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Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum (LPSG) biopolymer was co-electrospun in a hybrid nanofiber (HNF) structure using polyvinyl alcohol and polycaprolactone polymers. The obtained results showed the improvement in the hydrophilicity of HNFs with an increase in the LPSG content. In-vitro assay showed two stages of degradation of HNFs (34% and 4% weight loss within 24 h and 14 days, respectively). The antibacterial assay also showed the antibacterial activity of HNFs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria species. The biocompatibility of the LPSG-based nanofibers was also justified by the MTT assay against L929 fibroblast cells (97.4% cell viability). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteriophage (phage) has been reported to reduce the bacterial infection in delayed‐healing wounds and, as a result, aiding in the healing of said wounds. In this study we investigated whether the presence of phage itself could help repair delayed‐healing wounds in diabetic mice. Three strains of phage that target Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. To prevent the phage liquid from running off the wound, the mixture of phage (phage‐cocktail) was encapsulated in a porous hydrogel dressing made with three‐dimensional printing. The phage‐cocktail dressing was tested for its phage preservation and release efficacy, bacterial reduction, cytotoxicity with 3T3 fibroblast, and performance in repairing a sterile full‐thickness skin wound in diabetic mice. The phage‐cocktail dressing released 1.7%–5.7% of the phages embedded in 24 h, and reduced between 37%–79% of the surface bacteria compared with the blank dressing (p <.05). The phage‐cocktail dressing exhibited no sign of cytotoxicity after 3 days (p <.05). In vivo studies showed that 14 days after incision, the full‐thickness wound treated with a phage‐cocktail dressing had a higher wound healing ratio compared with the blank dressing and control (p <.01). Histological analysis showed that the structure of the skin layers in the group treated with phage‐cocktail dressing was restored in an orderly fashion. Compared with the blank dressing and control, the repaired tissue in the phage‐cocktail dressing group had new capillary vessels and no sign of inflammation in its dermis, and its epidermis had a higher degree of re‐epithelialization (p <.05). The slow‐released phage has demonstrated positive effects in repairing diabetic skin wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ideal antibacterial wound dressing with strong antibacterial behavior versus highly drug‐resistant bacteria and great wound‐healing capacity is still being developed. There is a clinical requirement to progress the current clinical cares that fail to fully restore the skin structure due to post‐wound infections. Here, we aim to introduce a novel two‐layer wound dressing using decellularized bovine skin (DBS) tissue and antibacterial nanofibers to design a bioactive scaffold with bio‐mimicking the native extracellular matrix of both dermis and epidermis. For this purpose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS) solution was loaded with antibiotics (colistin and meropenem) and electrospun on the surface of the DBS scaffold to fabricate a two‐layer antibacterial wound dressing (DBS‐PVA/CS/Abs). In detail, the characterization of the fabricated scaffold was conducted using biomechanical, biological, and antibacterial assays. Based on the results, the fabricated scaffold revealed a homogenous three‐dimensional microstructure with a connected pore network, a high porosity and swelling ratio, and favorable mechanical properties. In addition, according to the cell culture result, our fabricated two‐layer scaffold surface had a good interaction with fibroblast cells and provided an excellent substrate for cell proliferation and attachment. The antibacterial assay revealed a strong antibacterial activity of DBS‐PVA/CS/Abs against both standard strain and multidrug‐resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Our bilayer antibacterial wound dressing is strongly suggested as an admirable wound dressing for the management of infectious skin injuries and now promises to advance with preclinical and clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synergistic antibacterial effect of photothermal and drug treatments is a promising therapeutic method for treating the persistent bacterial infection of chronic wounds. In this study, we used electrospinning to fabricate functionalized poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofiber membranes as antibacterial wound dressings after incorporating tannic acid (TA) and ferric ion (Fe3+). The abilities of pH‐responsive controlled release TA and the photothermal effect of the membrane were obtained by introducing the TA/Fe3+ complexes. Additionally, the membrane had a defined nanofibrous network structure, excellent mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and water uptake ability. While the controlled release of TA endowed the membrane with high antibacterial properties at different pH values, the antibacterial ratio was further enhanced by approximately 10% under the photothermal synergistic effect. These results indicate that the PCL/TA/Fe3+ nanofiber membranes could be regarded as an ideal candidate for treating bacterial infection of chronic wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the management of burn wounds, antimicrobial and wound healing properties are crucial. In this study, we prepared a three-layer electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) membrane for burn wound dressing. The hydrophobic electrospun PCL layer, embedded with silver nanoparticles (SNPs) (PCL-Ag), was coated with another layer of electrospun plasma-treated PCL- Ag to enhance the wettability of the membrane. This enhancement was to facilitate the absorption of the hydrophilic chitosan oligomer (COS) - the third layer of the dressing. The resultant membranes were characterised and tested for different properties to demonstrate their applicability as wound dressing materials. The combination of COS and SNPs of the fabricated membrane supports the healing process and reduces burn severity due to the healing capacity of COS and the antibacterial activity of SNPs, without compromising mechanical strength. We conducted several in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate its applicability for burn wound healing. The PCL-Ag/COS sample demonstrated outstanding in vitro biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains. We used the membrane to treat burns on rabbits in the laboratory over 30 days, and consistently observed positive outcomes. This research offers insights into the development of bioactive dressings for wound healing and opens up opportunities for practical applications of COS-incorporated materials.

Post-wound infections have remained a serious threat to society and healthcare worldwide. Attempts are still being made to develop an ideal antibacterial wound dressing with high wound-healing potential and strong antibacterial activity against extensively drug-resistant bacteria (XDR). In this study, a biological-based sponge was made from decellularized human placenta (DPS) and then loaded with different concentrations (0, 16 µg/mL, 32 µg/mL, 64 µg/mL) of an antimicrobial peptide (AMP, CM11) to optimize an ideal antibacterial wound dressing. The decellularization of DPS was confirmed by histological evaluations and DNA content assay. The DPS loaded with different contents of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) showed uniform morphology under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cytobiocompatibility for human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Antibacterial assays indicated that the DPS/AMPs had antibacterial behavior against both standard strain and XDR Acinetobacter baumannii in a dose-dependent manner, as DPS loaded with 64 µg/mL showed the highest bacterial growth inhibition zone and elimination of bacteria under SEM than DPS alone and DPS loaded with 16 µg/mL and 32 µg/mL AMP concentrations. The subcutaneous implantation of all constructs in the animal model demonstrated no sign of acute immune system reaction and graft rejection, indicating in vivo biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Our findings suggest the DPS loaded with 64 µg/mL as an excellent antibacterial skin substitute, and now promises to proceed with pre-clinical and clinical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infection and poor cell recruitment are among the main factors that prolong wound healing. To address this, a strategy is required that can prevent infection while promoting tissue repair. Here, we have created a silver nanoparticle-based hydrogel composite that is antibacterial and provides nutrients for cell growth, while filling cavities of various geometries in wounds that are difficult to reach with other dressings. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by chemical reduction and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Using varying concentrations of AgNPs (200, 400, and 600 ppm), several collagen-based silver–hydrogel nanocomposite candidates were generated. The impact of these candidates on wound healing was assessed in a rat splinted wound model, while their ability to prevent wound infection from a contaminated surface was assessed using a rat subcutaneous infection model. Biocompatibility was assessed using the standard MTT assay and in vivo histological analyses. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical and stable, and while hydrogel alone did not have any antibacterial effect, AgNP–hydrogel composites showed significant antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Wound healing was found to be accelerated with AgNP–hydrogel composite treatment, and no negative effects were observed compared to the control group. The formulations were non-cytotoxic and did not differ significantly in hematological and biochemical factors from the control group in the in vivo study. By presenting promising antibacterial and wound healing activities, silver–hydrogel nanocomposite offers a safe therapeutic option that can be used as a functional scaffold for an acceleration of wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-based wound dressings are deployed for various types of wounds due to its broad antimicrobial activity. Most of the wound dressings are prepared by exhaustion or doping process, which requires excess quality of silver to be used and also leads to burst release. Electrospraying process provides an excellent opportunity to topically apply silver on cationic cellulosic substrates. The cationization of cellulose ensures better bonding of silver nanoparticles thereby ensuring durability for long periods. The developed wound dressing exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against E. Coli and S. Aureus.

This work focuses on the development and production of polyurethane foams with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities by using natural extracts. The foam dressings will help alleviate the pain patients experience from wound treatment. In this study, mangosteen extract, which has antibacterial properties, was combined with curcumin extract, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, to emphasize the importance of Thai herbs as the driving force of the Thailand economy. The three formulations of foam materials, Anti-inflame #1, Anti-inflame #2 and Anti-inflame #3, which contain the components of the natural extracts by using the extracts at various ratios, were investigated. The antibacterial activity results showed that the inhibition zones of Anti-inflame #1 and #3 were 7.25 ± 2.47 and 3.25 ± 0.71 mm, respectively, while Anti-inflame #2 application did not produce an inhibition zone. Anti-inflame #1 and #3 had the best bacterial reduction effects of 99.99% after 24 h. In addition, the toxicity of the foam wound dressings was analysed by studying the survival of L929 cells after 3 days of testing, and all Polyurethane foams (PU) showed survival rates greater than 80%, which was considered safe in this experiment. The antioxidant ability was examined by three methods, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, and Anti-inflame #3 with a mangosteen to curcumin extract ratio of 1:2 had the highest antioxidant effect, indicating that the developed foam has good properties for use as an antimicrobial wound dressing. Therefore, Anti-inflame #3 would be the optimal material in terms of antibacterial activity and antioxidant potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Textile substrates incorporated with antimicrobial agents offer a great advantage in treating chronic wounds infected with microbes. In this work, a simple one-step process is proposed to develop cellulosic nonwoven incorporated with silver nanoparticles using wet laying technique. In order to improve the dispersion of the fibers during wet laying and better binding of silver nanoparticles, the fibers were cationized using CHPTAC. The decrease in absorbance value of the drain at 470 nm confirms binding of nanosilver to the fiber. A maximum zone of inhibition of 18 mm and 19 mm was obtained for cationized web. The developed web can be used for wound dressing applications.

Infection is a major problem that increases the normal pH of the wound bed and interferes with wound healing. Natural biomaterials can serve as a suitable environment to acquire a great practical effect on the healing process. In this context, anthocyanin-rich red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra) extract and honey-loaded alginate hydrogel was fabricated using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent. The pH sensitivity of anthocyanins can be used as an indicator to monitor possible infection of the wound, while honey would promote the healing process by its intrinsic properties. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel film samples showed that honey acts as a plasticizer and that increasing the incorporation from 200% to 400% enhances the tensile strength from 3.22 to 6.15 MPa and elongation at break from 0.69% to 4.75%. Moreover, a water absorption and retention study showed that the hydrogel film is able to absorb about 250% water after 50 min and retain 40% of its absorbed water after 12 h. The disk diffusion test showed favorable antibacterial activity of the honey-loaded hydrogel against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of honey significantly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay proved the antioxidant activity of the honey and anthocyanin-containing hydrogel samples with more than 95% DPPH scavenging efficiency after 3 h. The pH-dependent property of the samples was investigated and recorded by observing the color change at different pH values of 4, 7, and 9 using different buffers. The result revealed a promising color change from red at pH = 4 to blue at pH = 7 and purple at pH = 9. An in vitro cell culture study of the samples using L929 mouse fibroblast cells showed excellent biocompatibility with significant increase in cell proliferation. Overall, this study provides a promising start and an antibacterial/antioxidant hydrogel with great potential to meet wound-dressing requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we proposed a straightforward electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) loaded with silver nanoparticles (SNPs) membrane fabrication process, in which SNPs were directly synthesized from silver nitrate (AgNO3) in PCL–acetone mixture by gamma irradiation. The insolubility of AgNO3 in PCL solution was solved using an auxiliary dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. As a physical approach, gamma rays readily converted silver ions into SNPs without the addition of harmful reduction agents, which reduced the cytotoxicity of the synthesized material. By avoiding some processes such as purification, solvent removal, or redispersion of SNPs, this method was more time-saving compared to other related studies. SNPs formation was confirmed by both UV–Visible spectrum (UV–Vis) and X-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the addition of SNPs significantly reduced the fiber diameter of PCL–Ag membranes compared to that of raw PCL. Uniform spherical-shaped SNPs incorporated in PCL fibers were observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tensile test showed that the electrospun PCL–Ag membranes exhibited good mechanical characteristics. Moisture easily penetrated the porous microstructure of PCL–Ag, facilitating wound humidity regulation. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was employed to study the release profiles of SNPs at different time intervals. Overall, the PCL–Ag 500 ppm sample exerted excellent antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains and low in vitro cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The silver nanoparticles present on the cationised wet laid samples showed enhanced antimicrobial activity due to better adsorption of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the functionalized fibrous mat. Keywords: Antibacterial wound dressing; cationisation; cellulose; electrospraying; silver; nonwoven; wet laid; ; ; ; ; ; ; . Biological Characterization The ideal wound dressing should absorb the wound extrudate from the wounds to enhance the wound healing rate. [Extracted from the article]

Ag-loaded hydrogels consisting of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate and bacterial cellulose (BC) with different compositions were synthesized via UV photopolymerization. They formed translucent brown sheets because of the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. The synthesized hydrogels contained an equilibrium water content of approximately 99.0%. High BC levels in the hydrogel structure enhanced the water capacity of the material. This indicates that the mechanism for the swelling process corresponded to the non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The 5 % BC hydrogel exhibited the loosest polymer network, as indicated by water absorption and kinetics studies of water uptake. The water retention (WR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) showed increasing trends with increased BC content, and the 15 % BC hydrogel showed the highest values of approximately 0.40 % and 45 g/m2/h for equilibrium WR and WVTR, respectively. Additionally, incorporation of 10 and 15 % BC into hydrogels significantly improved the mechanical properties with application of 0.25 and 0.30 MPa of stress, respectively, which constituted a dramatic increase when compared with the stress for 0 % BC (0.015 MPa). BC contents of 10 % and 15 % also resulted in Young's modulus values that were approximately 10 and 12 times greater, respectively, than those of the hydrogel without BC. This mechanical tensile strength enhancement resulted from increased fiber characteristics within the materials, as observed in scanning electron microscopy studies of hydrogel morphologies. Moreover, BC prolonged silver release from the hydrogels because of interactions between silver ions and BC chains, which resulted in cumulative levels of silver release ranging from approximately 55.0 % to 85.0 % depending on hydrogel composition. The antibacterial activity of the Ag-loaded hydrogel inhibited P. aeruginosa gram-negative bacteria and slightly inhibited S. aureus gram-positive bacteria, with inhibition zones of 1.6 and 1.3 mm. Consequently, the Ag-loaded hydrogels studied in this research might have potential for use as antibacterial wound dressing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synergistic multilayer membrane design is necessary to satisfy a multitude of requirements of an ideal wound dressing. In this study, trilayer dressings with asymmetric wettability, composed of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) base membranes coated with oligomer chitosan (COS) in various concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), are fabricated for wound dressing application. The membranes are expected to synergize the hygroscopic, antibacterial, hemostatic, and biocompatible properties of PCL and COS. The wound dressing was coated by spraying the solution of 3% COS and 6% PVP on the PCL base membrane (PVP6–3) three times, which shows good interaction with biological subjects, including bacterial strains and blood components. PVP6–3 samples confirm the diameter of inhibition zones of 20.0 ± 2.5 and 17.9 ± 2.5 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The membrane induces hemostasis with a blood clotting index of 74% after 5 min of contact. In the mice model, wounds treated with PVP6–3 closed 95% of the area after 10 days. Histological study determines the progression of skin regeneration with the construction of granulation tissue, new vascular systems, and hair follicles. Furthermore, the newly-growth skin shares structural resemblances to that of native tissue. This study suggests a simple approach to a multi-purpose wound dressing for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infection and poor cell recruitment are among the main factors that prolong wound healing. To address this, a strategy is required that can prevent infection while promoting tissue repair. Here, we have created a silver nanoparticle-based hydrogel composite that is antibacterial and provides nutrients for cell growth, while filling cavities of various geometries in wounds that are difficult to reach with other dressings. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by chemical reduction and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Using varying concentrations of AgNPs (200, 400, and 600 ppm), several collagen-based silver–hydrogel nanocomposite candidates were generated. The impact of these candidates on wound healing was assessed in a rat splinted wound model, while their ability to prevent wound infection from a contaminated surface was assessed using a rat subcutaneous infection model. Biocompatibility was assessed using the standard MTT assay and in vivo histological analyses. Synthesized AgNPs were spherical and stable, and while hydrogel alone did not have any antibacterial effect, AgNP–hydrogel composites showed significant antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. Wound healing was found to be accelerated with AgNP–hydrogel composite treatment, and no negative effects were observed compared to the control group. The formulations were non-cytotoxic and did not differ significantly in hematological and biochemical factors from the control group in the in vivo study. By presenting promising antibacterial and wound healing activities, silver–hydrogel nanocomposite offers a safe therapeutic option that can be used as a functional scaffold for an acceleration of wound healing.

Developing novel approaches for the treatment of fabric to inherit antibacterial properties is pursued with great interest considering the growing demand, intermittently creeping pandemic situations, and increased awareness of clean, healthy, and hygienic lifestyles. Herein, in the present work, we have developed bio-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by treating Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract with zinc acetate. Further, the ZnO NPs were coated on the cotton fabric using an environmentally friendly ultrasound-assisted coating method without the aid of binders. The as-synthesized ZnO NPs and ZnO-coated cotton fabric were investigated using XRD, FTIR, ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDAX, and TGA analysis. The antibacterial activity, wound healing, mechanical and wash durability properties of ZnO-coated cotton fabrics were also investigated. The results demonstrate that the ZnO-coated fabric exhibits significantly better antibacterial against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. In addition, the in-vivo studies revealed that ZnO NPs coated cotton shows faster wound healing than the control. Moreover, the coated fabric shows good adherence of ZnO NPs owing to the chemical bonding between NPs and cotton fabric. This chemical bonding gives good washing durability for up to 20 washing cycles. These findings suggest the potential of ZnO-coated antibacterial wound dressings for biomedical and healthcare applications. Fabrication of durable and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles coated cotton fabric for antibacterial and wound healing applications. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by green approach. • Binder-free deposition of ZnO NPs on cotton fabric by ultrasound-assisted method. • The ZnO NPs coated cotton shows significant antibacterial activity. • The finished fabric is a suitable substrate for wound dressing application. • The ZnO NPs coated cotton exhibited good laundering durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable and absorptive wound dresses with antibacterial activity are in demand to accelerate wound healing along with eliminating bacterial infection. Plant-derived naphthoquinones compounds such as lawsone have shown sustained antibacterial functions to avoid development of bacterial resistance by reducing pH or attaching to bacterial proteins. Here the nanofibrous mats based on chitosan/polyethylene oxide (PEO) fibers containing various concentrations of lawsone (0, 1, 3, 7, 10% wt.) were fabricated by electrospinning for potential applications as wound dressing materials. The results exhibited that the chitosan/PEO/Lawsone nanofibers possess antibacterial activity toward Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Surprisingly, the addition of lawsone in the proper amount into chitosan/PEO nanofibers not only introduced an antithetical property but also reduced the platform's cytotoxicity, promoting cell viability of normal human fibroblast cells. Accordingly, the achieved data suggest the potential application of biocompatible nanofibrous mats as an antibacterial wound dressing material.

Copyright of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chronic wound infections pose a major threat in wound care management. Recently, many functional materials have been introduced, to fabricate wound dressings. These wound dressing materials not only cover the wound but also facilitate its healing process. In this study, a novel nanostarch (NS) laden composite nanofibrous membrane of PCL was developed for wound dressing. Electrospun membrane loaded with 25 wt% NS (25NS@PCL), showed an average fiber diameter of 175 ± 37 nm with enhanced hydrophilicity, water uptake, water permeability, and biodegradation. The membrane exhibited good blood compatibility along with lower coagulation properties and high cell proliferation. Furthermore, this membrane displayed pH stimuli drug (gentamicin) releasing behavior and diffusion-controlled release kinetics. The drug-loaded 25NS@PCL membrane imparted antibacterial potency for a prolonged time against both Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These results confirmed that the 25NS@PCL membrane can be a promising candidate for the development of pH-responsive transdermal drug delivery material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Inadequate water-stability and antibacterial activity limit the biomedical application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based membranes in moist environments. In this work, we propose a strategy to improve the water-stability of PVA membranes via metal complexation and heat treatment. We report a simple routine where the zirconium-based UiO-66-NH 2 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are nucleated as a layer on the surface of PVA nanofibrous membranes (UiO-66-NH 2 @PVA NFMs). We find that the chemical modification of membranes increases their hydrophilicity and adds on mechanical support for the brittle UiO-66-NH 2 MOFs. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of UiO-66-NH 2 MOFs as drug carriers for antibacterial drug, levofloxacin (LV). The active drug component is preloaded during the one-step nucleation process. The obtained LV loaded UiO-66-NH 2 @PVA NFMs (LV@UiO-66-NH 2 @PVA) are shown to be bactericidal with the efficiency > 99.9% at 100 μg/mL against two bacterial species, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Compared with the commercially available gauzes, the UiO-66-NH 2 @PVA and LV@UiO-66-NH 2 @PVA treatments will significantly improve the wound healing process. Animal studies show that the LV@UiO-66-NH 2 @PVA will effectively offer a safe alternative solution for the patients to protect against bacterial infections, demonstrating the potential application of MOF-based NFMs as wound dressing agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection is a major problem that increases the normal pH of the wound bed and interferes with wound healing. Natural biomaterials can serve as a suitable environment to acquire a great practical effect on the healing process. In this context, anthocyanin-rich red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra) extract and honey-loaded alginate hydrogel was fabricated using calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent. The pH sensitivity of anthocyanins can be used as an indicator to monitor possible infection of the wound, while honey would promote the healing process by its intrinsic properties. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel film samples showed that honey acts as a plasticizer and that increasing the incorporation from 200% to 400% enhances the tensile strength from 3.22 to 6.15 MPa and elongation at break from 0.69% to 4.75%. Moreover, a water absorption and retention study showed that the hydrogel film is able to absorb about 250% water after 50 min and retain 40% of its absorbed water after 12 h. The disk diffusion test showed favorable antibacterial activity of the honey-loaded hydrogel against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of honey significantly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay proved the antioxidant activity of the honey and anthocyanin-containing hydrogel samples with more than 95% DPPH scavenging efficiency after 3 h. The pH-dependent property of the samples was investigated and recorded by observing the color change at different pH values of 4, 7, and 9 using different buffers. The result revealed a promising color change from red at pH = 4 to blue at pH = 7 and purple at pH = 9. An in vitro cell culture study of the samples using L929 mouse fibroblast cells showed excellent biocompatibility with significant increase in cell proliferation. Overall, this study provides a promising start and an antibacterial/antioxidant hydrogel with great potential to meet wound-dressing requirements.

The objective of the study was to produce modified cotton hydrogel composite wound dressings by antibacterial nisin incorporation and biocompatible carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCht):alginate impregnation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where an antibacterial polypeptide nisin containing hydrogel wound dressing was obtained for wound healing application. The produced hydrogel composite wound dressings retained their porous structures after polymer modification as well as they had an appropriate water vapor transmission rate. Furthermore, because of their hydrogel structures they had a high water up-take capacity and exhibited viscoelastic properties. They also had an antibacterial activity against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and no cytotoxicity on fibroblast cell. Texture profile analysis was used to obtain the mechanical properties of wound dressing for the first time and it was observed that wound dressings had a high compressive strength. Consequently, the produced hydrogel composite wound dressings would be suitable as a short-term dressing material for acute wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin wounds are susceptible to infection, leading to severe inflammatory reactions that can progress to chronic wounds, ultimately causing significant physical and mental distress to the patient. In this study, we propose an injectable composite hydrogel achieved through one-pot gelation of oxidized xyloglucan (OXG), cationic polyamide ε-poly-l-lysine (EPL), and surface amino-rich silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). OXG exhibits commendable anti-inflammatory properties and provides crosslinking sites. SiNPs serve as mechanically reinforced crosslinkers, facilitating the construction of a dynamic Schiff base network. SiNPs significantly reduced the gelation time to 3 s and tripled the storage modulus of the hydrogels. Additionally, the combination of EPL and SiNPs demonstrated synergistic antimicrobial activity against both S. aureus and E. coli. Notably, the hydrogel effectively halted liver bleeding within 30 s. The hydrogel demonstrated outstanding shear-thinning and self-healing properties, crucial considerations for the design of injectable hydrogels. Furthermore, its efficacy was evaluated as a wound dressing in a mouse model with S. aureus infection. The results indicated that, compared to commercial products, the hydrogel exhibited a shorter wound healing time, decreased inflammation, thinner epithelium, increased hair follicles, enhanced neovascularization, and more substantial collagen deposition. These findings strongly suggest the promising potential of the proposed hydrogel as an effective wound dressing for the treatment of infected wounds. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To combat the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, a locally isolated bacteriophage (HZJ) targeting H5α Escherichia coli was used as an antibacterial agent to make wound dressing samples in this study. The phages were physically embedded within an alginate hydrogel sample so that they could later be released with their tails being free during the infection process, which preserves their lytic activity. The HZJ phage isolated in the study have a 20 min latent period and are stable between pH 6 and pH 9 and at temperatures below 45 °C. The addition of phage to an E. coli culture suppressed over 99% of bacterial growth in 2-h (p < 0.001). Phage-embedded hydrogel fibers were used to create porous wound dressing material using three-dimensional (3D) printing. The majority of phage lytic activity (85%–90%) was preserved after encapsulation. After they were embedded in samples, HZJ lysed 57% to 67% of bacteria (p < 0.001) within 2 h and the antibacterial effects lasted at least 24 h. The small amount of phage released in 2 h was able to quickly replicate and effectively lysed the majority of the bacterial hosts. Phage-embedded alginate samples released 10% of its incorporated phage particles in 24 h. The SEM micrographs show that, compared to phage-free samples, fewer E.coli cells were observed on phage-embedded samples 2 h after bacteria were exposed to the samples. The phage-embedded sample was not cytotoxic to L929 cells. The presence of HZJ in alginate hydrogel promoted cell growth (p < 0.01) and adhesion to the samples. Further, the existence of phage did not alter the tensile strength and modulus of samples (p > 0.05). An antibacterial dressing capable of slowly releasing lytic phages and effectively suppressing bacterial growth for up to 24 h was produced in this study. This model represents an attractive means to reduce use of antibiotics and other additives in conventional dressings. Unlabelled Image • Bacteriophage-embedded hydrogel wound dressing successfully created by 3D plotting. • Purified phages lysed 99% bacteria in 2 h and stable under physiological conditions. • 0.03% bacteriophages released from dressing reduced 57% of bacteria in 2 h. • Lytic phages released from dressing exhibited antibacterial activity for up to 24 h. • Phage-embedded dressings are compatible with fibroblast cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual drug antibacterial wound dressings with biological materials possess crucial wound healing characteristics including biocompatibility, non-toxicity, degradability, mechanical strength and antibacterial properties. The study focusses on fabricating keratin (K)‑sodium alginate (A) based wound dressings by loading green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using C. roseus (leaf extract) and M. recutita (Chamomile flower part) herbal drug (CH) as a bioactive dual antibacterial wound dressing for the first time. The optimized ZnO NPs and CH exhibits strong physiochemical and electrostatic interactions (FT-IR, XRD and SEM) on the fabricated K-A-CH-ZnO biopolymeric mats. Moreover, the tiny porous network of the biopolymeric mat enhances thermal stability, hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and explores the water vapor transmission (2538.07 g/m2/day) and oxygen permeability (7.38 ± 0.31 g/m2) to maintain moist environment and cell-material interactions. During enzymatic degradation studies, ZnO NPs and CH of biopolymeric mat not only retains structural integrity but also increases the characteristic of swelling with sustained drug release (57 %) in 144 h which accelerates wound healing process. Also, K-A-CH-ZnO mat exhibited excellent antibacterial effects against B. subtilis and E. coli. Furthermore, NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell behavior using MTT assay and in vivo evaluations of biopolymeric mat depicted enhanced biocompatibility with increased collagen deposition at the wound site as a prominent dual drug medicated antimicrobial wound dressing. • Biosynthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using C.roseus (leaf part) imparts good antibacterial activity. • Impregnation of ZnO NPs and herbal drug in biopolymeric mat increases swelling, degradation and drug release profile. • Biopolymeric mats exhibits superior biocompatibility and cell proliferation in NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells. • Biopolymeric mat accelerates faster healing rate with enhanced collagen deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is an intricate and ever-evolving phenomenon that involves a series of biological processes and multiple stages. Despite the growing utilization of nanoparticles to enhance wound healing, these approaches often overlook properties like mechanical stability, toxicity, and efficacy. Hence, a multifunctional wound dressing is fabricated using Chitosan-PVA membrane crosslinked with vanillin and reinforced with nano-cellulose and CuO-Ag nanoparticles in this study. FTIR, SEM, and XRD were employed to study the morphology and structural properties of the membrane. Biomedical tests including biodegradability, antimicrobial study, cytotoxicity, and animal models were conducted to evaluate the membrane's performance as a wound healing material. The membrane displayed impressive mechanical strength, measuring as high as 49.985 ± 2.31 MPa, and had a hydrophilic nature, with moisture retention values up to 98.84 % and swelling percentages as high as 191.67 %. It also demonstrated biodegradable properties and high cell viability of up to 92.30 %. Additionally, the fabricated membranes exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with maximum zone of inhibition measuring 16.8 ± 0.7 mm and 9.2 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Moreover, the membranes also demonstrated superior wound healing properties. These results suggested great potential of fabricated membranes as an effective wound dressing material. [Display omitted] • Multifunctional dressing material for wound healing developed. • Membrane showed impressive mechanical strength (49.985 MPa). • High moisture retention (98.84 %) and swelling (191.67 %). • Membrane exhibited biodegradability and high cell viability (92.30 %). • Excellent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in the advancement of wound dressings strives to address specific issues related to infections, speed up the healing process, and enhance patient wellness, all of which will lead to improved wound care procedures. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Collagen (Col) nanofibers incorporated with Acanthophora spicifera extracts mediated copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and to evaluate their biocompatibility, anti-hemolytic properties, and antibacterial efficacy. The synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles were spherical and 58 ± 17 nm in size as evidenced by the field emission scanning electron microscopy. The fiber diameter of PCL, PCL/Col, PCL/Col/CuO 1%, PCL/Col/CuO 2%, and PCL/Col/CuO 5% was found to be 373 ± 141 nm, 281 ± 46 nm, 221 ± 57 nm, 173 ± 40 and 162 ± 47 nm respectively. Contact angle measurements revealed that the addition of copper oxide nanoparticles into Polycaprolactone/Collagen nanofibers resulted in a decrease in water contact angle from 86.9° to 50.8°. The biocompatibility of the composite nanofibers was evaluated in vitro using mouse fibroblast cells. The results established that copper oxide-imbued nanofibers were non-toxic and biocompatible. The hemolytic index for PCL/Col, PCL/Col/CuO 1%, PCL/Col/CuO 2%, and PCL/Col/CuO 5% scaffolds was 0.91 ± 0.14, 0.76 ± 0.14, 1.21 ± 0.19, and 1.52 ± 0.08 % respectively which was below the permissible value. Furthermore, the PCL/Col/CuO 5% nanofibers exhibited bactericidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli. These findings suggest the potential applications of copper oxide-infused nanofibers in various biomedical fields, including tissue engineering, antimicrobial coatings, and wound healing. [Display omitted] • A. spicifera mediated CuO NPs were spherical and homogenous in size (58 ± 17 nm). • CuO inclusion in PCL/Col nanofibers made the surface hydrophilic (WCA: 50°). • PCL/Col/CuO mats were non-toxic to fibroblast cells confirmed by MTT and CMFDA assays. • Hemolysis assay revealed CuO nanofibers were blood-compatible. • CuO nanofibrous mats were effective against S. aureus , MRSA and E. Coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main innovation of this study is to design a bilayered scaffold which mimics the basic structural assembles of natural skin as well as carries particular functions to stimulate the healing of severely damaged skin caused by a trauma or a serious burn. To mimic the physical structure of natural skin tissue, silk fibroin sponges with large pores were prepared by freeze-drying method as a dermis-like bottom layer. Heparin was then successfully immobilized to this layer to accelerate wound healing process. Silver sulphadiazine (AgSD), was added to the uppermost layer of the scaffolds, which consists of nanofibers with the thickness range of 117-513 nm.. SEM analysis indicated that both layers of the final construct were very well integrated and showed high level of water absorption capacity without losing this integrity Zone inhibition test against Gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus showed that scaffolds with min. 10% AgSD can inhibit bacterial growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanochitosan (NC) enriched Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous membranes were fabricated for controlled curcumin delivery and wound dressing. A significant increase in hydrophilicity, PBS sorption, and vapour transmission were observed by incorporation of NC in PCL. Hemolysis assay, blood clot kinetics and platelet adhesion studies on PCL/NC membranes confirmed the hemocompatibility of the scaffold. NC also imparts appropriate antibacterial activity and biocompatibility promising for a wound dressing material. 15% NC (PCL/15NC) loaded membrane exhibits excellent bioavailability and sustained release behaviour of curcumin at different pH of 7.4, 5.8 and 1.2 with pH sensitive nature. Thus, it can be concluded that PCL/15NC nanofibrous membrane is a promising material for wound dressings and transdermal patches with tunable drug releasing properties with pH stimulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound infections slow down the healing process and lead to complications such as septicemia, osteomyelitis, and even death. Although traditional methods relying on antibiotics are effective in controlling infection, they have led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Hydrogels with antimicrobial function become a viable option for reducing bacterial colonization and infection while also accelerating healing processes. Chitosan is extensively developed as antibacterial wound dressings due to its unique biochemical properties and inherent antibacterial activity. In this review, the recent research progress of chitosan-based hydrogels for infected wound treatment, including the fabrication methods, antibacterial mechanisms, antibacterial performance, wound healing efficacy, etc., is summarized. A concise assessment of current limitations and future trends is presented., (© 2023 The Authors. Macromolecular Bioscience published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) is considered to possess incredible potential in biomedical applications due to its innate unrivalled nano-fibrillar structure and versatile properties. However its use is largely restricted by inefficient production and by insufficient strength when it is in a highly swollen state. In this study, a fabric skeleton reinforced chitosan (CS)/BNC hydrogel with high mechanical reliability and antibacterial activity was fabricated by using an efficient dynamic culture that could reserve the nano-fibrillar structure. By adding CS in culture media to 0.25-0.75% (w/v) during bacterial cultivation, the CS/BNC composite hydrogel was biosynthesized in situ on a rotating drum composed of fabrics. With the proposed method, BNC biosynthesis became less sensitive to the adverse antibacterial effects of CS and the production time of the composite hydrogel with desirable thickness could be halved from 10 days to 5 days as compared to the conventional static cultures. Although its concentration was low in the medium, CS accounted for more than 38% of the CS/BNC dry weight. FE-SEM observation confirmed conservation of the nano-fibrillar networks and covering of CS on BNC. ATR-FTIR showed a decrease in the degree of intra-molecular hydrogen bonding and water absorption capacity was improved after compositing with CS. The fabric-reinforced CS/BNC composite exhibited bacteriostatic properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and significantly improved mechanical properties as compared to the BNC sheets from static culture. In summary, the fabric-reinforced CS/BNC composite constitutes a desired candidate for advanced wound dressings. From another perspective, coating of BNC or CS/BNC could upgrade the conventional wound dressings made of cotton gauze to reduce pain during wound healing, especially for burn patients.

The ethanolic extract of soursop leaves (SLE) has been proven to have antibacterial activity and can be used to cure some bacterial diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Eschercia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and it also has the ability to heal skin infections. In this study, SLE incorporated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as matrix polymer produced fibers by electrospinning process. Electrospinning is one of the techniques used in producing fibers up to nano size and applicable used as wound dressing. Wound dressing with fiber appearance and contained antibacterial agent was very important concerned in protection utterly bacterial and and the ability to synthesize protein better in the wound healing process. Composite fiber PVA/SLE synthesised from PVA solution and added SLE with 8-14% weight ratio into solution. This study showed: (1) successfully producing electrospun PVA/SLE composite fiber with average fiber diameter 121-137 nm, (2) process parameter for solution PVA/SLE spinned with voltage 8 kV, flow rate 0.2 mL/h and distance from collector to injection was 12 cm and from the in vitro test of antibacterial activity, the composite nanofibers were confirmed to be able to halt the growth of Staphylococcus aureus implying that the composite nanofibers could be applied as a good wound dressing material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to develop an in situ hybridized poly(vinyl alcohol)/calcium silicate (PVA/Ca 2 OSi) nanofibrous antibacterial wound dressing with calcium phosphate [Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ] surface precipitation for enhanced bioactivity. This was achieved by hybridizing the antibacterial ions Zn 2+ and/or Ag + in a Ca 2 O 4 Si composite. The hybridization effect on the thermal behavior, physicochemical, morphological, and physicomechanical properties of the nanofibers was studied using Differential Scanning calorimetric (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Textural Analysis, respectively. In vitro bioactivity, biodegradation and pH variations of the nanofiber composite were evaluated in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). The antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Hybridization of Zn 2+ and/or Ag + into the PVA/Ca 2 O 4 Si nanofiber composite was confirmed by DSC, XRD and FTIR. The thickness of the nanofibers was dependent on the presence of Zn 2+ and Ag + as confirmed by SEM. The nanofibers displayed enhanced tensile strength (19–115.73 MPa) compared to native PVA. Zn 2+ and/or Ag + hybridized nanofibers showed relatively enhanced in vitro bioactivity, biodegradation (90%) and antibacterial activity compared with the native PVA/Ca 2 O 4 Si nanofiber composite. Results of this study has shown that the PVA/Ca 2 O 4 Si composite hybridized with both Zn 2+ and Ag + may be promising as an antibacterial wound dressing with a nanofibrous archetype with enhanced bioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidized bacterial nanocellulose (O-BNC) is a favorable material to subdue bacterial infection because of the carboxylate content that not only has a weak antibacterial activity but also is capable of bonding electrostatically to polycationic antibacterial agents. In this study, the 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of BNC was optimized to achieve high carboxylate content while retaining an acceptable tensile profile. To develop an O-BNC-based functional wound dressing, ε-poly- l -lysine (PLL) was then covalently bonded with O-BNC via 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) reaction after homogeneous distribution by ultrasonication. The antibacterial activity of the obtained wound dressing was significantly higher (p < 0.05), and no toxicity was observed. The infected full-thickness wounds of rats were healed faster (p < 0.05) covered by the dressing due to less inflammation, faster blood vessel proliferation, and epidermal layer formation. The material is an effective and promising functional dressing for the treatment of infected wounds. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) has been used increasingly in various applications because of antibacterial properties; however, its cytotoxicity hampers application. On the other hand, there is a high affinity between the cell membrane complexes (CMCs) in wool structure and phospholipids of cationic nanoliposomes, leading to the transmission of cationic nanoliposomes into the wool. In this research, a novel method for PHMB controlled release is introduced by combining these facts. Firstly, PHMB was encapsulated into cationic liposome and then permeated into the wool to establish a highly controlled release then characterized through diverse methods. SEM images revealed successful transmission of cationic-liposome-encapsulated PHMB into the wool. The prepared wound dressings demonstrated highly sustained release for days and subsequently, long-term perfect antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. [Display omitted] • Transmission of cationic-liposome-encapsulated PHMB into the wool • PHMB highly controlled release rate based on diffusion mechanism • Synergistic antibacterial activity of PHMB and cationic liposome • Preparation of long-lasting antibacterial wool fabric [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral wounds are among the most troublesome injuries which easily affect the patients' quality of life. To date, the development of functional antibacterial dressings for oral wound healing remains a challenge. In this regard, we investigated antibacterial silk protein-based membranes for the application as wound dressings in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The present study includes five variants of casted membranes, i.e., i) membranes-silver nanoparticles (CM-Ag), ii) membranes-gentamicin (CM-G), iii) membranes-control (without functionalization) (CM-C), iv) membranes-silk sericin control (CM-SSC), and v) membranes-silk fibroin/silk sericin (CM-SF/SS), and three variants of nonwovens, i.e., i) silver nanoparticles (NW-Ag), ii) gentamicin (NW-G), iii) control (without functionalization) (NW-C). The surface structure of the samples was visualized with scanning electron microscopy. In addition, antibacterial testing was accomplished using agar diffusion assay, colony forming unit (CFU) analysis, and qrt-PCR. Following antibacterial assays, biocompatibility was evaluated by cell proliferation assay (XTT), cytotoxicity assay (LDH), and live-dead assay on L929 mouse fibroblasts. Findings indicated significantly lower bacterial colony growth and DNA counts for CM-Ag with a reduction of bacterial counts by 3log levels (99.9% reduction) in CFU and qrt-PCR assay compared to untreated control membranes (CM-C and CM-SSC) and membranes functionalized with gentamicin (CM-G and NW-G) (p < 0.001). Similarly, NW-G yielded significantly lower DNA and colony growth counts compared to NW-Ag and NW-C (p < 0.001). In conclusion, CM-Ag represented 1log level better antibacterial activity compared to NW-G, whereas NW-G showed better cytocompatibility for L929 cells. As data suggest, these two membranes have the potential of application in the field of bacteria-free oral wound healing. However, provided that loading strategy and cytocompatibility are adjusted according to the antibacterial agents' characteristic and fabrication technique of the membranes., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Infection is one of several factors that can delay normal wound healing. Antibacterial wound dressings can therefore promote normal wound healing. In this study, we prepared an antibacterial wound dressing, consisting of visible light-cured methacrylated collagen (ColMA) hydrogel and a 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD)/triclosan (TCS) complex (CD-ic-TCS), and evaluated its wound healing effects in vivo. The 1H NMR spectra of ColMA and CD-ic-TCS revealed characteristic peaks at 1.73, 5.55, 5.94, 6.43, 6.64, 6.84, 6.95, 7.31, and 7.55 ppm, indicating successful preparation of the two material types. In addition, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy proved an inclusion complex formation between HP-β-CD and TCS, judging by a unique peak observed at 280 cm−1. Furthermore, ColMA/CD-ic-TCS exhibited an interconnected porous structure, controlled release of TCS, good biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. By in vivo animal testing, we found that ColMA/CD-ic-TCS had a superior wound healing capacity, compared to the other hydrocolloids evaluated, due to synergistic interaction between ColMA and CD-ic-TCS. Together, our findings indicate that ColMA/CD-ic-TCS has a clinical potential as an antibacterial wound dressing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) grafted quaternized chitosan was successfully synthesized in this work. • Stereocomplexed electrospun nanofiber membrane with enhanced mechanical properties and thermal resistance was obtained. • The multi-functional membrane shows antibacterial and antioxidant abilities without cytotoxicity. • This material is potential for wound healing as a disinfectant wound dressing. Skin damage, especially the extensive full-thickness wound, is seriously affecting people's daily life and health. Meanwhile, wound healing is always challenged by bacterial infection. In this study, for the purpose of developing a disinfectant wound dressing, we designed a novel multi-functional nanofiber mats via electrospinning combining chitosan derivations and stereocomplex crystallite (SC). The SC membrane of poly (lactic acid)/chitosan derivatives were prepared via warming at 80 °C for 1 h. The thermal and mechanical properties of the heated mats were strengthened owing to the formation of SC, which restricted the lactide chains mobility. I n vivo wound healing test revealed that the SC mats have better wound repair ability than the control group with a wound healing rate of 100 % within 15 days. In a word, the biomass-based mats with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties, antibacterial effect and antioxidant activity, providing a potential multi-functional platform for designing of disinfectant wound dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High moisture permeability, excellent mechanical properties in a wet state, high water-holding capability, and high exudate absorption make bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) a favorable candidate for biomedical device production, especially wound dressings. The lack of antibacterial activity and healing-promoting ability are the main drawbacks that limit its wide application. Pullulan (Pul) is a nontoxic polymer that can promote wound healing. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are well-known as a safe antibacterial agent. In this study, aminoalkylsilane was chemically grafted on a BNC membrane (A- g -BNC) and used as a bridge to combine BNC with Pul-ZnO-NPs hybrid electrospun nanofibers. FTIR results confirmed the successful production of A- g -BNC/Pul-ZnO. The obtained dressing demonstrated blood clotting performance better than that of BNC. The dressing showed an ability to release ZnO, and its antibacterial activity was up to 5 log values higher than that of BNC. The cytotoxicity of the dressing toward L929 fibroblast cells clearly showed safety due to the proliferation of fibroblast cells. The animal test in a rat model indicated faster healing and re-epithelialization, small blood vessel formation, and collagen synthesis in the wounds covered by A- g -BNC/Pul-ZnO. The new functional dressing, fabricated with a cost-effective and easy method, not only showed excellent antibacterial activity but could also accelerate wound healing.

Burn wounds are susceptible to microbial invasion from both resident and exogenous bacteria, which becomes a critical public health issue and causes substantial economic burden. There is a perceived demand to produce new antimicrobial wound dressings that hinder bacterial colonization while accelerating the healing process and hence would provide an improved standard of care for patients. Since ancient times, herbal extracts from medicinally important plants have extensively been used for treating burn injuries. This work reports the utility of electrospun nanofibers containing plant extracts and antibiotics combination as a multifunctional scaffold for treating second-degree burns. First, we determined the various components of plant extracts from Gymnema sylvestre by two different processing methods and their synergism with minocycline antibiotics. Then, we prepared core-shell nanofibrous dressings with poly-ε-caprolactone/gelatin laden with minocycline hydrochloride as a shell and gelatin infused with G. sylvestre extracts (ultrasound-assisted extracts and cold macerated extracts) as the core using coaxial electrospinning. The electrospun nanofibers displayed a smooth, continuous, and bead-free morphology with adequate wettability. The presence of extract components in the core-shell nanofibers resulted in enhanced mechanical properties when compared to pristine mats. The core-shell structures resulted in sustained release of the bioactive components when compared to nanofiber blends. Core-shell nanofiber mats containing plant extracts and antibiotic combinations displayed potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties while promoting the spread and proliferation of skin cells when compared to pristine mats. In a porcine model of cutaneous second-degree burns, we showed that wounds treated with the antimicrobial dressing improved re-epithelialization and collagen organization in comparison to untreated wounds.