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Background Parvovirus B19 is a widespread infection in childhood. Seroprevalence of anti-Parvovirus B19 increases with age and about 60% to 70% of women of childbearing age have serological evidence of past exposure to virus. Diaplacental Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women can lead to anaemia, non-immune hydrops fetalis and foetal death. The aim of the study is determining the susceptibility to Parvovirus B19 in childbearing age women. Methods We conducted a prospective seroepidemiological study in which 90 healthy women of childbearing age (19 to 40 years) were tested during the period September-October 2018 in Medical Center “Clinical Institute for Reproductive Medicine”- Pleven, Bulgaria. Participants were surveyed on a voluntary basis. The exclusion criteria were: presence of autoimmune disorder, immunosuppressive states, malignancy and populations at risk such as persons under 18 years of age and pregnant women. The presence of specific Parvovirus B19 IgG was detected using a standardized anti-Parvovirus B19 (IgG) ELISA kit. The demographic and anamnestic data were collected for each participant in Case Report Form. Results The average age of the women was 31.4 ± 4.9 years. Dominating were women with higher education (52.2%) living in urban areas (92.2%). The survey results showed that 37.8% of women were positive for anti-Parvovirus B19 IgG, 61.1% were negative and 1.1% equivocal. Immunty to the virus increased from 27.3% to 45% with age. There was no significant correlation between the presence of antibodies and the demographic factors (living area, education and number of family members). Conclusions The results of this study imply that 61.1% of the childbearing age women in Pleven region are susceptible to infection with Parvovirus B19. Because of the high susceptibility to Parvovirus B19, active monitoring of risk groups pregnant women for the prevention of fetal complications is recommended. Key messages There is no specific treatment or prophylaxis against Parvovirus B19 infection and epidemiological surveillance requires the introduction of effective preventive measures at the public health level. Active monitoring in childbearing age women is necessary to reduce the risk of fetal damage and the cost of healthcare associated with the infection.

При бременни жени трансплацентарната Parvovirus B19 инфекция може да доведе до анемия, неимунен хидропс и до смърт на плода. Целта на проучването е да се определи възприемчивостта към Parvovirus B19 при жени в детеродна възраст. За целта е проведено проспективно сероепидемиологично проучване, при което са изследвани 90 здрави жени в детеродна възраст (от 19 до 40 години) през периода септември-октомври 2018 г. Наличието на специфични Parvovirus B19 IgG е определено със стандартизиран Anti-Parvovirus B19 (IgG) ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN, Germany). Средната възраст на изследваните жени е 31.4 ± 4.8 години. Преобладават жените с висше образование (52.2%), живеещи в градовете (92.2%). Parvovirus B19 IgG са доказани при 37.8% от изследваните, като имунитетът нараства от 27.3% до 45% с увеличение на възрастта. Не се установи статистически значима връзка между наличието на антитела и демографските фактори (населено място, образование и размер на домакинството). Резултатите показват висока възприемчивост на жените в репродуктивна възраст към Parvovirus B19, поради което при бременни жени от рисковите групи е препоръчителен скрининг за превенция на фетални усложнения. Diaplacental Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnant women can lead to anemia, non-immune hydrops fetalis and fetal death. The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility to Parvovirus B19 in childbearing age women. For this purpose, we conducted a prospective seroepidemiological study in which 90 healthy women at a childbearing age (19 to 40 years) were tested during the period September-October 2018. The presence of specific Parvovirus B19 IgG was detected using a standardized Anti-Parvovirus B19 (IgG) ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN, Germany). The average age of the women was 31.4 ± 4.8 years. The majority consisted of women with higher education (52.2%) living in urban areas (92.2%). Parvovirus B19 IgG were detected in 37.8% among the surveyed, and immunity to the virus increased from 27.3% to 45% with age. There was no significant correlation between the presence of antibodies and the demographic factors (living area, education and number of family members). The results show a high susceptibility of childbearing-age women to Parvovirus B19, therefore, screening of risk groups pregnant women for the prevention of fetal complications is recommended.

Com o objetivo de medir a prevalência de anticorpos IgG contra o parvovírus B19 em gestantes com até 24 semanas de idade gestacional e detectar a ocorrência de casos de hidropisia fetal não-imune atribuídos a esse vírus, coletamos 249 amostras de soro em uma maternidade de referência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre junho de 2003 e março de 2005. As gestantes foram acompanhadas até o termo da gestação, sendo detectados 17 casos de hidropisia fetal. Quatro casos foram atribuídos ao parvovírus B19 e dois destes ocorreram em gestantes residentes na zona oeste da cidade, em fevereiro de 2005. Resultados positivos para anticorpos IgG antiparvovírus B19 foram encontrados em 172 (71,6%) gestantes (IC 95% 65,5-77,7%), sendo esta prevalência de anticorpos comparável à encontrada em outras cidades brasileiras. A única variável associada com aquisição prévia de anticorpos IgG foi número de gestações anteriores maior que um(p= 0,02, IC 95% 0,36-0,94).