruptured, and appeared to have indentation or perforation in the cell wall. The results showed that SiO2@Ag-NPs were an attractive nanomaterial for commercial applications and in treating diseases associated with microbial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial textiles are crucial in various industries for combating contamination and improving hygiene. Copper's potent antimicrobial properties enhance infection control in medical fabrics. This study aims to synthesize copper in the form of nanoparticles CuNPs using Curcuma aromatica, to provide an effective, eco-friendly solution for antimicrobial medical textiles. The powder of the rhizome of Curcuma aromatica was boiled in sterile distilled water and the extract was used in the synthesis of CuNPs. The resulting CuNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, FTIR analysis, and XRD. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized CuNPs was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the well diffusion method. The Cotton fabrics was embedded with synthesized CuNPs and again evaluated for its anti-bacterial property. The UV–VIS Spectroscopy showed absorption peaks above 554 nm due to the plasmon resonance of CuNPs. The size range of CuNPs was from 54 to 69 nm which was confirmed by SEM. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of various organic molecules associated with CuNPs. XRD analysis revealed the face-centered cubic crystal structure of the CuNPs. The CuNPs and CuNPs embedded cotton fabrics exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings support the use of Curcuma aromatica as a suitable source for CuNP synthesis and emphasize the significance of CuNPs in the development of effective antimicrobial fabrics for medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to explore the potential of using chitosan (CS) derived from shrimp shells, a bioorganic waste product, as a reducing and capping agent in the synthesis of silver nanocomposites (Cs-Ag NC). The objective of the study was to develop a simpler, faster, and more environmentally friendly method for producing Cs-Ag NC. The synthesized Cs-Ag NC was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The findings revealed that the Cs-Ag NC exhibited a crystalline structure, was coated with CS components, and had a spherical shape with an average diameter of approximately 20 nm. Under optimal conditions, the synthesized Cs-Ag NC demonstrated significant free radical scavenging activity against 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with an IC50 value of 1.65 mg/mL, substantial free radical scavenging activity against 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) with an IC50 value of 2.8 mg/mL, and notable anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, the Cs-Ag NC exhibited significant antibacterial activity against several pathogenic strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Based on these findings, the synthesized Cs-Ag NC possess promising potential as therapeutic drugs for antioxidant and antibacterial applications. Highlights: Eco-friendly synthesis of Cs-Ag NC using shrimp shell-derived chitosan. Cs-Ag NC had a crystalline, spherical structure (~20 nm in diameter). Strong antioxidant activity (IC50: 1.65 mg/mL for DPPH, 2.8 mg/mL for ABTS). Exhibited notable anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Potential therapeutic use for antioxidant and antibacterial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulfides have garnered significant attention due to their distinctive properties, including electrical, optical, catalytic, and magnetic capabilities, and their potential for use in various applications. The present work discloses the fabrication of CuxMn1-xS (X = 0, 0.5, and 1) nanoparticles (NPs) using the co-precipitation method. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique was utilized to characterize the synthesized sample, confirming that it exhibits cubic and hexagonal crystal structures. The Debye-Scherrer formula was applied to determine the average crystallite size of the nanoparticles, while the Williamson–Hall plot was employed to estimate microstrain and particle size. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis revealed that Cu, Mn, and S were present in the nanoparticles without any impurities. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to determine the material's morphology and effective grain size. UV-vis spectroscopy was employed to measure the optical properties of the sample. The optical bandgap, calculated from the Tauc plot, ranged from 1.6 to 2.8 eV, indicating the presence of photovoltaic properties in the sample. The dielectric constant and loss were observed to change for the sample in the frequency range of 10 KHz to 2 MHz at room temperature. The frequency-dependent electrical conductivity, impedance, and modulus spectroscopy of CuxMn1-xS were also analyzed. The dielectric study results showed that increasing frequency decreases the dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Additionally, MnS, CuS, and CuMnS NPs were screened for their antibacterial activity against gram-negative (-ve) pathogenic bacteria. Among them, CuMnS exhibited the maximum antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A pathogens. Highlights: CuxMn1-xS nanoparticles were manufactured by co-precipitation approach. The fabricated CuxMn1-xS nanoparticles were analyzed via UV, PXRD, SEM, and EDAX analyses. The structural and optoelectronic properties of the fabricated CuxMn1-xS nanoparticles were studied. The antibacterial performance of the fabricated CuxMn1-xS nanoparticles was tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO:NiO semiconductor nanocomposites have garnered attention in numerous fields, not just antibacterial ones. The current study focuses on preparing pure ZnO (zinc oxide) and ZnO:NiO (nickel oxide) nanocomposites containing different amounts of (5% and 10%). These samples were synthesized utilizing an echo-friendly, cost-effective green approach that employs Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract as a reduction agent. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks correspond to the hexagonal ZnO phase and the cubic NiO phase, with typical crystallite sizes of about 21 and 18 nm, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of Zn, Ni, and O constituents in the nanocomposites. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image showed the mixed shape of ZnO:NiO nanocomposites, which was a mix of almost spherical and hexagonal forms. A spectral investigation of UV–visible revealed a redshift in the absorption band edge of pristine ZnO nanoparticles with increasing NiO content, indicating a progressive decrease in the optical band gap. ZnO:NiO nanocomposites have lower band gap energy due to crystal lattice strain. Photoluminescence tests revealed high levels of Ni2+ ions in ZnO:NiO nanocomposites, which improved distortion centers and lattice surface defects in ZnO, resulting in lower emissions-related defects. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis using the well diffusion method. ZnO:NiO nanocomposites demonstrate superior bactericidal activity compared to pure ZnO NPs against specific bacterial species due to their augmented surface area, reduced crystalline size, and elevated the formation of reactive oxygen species after following Ni2+ ion alteration.ZnO:NiO nanocomposites have the potential to serve as bactericidal agents that are resistant to harmful bacterial species due to their strong bactericidal activity. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH free radical scavenging, superoxide anion scavenging, and ABTS radical cation scavenging assays. The results revealed that the ZnO nanocomposites exhibited strong antioxidant properties, indicating their potential to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Research highlights: Synthesis of ZnO:NiO nanocomposites using eco-friendly, cost-effective green approach with Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract as reducing agent. Characterization of nanocomposites using XRD, revealing hexagonal ZnO and cubic NiO phases with controlled crystallite sizes. Confirmation of component presence (Zn, Ni, and O) via EDS spectroscopy, ensuring successful incorporation of NiO into the ZnO matrix. Tunable optical properties demonstrated by UV–visible spectral analysis, showcasing redshift in absorption band edge with NiO content increase. Improved structural integrity and optical properties evidenced by photoluminescence experiments, highlighting the reduction in defect-related emissions. Enhanced bactericidal activity of ZnO:NiO nanocomposites against selected bacterial species, indicating promising antibacterial potential. Multifunctionality revealed through antioxidant activity assays (DPPH, superoxide anion, ABTS), suggesting broader biomedical and environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oral cavity is home to a large and diversified microbial flora, which plays an important role in the genesis of multiple diseases, including tooth decay. Indeed, tooth decay is the most common ailment in the world, with almost everyone having experienced it at least once in their lifetime. Examining plants used in traditional medicine is one of the research approaches used to discover novel, potent antibacterial chemicals with a broad spectrum of action, as present antibacterials have significant drawbacks. This study aims to examine the chemical composition of Algerian clove Syzygium aromaticum using GC-MS and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract against bacteria isolated from dental caries caused by Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. The results show a strong extraction yield of 29.7%, with high amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids calculated at 178.82 mg GAEQ/g and 24.13 mg QEQ/g. The principal chemical elements of S. aromaticum peel methanol extract were identified as eugenol (61.23%) and eugenol acetate (26.45%) based on mass spectrum data and retention times. The methanol extract has a significant antibacterial effect against tested strains, with MICs ranging from 111.37 to 445.5 mg/mL. Higher concentrations of polyphenols resulted in a significant increase in inhibition zone diameter against S1 (r² = 0.94, p < 0.001), L3 (r² = 0.94, p < 0.001), L5 (r² = 0.93, p < 0.001), and L9 (r² = 0.96, p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, Omanis used bananas to treat gastrointestinal disorders, constipation, and diarrhea. The study aims to determine the pharmacological and toxicological activities of two imported banana varieties collected from the local fruit market. Extracts were prepared separately by soaking the bananas in methanol for seventy-two hours. Then, the extracts were fractionated with various solvents with increasing patterns of polarity to give corresponding crude extracts. All extracts were used to determine their antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), agar gel diffusion, and brine shrimp lethality methods. In the Indian ripe bananas, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from the ethyl acetate and the lowest in water crude extract. However, in the bananas from the Philippines, the highest activity was in chloroform extract and the lowest in water extract. Both extracts displayed moderate antibacterial activity at different concentrations. The range of inhibition was 0-19 mm against Gram-positive and negative bacterial strains. Both banana extracts showed significant cytotoxic activity at all working concentrations. Crude extracts killed all nauplii at the highest concentration of 500 µg/mL. In Indian bananas, the highest cytotoxic activity was found in the water crude extract with an LC50 value of 27.35µg/mL. The lowest was in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts with an LC50 value of 57.54 µg/mL. Almost similar results were obtained from the Philippines. In conclusion, the polar crude extracts prepared from both varieties of ripe bananas have significant pharmacological and toxicological activities. Therefore, polar banana extracts might be agents that can be used as antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid untargeted UHPLC-Q-TOF-ESI-MS/MS-Based metabolomic profiling of the medicinal plant Entada abyssinica was performed. A total of 18 metabolites were detected, of which 10 could not be identified. Based on this result, an extensive chemical investigation of the CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of this plant was carried out, leading to the isolation of a new ceramide, named entadamide (1), together with nine known compounds: monomethyl kolavate (2), 24-hydroxytormentic acid (3) chondrillasterol (4), 3-O-β-D glucopyranosylstigmasterol (5), 3-O-β-D glucopyranosylsitosterol (6), quercetin 3′-methylether (7), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl icosanoate (8), 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl 23-hydroxytricosanoate (9) and 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl 24-hydroxytetracosanoate (10). Their structures were elucidated by the analyses of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D and 2D NMR, and HRESI-MS) in comparison with those reported in the literature. Furthermore, the crude extract and some isolated compounds were tested against non-ciprofloxacin resistant strains viz, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Samonella thyphi (ATCC 19430) and Samonella enterica (NR4294). The tested samples demonstrated significant activity against all the tested bacteria (MIC values: 3.12–12.5 μg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new extraction and bacteriostatic ability of glucoside alkaloids in potato peel. To make better use of glucoside alkaloids, this experiment adopted ultrasonic microwave combined extraction of glucoside alkaloids from potato peel; then, the extracts of potato peel were subjected to bacteriostatic assays. The optimum experimental condition of response surface method was that the solid-liquid ratio was 1:18.00 g/mL, the ultrasonic power 505.00 W, the microwave time was 6.10 min and the ultrasonic time was 10.70 min. Under those conditions, the extraction amount of glucoside alkaloids was 292.91 mg/kg, which increased by about 28% compared with the QUEChERS method. The antibacterial activity of the obtained glucoside alkaloids was tested using five kinds of strains, and the results showed that Penicillium and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were more sensitive. The results indicated that Ultrasonic-Microwave combined extraction was more efficient and convenient than that of QuEChERS method for glucoside alkaloids and related antibacterial compounds from potato peel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engineered biochar can potentially increase its applications in various industries, such as agriculture, wastewater treatment, catalysis, medicine, and environmental remediation. Thus, the development of new and green synthesis techniques is still required. Herein, the green synthesis of rice husk biochar loaded with well-defined silver nanoparticles using an agro-industrial waste extract assisted by blue LED light is presented. Silver zero-valent nanoparticles were successfully attached to the biochar surface, showing excellent dispersion without affecting its textural properties. Impregnated materials were tested as catalysts in a dye reduction process and for antibacterial activity. The RH0.15_Ag material demonstrates excellent dispersion and arrangement of silver particles in the biochar, showing better dispersion than traditional methods. The particle size distribution is 104.66 ± 31 nm, with a specific surface area of 5.97 m2 g−1. Lower extract concentrations lead to the formation of smaller particles attached to the biochar surface. The catalytic essay indicates that a smaller particle size distribution achieves faster methyl orange reduction, with 95% of the methyl orange reduced within 5 min. Moreover, the materials showed potential antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition of 19.64 ± 0.247 mm, though no activity was observed against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Highlights: Extract and LED light-assisted green synthesis of engineered biochar. Silver nanoparticles homogeneously attached to the biochar surface. Potential use of engineered biochar as a catalyst and antibacterial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Crops are consistently under siege by a multitude of pathogens. These pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, result in substantial reductions in quality and yield globally by inducing detrimental crop diseases, thus posing a significant challenge to global food security. However, the biological activity sepectrum of commercially available pesticides is limited and the pesticide efficacy is poor, necessitating the urgent development of broad‐spectrum and efficient strategies for crop disease prevention and control. RESULTS: The bioassay results revealed that certain target compounds demonstrated outstanding in vivo antiviral efficacy against cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. In particular, compound D6 showed remarkable antiviral activity against CMV, significantly higher than that of the control agent ningnanmycin. Mechanism of action studies have shown that compound D6 could enhance the activity of defense enzymes and upregulate the expression of genes related to disease resistance, thereby enhancing the antiviral effects in plants. In addition, these compounds displayed superior inhibitory activity against plant bacterial diseases. For Xoo, compound D10 showed an excellent inhibitory effect that was better than that of the control agent bismerthiazol. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence double‐staining experiments revealed that compound D10 effectively inhibited bacterial growth by disrupting the cell membrane. CONCLUSION: A series of trifluoromethyl hydrazone derivatives were designed and synthesized, and it was found that they have control effects on plant viruses and bacterial diseases. In addition, this study revealed the mechanism of action of the active compounds and demonstrated their potential as multifunctional crop protectants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In terms of crystalline nanoporous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are relatively new. They are self‐assembling structures made of organic ligands that serve as linkers between metal centers and metal ions that function as coordination centers. Due to MOFs' high porosity, absence of nonaccessible bulk volume, vast surface areas and variety of pore sizes and topologies, drug delivery via them is becoming more and more common. RESULTS: Zn‐MOF and Zn‐MOF@drug were produced using a solvothermal approach in this study and characterized using a variety of methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Utilizing the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration approaches, Zn‐MOF and Zn‐MOF@drug were evaluated for their antibacterial capability against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, two types of bacteria. CONCLUSION: The antibacterial potential of Zn‐MOF@drug was greater than that of the metal salt, commercially available ZnO, Zn‐MOF and ligand alone. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of Zn‐MOF@drug was also discussed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High pressure processing (HPP) have the potential to be used as an alternative to commercial thermal processing of honey. Its impact on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of honey have yet to be understood properly. This study focuses on the effects of HPP on the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of honey. Six different honey samples were subjected to HPP at 400 and 600 MPa for 10 and 15 min. The antioxidant properties were measured in terms of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) free radical scavenging assay. The antibacterial activity was measured as the minimum bacteriocidal and minimum bacterial inhibition concentration of honey against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. HPP decreased the total phenolic content and increased the total flavanoid content. There was an increase in the antibacterial activity of HPP honey against S. aureus, whereas no significant changes were observed against P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. It was evident that the changes in the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of honey samples were dependent on the HPP processing parameters and the type of honey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the significant recent advances in manufacturing materials supporting advanced dental therapies, peri‐implantitis still represents a severe complication in dental implantology. Herein, a sol–gel process is proposed to easily deposit antibacterial zirconia coatings onto bulk zirconia, material, which is becoming very popular for the manufacturing of abutments. The coatings' physicochemical properties were analyzed through x‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy investigations, while their stability and wettability were assessed by microscratch testing and static contact angle measurements. Uniform gallium‐doped tetragonal zirconia coatings were obtained, featuring optimal mechanical stability and a hydrophilic behavior. The biological investigations pointed out that gallium‐doped zirconia coatings: (i) displayed full cytocompatibility toward human gingival fibroblasts; (ii) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans pathogen; (iii) were able to preserve the commensal Streptococcus salivarius. Furthermore, the proteomic analyses revealed that the presence of Ga did not impair the normal oral microbiota. Still, interestingly, it decreased by 17% the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum, a gram‐negative, strictly anaerobic bacteria that is naturally present in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, this work can provide a valuable starting point for the development of coatings aimed at easily improving zirconia dental implants' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Contaminated wastewater with malachite green (MG) treated via porous materials with high adsorption function has become a main challenge in achieving the carbon neutrality goal. In this manner, a dual-action novel formulation has been assembled that presents a modified chitosan-Schiff base biopolymer by magnetite and zinc oxide nanoparticles as active centers for selective malachite green adsorption and preventing the growth of microorganisms in the medium. The presented novel porous composite material is characterized by the presence of two cost-effective and efficient surface modifiers (magnetite, zinc oxide nanoparticles) which enhanced the adsorption process rather than the presence of one as reported in the recently reported studies. The dual action of the presented compound as microorganisms' defeater and malachite green adsorbent comprises its novelty among the recently presented compounds. Herin, a novel chitosan-Schiff base (CS-SB) was synthesized by the reaction of Chitosan and (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) acryl aldehyde. The prepared Schiff base was modified by magnetite using the co-precipitation method. The magnetic chitosan was impregnated with zinc oxide (ZnO) in the form of nanoparticles to produce Schiff base/ZnO nanocomposite (Mag-CS-SB/ZnO). The prepared compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, zeta potential analyses, and thermal gravimetric analysis, and tested in remediation of MG from aqueous medium. The adsorption parameters: dye concentration (25–100 mg/L), biosorbent dosages (5–60 mg), pH (2–9), and time (10–360 min) were studied. The Maximum adsorption capacity was 34 mg/g after two hours at ambient temperatures. Antibacterial activity of the prepared compounds was scanned for Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The inhibition efficiency was ordered as Mag-CS-SB/ZnO nanocomposite ˃ CS-SB ˃ Chitosan. Mag-CS-SB/ZnO nanocomposite displayed outstanding antibacterial activity as comparable with commercial antibiotics (Streptomycin). The bonding between MG and biosorbent was shown to be predominantly caused by chelation and electrostatic adsorption, as proved by the density functional theory. Throughout five cycles, the biosorbent was effectively regenerated and maintained over 90% of its adsorption capacity, suggesting that it could find a beneficial and promising multi-functional adsorption compound for practical application in water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal glucose levels in the body. Delayed wound healing is a severe diabetes complication. Nanotechnology represents the latest advancement in treating diabetic wounds through nanoparticles (NPs). In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green method involving cucumber pulp extract. The synthesis was confirmed using techniques including ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). To evaluate wound-healing properties, mouse models were utilized with wounds induced by excision on the dorsal surface. An ointment containing silver nanoparticles was applied to assess its healing potential. Additionally, antibacterial and antioxidant activities were examined using agar well diffusion and DPPH scavenging methods, respectively. The results demonstrated that the ointment prepared with green synthesized AgNPs effectively healed the wounds within 15 days, while also exhibiting antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, it can be concluded that due to its efficacy in biological activities, silver nanoparticles can be employed in the treatment of diabetic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the chemical variability and antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) from Asphodelus microcarpus Salzm. & Viv. flowers, collected from five Moroccan regions. Analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) revealed EO yields ranging from 0.01% to 0.12%. One hundred forty-four compounds, comprising 90.24–97.31% of the total content, were identified. A new chemotype, trans-Ferruginol (58.33%), was identified in the Meknes region. This is the first study to assess the antibacterial activity of EOs from these flowers, showing significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli, with MICs between 0.78 and 25 mg. mL−1. Theoretical studies, including ADME-Tox, molecular docking and dynamics, indicated that trans-Ferruginol is non-toxic and strongly interacts with antimicrobial target proteins. The findings suggest that these EOs could serve as an alternative to antibiotics, potentially mitigating bacterial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Pongamia pinnata (L.) normal leaves, gall-removed leaves and galls. They were tested against five Gram-negative human pathogenic bacterial strains; all strains have unique antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic properties. Among the different extracts, ethanolic gall extract exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Based on this feature, we augmented the ethanolic gall extract with lemongrass oil, which produced higher antimicrobial effects than ethanolic gall extracts. The ethanolic gall extracts containing several bioactive metabolites that exhibited a different level of biological activities were validated using the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) server (in silico approach). Using the plant parts, especially galls, to prepare antibacterial agents not only helps to control pathogenic strains of bacteria, but also reduces the wastage of P. pinnata leaves when used for Ayurvedic preparations. Also, it help to reduce the dependence on synthetic antimicrobial drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio disease is a prevalent bacterial infection in aquaculture, and using bacteria with antagonistic properties against Vibrio species as probiotics has emerged as a promising method for disease prevention. Additionally, low biomass productivity of microalgae feed remains a significant bottleneck in bivalve aquaculture. Therefore, it is essential to screen for bacteria that both enhance microalgae growth and inhibit Vibrio pathogens. In this study, seven bacterial strains capable of promoting microalgae growth were screened for their ability to inhibit three Vibrio pathogens, i.e., Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae , and thus serve as a dual-functional probiotic for aquaculture. The antagonistic mechanism of these bacteria was further investigated by analyzing the inhibitory effects of their extracellular products (ECP) on Vibrio species. Results indicated that Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra exhibited antagonistic effects against all three Vibrio species tested. The ECP of P. flavipulchra displayed stable antibacterial activity, though this ability was lost after the ECP was treated with heat, alkali, or proteinase K. The proteinaceous fraction isolated from the ECP by precipitation with 90% saturated ammonium sulfate demonstrated concentration-dependent antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that P. flavipulchra could serve as a promising dual-functional probiotic for aquaculture, warranting further research to optimize its application in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: The aim of the current study was to develop a distinctive nanolipid formulation, namely, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC), which would deliver an antibacterial medication such as mupirocin (MP). Additionally, cinnamon essential oil (CEO), which is reported to exhibit antibacterial activity, was utilized in the development process in an attempt to improve the influence of MP. Methods: As a consequence, different MP–NLC formulations were developed using the central composite design (CCD) approach. One optimized formula was selected and incorporated within the pre-formulated gel matrix, providing the MP–NLC-gel formula for efficient topical application. MP–NLC-gel was assessed for its physical characteristics to check its suitability for topical application and evaluated for its in vitro drug release over 6 h. Furthermore, it studied the formulation for its stability at different conditions; 25°C ± 2°C and at 4°C ± 3°C for 6 months. Finally, the formulation was examined for its antibacterial performance against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Results: The developed topical NLC-gel formulation demonstrated pH 5.8, viscosity 14,510 cP, and spreadability 58.1 mm, which were seemed to be satisfactory properties for successful topical application. The drug was released successfully for over 6 h with 52.9%. Additionally, it was stable in both storage conditions for 6 months since it displayed non-significant variations in its evaluated characteristics compared to those of fresh preparation. Ultimately, the developed gel formulation could inhibit the growth of different bacterial strains, especially gram-negative strains. Conclusion: To sum up, these findings would demonstrate the efficiency of NLC prepared with CEO and incorporating MP to be a promising antibacterial lipid nanocarrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of natural polymers and plant extract attracted much attention thanks to its valuable biological activities. This study presents the preparation and characterization of chitosan (CS) film containing Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract. In which, the Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract (SLE) with polyphenol‐rich fractions was extracted by an ultrasonic‐assisted extraction method. The prepared chitosan/polyphenol‐rich fractions film (CSPPF) was characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and water absorption analysis. Antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities of the CSPPF were assessed using the agar well diffusion method and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays, respectively. Besides, the release of the extract from the CSPPF as well as the drug release kinetics was also tested. The Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract enhanced the antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and enhanced the anti‐inflammatory activity as well as the swelling ability of the CSPPF. The CSPPF containing 1 wt.% of SLE can inhibit 77.70 % NO with an IC50 value of 19.40 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTo discover novel antimicrobial drug, 22 novel acylated derivatives were synthesized by A-ring modification of glaucocalyxin A. The structures of these derivatives were confirmed by NMR and MS data. In vitro antimicrobial activity of these compounds was evaluated against E. faecium, E. faecalis, MRSA, E. coli, A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae. The results showed compound 3d against E. faecium, E. faecalis and MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 μg/ml. And further molecular docking revealed that compound 3d has a higher binding affinity. In conclusion, compound 3d has the potential to develop into a new drug against drug-resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractLupalbigenin (1) is an antibacterial isoflavone isolated from Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner (Moraceae). In this study, we achieved the first gram-scale synthesis of lupalbigenin (1) from commercially available genistein (2), with a yield of 47.7%. The key step was a Claisen rearrangement that simultaneously installed two prenyl groups at the C-6 and C-11 positions of lupalbigenin (1). Antimicrobial activity assays revealed that lupalbigenin (1) exhibited rapid bactericidal activity, inhibited α-hemolysin and biofilm formation, and disrupted bacterial cell membranes. These findings suggest that lupalbigenin (1) is a promising candidate for the development of novel antibiotics to combat bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The profound contamination of reservoirs triggered by industrial dyes and the growing phenomenon of antibiotic-resistant bacteria present substantial risks to both the environment and human health. Conventional approaches to water treatment and microbiological disinfection can frequently become ineffective, expensive, and detrimental to the environment, and this issue underscores the need for novel materials that possess refined photocatalytic and antibacterial characteristics that thrive efficiently in a setting of visible light. An innovative nanostructured nanocomposite, Mo-CeO 2 @C, was synthesized using a green chemistry method coupled with Mo-CeO 2 nanoparticles and pristine CeO 2. The impact of Ce, Mo, and carbon-based nanocomposites has been validated by leveraging XRD, FTIR, UV–vis spectra, and FE-SEM/EDX. The sunlight-mediated photodegradation performance of carbon-based nanocomposite exhibited a superior photodegradation efficiency of 99.5 %, higher than others. The photocatalytic activity of M.B. dye concentration, catalyst dosage, scavenger test, and recyclability were also conducted, which confirm the optimal catalyst loading of 20 mg, dye concentration 40 ppm, and pH 8 with reusability up to sixth cycles. The carbon-coated doped nanocomposite displays superior antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive S. aureus , gram-negative E. coli , and P. vulgaris bacteria in comparison to CeO 2 and Mo-doped CeO 2. This may be attributed to the combined effects of the generation of reactive oxygen species (R.O.S.) and the intrinsic characteristics of the dopant and carbon matrix. The results of our research emphasize the potential of carbon-based nanoparticles as versatile agents in the realms of environmental rehabilitation and biomedical research. These nanoparticles provide a method to achieve more efficient and resilient solutions in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, summarise the characterization and synthesis of the pure and Eu:WO 3 nanoparticles and their applications in photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. The monoclinic phase confirmed by the XRD analysis of the prepared specimens. SEM and HR-TEM scrutiny revealed nanoplate morphology scrutiny. EDS and XPS scrutiny confirmed the composition of elements of Eu, O, and W. FTIR analysis likely used for additional confirmation of functional groups. UV–Vis Analysis determined the band gap energy (Eg) of the nanoparticles, which decreased with raising the concentration of Eu doping. Optical properties of the band gap energy decreased with raising the concentration of Eu doping. Photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles exhibited high photocatalytic activity, with a 95.3 % methylene blue (MB) dye split when exposed to visible light. The Eu:WO 3 (7 wt%) nanoparticles showed the best photocatalytic property within 120 min. The Eu:WO 3 (7 wt%) nanoparticles showed the maximum antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus , with a zone of embarrassment of 19 mm. Overall, the study demonstrates the successful synthesis of Eu-doped WO 3 nanoparticles and their potential applications in photo catalysis and antibacterial activity, with promising results particularly at higher Eu doping concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]