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Objectives: The digit ratio (2D:4D) is a possible marker of prenatal hormone exposure. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between digit ratio (2D:4D) and anthropometric indexes in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: This study is a cross‐sectional study. A school‐based survey among 685 children and adolescents aged 8–15 years were conducted by stratified cluster sampling. The length of index finger (2D) and ring finger (4D) of the left hand, height, sitting height (ST), weight, chest circumference (CC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and abdominal skinfold thickness (AST) were measured. Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze associations between 2D:4D and above indexes. Results: In girls, 2D:4D was positively related to WC, AST, waist‐to‐height (WHtR), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) after adjusting for ages (p < 0.05). The WC, AST, WHtR, and WHR among girls with 2D:4D ≥ 1 were significantly higher than those among girls with 2D:4D < 1, respectively (p < 0.05). However, there was no correlations between digit ratio (2D:4D) and above anthropometric indexes in boys (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The 2D:4D was related to anthropometric indexes in girls, which suggests that the maternal prenatal hormone exposure might be related to the anthropometric indexes of their female offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to compare the association of hypertension plus hyperuricemia (HTN-HUA) with seven anthropometric indexes. These include the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), and the cardiometabolic index (CMI). Methods: Data was procured from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which recruited a representative population aged 18 years and above to calculate these seven indexes. Logistic regression analysis was employed to delineate their correlation and to compute the odds ratios (OR). Concurrently, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the predictive power of the seven indexes. Results: A total of 23,478 subjects were included in the study. Among these, 6,537 (27.84%) were patients with HUA alone, 2,015 (8.58%) had HTN alone, and 2,836 (12.08%) had HTN-HUA. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the AIP, LAP, VAI, TyG, BRI, ABSI, and CMI were all significantly associated with concurrent HTN-HUA. The OR for the highest quartile of the seven indexes for HTN-HUA were as follows: AIP was 4.45 (95% CI 3.82-5.18), LAP was 9.52 (95% CI 7.82-11.59), VAI was 4.53 (95% CI 38.9-5.28), TyG was 4.91 (95% CI 4.15-5.80), BRI was 9.08 (95% CI 7.45-11.07), ABSI was 1.71 (95% CI 1.45 -2.02), and CMI was 6.57 (95% CI 5.56-7.76). Notably, LAP and BRI demonstrated significant discriminatory abilities for HTN-HUA, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.72 (95% CI 0.71 - 0.73) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.72 - 0.74) respectively. Conclusion: The AIP, LAP, VAI, TyG, BRI, ABSI, and CMI all show significant correlation with HTN-HUA. Notably, both LAP and BRI demonstrate the capability to differentiate cases of HTN-HUA. Among these, BRI is underscored for its effective, non-invasive nature in predicting HTN-HUA, making it a superior choice for early detection and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jing Mao,1,&ast; Shenglian Gan,2,&ast; Quan Zhou,3 Haifeng Zhou,2 Zhiming Deng2 1Nanhua University, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Science and Education, The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhiming Deng, Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, 415003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13974221766, Email 13974221766@163.comPurpose: The best predictors and cut points for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were determined by comparing six anthropometric measures: body mass index (BMI), triglyceride-glucose (TyG), the product of TyG and waist-to-hip ratio (TyG-WHpR), the product of TyG and waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), the product of TyG and waist circumference (TyG-WC), and the product of TyG and body mass index (TyG-BMI).Patients and Methods: Sixteen hundred and sixty-five adult patients with T2DM were collected, and the ability and cut points of each index to predict MetS were compared by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculating the area under the curve (AUC) values. Then, logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders, including adjustment for menopause in women, to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: MetS was present in 71.60% of T2DM patients, 75.00% of men, and 67.02% of women. BMI was the best predictor of MetS in men with T2DM (AUC = 0.8646, 95% CI: 0.8379– 0.8912), with a cut point of 24.5500 kg/m2 (specificity: 0.7714; sensitivity: 0.7533), and TyG-WC was the best predictor of MetS in women with T2DM (AUC = 0.8362, 95% CI: 0.8034– 0.8690), with a cut point of 154.1548 (specificity: 0.7455; sensitivity: 0.8076).Conclusion: The best predictor of MetS in adults with T2DM is BMI with a cut point of 24.5500 kg/m2 for men and TyG-WC with a cut point of 154.1548 for women.Keywords: metabolic syndrome, anthropometric indexes, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance

Objectives: The goal of this study was to retrospectively investigate the relationship between renal transplanted volume indexes (Total kidney volume (TKV)/Body surface area (BSA), Renal parenchymal volume (RPV)/BSA, Renal cortical volume (RCV)/BSA, RPV/Body mass index (BMI), RCV/BMI, RPV/Weight, RCV/Weight), and short- and long-term function of the graft. Methods: One-hundred and twelve live donor-recipient pairs from 2017 to 2018, whose donors underwent preoperative renal computed tomography angiography and recipients survived during 12 months of follow-up, were included in this study. Results: The crude and adjusted linear regressions for the effect of volume measurements by voxel and ellipsoid methods on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at different post-transplantation times demonstrated that the RPV/weight ratio had the most substantial crude effect on the eGFR 12 months and 4 years after renal transplant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for six different renal volume ratios demonstrated no significant difference between these ratios in terms of discriminative ability (p value < 0.05). A strong direct correlation between TKV calculated by the ellipsoid formula with RPV and RCV measured using OsiriX software was noted. Analysis of ROC curves for renal volume indices has demonstrated fair to good discriminative ability of our cut-off points to estimate 4-year post-transplantation eGFR > 60 mL/min. Conclusion: Renal transplant recipients' volume indices, such as RPV/weight, had strong correlations with eGFR at different points in time, and renal transplant recipients with the volume ratios higher than our cut-off points had a good chance of having a 4-year post-transplantation eGFR higher than 60 mL/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program) was created for the secondary cardiovascular prevention setting, shown to be effective in improving the diet quality, body weight and cardiovascular risk factor in individuals with previous cardiovascular disease. However, it has been not tested among employees at primary cardiovascular prevention conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the BALANCE Program in a workplace, and its possible effects on diet quality, body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This was a before-after feasibility study conducted in an Occupational Medicine Service at a tertiary hospital. The nutritional-education program intervention comprised a ludic nutritional counselling about healthy and affordable foods, and individual/group counselling sessions as well. One hundred twenty-one workers with cardiovascular risk factors were enrolled to follow the BALANCE Program for 6 months. In addition to the dietary intake, glycemic and blood lipids profile, blood pressure and body composition features were evaluated. Feasibility was measured by participant's adherence to a specific diet quality index (the BALANCE index) and to the protocol sessions. Mean data differences from baseline to 3 and 6 months were compared using a paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test. Results: The BALANCE Program improved diet quality by increasing BALANCE Index (P = 0.001). 80% of participants attended the individual visits with dietitian. There was a significant reduction at 6 months in anthropometric indexes [body mass index (P = 0.034), waist and neck circumferences (P = 0.003 and P

Introduction: This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to identify the best predictor of the 10-year cardiovascular (CV) high risk among old and new anthropometric indices. Methods: We investigated 76,915 adults older than 18 years of age living in southwest China. Ten obesity indices were calculated. The 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was estimated using the Framingham risk score. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the ability of the anthropometric index to predict the 10-year high risk of CVD events. Results: The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value (0.711; sensitivity: 62.22%, specificity: 42.73%) in men, while the body fat index (BAI) had the lowest AUC value (0.624, sensitivity: 49.07%, specificity: 54.84%). The waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the body roundness index (BRI) showed the highest AUC value (0.751, sensitivity: 39.24%, 39.83%, specificity: 75.68%, 68.59%) in women, while the BAI showed the lowest AUC value (0.671, sensitivity: 53.15%, specificity: 57.14%). Conclusions: The WHR was the best anthropometric measure for assessing the 10-year high risk of CVD in men, while the WHtR and BRI were the best measures for women. In men, the WHR should be < 0.88, and in women, the WHtR should be < 0.502 or the BRI should be < 3.41. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the association between anthropometric indexes [lipid accumulation products (LAP), visceral obesity index (VAI), triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) and waist triglyceride index (WTI)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a representative sample of American adult population surveyed by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: Cross-sectional data from the NHANES were used. Participants were adults aged 18–80 y from 1996–2006. MetS were defined by the updated National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (NCEP-ATP III) for Americans. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the ability of these indexes in screening MetS. Statistical differences among the AUC values of these indexes were compared. The association between the anthropometric indexes and MetS was investigated using weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Results: 560 (35.2%) males and 529 (26.4%) females were diagnosed with MetS. LAP was the strongest predictor of MetS for men (AUC=0.87, 95% CI 0.85-0.89), and also was the strongest for women [AUC=0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.86], according to the ROC curve analysis. In men, differences in AUC values between LAP and other anthropometric indicators were also significant (all P <0.001). In women, there was a significant difference in AUC values between LAP and WTI (P <0.001), but differences in AUC values between LAP and TyG, VAI were not significant. Conclusion: The present study indicated that LAP is a better predictor in the clinical setting for identifying individuals with MetS in the American adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo study the association between anthropometric indexes [lipid accumulation products (LAP), visceral obesity index (VAI), triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) and waist triglyceride index (WTI)] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a representative sample of American adult population surveyed by National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsCross-sectional data from the NHANES were used. Participants were adults aged 18–80 y from 1996–2006. MetS were defined by the updated National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III criteria (NCEP-ATP III) for Americans. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the areas under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the ability of these indexes in screening MetS. Statistical differences among the AUC values of these indexes were compared. The association between the anthropometric indexes and MetS was investigated using weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression.Results560 (35.2%) males and 529 (26.4%) females were diagnosed with MetS. LAP was the strongest predictor of MetS for men (AUC=0.87, 95% CI 0.85-0.89), and also was the strongest for women [AUC=0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.86], according to the ROC curve analysis. In men, differences in AUC values between LAP and other anthropometric indicators were also significant (all P

Background: Anthropometric indexes offer a practical approach to identifying metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. However, there is a scarcity of research on anthropometric indexes tailored to predict MetS in populations from resource-limited regions., Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between 8 easy-to-collect anthropometric indexes and MetS, and determine the most appropriate indexes to identify the presence of MetS for adults in resource-limited areas., Methods: A total of 10,520 participants aged 18-85 years from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited through a stratified sampling approach from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Eight anthropometric indexes were examined, including BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), conicity index, a body shape index (ABSI), lipid accumulation products (LAP), visceral obesity index (VAI), and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were applied to identify the association between the anthropometric indexes. The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed to identify and compare the discriminative power of anthropometric indexes in identifying MetS. The Youden index was used to determine a range of optimal diagnostic thresholds. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the association between the anthropometric indexes., Results: A total of 3324 (31.60%) participants were diagnosed with MetS. After adjusting for age, ethnicity, current residence, education level, habitual alcohol consumption, and tobacco use, all the 8 indexes were positively correlated with the risks of MetS (P<.05). LAP presented the highest adjusted odds ratios (adjOR 35.69, 95% CI 34.59-36.80), followed by WHtR (adjOR 29.27, 95% CI 28.00-30.55), conicity index (adjOR 11.58, 95% CI 10.95-12.22), TyG index (adjOR 5.53, 95% CI 5.07-6.04), BMI (adjOR 3.88, 95% CI 3.71-4.05), WWI (adjOR 3.23, 95% CI 3.02-3.46), VAI (adjOR 2.11, 95% CI 2.02-2.20), and ABSI (adjOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.62-1.80). Significantly nonlinear associations between the 8 indexes and the risk of MetS (all Pnonlinear<.001) were observed in the RCSs. WHtR was the strongest predictor of MetS for males (AUC 0.91, 95% CI 0.90-0.92; optimal cutoff 0.53). LAP were the strongest predictor of MetS for females (AUC 0.89, 95% CI 0.89-0.90; optimal cutoff 28.67). Statistical differences were present between WHtR and all other 7 anthropometric indexes among males and overall (all P<.05). In females, the AUC values between LAP and BMI, WWI, ABSI, conicity index, VAI, and TyG index were significantly different (P<.001). No statistical difference was observed between LAP and WHtR among females., Conclusions: According to 8 anthropometric and lipid-related indices, it is suggested that WHtR and LAP are the most appropriate indexes for identifying the presence of MetS in resource-limited areas., (© Danyu Yang, Ling Ma, Yin Cheng, Hongjuan Shi, Yining Liu, Chao Shi. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org).)

Background: The aims of this study were to assess the potential of 16 anthropometric, body composition and endocrine indexes as predictors of high liver fat and determine the most appropriate cut‐off points in US adolescents. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted on a population of 816 adolescents aged 12‐17 years. The FibroScan®502V2 device was used to estimate the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Body fat percentage, fat mass, trunk fat percentage and trunk fat mass were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Anthropometric data and metabolic parameters were determined. Receiver operating characteristic curves were analysed to estimate the optimal cut‐off points that best identify adolescents with high liver fat (CAP ≥90th percentile). Results: In boys, triponderal mass index (TMI) had the highest area under curve (AUC) value (0.865) and the optimal cut‐off score for TMI was 17.47 kg/m3, which had 81.32 sensitivity and 82.99 specificity. In girls, trunk fat index (TFI) had the highest AUC value (0.826) and its optimal cut‐off score in screening for high liver fat was 3.76 kg/m2, which had 74.04 sensitivity and 88.03 specificity. Fat mass index (FMI) index had the second highest AUC values (0.863 in boys 0.812 in girls) in both sex; the cut‐off point for the detection of high liver fat was <8.66 kg/m2 for girls and <7.45 kg/m2 for boys. Conclusion: Assessment of TMI in boys, TFI in girls, and FMI in both sexes are low‐cost and easy‐to‐use parameters that may be useful as early screening tools for possible high liver fat in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Francisco Álvarez-Nava1,2, Marcia Racines3, Julia Witt1, Jéssica Guarderas1, María Estévez3,4, Roberto Lanes5 1Biological Sciences School, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; 2Genetic Research Institute, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; 3Institute of Biomedicine Research, Central University of Ecuador; Quito, Ecuador; 4Ecuadorian Foundation in Support of Turner Syndrome, Quito, Ecuador; 5Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Hospital de Clinicas Caracas, Caracas, VenezuelaCorrespondence: Francisco Álvarez-NavaBiological Sciences School, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Calle Iquique con Calle Sodiro Number N14-121, Parroquia San Blas, Quito, Pichincha 170113, EcuadorTel +593 252 8810Fax +593 252 8810Email fjalvarez@uce.edu.ecBackground and purpose: Excessive adiposity is associated with cardiometabolic complications in Turner syndrome (TS) subjects. Reference data for predictive anthropometric indices of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are lacking for subjects with TS. The purpose of this study was to identify the best anthropometric predictor of cardiometabolic risk in a Latin-American cohort of TS subjects.Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional correlational study conducted in adult TS subjects (n=88) over the past seven years. Anthropometric parameters, body composition and biochemical variables were evaluated in a study and in a reference (n=57) group. Overweight/obesity and MetS were diagnosed using international consensus. The area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) was then used to determine the value of each anthropometric variable in predicting MetS or overweight/obesity.Results: The prevalence of MetS and overweight/obesity in TS subjects was 40% and 48%, respectively. All anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables were significantly increased in TS subjects when compared to the reference group, except for body mass index (BMI) and HDL-c. To detect MetS and overweight/obesity, waist to height ratio (WHtR) was found to have a higher correlation with cardiometabolic variables (TC, LDL-c, HDL-c levels and the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio), and to have a higher AUC-ROC and odds ratio than BMI, waist circumference (WC) and the waist to hip ratio (WHR).Conclusion: The prevalence of MetS and overweight/obesity is elevated in TS subjects. WHtR was the most useful variable in predicting the presence of MetS and overweight and obesity in this TS cohort. A combination of WHtR with BMI or with WC could have the best clinical utility in identifying adult TS subjects with overweight/obesity and MetS, respectively.Keywords: anthropometric indexes, body composition, cardiometabolic risk, metabolic syndrome, obesity, overweight, Turner syndrome

Introduction: Prediabetes is the period before the onset of diabetes, which is shown by impaired fasting blood sugar (100-125 mg/dL) and HbA1c levels of 5.7-6.4%. Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease that is continuously increasing. The effects of curcumin on the improvement of metabolic syndrome and obesity have been proven. Also, Zinc supplements as an antioxidant are effective in improving blood sugar. This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin and zinc co-supplementation along with a loss weight diet on anthropometry measurements in overweight or obese prediabetes. Methods: Eighty-four prediabetes were randomly assigned to 4 groups: curcumin (500 mg daily), zinc (30 mg daily), curcumin and zinc, and placebo for 90 days and their body mass index was measured before and after the intervention. Physical activity and dietary intake were determined pre and post-intervention. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in the diabetes research clinic of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd. Results: The weight loss and BMI significantly improved in the group with zinc and curcumin cosupplement compared to the other groups (p value=0.004, p-value=0.004). The significant improvement in hip circumference was not revealed in the zinc and curcumin co-supplement group than in other groups (p-value=0.08). Regarding changes in waist circumference, the significant changes weren't observed in the zinc and curcumin supplement compared to other groups (p-value= 0.154). Conclusion: The curcumin and zinc cosupplementation along with lifestyle recommendations and a weight loss diet improved weight and BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some medications and herbal drugs are suggested to ameliorate impaired plasma glucose and its complications in pre-diabetic patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of cumin essential oil supplementation on metabolic markers and serum leptin in pre-diabetic subjects. In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, subjects of intervention group received one cumin soft gel (containing 75 mg of cumin essential oil) per day for 10 weeks, while subjects of control group received one placebo soft gel. Glycemic indices and serum leptin did not significantly improve in intervention group. Except serum total cholesterol, other markers of lipid profile as well as anthropometric indexes improved in intervention group. Subgroup analyses represented that lipid profile and anthropometric indexes were ameliorated in women after intervention, while did not show significant improvement in men. It can be concluded that cumin essential oil can be used as an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate metabolic status in pre-diabetics.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS), although more frequent in adults, is a growing health problem in adolescent population. There are different criteria for the diagnosis, however without a consensus of which is the best to be used in this population. The heterogeneity of the different diagnostic criteria makes it necessary to carry out more studies that analyse the degree of agreement among these criteria. The present study was aimed to evaluate the agreement between different criteria for diagnosis of MetS in adolescents. Materials and methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed on 981 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from 18 schools in south‐east Spain. MetS was diagnosed by eight different criteria. Results: The criteria proposed by the IDF showed the highest mean values for WC and systolic blood pressure in boys and girls with MetS, and the lowest for glucose and triglycerides in boys. Depending on the diagnostic criteria used, the prevalence of MetS cases in boys ranged from 5.5% to 14.9%, while in girls varied from 3.4% to 32.6%. Both in boys and girls, the criteria proposed by the IDF was the less concordant with the other suggested criteria, while those proposed by Duncan et al, Rodriguez‐Moran et al and Cruz and Goran, were very concordant among each other. However, in girls, concordance values were not as high as those found for boys. Conclusion: The variability observed in the agreement among the existing criteria suggests the need to validate uniform criteria for the diagnosis of MetS in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine which anthropometric indicators and to what extent are significantly related to the atherogenic index (AI), considering lifestyles (physical inactivity, average calorie consumption/day and smoking), age and sex in an adult population, apparently healthy, attached to a public health hospital in Mexico. Method: Cross-sectional observational study. Sample for convenience: N = 206 (148 women and 58 men). Statistical analysis: Correlational and binary logistic regression using SPSS 19. Results and conclusions: A significant relationship was found between the increase of all anthropometric indicators and the elevation of the AI, regardless of age. The waist/height and waist/hip indicators showed greater weight in this ratio in both sexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ageing of population is an increasing phenomenon worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important chronic disease in ageing. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the anthropometric indexes and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among the elderly population in Amirkola (Mazandaran, Iran). Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was a part of the Amirkola Health and Ageing Cohort Project (AHAP). Demographic information was collected using a standard questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants to measure the serum level of lipids. Measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and anthropometric indexes [e.g. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHR)] were done for all participants. Results: One thousand five hundred and six elderly people of Amirkola (age> 60 years) were participated in this study. There was a positive and significant correlation between the BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride. The WC had a positive and significant correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-C and triglyceride. The correlation between WHR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-C and triglyceride was positive and significant; however the correlation between the anthropometric indexes and TC and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was negative and significant. The WHR had a significant positive correlation with all studied risk factors. Conclusion: According to the findings of present study, WHR index had stronger correlation with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the elderly.

Abdominal obesity is associated with particularly adverse lipidemic profile. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the dyslipidemic profile in healthy women with extreme abdominal obesity determined anthropometrically. Lipid profile and atherogenic indexes were determined in 80 healthy women, grouped in 4 groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and grouped in 3 groups according to their body fat distribution (BFD) by means of anthropometric indexes waist/hip ratio (WHR) and waist/thigh ratio circumference (WTR): group M with normal BFD (WHR<0.85 and WTR<1.45), group N with moderate (WHR 0.85-1 and WTR 1.45-1.7) and group O with extremely expressed abdominal BFD. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (0.84±0.26mmol/L) were significantly lowest in group O (p<0.002), and significantly lower compared to group N (1.14±0.43mmol/L) (p<0.006). Triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher in group O compared to group M (p<0.001) and also higher in group N compared to group M (p<0.044). Atherogenic indexes C/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C values in group O were significantly higher compared to the corresponding values in group M (p<0.004; p< 0.006; p<0.001), and their values were also higher in group O compared to group N, but with lower significance of the difference (p<0.05) indicating lower increase of the atherogenic indexes in moderate and significant increase in women with extreme abdominal obesity. Dyslipidemic profile and high atherogenic indexes in women with abdominal obesity with significantly highest WHR, WTR and BMI values indicated the need to intervene earlier and more effectively in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of arm anthropometric indicators with direct indicators of nutritional status in hospitalized pediatric patients. Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study with 760 patients hospitalized in the Pediatric Division of the Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara during 2014 was used. The anthropometric indices were weight/length, weight/height, weight/age, length/age, height/age, head circumference/age and body mass index (BMI)/age. The arm indicators were mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), total arm area (TAA), arm muscle area (AMA), arm fat area (AFA) and fat percentage (FP). The ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Pearson's correlation tests and also odds ratios were used to identify the probability of nutritional status impairment. Results: the prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition was higher in infants (31% and 30%, respectively). With arm areas (TAA, AMA, AFA), the risk of deficit (≤ -2DE) was higher in infants and early preschoolers (p < 0.001). The correlation between the anthropometric indexes and the arm areas was direct and significant (p < 0.001). The BMI variability was explained in 68% by the AMA, AFA, and FP (p < 0.001); the variability of the height/age index was also explained in 34% by the AMA and AFA (p < 0.001). Conclusion: it is possible to diagnose both a chronic and acute deficit using the indirect indicators of the arm, while the body mass index only reflects an acute deficit. Therefore, arm areas would be more useful indicators in the assessment of nutritional status and the diagnosis of chronic-acute malnutrition in hospitalized pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropometric indexes such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip ciucumference (HC), and waist–hip ratio (WHR), are all useful anthropometric measurements to provide important information on blood glucose concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine different anthropometric measurements, in particular BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, in their ability to predict the blood glucose levels in men and women 40 to 60. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 44 men and 127 women aged 40 to 50 who lived in Cipete Selatan subdistrict, South Jakarta. Blood glucose levels was assessed and anthropometric measurements comprising BMI, WC, HC, WHR were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the best predictor for blood glucose levels. The study showed that the prevalence of DM type 2 was 25.7% and the prevalence was higher in men (40.9%) compared to women (23.5%). The significant predictive variables in the simple regression analysis were age and waist circumference. Multiple linear regression showed that after adjustment for age, WC was positively associated with blood glucose levels. Standardized a value was 0.172 (p=0.026). WC predict blood glucose levels, beyond that explained by traditional diabetic risk factors and BMI. These findings provide support for the recommendation that WC be a routine measure for identification of diabetes mellitus type 2 in men and women aged 40 to 60 years.

Background & Objectives: Considering the importance of CVD risk factors in diabetic and non-diabetic populations and the high prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors, we studied the trend of anthropometric indexes, blood pressure, smoking and lipids in diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Methods: The data of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study was used in this investigation. The study population comprised 1045 diabetic and 5136 non-diabetic subjects. To investigate the secular longitudinal trends, the Generalized Estimation Equation method was employed. All statistical models were adjusted for age to eliminate the potential confounding effect of age. The interaction between the diabetes status and each phase of the study was checked in a separate model in GEE. Results: Over a decade, the serum levels of TC, TGs, LDL-C and non HDL-C decreased although about 60% of the diabetic population did not reach the therapeutic goals of non-HDL-C and LDL-C levels until 2011. Control of hypertension was more successful in females, but about 60% of both males and females with diabetes were still hypertensive at the end of follow-up period. Smoking increased during the follow-up. Conclusion: This study showed that among CVD risk factors, healthcare professionals paid more attention to hypercholesterolemia neglecting other risk factors including hypertension and central obesity.

Purpose: to define the changes age of anthropometric indexes of girls and boys from 11 to 12 years of basic medical group. Material and Methods: pedagogical research (somatometry and somatoskopia) of teenagers is conducted from 11 to 12 years (girls 79; boys 91) of basic medical group of Kharkov general schools. Results: the features of physical development of teenagers are Set from 11 to 12 years of basic medical group at the beginning and at the end of school year. The amount of teenagers is determined with the basic type of carriage, flat and planoconcave, round and stoop back. Conclusions: the state of morphological indexes of teenagers is certain from 11 to 12 years of basic medical group. The changes of types of carriages are educed for girls and boys of basic medical group for a school year.

Introduction It is important investigative association anthropometric indexes with cardiovascular risk factors for determining cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric indexes and cardiovascular risk factors in academic members of Islamic Azad University of Khomeinishahr. Methods and Materials A total of 158 (30 women and 128 men) faculty members aged between 30 to 65 years from university of Khomeinishahr were selected in a sampling based, cross-sectional survey. The Relationship between anthropometric indexes (Hight, Wight, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, WHR, WSR, BMI and BF% with cardiovascular risk factors (Tg, Tcho, HDL, and LDL) were determined. For data analysis, statistical significances were assessed by t test and Pearson Correlation. Results The results of this study showed that in females group there were significant relationships were observed between Tg with wight, WC, WHR and BMI indexes (P <0/05). While, no significant relationships were observed between Tcho, LDL and HDL with anthropometric indexes (P > 0/05). Furthermore, 26.4% of variance in women's HDL can be explained by changes in their hip circumference. However, in males group there were positive significant correlations between Tcho and height, WHR, WHtR and BF% (P <0/05). But, no significant relationships were observed between LDL with anthropometric indexes (P > 0/05). Conclusion Results of this study indicate probably there is overweight and obesity in both genders. Therefore, evaluations and presentation of interventional programs in the lifestyle and raising awareness to control and prevent the problems associated with overweight and obesity are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some medications and herbal drugs are suggested to ameliorate impaired plasma glucose and its complications in pre-diabetic patients. This study aimed to assess the effect of cumin essential oil supplementation on metabolic markers and serum leptin in pre-diabetic subjects. In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, subjects of intervention group received one cumin soft gel (containing 75 mg of cumin essential oil) per day for 10 weeks, while subjects of control group received one placebo soft gel. Glycemic indices and serum leptin did not significantly improve in intervention group. Except serum total cholesterol, other markers of lipid profile as well as anthropometric indexes improved in intervention group. Subgroup analyses represented that lipid profile and anthropometric indexes were ameliorated in women after intervention, while did not show significant improvement in men. It can be concluded that cumin essential oil can be used as an adjuvant therapy to ameliorate metabolic status in pre-diabetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder caused by anatomic or neuromuscular obstructions. Purpose: To identify the association between anthropometric indexes: neck circumference (NC), abdominal perimeter, and Body Mass Index (BMI), and the presence of OSA in adults. Methods: A retrospective observational case-control study was carried out in 353 individuals between the ages of 18 and 82 years with a polysomnographic diagnosis of OSA. The Apnea-Hypopnea Index was correlated with the anthropometric indexes and demographic data. The control group consisted of 105 adults without OSA and the case group were 248 patients diagnosed with OSA. Pearson Chi-square and Odds Ratio (OR) tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Statistically significant associations between increased BMI and NC with the presence of OSA in adults were found. The presence of OSA was greater in 56-to-82-year-old women and men. Conclusions: Anthropometric measures BMI and NC are OSA risk factors in adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its association with nutritional status (body mass index, body fat percentage, and visceral fat) among students in a public university in Sarawak, Malaysia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among undergraduate students aged 18 years old and above. Anthropometric measurements, such as weight, height, body composition, and blood pressure measurements, were collected. Hypertension was defined as equal or more than 140/90 mmHg. Statistical analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 354 respondents participated in the study. Mean age for the respondents was 21 years (SD 1.18 years). About 40% of the respondents were overweight or obese. Prevalence of hypertension was 8.2%. Mean systolic blood pressure was 119.1mmHg (SD14.36mmHg), and the mean diastolic blood pressure was 72.6mmHg (SD 9.73mmHg). There is a significant association between male gender (odds ratio =3.519, 95% CI is 1.886-6.566), body fat percentage (odds ratio =1.944, 95% CI is 1.050-3.601), visceral fat (odds ratio = 2.830, 95% CI is 1.346-5.951), and family history of hypertension (odds ratio= 2.366, 95% CI is 1.334-4.194) and hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was less than 10% and is associated with male gender, body composition, and family history of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To associate health anthropometric indexes with physical fitness of elderly women (EW) who participate in physical exercise workshops. Materials and methods. 272 Chilean women over 60 years took part in the study. The variables studied were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-height index (WHI) and physical fitness (PF). Correlations were made through the Pearson or Spearman coefficient, and bivariate associations using Pearson's Chi-square and the Fisher's exact test, considering p<0.05. Results. 70.8% of the EW were overweight or obese; 68.8% and 96% were at cardiometabolic risk due to their WC and WHI, respectively. Their PF showed equal performance (53.5%) or higher (33.8%) according to their age and gender. Inverse correlations were found between nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk with PF tests (except for agility and dynamic balance [direct]) and direct association with back scratch test. Conclusions. Excess weight in physically active EW would not affect their physical-functional performance; however, cardiometabolic risk would be inversely associated with motor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) have been proposed as predictors of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents, but no consensus has been reached to date. This study hypothesizes that WC provides a greater predictive value for MetS in Spanish adolescents than WHR. A cross-sectional study was performed on 1001 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from schools in southeast Spain. Anthropometric measures were correlated with the components of MetS (triglycerides, glucose, blood pressure, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) as well as inflammation markers (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor–alpha , C-reactive protein, and ceruloplasmin). Receiver-operator curves were created to determine the predictive value of these variables for MetS. Boys had higher values of all anthropometric parameters compared with girls, but the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in girls. WHR was the only parameter that correlated significantly with all biochemical and inflammatory variables in boys. In girls, WHR, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, WC, and body fat percentage correlated only with plasma insulin levels, systolic and diastolic pressures, and ceruloplasmin. In both groups, all anthropometric measures were able to predict MetS (area under the curve > 0.94). In particular, WC was able to predict MetS with area under the curve = 1.00. However, WHR was able to predict a higher number of components of MetS. WHR was the anthropometric index that showed the highest predictive value for MetS components, whereas WC was the one that best predicted the MetS among the population of adolescents studied. These findings justify the need to incorporate WHR and WC determinations into daily clinical practice to predict the MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the deterioration of insulin-glucose metabolism (IGM), impaired redox homeostasis (IRH), β-amyloid accumulation was reported in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (SAD) model, aforementioned factors related to lipoic acid administration and anthropometric indexes (AIs) are not yet studied with integrative approach. β-amyloid accumulation, redox homeostasis biomarkers and AIs are investigated in SAD model. Streptozotocin-induced inhibition of insulin-signaling cascade but not GLUT-2 and GLUT-3 transporters takes a role in β-amyloid accumulation. Inhibition types are related to IRH in cortex, hippocampus and systemic circulation. Lipoic acid (LA) shows both antioxidant and prooxidant effect according to the anatomical location. LA administration also leads to improved AIs during GLUT-2 inhibition and cortical redox status in GLUT-3 inhibited group. Optimal LA action could be possible if its redox behavior is balanced to antioxidant effect. Diagnostic usage of systemic IRH parameters as biomarkers and their possible correlations with deteriorated IGM should be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: La valoración nutricional de la madre y el recién nacido es un criterio ampliamente usado con fines pronósticos y de manejo clínico. En el ámbito obstétrico materno y neonatal se utiliza índice de masa corporal e índice ponderal neonatal respectivamente. Objetivo: Construir tablas bidimensionales que en la clínica práctica faciliten la obtención de estos índices. Método: Los índices antropométricos que relacionan el peso y la talla, fueron calculados mediante sus fórmulas respectivas: peso dividido por talla al cuadrado o al cubo según se trate de índice de masa corporal o índice ponderal neonatal. Para la categorización posterior del estado nutricional tanto materno como neonatal, los índices obtenidos han de ser valorados con gráficas en función de la edad gestacional. Recomendamos para ello los estándares de referencia nacional. Resultados: Se conformaron dos tablas bidimensionales para el cálculo de índices, las cuales fueron acotadas de acuerdo a valores antropométricos promedios de nuestra población. Conclusión: Estas tablas facilitarán al clínico la obtención de índices antropométricos y el diagnóstico de la condición nutricional de la embarazada y recién nacido.Background: Nutritional assessment is a widely used criterion for prognostic purposes and clinical management. In obstetrics, maternal and neonatal body mass Índex and neonatal ponderal Índex, respectively, are used. Objective: To construct bidimensional tables to facilítate indexes obtaining process in clinical practice, moreover, graphs also are recommend for nutritional categorize using this indexes. Methods: The anthro-pometric indexes that associate weight with height were calculated by their respectively formulas: weight divided by height squared or cubed, depending if body mass index or neonatal ponderal index is needed. For the subsequently categorization of both maternal and neonatal nutritional status, these indexes have to be judged in terms of gestational age graphics. For this process, we recommend national standard references. Results: Two bidimensional tables were built to calcúlate the indexes and were delimited according to anthropometric averages of our population. Conclusion: These tables will facilítate the obtaining of indexes by the clinicians and, at the same time, the nutritional status diagnosis of pregnant women and their newborn.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre escolares e sua associação com região, sexo, faixa etária e rede de ensino, e a correlação entre os índices antropométricos. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 4.964 escolares entre 6 a 10 anos de idade matriculados em 345 escolas do ensino fundamental do Estado de Santa Catarina. Foi utilizado o índice de massa corporal para diagnosticar sobrepeso e obesidade. Como indicadores de distribuição de gordura foram utilizadas circunferência de cintura, relação cintura-quadril, relação cintura-altura, dobras cutâneas triciptal e subescapular e razão subescapular-triciptal. Foram estimadas as razões de chance com IC 95% e calculada correlação de Pearson para avaliar a relação entre índice de massa corporal e índices antropométricos. RESULTADO: Do total dos escolares, 52,2% eram do sexo feminino. A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 15,4% e de obesidade 6,0%. Não foi encontrada associação entre sobrepeso ou obesidade com regiões, sexo e faixa etária, somente entre sobrepeso e rede particular. Os escolares da rede particular apresentaram 1,46 (1,22-1,74) vezes mais chance de desenvolverem sobrepeso. Foi encontrada correlação forte entre o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência de cintura (r = 0,90). CONCLUSÃO: Os escolares da rede particular estão mais expostos ao sobrepeso e à obesidade, sugerindo que a condição socioeconômica dos escolares possa ser a explicação. A circunferência de cintura, além de indicador de adiposidade central, poderá ser utilizada como indicador de adiposidade total.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children, their association with region, gender, age, school system, and correlation between anthropometric indexes. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with 4,964 children between 6 and 10 years of age of 345 elementary schools in the state of Santa Catarina. Body mass index was used to diagnose overweight and obesity according to Cole et al. (2000). Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness, and subscapular-to-triceps ratio were used as fat distribution indexes. We estimated the odds ratio with a 95% CI. To assess the relationship between BMI and anthropometric indexes, Pearson's correlation was calculated. RESULT: 52.2% of the students were female. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 15.4% and 6.0%. There was no association between overweight or obesity and regions, gender or age; only between overweight and the private network. Children in the private school network were 1.46 (1.22-1.74) times more likely to develop overweight. The correlation between BMI and waist circumference was the strongest (r = 0.90). CONCLUSION: Children in the private school network are more exposed to overweight and obesity than those in the public network, suggesting that socioeconomic conditions of schools could be the explanation. The waist circumference indicator of central adiposity may be used as an indicator of total adiposity.

Anthropometric indexes such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip ciucumference (HC), and waist–hip ratio (WHR), are all useful anthropometric measurements to provide important information on blood glucose concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine different anthropometric measurements, in particular BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, in their ability to predict the blood glucose levels in men and women 40 to 60. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 44 men and 127 women aged 40 to 50 who lived in Cipete Selatan subdistrict, South Jakarta. Blood glucose levels was assessed and anthropometric measurements comprising BMI, WC, HC, WHR were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the best predictor for blood glucose levels. The study showed that the prevalence of DM type 2 was 25.7% and the prevalence was higher in men (40.9%) compared to women (23.5%). The significant predictive variables in the simple regression analysis were age and waist circumference. Multiple linear regression showed that after adjustment for age, WC was positively associated with blood glucose levels. Standardized a value was 0.172 (p=0.026). WC predict blood glucose levels, beyond that explained by traditional diabetic risk factors and BMI. These findings provide support for the recommendation that WC be a routine measure for identification of diabetes mellitus type 2 in men and women aged 40 to 60 years.

This correlational descriptive study had the purpose of analyzing the relationship among anthropometric indexes (AIs) and body fat (total- %BFtotal and in the trunk- %BFtrunk) in elderly women, and also identifying the prevalence of health risk associated with %BFtotal when using different AIs. Sixty apparently healthy women, aged 60 to 80 years, participated in the study. Measurements of body mass, stature and circumferences at waist (WC), abdomen and hip sites were performed and allowed the computation of the following AIs: body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and conicity index (CI). Dual-energy x-ray absortiometry (DEXA) was used to estimate %BFtotal and %BFtrunk. Pearson’s linear correlation and linear regression analysis were applied to determine therelationship between AIs and %BFtotal and %BFtrunk, with the level of significance at 0.05. The results showed that BMI had a significant correlation with %BFtotal (r=0.73; p RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre os índices antropométricos (IA), com o percentual de gordura corporal total (%GTOTAL) e de tronco (%GTRONCO) em mulheres idosas, verificando a prevalência de risco à saúde quando associado ao acúmulo de gordura corporal total em relação aos diferentes IA. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo correlacional, onde foram avaliadas 60 mulheres entre 60 e 80 anos de idade, todas aparentemente saudáveis. As variáveis de massa corporal (kg), estatura (cm), perímetros da cintura (cm), abdômen (cm) e quadril (cm) foram mensurados e posteriormente calculou-se os seguintes IA: índice de massa corporal (IMC), razão cintura quadril (RCQ), índice de conicidade (IC) e circunferência de cintura (CC). A Absortometria Radiológica de Dupla Energia (DEXA) foi utilizada para a estimativa do %GTOTAL e do %GTRONCO. Para identificar a relação entre os índices antropométricos e o %GTOTAL e %GTRONCO, utilizou-se à correlação Linear de Pearson e a análise de regressão Linear Simples, adotando-se um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Os resultados demonstraram que oIMC apresentou uma correlação forte com o %GTOTAL (r=0,73; p < 0,05) e com %GTRONCO (r=0,71; p < 0,05), outro índice com uma forte relação com o %GTOTAL (r=0,61; p < 0,01), foi a CC, que apresentou também uma correlação forte para com o %GTRONCO (r=0,64; p < 0,01). Na análise da prevalência de risco à saúde, adotando como critério o %GTOTAL pela DEXA (%G>30%), observou-se que 83,3% apresentam um risco associado à saúde, já quando utilizado o IMC essa prevalência foi de 78,8% (IMC), 90% para o IC, 88% para a CC e 38% para a RCQ e quandoutilizado a combinação do IMC e CC a prevalência foi de 90% das idosas classificadas com risco à saúde. Assim, conclui-se que o IMC e a CC em mulheres idosas podem ser utilizados no diagnóstico de excesso de gordura corporal, pois apresentaram boa correlação, tanto na análise do %GTOTAL e do %GTRONCO. O IMC e a CC em conjunto e o IC se mostraram como os melhores IA para o diagnóstico de risco à saúde pelo %GTOTAL acima do recomendado.

Purpose: to define the changes age of anthropometric indexes of girls and boys from 11 to 12 years of basic medical group. Material and Methods: pedagogical research (somatometry and somatoskopia) of teenagers is conducted from 11 to 12 years (girls 79; boys 91) of basic medical group of Kharkov general schools. Results: the features of physical development of teenagers are Set from 11 to 12 years of basic medical group at the beginning and at the end of school year. The amount of teenagers is determined with the basic type of carriage, flat and planoconcave, round and stoop back. Conclusions: the state of morphological indexes of teenagers is certain from 11 to 12 years of basic medical group. The changes of types of carriages are educed for girls and boys of basic medical group for a school year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a sample of 77 men and 53 women aged 17-25 years, it has been shown that the duration of tracheal forced expiratory noises is significantly shorter in women. However, normalizing the duration of tracheal forced expiratory noises to height, body mass, and chest circumference eliminates this difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropometric indexes such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist hip ratio (WHR), are useful measurements to provide important information on blood glucose concentration. The aim of this study was to determine several anthropometric measurements, in particular BMI, WC, HC and WHR, in their ability to predict the blood glucose levels in men and women 40 to 60 years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 men and 127 women aged 40 to 60 who lived in Cipete Selatan subdistrict, South Jakarta. Blood glucose levels were assessed and anthropometric indexes such as BMI, WC, HC, WHR were measured. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the best predictor for blood glucose levels. The study showed that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 was 12.9% and higher in men (20.5%) than in women (10.2 %). The significant predictive variables in the simple regression analysis were age and WC. Multiple linear regression showed that after adjustment for age, WC was positively associated with blood glucose levels. Standardized b value was 0.172 (p=0.026). WC predicts blood glucose levels, beyond that explained by traditional diabetic risk factors and BMI. The findings support the recommendation that WC be a routine measure for identification of DM type 2 in men and women aged 40 to 60.

Objective: To evaluate relationship between varicocele and anthropometric indexes in patients presenting with infertility. Methods: 600 male patients presenting with infertility were included in this study. The presence and degree of varicocele were evaluated by physical examination. Anthropometric index parameters were compared in terms of presence of varicocele and grade. The anthropometric indexes including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded. Results: A total of 210 (35%) patients had varicocele. The mean of BMI, WC and WHR of those without varicocele was 30.5 ± 6.4 kg/cm2, 86.40 ± 9.97 cm and 0.89 ± 0.05, respectively. The mean of BMI, WC and WHR with varicocele was 24.7 ± 5.2 kg/cm2, 81.19 ± 9.01 cm and 0.82 ± 0.05 respectively (p<0.001). The mean value of each anthropometric index had a significantly statistical correlation with each grade varicocele (p<0.001). In the normal weight group (BMI less than 25) 82 of 180 patients (45%) had varicoceles. In the overweight group (BMI 25 to less than 30) 94 of 266 patients (34%) had varicoceles. In the obese group (BMI 30 or greater) 34 of 154 patients (21%) had varicoceles (p<0.001). Prevalence of varicocele decreased with increasing body mass index for all varicocele grades (p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of varicocele decreases with increasing body mass index. The present data support the explanation that obesity may result in a decreased nutcracker effect, which accounts for prevention of the renal vein compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study proposes to examine the accuracy of four anthropometric indexes of obesity to identify the presence of hypertension and assess differences in the estimation and strength of effect measures of the association between each anthropometric measure and hypertension in Brazilian adults. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 1,720 adults from Florianópolis, Brazil. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the best cutoff values for anthropometric indexes (body mass index-BMI, waist circumference-WC, waist-to height ratio-WHtR and conicity index-C-index) for prediction of hypertension. The associations between anthropometric indexes and hypertension were analyzed by Poisson regression expressed as Prevalence Ratios (95% CI) adjusted for socio-demographic variables, health behavior, height, and anthropometric indexes. Results: Of the four anthropometric indexes studied, BMI, WC, and WHtR were found to have the largest areas under the ROC curve relative to hypertension in both sexes. The cutoff values in women and men associated with presence of hypertension were BMI of 24.9 and 24.6 kg/m², WC of 86.2 and 89.5 cm, WHtR of 0.49 and 0.50, and C-index of 1.15 and 1.18, respectively. WC and BMI had greater magnitude of association with presence of hypertension, adjusting for socio-demographic variables, health behavior, height, and anthropometric indexes in women and men, respectively. Conclusions: Anthropometric indexes provide an effective, simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive means for a first-level screening for hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of the anthropometric indexes in male young sprint canoeists. Body mass, stature, sitting height, arm spam, waist and hip girths, arm and forearm lengths and biacromial and biiliocristal breaths were measured in the 33 canoeists. Anthropometric indexes were obtained: body mass index, waist-hip ratio, relative arm spam and cormic, Manouvrier's, acromial-iliac and brachial indexes. Most paddlers had a healthy weight for height, a low waist-hip ratio, and a higher arm span than stretch stature. Results were more varied in other indexes, with a higher number of paddlers who had intermediate trunk length for Cormic index, long lower limbs for Manouvrier index, intermediate an trapezoidal trunk shape for acromial-iliac index and a medium and short forearm length for brachial index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BackgroundAnthropometric measurements and indexes that assess excess of adiposity are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and predict diabetes mellitus.MethodsThis cross-sectional study reported the performance of adiposity indexes to detect or turn diabetes unlikely in patients with hypertension. Patients with hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug use) aged 18-80 years, being 150 men and 332 women, had weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-to-square height ratio (WHt2R) calculated. Diabetes was diagnosed by fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl or antidiabetic drug use (23% of the sample).ResultsAll anthropometric indexes were associated with diabetes in a modified Poisson regression, adjusting for age, smoking, and physical activity, in women, but not in men. In men, only the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for WHR was statistically associated with diabetes (0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57-0.77). A cutoff of ≥0.95 had sensitivity of 84.6% (73.3-95.9) and negative post-test probability of 12.8% (3.2-22.4). Among women, WC >88 cm, WHR ≥0.85, and WHtR > 0.54 had sensitivity >93% and negative post-test probability <7.5%.ConclusionsWHR ≥0.85, WC >88.0 cm, and WHtR >0.54 for women and WHR ≥0.95 for men are highly suggestive of diabetes among this population of hypertensive patients. Indexes below these cutoffs turn diabetes unlikely in this context. The investigation of reproducibility of this performance in other outpatient clinics is warranted.American Journal of Hypertension (2011). doi:10.1038/ajh.2010.212 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anomalies in pulmonary function tests in obese are oriented predominantly to restrictive pathology, not been demonstrated efficiently. Objective: To determine and compare pulmonary function tests (PFT) with anthropometric measurements by spirometry and plethysmograph in asthmatic obese (AO) and non-asthmatic obese (NAO) adolescents. Patients and method: Cross-sectional study, with 86 adolescents. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) greater to 95% percentile according to CDC and asthma, on the basis of the definition and criteria of GINA guidelines. Clinical history was made, doing anthropometric measures and PFT with determination of: forced vital capacity with maximal expiratory effort, forced expiratory volume in the first second, specific resistance and conductance. Results: The average age was 12.68 years ± 1.85, 39 were NAO and 47 AO, who had intermittent to persistent asthma, 14 patients received 200 mcg budesonide/day at least 4 weeks previous to the study. The average values in AO and their standard error for anthropometry were: weight: 68.5 ± 13.6 kg, height: 154.58 ± 9.1 cm, BMI: 28.27 ± 3.24 kg/m2, abdominal circumference (AC): 98 ± 8.85 cm and hip circumference (HC): 100 ± 8.87 cm, in NAO: weight: 76.1 ± 14.7 kg, height: 155.7 ± 7.85 cm, BMI: 31.04 ± 4.46 kg/m2, AC: 102 ± 11.05 cm and HC: 103.28 ± 10.6 cm. Conclusions: In NAO post-β2 Raw diminished whereas Sgaw increased. Greater BMI in AO displayed greater FEV1 with statistic significance. Obstructive ventilator pattern mechanics was observed in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obestatin is a recently discovered peptide produced in the stomach, which was originally described to suppress food intake and decrease body weight in experimental animals. We investigated fasting plasma obestatin levels in normal weight, obese and anorectic women and associations of plasma obestatin levels with anthropometric and hormonal parameters. Hormonal (obestatin, ghrelin, leptin, insulin) and anthropometric parameters and body composition were examined in 15 normal weight, 21 obese and 15 anorectic women. Fasting obestatin levels were significantly lower in obese than in normal weight and anorectic women, whereas ghrelin to obestatin ratio was increased in anorectic women. Compared to leptin, only minor differences in plasma obestatin levels were observed in women who greatly differed in the amount of fat stores. However, a negative correlation of fasting obestatin level with body fat indexes might suggest a certain role of obestatin in the regulation of energy homeostasis. A significant relationship between plasma obestatin and ghrelin levels, independent of anthropometric parameters, supports simultaneous secretion of both hormones from the common precursor. Lower plasma obestatin levels in obese women compared to normal weight and anorectic women as well as increased ghrelin to obestatin ratio in anorectic women might play a role in body weight regulation in these pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: There is growing concern that a single standard definition of overweight and obesity may not suit all ethnic groups. This study aimed to evaluate different anthropometric cut-points as indicators of risk for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension and dyslipidaemia in a cross sectional, representative sample of the population of the Kingdom of Tonga (767 subjects: 314 males, 453 females). Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, waist circumference (WAIST), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), weight-to-height ratio (WhgtR) and percentage body fat (%fat) using bioelectrical impedance. Risk factors investigated were systolic (sBP) and diastolic blood pressure (dBP), plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, hypertension and T2DM. The best predictive cut-points were identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The cut-points identified in this cross-sectional study contrast with those from studies in Caucasian and Asian populations. Optimal cut-points for predicting risk for T2DM, dyslipidaemia and hypertension in men were 29.3–31.7kg/m2 for BMI; 98.8–102.9cm for WAIST; 0.91–0.93 for WHR and 0.56–0.60 for WhgtR. For women, the cut-points were 34.0–35.0kg/m2 (BMI), 100.0–102.8cm (WAIST), 0.83–0.86 (WHR) and 0.60–0.62 (WhgtR). Mean area under the curve (AUC) measurements for each index ranged between 0.57 and 0.75 for men and 0.49 and 0.72 for women. The indexes with the highest AUCs for men were WAIST, WhgtR and BMI; and for women were WAIST and WhgtR. Use of a 100cm tape for measuring WAIST is recommended as a simple public health and clinical indicator of risk until longitudinal follow-up studies can confirm findings of this study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]