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Biosurfactants, naturally produced by plants and microorganisms, closely mimic synthetic surfactants in physiochemical properties, making them valuable alternatives in various applications. They serve as antimicrobial agents and play a crucial role in immune regulations. These compounds find wide use in industries like food processing, biodegradation, pharmaceuticals, and naturally present in the skin, brain, lungs, and gut, maintaining membrane permeability for organ health. This review outlines the basic characteristics and classes of biosurfactants (glycolipids, lipopeptides, phospholipids, and glycoproteins) and explores their biomedical importance, emphasizing their anti-adhesive, antimicrobial, and immune-modulating properties. This review aimed to provide outline the fundamental characteristics of biosurfactants and deliver a brief overview of their different classes, including glycolipids, lipopeptides, phospholipids, and glycoproteins. Furthermore, this review also explore their biomedical significance, highlighting their anti-adhesive, antimicrobial, and immune-modulating properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protective effects of corn protein hydrolysate (CPN) on gastric injury in mice induced by Helicobacter pylori infection were investigated. Healthy Kunming male mice were adaptively fed for seven days and randomly divided into six groups: normal, model, CPN200 (200 mg/kg mb), CPN400 (400 mg/kg mb), CPN600 (600 mg/kg mb) and positive control. The animal model of H. pylori infection was established by gastric administration of H. pylori. After administration of CPN for 5 continuous weeks, the levels of gastric antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines and nuclear transcription factors and gastric histological changes were measured. The results showed that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) significantly increased (P < 0.05)，the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the CPN groups when compared with the model group. Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and keratinocyte chemokines (KC) significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the levels of key metabolites such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) significantly decreased as well (P < 0.05). In conclusion, corn protein hydrolysate can significantly increase antioxidant capacity, reduce the degree of lipid peroxidation, attenuate gastric inflammatory response and inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, therefore exerting an antagonistic effect against gastric injury in mice induced by H. pylori infection.

Background: Biofilm formation on biomedical devices is a prevalent problem that can result in several complications and is responsible for over 80% of all clinical infections. Successful treatment of biofilms requires a 1500-fold increase in antibiotic concentration, which can lead to toxicity and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, biofilm growth and infection in biomedical devices are significant concerns, and their prevention is a crucial medical challenge. Objectives: To prevent biofilm infection by modifying the surface properties of medical devices, an oleamide–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) copolymer was synthesized to demonstrate anti-adhesion to bacteria and anti-biofilm activity. Catheter coatings for biomedical device applications were evaluated by blood toxicity. Results: We synthesized an oleamide–PDMS copolymer (OPC) and evaluated its anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm activities against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The OPC films inhibited the growth of biofilms by inhibiting early adhesion of bacteria. As the oleamide content increased, the ability of the OPC films to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus surface adhesion also increased. In addition, the biofilm formation ability of both E. coli and S. aureus was significantly inhibited at oleamide contents of 2.5 wt% and 5 wt% in the OPC films, respectively. OPC films were applied to the catheter using a simple dip-coating method, and a low hemolytic capacity was confirmed by hemolysis analysis. Conclusion: The anti-adhesion ability of OPC enables them to prevent biofilm growth and infection. Furthermore, they can be applied in medical devices owing to their high biocompatibility and poor hemolytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Display omitted] Adhesion of liquid foods on their packaging materials has caused significant food wastes and environment pollution, which has attracted great attention. Food grade superhydrophobic coatings are very promising to solve the issue but suffer from low mechanical stability and complex preparation methods. Herein, a food grade superhydrophobic coating for anti-adhesion of liquid foods was prepared by combining edible paraffin wax, polydimethylsiloxane-modified attapulgite natural nanorods and a food grade silicone adhesive. The concentration of polydimethylsiloxane-modified attapulgite, ultrasonication time and the volume ratio of the paraffin wax/attapulgite suspension to the silicone adhesive solution have great influences on wettability and morphology of the coatings. The coatings exhibit good static and dynamic superhydrophobicity due to their hierarchical micro-/nanostructure and low surface energy of the polydimethylsiloxane-modified attapulgite and paraffin wax. Moreover, the coatings exhibit good mechanical and chemical stability. The coatings are also highly repellent towards various liquid foods including the hot ones. Furthermore, the coatings are applicable onto various frequently used flexible and hard food packing materials including polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, aluminium alloy and paper, etc. Thus, the superhydrophobic coatings have great application potential in the food packing industry for anti-adhesion of liquid foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in biomedical devices are ingenious and indispensable in health care to save millions of lives. However, microbial contamination paves the way for biofilm colonisation on medical devices leading to device-associated infections with high morbidity and mortality. The biofilms elude antibiotics facilitating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the persistence of infections. This review explores nature-inspired concepts and multi-functional approaches for tuning in next-generation devices with antibacterial surfaces to mitigate resistant bacterial infections. Direct implementation of natural inspirations, like nanostructures on insect wings, shark skin, and lotus leaves, has proved promising in developing antibacterial, antiadhesive, and self-cleaning surfaces, including impressive SLIPS with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. Effective antimicrobial touch surfaces, photocatalytic coatings on medical devices, and conventional self-polishing coatings are also reviewed to develop multi-functional antibacterial surfaces to mitigate healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the development of micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with hollow CuS NPs (p-CuS@PDMS) designed for both anti-adhesive and photothermal sterilization applications. Hollow CuS nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via the Kirkendall effect were incorporated into PDMS films to enhance the photothermal conversion. Micropatterning, achieved through a yogurt lid templating method, increased surface roughness and hydrophobicity and significantly reduced bacterial adhesion. The improved anti-adhesive properties were demonstrated by water contact angle measurements, which showed an increase of 24° from 103° to 127° for the micropatterned p-CuS@PDMS films. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the p-CuS@PDMS films achieved a temperature increase of 91 °C with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 73 %, which is much higher than the 61 °C achieved by plain PDMS. The presence of CuS NPs in the PDMS matrix improved the bacterial inactivation rates, with p-CuS@PDMS achieving a 99 % bacterial kill rate after 90 s of irradiation. Although the anti-adhesive properties were influenced more by micropatterning, the combination of CuS and micropatterning provided a synergistic effect. These results demonstrate the potential of p-CuS@PDMS films for applications in healthcare and packaging, where effective sterilization and bacterial resistance are critical. [Display omitted] • Micropatterned PDMS films with hollow CuS NPs (p-CuS@PDMS) were designed. • The films showed improved the bacterial inactivation rates under NIR irradiation. • Synergistic effect of CuS NPs and micropatterning improved anti-adhesive properties. • The films are suitable for anti-adhesive and photothermal sterilization applications. • p-CuS@PDMS films have potential applications in healthcare and packaging industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial biofilms play a dominant role in the failure of endodontic therapies. Bacterial adhesion is the first step in the establishment of biofilms, activating the host immune response leading to tissue damage. Biosurfactants are microbe‐derived tensioactive molecules with latent anti‐adhesive and anti‐microbial activity. This study reports the extraction and characterization of a biosurfactant from Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum (Lp‐BS) and investigates its anti‐microbial and anti‐adhesive properties compared to rhamnolipid, a commercially available biosurfactant. Lp‐BS, extracted from L. plantarum during the growth phase, was characterized as a glycoprotein, able to reduce surface tension and emulsify non‐polar liquids. Proteomic analysis of Lp‐BS identified three bacterial adhesin‐like proteins, suggesting roles in hindering bacterial adhesion. Lp‐BS did not show significant anti‐microbial activity against endodontic pathogens from the Streptococcus (Strep.) anginosus group or Enterococcus (Ent.) faecalis at 50 mg/ml. However, anti‐adhesive activity on abiotic surfaces was observed against both Strep. anginosus and Strep. intermedius. Rhamnolipid exhibited strong anti‐microbial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.097 mg/ml against Strep. anginosus, and 0.048 mg/ml against Strep. constellatus and Strep. intermedius, in addition to a marked anti‐adhesive activity. These findings offer preliminary evidence for the potential application of biosurfactants as an anti‐microbial and/or anti‐adhesive pharmacotherapy in endodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic coatings on iron surface have a wide application potential in medical instruments, chemical industrial equipment, and house construction. In this work, we developed a multi-functional superhydrophobic coating on iron surface with a high air/water contact angle of 162.3° and a low sliding angle of 2.4°. The construction of superhydrophobic coating involves physical friction processing to fabricate micropatterns and structures, followed by annealing treatment and surface chemical modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-tridecafluoro-n-octyltrimethoxysilane. The obtained organic–inorganic composite material exhibited considerable optimization potential to anti-condensation performance. The low surface energy of the superhydrophobic coating also leads to poor adhesion of water, dust, and blood platelets, which is beneficial for applications in medical devices. The electrochemical and impedance test results demonstrated that the superhydrophobic surface provided effective corrosion protection for the iron substrate, with an 84.63% increase in corrosion protection efficiency. The experimental results showed that the anti-bacterial ratios reached 90% for E. coli and 85% for S. epidermidis, while the anti-bacterial ratios of ordinary iron were only 8% for E. coli and 15% for S. epidermidis, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new approaches to prevent microbial surface adhesion and biofilm formation is an emerging need following the growing understanding of the impact of biofilm-related infections on human health. Staphylococcus epidermidis, with its ability to form biofilm and colonize biomaterials, represents the most frequent causative agent involved in infections of medical devices. In the research of new anti-biofilm agents against S. epidermidis biofilm, Antarctic marine bacteria represent an untapped reservoir of biodiversity. In the present study, the attention was focused on Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020, an Antarctic marine bacterium that produces molecules able to impair the initial attachment of S. epidermidis strains to the polystyrene surface. The setup of suitable purification protocols allowed the identification by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS analysis of a protein–polysaccharide complex named CATASAN. This complex proved to be a very effective anti-biofilm agent. Indeed, it not only interferes with cell surface attachment, but also prevents biofilm formation and affects the mature biofilm matrix structure of S. epidermidis. Moreover, CATASAN is endowed with a good emulsification activity in a wide range of pH and temperature. Therefore, its use can be easily extended to different biotechnological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine dust generated by particulate matter (PM) pollution is a serious ecological issue in industrialized countries and causes disorders of the respiratory system and skin in humans. In the previous study, Sargassum fusiforme was treated with citric acid to remove heavy metals. In this study, the transfer of PM-mediated inflammatory responses through the skin to macrophages was evaluated. Moreover, the anti-adhesive effects of calcium alginate isolated from S. fusiforme (SFCA) against PM-induced inflammation were investigated. The structures of processing and unprocessing SFCA were then analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), revealing minimal change after acid-processing. SFCA had protective effects both in PM-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. In cellular environments, it was found that SFCA attenuated signal protein expressions such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, macrophages were added to the culture medium of PM-stimulated keratinocytes to induce inflammation. SFCA was observed to significantly inhibit inflammatory responses; additionally, SFCA showed an in vivo anti-adhesive effect in zebrafish embryos.

There is a wide application field for anti-adhesive and hydrophobic coatings, stretching from self-cleaning surfaces over anti-graffiti and release coatings to demolding aids in the production of polymers. The typical materials for the latter are hard coatings, including TiN, CrN, diamond-like carbon, etc. Alternatively, organosilane coatings based on perfluorinated compounds or molecules with long alkyl side chains can be employed. Although these functional layers are generally required to be invisible, there is a demand for a straightforward approach, which enables the temporary control of successful and homogeneous application as well as abrasion and wear of the coatings during use. For this purpose, a visibility-on-demand property was introduced to an already established anti-adhesive organosilane coating by incorporation of 1,8-naphthalimide-N-propyltriethoxysilane (NIPTES) as a fluorescent marker molecule. While the naphthalimide unit provides blue fluorescence under UV irradiation, the ethoxy groups of NIPTES enable the covalent coupling to the coating as a result of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions. As a consequence, the fluorescent marker molecule NIPTES can simply be added to the coating solution as an additional organosilane component, without the need for changes in the approved deposition procedure. The generated fluorescent anti-adhesive coatings were characterized by contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as by different spectroscopic techniques, including FTIR, UV-Vis, fluorescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the on-demand control function provided by the introduced fluorescence properties was evaluated along an injection molding process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intra-abdominal adhesions are frequent side effects of surgery, associated with risks of serious complications such as abdominal pain, infertility, and small bowel obstruction. This study investigated a new autologous blood-based approach to adhesion prophylaxis. Two autologous blood-derived patches (whole-blood-derived, n = 20, and plasma-derived, n = 20) were evaluated as anti-adhesives. The patches were tested in a rat uterine horn damage model. We simulated an intraabdominal surgery by cauterizing and suturing the uterine horns and created an opposing damage by denuding a part of the abdominal wall. Each rat served as its own control with one treated uterine horn and one untreated. After 14 d of post-surgical recovery, the adhesions were assessed and graded macroscopically and microscopically. Statistical analyses were performed with Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann–Whitney U tests. Both whole-blood and plasma-derived patches resulted in significantly less macroscopic adhesions than were found in untreated uterine horns (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Unpaired analysis found no significant differences between the whole-blood and plasma-derived patch outcomes in this study design. Histopathological evaluation of inflammation and fibrosis did not reveal significant differences between the patches and their matched controls. The autologous blood-derived patches reduced macroscopic adhesion formation significantly compared with no treatment. There were no adverse events and no histological differences between treatment and control, suggesting that the treatments were feasible and safe. In summary, this study confirms the potential of autologous anti-adhesives for the use in intraabdominal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial colonization and development of infections in wounds is a sign of chronicity. The prevailing approach to manage and treat these wounds involves dressings. However, these often fail in effectively addressing infections, as they struggle to both absorb exudates and maintain optimal local moisture. The system here presented was conceptualized with a three-layer design: the outer layer made of a fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) film, to act as a barrier for preventing microorganisms and impurities from reaching the wound; the intermediate layer formed of a sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel loaded with ampicillin (Amp) for fighting infections; and the inner layer comprised of a fibrous film of PCL and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for facilitating cell recognition and preventing wound adhesion. Thermal evaluations, degradation, wettability and release behavior testing confirmed the system resistance overtime. The sandwich demonstrated the capability for absorbing exudates (≈70 %) and exhibited a controlled release of Amp for up to 24 h. Antimicrobial testing was performed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as representatives of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: >99 % elimination of bacteria. Cell cytotoxicity assessments showed high cytocompatibility levels, confirming the safety of the proposed sandwich system. Adhesion assays confirmed the system ease of detaching without mechanical effort (0.37 N). Data established the efficiency of the sandwich-like system, suggesting promising applications in infected wound care., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Helena P. Felgueiras reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Ana R.M. Ribeiro reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Marta O. Teixeira reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Tania D. Tavares reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Catarina S. Miranda reports financial support was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction. Microbial surfactants can affect the degree of microorganism's adhesion to different surfaces and lead to biodegradation of the already formed biofilms. They are also non-toxic to the environment. These properties allow to use the microbial surfactants in medicine and food industry. Material and methods. Surfactants were obtained by cultivation of the Rhodococcus erythropolis IMV Ac-5017 on waste from biodiesel production, used sunflower oil after frying meat, potatoes, onions, and cheese. The surfactants were extracted from the supernatant of cultural liquid by a Folch mixture. The anti-adhesive activity and the degree of destruction of biofilms were determined by spectrophotometric method. Results and discussion. It was found that surfactants obtained by cultivation of R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017 on waste mixed sunflower oil reduce the adhesion of yeast Candida albicans D-6, Candida utilis BVS-65, Candida tropicalis PE-2 and bacterial strains Escherichia coli IEM-1, Bacillus subtilis BT-2, Pseudomonas sp. MI-2 to abiotic surfaces (tiles, steel and glass) by 51-73% and 57-86%, respectively. The effectiveness of the anti-adhesive activity of surfactants, obtained on waste from biodiesel production as a substrate against the studied yeast and bacterial cultures was lower (44-77%). The ability of surfactants to destroy of bacterial biofilms by 44-73% was achieved at low concentrations of surfactants (8-15 µg/ml) synthesized on different waste oil. Surfactants were equally effective in destroying biofilms (72-80%) of Candida genus and their activities were not depended on the nature of carbon source in the culture medium of R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017. Conclusion. The obtained results show the possibility of using surfactants of R. erythropolis IMV Ac-5017, gained on industrial waste, as effective anti-adhesive and antibiofilm agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus species exhibit interesting therapeutic potential. However, their clinical use remains limited due to their low stability, undesirable interactions with host macromolecules, and their potential toxicity to mammalian cells. The present work aims to develop suitable lipopeptide-loaded chitosan nanoparticles with improved biological properties and reduced toxicity. Surfactin and bacillomycin D lipopeptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B84 strain were loaded onto chitosan nanoparticles by ionotropic gelation process. Nanoformulated lipopeptides exhibit an average size of 569 nm, a zeta potential range of 38.8 mV, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 85.58%. Treatment of Candida (C.) albicans cells with encapsulated lipopeptides induced anti-adhesive activity of 81.17% and decreased cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) by 25.53% at 2000 µg/mL. Nanoformulated lipopeptides also induced antileishmanial activity against Leishmania (L.) major promastigote and amastigote forms at respective IC50 values of 14.37 µg/mL and 22.45 µg/mL. Nanoencapsulated lipopeptides exerted low cytotoxicity towards human erythrocytes and Raw 264.7 macrophage cell line with respective HC50 and LC50 values of 770 µg/mL and 234.56 µg/mL. Nanoencapsulated lipopeptides could be used as a potential delivery system of lipopeptides to improve their anti-adhesive effect against C. albicans cells colonizing medical devices and their anti-infectious activity against leishmania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new approaches to prevent microbial surface adhesion and biofilm formation is an emerging need following the growing understanding of the impact of biofilm-related infections on human health. Staphylococcus epidermidis, with its ability to form biofilm and colonize biomaterials, represents the most frequent causative agent involved in infections of medical devices. In the research of new anti-biofilm agents against S. epidermidis biofilm, Antarctic marine bacteria represent an untapped reservoir of biodiversity. In the present study, the attention was focused on Psychrobacter sp. TAE2020, an Antarctic marine bacterium that produces molecules able to impair the initial attachment of S. epidermidis strains to the polystyrene surface. The setup of suitable purification protocols allowed the identification by NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS/MS analysis of a protein–polysaccharide complex named CATASAN. This complex proved to be a very effective anti-biofilm agent. Indeed, it not only interferes with cell surface attachment, but also prevents biofilm formation and affects the mature biofilm matrix structure of S. epidermidis. Moreover, CATASAN is endowed with a good emulsification activity in a wide range of pH and temperature. Therefore, its use can be easily extended to different biotechnological applications.

Textiles that protect against bacterial nosocomial infections are vital owing to the associated high morbidity, mortality, and a series of challenges that remain in the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria. To overcome these hurdles, a universal coating was developed by combining g-C3N4/ZIF-8 heterojunction nanoparticles and hydrophobic waterborne polyurethane (PU) to form protective textiles with remarkable antibacterial, anti-adhesive, and antifouling performance. The g-C3N4/ZIF-8 nanoparticles produce reactive oxygen species to render Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus inactive upon visible light illumination, while hydrophobic waterborne PU hinders bacterial adhesion on coated textiles. The synergy of photocatalytic nanoparticles and hydrophobic polymers is what endows textiles with these remarkable antibacterial properties. Moreover, coated textiles also demonstrate antifouling ability, such as the degradation of methylene blue dyes under visible light illumination. As a proof of concept, this coating was applied to common masks, which were then found to exhibit prominent antibacterial properties. The coating design proposed in this study provides a scalable strategy for the preparation of commercial antibacterial textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Secondary caries is the main reason for failure of composite fillings. • New antibacterial composites have proven to modify biofilm formation in qualitative and quantitative ways. • New antiadhesive composites have shown to diminish bacterial adhesion. • Biocompatibility was tested using LDH, BrdU, MTT, TGF-ß1, IL-8. • Antibacterial composites damage human gingival fibroblasts; antiadhesives do not. Aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of four experimental antiadhesive and antibacterial dental filling composites on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). For these experimental resin composites a delivery system based on novel polymeric hollow beads, loaded with Tego Protect (Aa1), Dimethicone (Aa2), Irgasan (Ab1) and methacrylated polymerizable Irgasan (Ab2) as active agents was used. The cultured HGFs' cell integrity, proliferation, viability, collagen synthesis and cytokine release were measured. For this purpose, human gingival fibroblasts were treated with eluates from all four composites and compared with an experimental standard composite (ST). Eluate extraction times 24 h and 168 h were chosen. Statistical analysis was conducted via a mixed model. Both antibacterial composites reduced proliferation, collagen and cytokine synthesis significantly (p < 0.05), increasing with time of elution. Ab1 did also have a damaging effect on the membrane and on cell viability. Overall, it can be concluded that the antiadhesive composites showed clear advantages over the antibacterial composites in terms of biocompatibility. This study also continues to show the potential of the new poly-pore system, as it can be used for a variety of other applications in future composite mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae), known as "Labada" in Turkey, was reported to be used for the treatment of gynecological diseases such as postpartum complications and infertility in folk medicine. Earlier studies on R. crispus have shown that leaf, fruit and root extracts have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and are used for the treatment of tumors in the uterus. The hypothesis of this study is that R. crispus may generate potential anti-adhesive activity against complex factors such as inflammation, oxidation and fibrosis. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the potential anti-adhesive activity of aqueous methanol extracts of leaves, fruits and roots of R. crispus. Methods: Abdominal adhesion model was performed in 72 female Wistar Albino rats. In the first step of the experiment, the rats were divided into six groups namely, Sham, Control, Reference and Experimental Groups (consisting of three sub-groups in which R. crispus leaf, fruit and root extracts were applied at 100 mg/kg dose). The test samples were administered once to the peritoneal cavity and the rats were sacrificied at the end of the 14th day. Root extract showed prominent activity, therefore this extract was subjected to fractionation to obtain 3 fractions (30–60–100% methanol fractions) by using vacuum-liquid chromatography. In the second stage, animals were divided into 6 groups as Sham, Control, Reference and Experimental Groups (R30, R60, R100 at 100 mg/kg dose). Adhesion scoring, tissue total antioxidant and oxidant levels, histopathological and immunohistochemical (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) analyzes were performed. Results and conclusion: Adhesion scores, inflammatory cytokines and inflammation cells decreased by the application of R. crispus root extract. The fractions also showed similar anti-inflammatory effects, but R60 was found to be more effective in prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions and uterine fibrosis. R60 fraction, possessing potential bioactivity, was investigated in terms of phenolic composition by HPLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we aim to investigate the antifungal effect and mechanism of action of sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) against Candida albicans. Microdilution analysis results showed that SNH possesses potent inhibitory activity against C. albicans SC5314, with a MIC80 of 256 μg/mL. Furthermore, we found that SNH can effectively inhibit the initial adhesion of C. albicans. Inverted microscopy, crystal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy results showed that morphological changes during the transition from yeast to hypha and the biofilm formation of C. albicans are repressed by SNH treatment. We also found that SNH can effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of clinical C. albicans strains (Z103, Z3044, Z1402, and Z1407) and SNH in combination with fluconazole, berberine chloride, caspofungin and itraconazole antifungal agents can synergistically inhibit the biofilm formation of C. albicans. Eukaryotic transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR results showed that SNH treatment resulted in significantly down-regulated expression in several biofilm formation related genes in the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway (ALS1, ALA1, ALS3, EAP1, RAS1, EFG1, HWP1, and TEC1) and significantly up-regulated expression in yeast form-associated genes (YWP1 and RHD1). We also found that SNH can effectively reduce the production of key messenger cAMP in the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway. Furthermore, using Galleria mellonella as an in vivo model we found that SNH can effectively treat C. albicans infection in vivo. Our presented results suggest that SNH exhibits potential antibiofilm effects related to inhibiting the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway in the biofilm formation of C. albicans.

Aims: Today, probiotic bacteria can be used as safe and suitable candidates for the prevention of pathogenic bacterial infections. They produce antimicrobial components and compete with pathogens for host cell receptors. The present study aimed at evaluating probiotic lactobacilli antagonistic and antiadhesive activities against multi-antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burned patients. Methodology and results: This study examined 100 strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolated from patients, who were admitted to the burn units of hospitals. Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum against P. aeruginosa was determined by a modified double layer and well diffusion methods. The antiadhesive effects of two probiotic lactobacilli and co-aggregation assay were determined by the microtiter plate method. Finally, the expression of two main adhesion genes, algD, and pelA was investigated in 100 MDR P. aeruginosa isolates via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Based on the results, the algD gene was detected in 97 out of 100 P. aeruginosa isolates, and the pelA gene was found in all of the isolates. Based on our findings, lactobacilli bacteria exerted good inhibitory effects on P. aeruginosa, especially on algD and pelA expression. Also, co-aggregation and antiadhesive results showed the positive effects of lactobacilli on P. aeruginosa. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Probiotic lactobacilli can be a new suitable candidate for controlling P. aeruginosa infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In abdominal wall defect repair, surgical site infection (SSI) remains the primary cause of failure, while complications like visceral adhesions present significant challenges following patch implantation. We designed a Janus multifunctional hydrogel patch (JMP) with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adhesive properties. The patch comprises two distinct layers: a pro-healing layer and an anti-adhesion layer. The pro-healing layer was created by a simple mixture of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), quaternized chitosan (QCS), and gallic acid (GA), crosslinked to form PVA/QCS/GA (PQG) hydrogels through GA's self-assembly effect and hydrogen bonding. Additionally, the PVA anti-adhesive layer was constructed using a drying-assisted salting method, providing a smooth and dense physical barrier to prevent visceral adhesion while offering essential mechanical support to the abdominal wall. The hydrogel patch demonstrates widely adjustable mechanical properties, exceptional biocompatibility, and potent antimicrobial properties, along with a sustained and stable release of antioxidants. In rat models of skin and abdominal wall defects, the JMP effectively promoted tissue healing by controlling infection, inhibiting inflammation, stimulating neovascularization, and successfully preventing the formation of visceral adhesions. These compelling results highlight the JMP's potential to improve the success rate of abdominal wall defect repair and reduce surgical complications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using polypropylene as the substrate, food grade silicone oil and polytetrafluoroethylene (respectively and simultaneously) were added to the PP resin, blended and extruded, and the obtained masterbatch was directly cast into film. Then the mechanical properties, microstructure, thermal stability and optical properties of the films with the different addition of silicone oil and polytetrafluoroethylene were investigated. The results show that the added modifiers could affect the properties of the film all. When the silicone oil content was 7% and the PTFE content was 8%, the contact angle of the film was large and the anti-adhesion effect was most obvious, so it could be used as an anti-adhesive film in practical life to reduce waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A coating with anti-adhesive and bactericidal properties was prepared. • Tobramycin works as a bactericidal agent and a cross-linker in polyimide networks. • The coating can be obtained via a facile one-step Schiff-base reaction. Herein, we report an effective bacterial anti-adhesive and bactericidal coating based on a Schiff-base reaction. The hydrophilic polyoxyethylene-bis-amine (PEG-bis-amine) is introduced in the system to endow the coating with valid bacterial anti-adhesive performance, while the tobramycin (Tob) with multi-amines serves as both a bactericidal agent and one of the cross-linkers for the construction of polyimide networks. The coating is obtained via a facile solvent-annealing method. This type of dual-functional antibacterial coating may provide as an excellent antibacterial platform for broad applications in bactericidal surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a study of Sevuparin, a drug that is chemically derived from heparin and in which most of the anticoagulant activity has been removed while retaining the anti-adhesive effect. Topic discusses about drug which blocks adhesion of sickle red blood cells and sickleleucocyte on immobilized L-selectin in a dose dependent manner; and study related to sevuparin dose response of sickle whole blood adhesion and sickle leucocyte dynamic adhesion to L-selectin.

Bacterial fimbriae are an important virulence factor mediating adhesion to both biotic and abiotic surfaces and facilitating biofilm formation. The expression of type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli is a key virulence factor for urinary tract infections and catheter-associated urinary tract infections, which represent the most common nosocomial infections. New strategies to reduce adhesion of bacteria to surfaces is therefore warranted. The aim of the present study was to investigate how surfaces with different nanotopography-influenced fimbriae-mediated adhesion. Surfaces with three different nanopattern surface coverages made in polycarbonate were fabricated by injection molding from electron beam lithography nanopatterned templates. The surfaces were constructed with features of approximately 40 nm width and 25 nm height with 100 nm, 250 nm, and 500 nm interspace distance, respectively. The role of fimbriae type 1-mediated adhesion was investigated using the E. coli wild type BW25113 and ΔfimA (with a knockout of major pilus protein FimA) and ΔfimH (with a knockout of minor protein FimH) mutants. For the surfaces with nanotopography, all strains adhered least to areas with the largest interpillar distance (500 nm). For the E. coli wild type, no difference in adhesion between surfaces without pillars and the largest interpillar distance was observed. For the deletion mutants, increased adhesion was observed for surfaces without pillars compared to surfaces with the largest interpillar distance. The presence of a fully functional type 1 fimbria decreased the bacterial adhesion to the nanopatterned surfaces in comparison to the mutants.

Objective(s):Serratia marcescens is one of the nosocomial pathogen. The ability to form biofilm is an important feature in the pathogenesis of S. marcescens. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-adhesive properties of a biosurfactant isolated from Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, on S. marcescens strains. Materials and Methods: Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, was selected as a probiotic strain to produce biosurfactant. Anti-adhesive activities was determined by pre-coating and co- incubating methods in 96-well culture plates. Results: The FTIR analysis of derived biosurfactant revealed the composition as protein component. Because of the release of such biosurfactants, L. acidophilus was able to interfere with the adhesion and biofilm formation of the S. marcescens strains. In co- incubation method this biosurfactant in 2.5 mg/ml concentration showed anti-adhesive activity against all tested strains of S. marcescens (P

Numerous investigations of microbial surface-active compounds or biosurfactants over the past two decades have led to the discovery of many interesting physicochemical and biological properties including antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and therapeutic among many other pharmaceutical and medical applications. Microbial control and inhibition strategies involving the use of antibiotics are becoming continually challenged due to the emergence of resistant strains mostly embedded within biofilm formations that are difficult to eradicate. Different aspects of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm control are becoming issues of increasing importance in clinical, hygiene, therapeutic and other applications. Biosurfactants research has resulted in increasing interest into their ability to inhibit microbial activity and disperse microbial biofilms in addition to being mostly nontoxic and stable at extremes conditions. Some biosurfactants are now in use in clinical, food and environmental fields, whilst others remain under investigation and development. The dispersal properties of biosurfactants have been shown to rival that of conventional inhibitory agents against bacterial, fungal and yeast biofilms as well as viral membrane structures. This presents them as potential candidates for future uses in new generations of antimicrobial agents or as adjuvants to other antibiotics and use as preservatives for microbial suppression and eradication strategies.

Abstract In order to solve problems of high viscous resin adhering on machine or tool surfaces in manufacturing resin based composites, a superhydrophobic and anti-adhesive surface was prepared and investigated. Micro/nanoscale hierarchical structures in shape of volcanic vents were fabricated on high-speed steel surfaces via laser processing. After being hydrophobized by fluoroalkylsilane solution, the microprotruding surfaces showed great hydrophobicity and even superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 157.2° and sliding angle of 2.8°. Besides, the surfaces also displayed low wettability and excellent anti-adhesivity for highly viscous epoxy resin, with a best resin contact angle of 149.7° and sliding angle of 7.3°. As microprotruding diameters and spacings decreased from 500 to 100 μm, and heights rose from 14 to 54 μm, both water and resin contact angles increased while sliding angles decreased. The decrease of microprotruding diameter and spacing as well as the raise of height could increase surface roughness, enlarge air-liquid interface fraction and reduce actual contact area between liquid and the steel surface. Thus the wetting mode of the microstructured surface changed from Wenzel's mode to Cassie's mode, leading to a reduction of wettability and an enhancement of anti-resin-adhesivity on the surface. Highlights • Micro/nanoscale hierarchical structures were fabricated on high-speed steel surfaces via laser processing. • The surface showed excellent super-hydrophobicity, anti-adhesivity for epoxy resin and satisfying durability performances. • The surface had significant application prospect in solving adhesion problems caused by high viscous liquid in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: One of the most important factors in pathogenic disease is the attachment of pathogenic bacteria to the host cell surface. The present study was conducted to introduce an alternative bio-drug that prevents the attachment of microorganisms and the onset of disease. Subjects and Methods: This study was carried out during the three experimental periods. Clinical and standard strains of E. coli and C. albicans yeast were collected from the Khalat-Pushan Research Station of Tabriz University and Iran Research Organization respectively. Co-aggregation activity of treatments with both E. coli and C. albicans were investigated by Collado method and expressed as percentage. Anti-adhesive activity was also determined by microtitre plate method and calculated by reduction in attachments percentage. Results: The highest co-aggregation effect with 74.68% was related to “probiotic+ nano-selenium” treatment with standard strain of C. albicans and “nano-selenium”. While treatment with 39.32% had the lowest co-aggregation activity with clinical strain of E. coli (P<0.05). In determination of anti-adhesive activity of experimental treatments, except for the “probiotic” treatment on clinical strain of C. albicans, there was no significant difference among treatments for both species of E. coli and C. albicans. In both strains of E.coli and C. albicans, the standard strains showed significantly higher sensitivity. Conclusion: All the experimental treatments had a good coaggregation and anti-adhesive ability with pathogenic species. “Probiotic + nano-selenium” treatment had relatively high ability during three experimental protocols Therefore, it can be used as an appropriate antibiotic alternative for the prevention or control of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adhesions are an abnormal union of membranous surfaces. They are a painful and expensive consequence of abdominal surgeries, specifically in the peritoneal cavity. This complication requires a second surgery to remove the problem, known as adhesiolysis, which we are trying to avoid. Current solutions to adhesion formation either lack efficacy or induce an inflammatory response in the peritoneum. Our focus is to develop a post-surgical adhesion prevention polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) film, composed of an optimal ratio of chitosan (Chi) and polygalacturonic acid (PgA) to prevent adhesion formation. Adhesive properties of fibroblasts and macrophages on the PEC were also studied, since both cell types play a central role in the adhesion formation process. Additionally, we examined PEC attachment methods, ultimately for in vivo application. Current in vitro studies evaluated the material properties of the film to determine the stability of the material. The results of our studies identified certain ratios of Chi-PgA films which are mechanically consistent for use as intra-peritoneal barriers. Furthermore, their potential as anti-adhesive barriers were further supported by the fact that their surfaces are non-permissive for viable fibroblast and macrophage attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activities of the cell-bound biosurfactants, produced by Lactobacillus pentosus (PEB), characterized as glycolipopeptide macromolecules, were evaluated against several microorganisms present in the skin microflora, envisaging its potential use as a “ natural ” ingredient in cosmetic and personal care formulations. Their performance was compared with another cell-bound biosurfactants also characterized as glycolipopeptides produced by Lactobacillus paracasei (PAB). At concentrations of 50 mg/mL, the PEB showed an important antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85% when extracted with phosphate buffer (PB) and 100% when extracted with phosphate buffer saline (PBS)) , Streptococcus agalactiae (100% for both extracts), Staphylococcus aureus (67% when extracted with PBS and 100% when extracted with PB), Escherichia coli (72% when extracted with PB and 89% when extracted with PBS), Streptococcus pyogenes (about 85% for both extracts) and Candida albicans (around 70% for both extracts), comparable with that obtained for the PAB. However, at lower concentrations the PAB exhibited in general higher antimicrobial activities. Biosurfactants produced by both microorganisms also showed significant anti-adhesive properties against all the microorganisms under study, except for E. coli and C. albicans (less than 30%). Overall, these cell-bound biosurfactants could be used as potential antimicrobial and anti-adhesive agents in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to their natural origin and environmental compatibility, interest in microbial surfactants or biosurfactants has gained attention during last few years. These characteristics fulfill the demand of regulatory agencies and society to use more sustained and green chemicals. Microbial-derived surfactants can replace synthetic surfactants in a great variety of industrial applications as detergents, foaming, emulsifiers, solubilizers, and wetting agents. Change in the trend of consumers toward natural from synthetic additives and the increasing health and environmental concerns have created demand for new "green" additives in foods. Apart from their inherent surface-active properties, biosurfactants have shown antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against food pathogens; therefore, biosurfactants can be versatile additives or ingredients of food processing. These interesting applications will be discussed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]