194,568 results on '"Anthony, J."'
Search Results
2. Exploring Parents' Views on Supporting Their College Student with an Intellectual Disability to Develop Agency
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Rebecca B. Smith Hill, Anthony J. Plotner, and Chelsea VanHorn Stinnett
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College opportunities now exist for young adults with intellectual disability. Because of this, it is common for these individuals' parents to express a desire for increased student agency (Miller et al., 2018). Yet, little is known about how parents feel about how to best support agency development for their young adult child. In the current study, authors surveyed 64 parents with a student attending an inclusive postsecondary education program to examine their perceived level of confidence related to supporting their student in developing agency. Further, we looked at parents' responses to their perception of the most important skills related to supporting agency development. Findings showed that parents felt least confident in supporting students' financial independence and felt supporting navigation of intimate relationships to be least important. Implications for practice and directions for future research are presented.
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- 2024
3. Uncertainty Quantification of Antibody Measurements: Physical Principles and Implications for Standardization
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Patrone, Paul N., Wang, Lili, Lin-Gibson, Sheng, and Kearsley, Anthony J.
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Physics - Biological Physics ,Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods - Abstract
Harmonizing serology measurements is critical for identifying reference materials that permit standardization and comparison of results across different diagnostic platforms. However, the theoretical foundations of such tasks have yet to be fully explored in the context of antibody thermodynamics and uncertainty quantification (UQ). This has restricted the usefulness of standards currently deployed and limited the scope of materials considered as viable reference material. To address these problems, we develop rigorous theories of antibody normalization and harmonization, as well as formulate a probabilistic framework for defining correlates of protection. We begin by proposing a mathematical definition of harmonization equipped with structure needed to quantify uncertainty associated with the choice of standard, assay, etc. We then show how a thermodynamic description of serology measurements (i) relates this structure to the Gibbs free-energy of antibody binding, and thereby (ii) induces a regression analysis that directly harmonizes measurements. We supplement this with a novel, optimization-based normalization (not harmonization!) method that checks for consistency between reference and sample dilution curves. Last, we relate these analyses to uncertainty propagation techniques to estimate correlates of protection. A key result of these analyses is that under physically reasonable conditions, the choice of reference material does not increase uncertainty associated with harmonization or correlates of protection. We provide examples and validate main ideas in the context of an interlab study that lays the foundation for using monoclonal antibodies as a reference for SARS-CoV-2 serology measurements.
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- 2024
4. Analysis of Diagnostics (Part II): Prevalence, Linear Independence, and Unsupervised Learning
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Patrone, Paul N., Binder, Raquel A., Forconi, Catherine S., Moormann, Ann M., and Kearsley, Anthony J.
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Statistics - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Mathematics - Probability - Abstract
This is the second manuscript in a two-part series that uses diagnostic testing to understand the connection between prevalence (i.e. number of elements in a class), uncertainty quantification (UQ), and classification theory. Part I considered the context of supervised machine learning (ML) and established a duality between prevalence and the concept of relative conditional probability. The key idea of that analysis was to train a family of discriminative classifiers by minimizing a sum of prevalence-weighted empirical risk functions. The resulting outputs can be interpreted as relative probability level-sets, which thereby yield uncertainty estimates in the class labels. This procedure also demonstrated that certain discriminative and generative ML models are equivalent. Part II considers the extent to which these results can be extended to tasks in unsupervised learning through recourse to ideas in linear algebra. We first observe that the distribution of an impure population, for which the class of a corresponding sample is unknown, can be parameterized in terms of a prevalence. This motivates us to introduce the concept of linearly independent populations, which have different but unknown prevalence values. Using this, we identify an isomorphism between classifiers defined in terms of impure and pure populations. In certain cases, this also leads to a nonlinear system of equations whose solution yields the prevalence values of the linearly independent populations, fully realizing unsupervised learning as a generalization of supervised learning. We illustrate our methods in the context of synthetic data and a research-use-only SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
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- 2024
5. The AURORA Survey: The Nebular Attenuation Curve of a Galaxy at z=4.41 from Ultraviolet to Near-Infrared Wavelengths
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Sanders, Ryan L., Shapley, Alice E., Topping, Michael W., Reddy, Naveen A., Berg, Danielle A., Bouwens, Rychard J., Brammer, Gabriel, Carnall, Adam C., Cullen, Fergus, Davé, Romeel, Dunlop, James S., Ellis, Richard S., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Furlanetto, Steven R., Glazebrook, Karl, Illingworth, Garth D., Jones, Tucker, Kriek, Mariska, McLeod, Derek J., McLure, Ross J., Narayanan, Desika, Oesch, Pascal A., Pahl, Anthony J., Pettini, Max, Schaerer, Daniel, Stark, Daniel P., Steidel, Charles C., Tang, Mengtao, Clarke, Leonardo, Donnan, Callum T., and Kehoe, Emily
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We use JWST/NIRSpec observations from the Assembly of Ultradeep Rest-optical Observations Revealing Astrophysics (AURORA) survey to constrain the shape of the nebular attenuation curve of a star-forming galaxy at z=4.41, GOODSN-17940. We utilize 11 unblended HI recombination lines to derive the attenuation curve spanning optical to near-infrared wavelengths (3751-9550 \r{A}). We then leverage a high-S/N spectroscopic detection of the rest-frame ultraviolet continuum in combination with rest-UV photometric measurements to constrain the shape of the curve at ultraviolet wavelengths. While this UV constraint is predominantly based on stellar emission, the large measured equivalent widths of H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ indicate that GOODSN-17940 is dominated by an extremely young stellar population <10 Myr in age such that the UV stellar continuum experiences the same attenuation as the nebular emission. The resulting combined nebular attenuation curve spans 1400-9550 \r{A} and has a shape that deviates significantly from commonly assumed dust curves in high-redshift studies. Relative to the Milky Way, SMC, and Calzetti curves, the new curve has a steeper slope at long wavelengths ($\lambda>5000$ \r{A}) while displaying a similar slope across blue-optical wavelengths ($\lambda=3750-5000$ \r{A}). In the ultraviolet, the new curve is shallower than the SMC and Calzetti curves and displays no significant 2175 \r{A} bump. This work demonstrates that the most commonly assumed dust curves are not appropriate for all high-redshift galaxies. These results highlight the ability to derive nebular attenuation curves for individual high-redshift sources with deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy, thereby improving the accuracy of physical properties inferred from nebular emission lines., Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, submitted to ApJ
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- 2024
6. Vector Magnetometry Using Shallow Implanted NV Centers in Diamond with Waveguide-Assisted Dipole Excitation and Readout
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Shahbazi, Sajedeh, Coccia, Giulio, Lang, Johannes, Bharadwaj, Vibhav, Jelezko, Fedor, Ramponi, Roberta, Bennett, Anthony J., Hadden, John P., Eaton, Shane M., and Kubanek, Alexander
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Quantum Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
On-chip magnetic field sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond requires scalable integration of 3D waveguides into diamond substrates. Here, we develop a sensing array device with an ensemble of shallow implanted NV centers integrated with arrays of laser-written waveguides for excitation and readout of NV signals. Our approach enables an easy-to-operate on-chip magnetometer with a pixel size proportional to the Gaussian mode area of each waveguide. The performed continuous wave optically detected magnetic resonance on each waveguide gives an average dc-sensitivity value of $195 \pm 3 {nT}/\sqrt{Hz}$, which can be improved with lock-in-detection or pulsed-microwave sequences. We apply a magnetic field to separate the four NV crystallographic orientations of the magnetic resonance and then utilize a DC current through a straight wire antenna close to the waveguide to prove the sensor capabilities of our device. We reconstruct the complete vector magnetic field in the NV crystal frame using three different NV crystallographic orientations. By knowing the polarization axis of the waveguide mode, we project the magnetic field vector into the lab frame.
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- 2024
7. Cosmic ray susceptibility of the Terahertz Intensity Mapper detector arrays
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Liu, Lun-Jun, Janssen, Reinier M. J., Bumble, Bruce, Kane, Elijah, Foote, Logan M., Bradford, Charles M., Hailey-Dunsheath, Steven, Agrawal, Shubh, Aguirre, James E., Athreya, Hrushi, Bracks, Justin S., Brendal, Brockton S., Corso, Anthony J., Filippini, Jeffrey P., Fu, Jianyang, Groppi, Christopher E., Joralmon, Dylan, Keenan, Ryan P., Kowalik, Mikolaj, Lowe, Ian N., Manduca, Alex, Marrone, Daniel P., Mauskopf, Philip D., Mayer, Evan C., Nie, Rong, Razavimaleki, Vesal, Saeid, Talia, Trumper, Isaac, and Vieira, Joaquin D.
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Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Physics - Applied Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors - Abstract
We report on the effects of cosmic ray interactions with the Kinetic Inductance Detector (KID) based focal plane array for the Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM). TIM is a NASA-funded balloon-borne experiment designed to probe the peak of the star formation in the Universe. It employs two spectroscopic bands, each equipped with a focal plane of four $\sim\,$900-pixel, KID-based array chips. Measurements of an 864-pixel TIM array shows 791 resonators in a 0.5$\,$GHz bandwidth. We discuss challenges with resonator calibration caused by this high multiplexing density. We robustly identify the physical positions of 788 (99.6$\,$%) detectors using a custom LED-based identification scheme. Using this information we show that cosmic ray events occur at a rate of 2.1$\,\mathrm{events/min/cm^2}$ in our array. 66$\,$% of the events affect a single pixel, and another 33$\,$% affect $<\,$5 KIDs per event spread over a 0.66$\,\mathrm{cm^2}$ region (2 pixel pitches in radius). We observe a total cosmic ray dead fraction of 0.0011$\,$%, and predict that the maximum possible in-flight dead fraction is $\sim\,$0.165$\,$%, which demonstrates our design will be robust against these high-energy events., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for the publication in Journal of Low Temperature Physics (2024)
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- 2024
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8. Tunable frequency conversion in doped photonic crystal fiber pumped near degeneracy
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Murphy, Leah R, Olszewski, Mateusz J, Androvitsaneas, Petros, Perez, Miguel Alvarez, Smith, Will A M, Bennett, Anthony J, Mosley, Peter J, and Davis, Alex O C
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Physics - Optics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
Future quantum networks will rely on the ability to coherently transfer optically encoded quantum information between different wavelength bands. Bragg-scattering four-wave mixing in optical fiber is a promising route to achieving this, but requires fibers with precise dispersion control and broadband transmission at signal, target and pump wavelengths. Here we introduce a photonic crystal fiber with a germanium-doped core featuring group velocity matching at 1550 nm, the telecoms C-band, and 920 nm, within the emission range of efficient single photon sources based on InAs quantum dots. With low chromatic walk-off and good optical guidance even at long wavelengths, large lengths of this fiber are used to achieve nanometer-scale frequency shifts between wavelengths around 920 nm with up to 79.4\% internal conversion efficiency, allowing dissimilar InAs dots to be interfaced. We also show how cascading this frequency conversion can be used to generate a frequency comb away from telecoms wavelengths. Finally, we use the fiber to demonstrate tunable frequency conversion of weak classical signals around 918 nm to the telecoms C-band.
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- 2024
9. A spectroscopic analysis of the ionizing photon production efficiency in JADES and CEERS: implications for the ionizing photon budget
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Pahl, Anthony J., Topping, Michael W., Shapley, Alice, Sanders, Ryan, Reddy, Naveen A., Clarke, Leonardo, Kehoe, Emily, Bento, Trinity, and Brammer, Gabe
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We have used a combined sample of JADES and CEERS objects in order to constrain ionizing photon production efficiency ($\xi_{\rm ion}$) from JWST/NIRSpec and JWST/NIRCam data. We examine 163 objects at 1.06 < z < 6.71 with significant (3$\sigma$) spectroscopic detections of H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ in order to constrain intrinsic H$\alpha$ luminosities corrected from nebular dust attenuation via Balmer decrements. We constrain dust-corrected UV luminosities from best-fit spectral-energy distribution modeling. We find a sample median log$_{10}$($\xi{\rm ion,0}$/erg Hz$^{-1}$) = $25.29^{+0.29}_{-0.37}$, assuming f$_{\rm esc}$=0 for the escape fraction of Lyman continuum emission. We find significant correlation between $\xi_{\rm ion,0}$ and z, with 17 objects at z > 4.64 having median log$_{10}$($\xi_{\rm ion,0}$/erg Hz$^{-1}$) = $25.38^{+0.38}){-0.38}$, with those below having log$_{10}$($\xi_{\rm ion,0}$/erg Hz$^{-1}$) = $25.24^{+0.30}_{-0.33}$. We also find significant, positive correlations between $\xi_{\rm ion,0}$ and LUV; W{\lambda}([O iii]); [O iii]{\lambda}5007/[O ii]{\lambda}{\lambda}3726, 3729; and inverse correlations with metallicity. In contrast with some previous results, we find no trends between $\xi_{\rm ion,0}$ and stellar mass, stellar dust attenuation, or UV slope. Applying a multivariate fit to $\xi_{\rm ion,0}$, z, and MUV to an empirically-motivated model of reionization, and folding in f$_{\rm esc}$ estimates from direct observations of the Lyman continuum at z ~ 3 from the Keck Lyman Continuum Spectroscopic survey, we find that the number of ionizing photons entering the IGM causes reionization to end at z ~ 5 - 7., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
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- 2024
10. Eyes on the Game: Deciphering Implicit Human Signals to Infer Human Proficiency, Trust, and Intent
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Hulle, Nikhil, Aroca-Ouellette, Stéphane, Ries, Anthony J., Brawer, Jake, von der Wense, Katharina, and Roncone, Alessandro
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
Effective collaboration between humans and AIs hinges on transparent communication and alignment of mental models. However, explicit, verbal communication is not always feasible. Under such circumstances, human-human teams often depend on implicit, nonverbal cues to glean important information about their teammates such as intent and expertise, thereby bolstering team alignment and adaptability. Among these implicit cues, two of the most salient and fundamental are a human's actions in the environment and their visual attention. In this paper, we present a novel method to combine eye gaze data and behavioral data, and evaluate their respective predictive power for human proficiency, trust, and intent. We first collect a dataset of paired eye gaze and gameplay data in the fast-paced collaborative "Overcooked" environment. We then train models on this dataset to compare how the predictive powers differ between gaze data, gameplay data, and their combination. We additionally compare our method to prior works that aggregate eye gaze data and demonstrate how these aggregation methods can substantially reduce the predictive ability of eye gaze. Our results indicate that, while eye gaze data and gameplay data excel in different situations, a model that integrates both types consistently outperforms all baselines. This work paves the way for developing intuitive and responsive agents that can efficiently adapt to new teammates., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, To be published in The 33rd IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, IEEE RO-MAN 2024
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- 2024
11. Roadmap to Neuromorphic Computing with Emerging Technologies
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Mehonic, Adnan, Ielmini, Daniele, Roy, Kaushik, Mutlu, Onur, Kvatinsky, Shahar, Serrano-Gotarredona, Teresa, Linares-Barranco, Bernabe, Spiga, Sabina, Savelev, Sergey, Balanov, Alexander G, Chawla, Nitin, Desoli, Giuseppe, Malavena, Gerardo, Compagnoni, Christian Monzio, Wang, Zhongrui, Yang, J Joshua, Syed, Ghazi Sarwat, Sebastian, Abu, Mikolajick, Thomas, Noheda, Beatriz, Slesazeck, Stefan, Dieny, Bernard, Tuo-Hung, Hou, Varri, Akhil, Bruckerhoff-Pluckelmann, Frank, Pernice, Wolfram, Zhang, Xixiang, Pazos, Sebastian, Lanza, Mario, Wiefels, Stefan, Dittmann, Regina, Ng, Wing H, Buckwell, Mark, Cox, Horatio RJ, Mannion, Daniel J, Kenyon, Anthony J, Lu, Yingming, Yang, Yuchao, Querlioz, Damien, Hutin, Louis, Vianello, Elisa, Chowdhury, Sayeed Shafayet, Mannocci, Piergiulio, Cai, Yimao, Sun, Zhong, Pedretti, Giacomo, Strachan, John Paul, Strukov, Dmitri, Gallo, Manuel Le, Ambrogio, Stefano, Valov, Ilia, and Waser, Rainer
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Computer Science - Hardware Architecture ,Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control - Abstract
The roadmap is organized into several thematic sections, outlining current computing challenges, discussing the neuromorphic computing approach, analyzing mature and currently utilized technologies, providing an overview of emerging technologies, addressing material challenges, exploring novel computing concepts, and finally examining the maturity level of emerging technologies while determining the next essential steps for their advancement., Comment: 90 pages, 22 figures, roadmap, neuromorphic
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- 2024
12. Comparisons Between Resolved Star Formation Rate and Gas Tracers in the Strongly Lensed Galaxy SDSS J0901+1814 at Cosmic Noon
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Chen, Qingxiang, Sharon, Chelsea E., Algera, Hiddo S., Baker, Andrew J., Keeton, Charles R., Lutz, Dieter, Liu, Daizhong, Young, Anthony J., Tagore, Amit, Rivera, Jesus, Hicks, Erin K., Allam, Sahar S., and Tucker, Douglas L.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We report new radio observations of SDSS J090122.37+181432.3, a strongly lensed star-forming galaxy at $z=2.26$. We image 1.4 GHz (L-band) and 3 GHz (S-band) continuum using the VLA and 1.2 mm (band 6) continuum with ALMA, in addition to the CO(7-6) and CI(${\rm ^3P_2\rightarrow ^3\!P_1}$) lines, all at $\lesssim1.^{\prime\prime}7$ resolution. Based on the VLA integrated flux densities, we decompose the radio spectrum into its free-free (FF) and non-thermal components. The infrared-radio correlation (IRRC) parameter $q_{\rm TIR}=2.65_{-0.31}^{+0.24}$ is consistent with expectations for star forming galaxies. We obtain radio continuum-derived SFRs that are free of dust extinction, finding $\rm {620}_{-220}^{+280}\,M_\odot\,yr^{-1}$, $\rm {230}_{-160}^{+570}\,M_\odot\,yr^{-1}$, and $\rm {280}_{-120}^{+460}\,M_\odot\,yr^{-1}$ from the FF emission, non-thermal emission, and when accounting for both emission processes, respectively, in agreement with previous results. We estimate the gas mass from the CI(${\rm ^3P_2\rightarrow ^3\!P_1}$) line as $M_{\rm gas}=(1.2\pm0.2)\times10^{11}\,M_\odot$, which is consistent with prior CO(1-0)-derived gas masses. Using our new IR and radio continuum data to map the SFR, we assess the dependence of the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation on choices of SFR and gas tracer for $\sim{\rm kpc}$ scales. The different SFR tracers yield different slopes, with the IR being the steepest, potentially due to highly obscured star formation in J0901. The radio continuum maps have the lowest slopes and overall fidelity for mapping the SFR, despite producing consistent total SFRs. We also find that the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation slope is flattest when using CO(7-6) or CI(${\rm ^3P_2\rightarrow ^3\!P_1}$) to trace gas mass, suggesting that those transitions are not suitable for tracing the bulk molecular gas in galaxies like J0901., Comment: 28 pages, 13 figures, 9 tables
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- 2024
13. A Meta-Framework for Conducting an Integrated Mixed Methods Autoethnography
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Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie, Madeline L. Abrams, Sandra Schamroth Abrams, Anna S. CohenMiller, and Anthony Bambrola
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This article is dedicated to the late Michael D. Fetters--a giant in the world of mixed methods research, an exceptional researcher and scholar, a professor of family medicine, a caring and beloved family physician, a lifelong learner, a colleague, a mentor, a steadfast advocate, a son, a sibling, a husband, a father, and, above all, a dear friend to everyone who knew him. Inspired by Professor Fetters's innovation, we offer an expanded definition of autoethnography through the formal introduction of the 10 dimensions of autoethnography, as well as the debut of mixed methods autoethnography and of integrated mixed methods autoethnography. An autoethnographic narrative writing style honors both the research genre and the mixed methods researchers' voices.
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- 2024
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14. 'They Just Forget about the Students': Growing Resilient Urban Farmers with a Research Practice Partnership
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Marc T. Sager and Anthony J. Petrosino
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A sustainable transdisciplinary research network was established through a research practice partnership (RPP) between an urban farm, faculty and staff from a Historically Black College (HBC), and researchers at a medium-sized private university. We investigate student-worker resilience at this urban farm situated on the HBC campus, drawing on literature that explores tensions between informal learning environments and formal spaces, equitable food systems and farming systems, as well as the resilience of farm work, and which is grounded critical food systems education theory. Utilizing a participatory design approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews and deductively analyzed the data. The research questions guiding this paper are: (1) What topics of discussion are most important to the student-workers and staff working on an urban farm, (2) How do student-workers and college staff members perceive and experience resilience on an urban farm? We found that what participants on an urban farm discuss, relating to their experiences, include (1) how participants were eager to "engage" with the local community, (2) how participants demonstrated "resilience" while working on the urban farm, (3) how "power dynamics" played a pivotal role informing the direction of the urban farm, (4) how participants consider community "access" to healthy foods an important mission for the farm, (5) how the college acted as a power wielding entity, perpetuating its "privilege" over the farmers and the farm operations. These findings have the potential to enable community organizing spaces to promote resilience for their volunteers and workers, and for urban farms top partner with their community to promote the mission of increasing access to healthy and affordable food options.
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- 2024
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15. Emissive Guanosine Analog Applicable for Real-Time Live Cell Imaging
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Steinbuch, Kfir B, Cong, Deyuan, Rodriguez, Anthony J, and Tor, Yitzhak
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Inorganic Chemistry ,Chemical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Humans ,DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ,Viral Proteins ,Guanosine ,Microscopy ,Confocal ,Cell Survival ,HEK293 Cells ,Organic Chemistry ,Biological sciences ,Chemical sciences - Abstract
A new emissive guanosine analog CF3thG, constructed by a single trifluoromethylation step from the previously reported thG, displays red-shifted absorption and emission spectra compared to its precursor. The impact of solvent type and polarity on the photophysical properties of CF3thG suggests that the electronic effects of the trifluoromethyl group dominate its behavior and demonstrates its susceptibility to microenvironmental polarity changes. In vitro transcription initiations using T7 RNA polymerase, initiated with CF3thG, result in highly emissive 5'-labeled RNA transcripts, demonstrating the tolerance of the enzyme toward the analog. Viability assays with HEK293T cells displayed no detrimental effects at tested concentrations, indicating the safety of the analog for cellular applications. Live cell imaging of the free emissive guanosine analog using confocal microscopy was facilitated by its red-shifted absorption and emission and adequate brightness. Real-time live cell imaging demonstrated the release of the guanosine analog from HEK293T cells at concentration-gradient conditions, which was suppressed by the addition of guanosine.
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- 2024
16. Safety of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab: insights from 47 296 patient-years of observation
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Goodman, Shaun G, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Szarek, Michael, Bhatt, Deepak L, Bittner, Vera A, Diaz, Rafael, Harrington, Robert A, Jukema, J Wouter, White, Harvey D, Zeiher, Andreas M, Manvelian, Garen, Pordy, Robert, Poulouin, Yann, Stipek, Wanda, Garon, Genevieve, Schwartz, Gregory G, Steg, Ph Gabriel, Tricoci, Pierluigi, Roe, Matthew T, Mahaffey, Kenneth W, Edelberg, Jay M, Hanotin, Corinne, Lecorps, Guillaume, Moryusef, Angèle, Sasiela, William J, Tamby, Jean-François, Aylward, Philip E, Drexel, Heinz, Sinnaeve, Peter, Dilic, Mirza, Lopes, Renato D, Gotcheva, Nina N, Prieto, Juan-Carlos, Yong, Huo, López-Jaramillo, Patricio, Pećin, Ivan, Reiner, Zeljko, Ostadal, Petr, Poulsen, Steen Hvitfeldt, Viigimaa, Margus, Nieminen, Markku S, Danchin, Nicolas, Chumburidze, Vakhtang, Marx, Nikolaus, Liberopoulos, Evangelos, Valdovinos, Pablo Carlos Montenegro, Tse, Hung-Fat, Kiss, Robert Gabor, Xavier, Denis, Zahger, Doron, Valgimigli, Marco, Kimura, Takeshi, Kim, Hyo Soo, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Erglis, Andrejs, Laucevicius, Aleksandras, Kedev, Sasko, Yusoff, Khalid, López, Gabriel Arturo Ramos, Alings, Marco, Halvorsen, Sigrun, Flores, Roger M Correa, Sy, Rody G, Budaj, Andrzej, Morais, Joao, Dorobantu, Maria, Karpov, Yuri, Ristic, Arsen D, Chua, Terrance, Murin, Jan, Fras, Zlatko, Dalby, Anthony J, Tuñón, José, de Silva, H Asita, Hagström, Emil, Landmesser, Ulf, Chiang, Chern-En, Sritara, Piyamitr, Guneri, Sema, Parkhomenko, Alexander, Ray, Kausik K, Moriarty, Patrick M, Chaitman, Bernard, Kelsey, Sheryl F, Olsson, Anders G, and Rouleau, Jean-Lucien
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Patient Safety ,Clinical Research ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Humanized ,Anticholesteremic Agents ,Biomarkers ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cholesterol ,LDL ,Dyslipidemias ,PCSK9 Inhibitors ,Proprotein Convertase 9 ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ,Time Factors ,Treatment Outcome ,ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Investigators ,Alirocumab ,Cholesterol ,PCSK9 ,Safety ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial, comprising over 47 000 patient-years of placebo-controlled observation, demonstrated important reductions in the risk of recurrent ischaemic cardiovascular events with the monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 alirocumab, as well as lower all-cause death. These benefits were observed in the context of substantial and persistent lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with alirocumab compared with that achieved with placebo. The safety profile of alirocumab was indistinguishable from matching placebo except for a ∼1.7% absolute increase in local injection site reactions. Further, the safety of alirocumab compared with placebo was evident in vulnerable groups identified before randomization, such as the elderly and those with diabetes mellitus, previous ischaemic stroke, or chronic kidney disease. The frequency of adverse events and laboratory-based abnormalities was generally similar to that in placebo-treated patients. Thus, alirocumab appears to be a safe and effective lipid-modifying treatment over a duration of at least 5 years.
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- 2024
17. The AURORA Survey: A New Era of Emission-line Diagrams with JWST/NIRSpec
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Shapley, Alice E., Sanders, Ryan L., Topping, Michael W., Reddy, Naveen A., Berg, Danielle A., Bouwens, Rychard J., Brammer, Gabriel, Carnall, Adam C., Cullen, Fergus, Davé, Romeel, Dunlop, James S., Ellis, Richard S., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Furlanetto, Steven R ., Glazebrook, Karl, Illingworth, Garth D., Jones, Tucker, Kriek, Mariska, McLeod, Derek J., McLure, Ross J., Narayanan, Desika, Oesch, Pascal, Pahl, Anthony J., Pettini, Max, Schaerer, Daniel, Stark, Daniel P., Steidel, Charles C., Tang, Mengtao, Clarke, Leonardo, Donnan, Callum T., and Kehoe, Emily
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present results on the emission-line properties of z=1.4-7.5 star-forming galaxies in the Assembly of Ultradeep Rest-optical Observations Revealing Astrophysics (AURORA) Cycle 1 JWST/NIRSpec program. Based on its depth, continuous wavelength coverage from 1--5 microns, and medium spectral resolution (R~1000), AURORA includes detections of a large suite of nebular emission lines spanning a broad range in rest wavelength. We investigate the locations of AURORA galaxies in multiple different emission-line diagrams, including traditional "BPT" diagrams of [OIII]/Hbeta vs. [NII]/Halpha, [SII]/Halpha, and [OI]/Halpha, and the "ionization-metallicity" diagram of [OIII]/[OII] (O32) vs. ([OIII]+[OII])/Hbeta (R23). We also consider a bluer rest-frame "ionization-metallicity" diagram introduced recently to characterize z>10 galaxies: [NeIII]/[OII] vs. ([NeIII]+[OII])/Hdelta; as well as longer-wavelength diagnostic diagrams extending into the rest-frame near-IR: [OIII]/Hbeta vs. [SIII]/[SII] (S32); and HeI/Pagamma and [SIII]/Pagamma vs. [FeII]/Pabeta. With a significant boost in signal-to-noise and large, representative samples of individual galaxy detections, the AURORA emission-line diagrams presented here definitively confirm a physical picture in which chemically-young, alpha-enhanced, massive stars photoionize the ISM in distant galaxies with a harder ionizing spectrum at fixed nebular metallicity than in their z~0 counterparts. We also uncover previously unseen evolution prior to z~2 in the [OIII]/Hbeta vs. [NII]/Halpha diagram, which motivates deep NIRSpec observations at even higher redshift. Finally, we present the first statistical sample of rest-frame near-IR emission-line diagnostics in star-forming galaxies at high redshift. In order to truly interpret rest-frame near-IR line ratios including [FeII], we must obtain better constraints on dust depletion in the high-redshift ISM., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, submitted to ApJ
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- 2024
18. Cascade of multi-exciton states generated by singlet fission
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Sun, Yan, Monteverde, M., Derkach, V., Anthony, J. E., and Chepelianskii, A. D.
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
Identifying multi-exciton states generated from singlet fission is key to understanding the carrier multiplication process, which presents a strategy for improving the efficiency of photovoltaics and bio-imaging. Broadband optically detected magnetic resonance is a sensitive technique to detect multi-exciton states. Here we report a dominant species emerging under intense light excitation corresponding to a weakly exchange coupled triplet pair located on adjacent molecules oriented by nearly 90 degrees, contrasting to the pi-stacked triplet pair under low excitation intensity. The weakly coupled species model precisely reproduces the intricate spin transitions in the Hilbert space of the triplet pair. Combining the magneto photoluminescence and high-magnetic field ODMR, we also identify a strongly exchange-coupled state of three triplet excitons formed by photoexcited V2, which manifests through the magnetic field induced level crossings between its quintet and triplet manifolds. The excellent agreement between the experimental Zeeman fan and the two-triplet spin Hamiltonian highlights the potential of multi-exciton states for quantum information processing.
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- 2024
19. The First Combined H$\alpha$ and Rest-UV Spectroscopic Probe of Galactic Outflows at High Redshift
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Kehoe, Emily, Shapley, Alice E., Schreiber, N. M Forster, Pahl, Anthony J., Topping, Michael W., Reddy, Naveen A., Genzel, Reinhard, Price, Sedona H., and Tacconi, L. J.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We investigate the multi-phase structure of gas flows in galaxies. We study 80 galaxies during the epoch of peak star formation ($1.4\leq z\leq2.7$) using data from Keck/LRIS and VLT/KMOS. Our analysis provides a simultaneous probe of outflows using UV emission and absorption features and H$\alpha$ emission. With this unprecedented data set, we examine the properties of gas flows estimated from LRIS and KMOS in relation to other galaxy properties, such as star formation rate (SFR), star formation rate surface density ($\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$), stellar mass (M$_*$), and main sequence offset ($\Delta$MS). We find no strong correlations between outflow velocity measured from rest-UV lines and galaxy properties. However, we find that galaxies with detected outflows show higher averages in SFR, $\Sigma_{\rm SFR}$, and $\Delta$MS than those lacking outflow detections, indicating a connection between outflow and galaxy properties. Furthermore, we find a lower average outflow velocity than previously reported, suggesting greater absorption at the systemic redshift of the galaxy. Finally, we detect outflows in 49% of our LRIS sample and 30% in the KMOS sample, and find no significant correlation between outflow detection and inclination. These results may indicate that outflows are not collimated and that H$\alpha$ outflows have a lower covering fraction than low-ionization interstellar absorption lines. Additionally, these tracers may be sensitive to different physical scales of outflow activity. A larger sample size with a wider dynamic range in galaxy properties is needed to further test this picture., Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, submitted to ApJ
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- 2024
20. Multimodal Resonance in Strongly Coupled Inductor Arrays
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Hughes, Robert R., Treisman, James, Arroyo, Alexis Hernandez, and Mulholland, Anthony J.
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control ,Physics - Applied Physics - Abstract
Magnetic resonance coupling (MRC) is widely used for wireless power transfer (WPT) applications, but little work has explored how MRC phenomena could be exploited for sensing applications. This paper introduces, validates and evaluates the unique multi-resonant phenomena predicted by circuit theory for over-coupled inductive arrays, and presents eigen-formulae for calculating resonant frequencies and voltage modes within passively excited arrays. Finite-element simulations and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the multi-modal resonant principles for strongly-coupled inductor arrays. The results confirm the distinctive multi-modal resonant frequencies these arrays exhibit, corresponding to the specific magnetic excitation "modes" (comparable to vibrational modes in multi-degree-of-freedom systems). The theoretical and finite element models presented offer a framework for designing and optimizing novel inductive sensing arrays, capitalizing on the unique resonant effects of over-coupling and exploiting their potential magnetic field shaping.
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- 2024
21. On the origin of infrared bands attributed to tryptophan in Spitzer observations of IC 348
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Dhariwal, Aditya, Speak, Thomas H., Zeng, Linshan, Rashidi, Amirhossein, Moore, Brendan, Berné, Olivier, Remijan, Anthony J., Schroetter, Ilane, McGuire, Brett A., Rivilla, Víctor M., Belloche, Arnaud, Jørgensen, Jes K., Djuricanin, Pavle, Momose, Takamasa, and Cooke, Ilsa R.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
Infrared emission features toward interstellar gas of the IC 348 star cluster in Perseus have been recently proposed to originate from the amino acid tryptophan. The assignment was based on laboratory infrared spectra of tryptophan pressed into pellets, a method which is known to cause large frequency shifts compared to the gas phase. We assess the validity of the assignment based on the original Spitzer data as well as new data from JWST. In addition, we report new spectra of tryptophan condensed in para-hydrogen matrices to compare with the observed spectra. The JWST MIRI data do not show evidence for tryptophan, despite deeper integration toward IC 348. In addition, we show that several of the lines attributed to tryptophan are likely due to instrumental artifacts. This, combined with the new laboratory data, allows us to conclude that there is no compelling evidence for the tryptophan assignment.
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- 2024
22. Prevalence estimation methods for time-dependent antibody kinetics of infected and vaccinated individuals: a graph-theoretic approach
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Bedekar, Prajakta, Luke, Rayanne A., and Kearsley, Anthony J.
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Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Mathematics - Probability ,Physics - Biological Physics ,Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods ,Statistics - Methodology ,92D30, 92-10 - Abstract
Immune events such as infection, vaccination, and a combination of the two result in distinct time-dependent antibody responses in affected individuals. These responses and event prevalences combine non-trivially to govern antibody levels sampled from a population. Time-dependence and disease prevalence pose considerable modeling challenges that need to be addressed to provide a rigorous mathematical underpinning of the underlying biology. We propose a time-inhomogeneous Markov chain model for event-to-event transitions coupled with a probabilistic framework for anti-body kinetics and demonstrate its use in a setting in which individuals can be infected or vaccinated but not both. We prove the equivalency of this approach to the framework developed in our previous work. Synthetic data are used to demonstrate the modeling process and conduct prevalence estimation via transition probability matrices. This approach is ideal to model sequences of infections and vaccinations, or personal trajectories in a population, making it an important first step towards a mathematical characterization of reinfection, vaccination boosting, and cross-events of infection after vaccination or vice versa., Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
23. The Rise of Faint, Red AGN at $z>4$: A Sample of Little Red Dots in the JWST Extragalactic Legacy Fields
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Kocevski, Dale D., Finkelstein, Steven L., Barro, Guillermo, Taylor, Anthony J., Calabrò, Antonello, Laloux, Brivael, Buchner, Johannes, Trump, Jonathan R., Leung, Gene C. K., Yang, Guang, Dickinson, Mark, Pérez-González, Pablo G., Pacucci, Fabio, Inayoshi, Kohei, Somerville, Rachel S., McGrath, Elizabeth J., Akins, Hollis B., Bagley, Micaela B., Bisigello, Laura, Bowler, Rebecca A. A., Carnall, Adam, Casey, Caitlin M., Cheng, Yingjie, Cleri, Nikko J., Costantin, Luca, Cullen, Fergus, Davis, Kelcey, Donnan, Callum T., Dunlop, James S., Ellis, Richard S., Ferguson, Henry C., Fujimoto, Seiji, Fontana, Adriano, Giavalisco, Mauro, Grazian, Andrea, Grogin, Norman A., Hathi, Nimish P., Hirschmann, Michaela, Huertas-Company, Marc, Holwerda, Benne W., Illingworth, Garth, Juneau, Stéphanie, Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S., Koekemoer, Anton M., Li, Wenxiu, Lucas, Ray A., Magee, Dan, Mason, Charlotte, McLeod, Derek J., McLure, Ross J., Napolitano, Lorenzo, Papovich, Casey, Pirzkal, Nor, Rodighiero, Giulia, Santini, Paola, Wilkins, Stephen M., and Yung, L. Y. Aaron
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present a sample of 341 "little red dots" (LRDs) spanning the redshift range $z\sim2-11$ using data from the CEERS, PRIMER, JADES, UNCOVER and NGDEEP surveys. These sources are likely heavily-reddened AGN that trace a previously-hidden phase of dust-obscured black hole growth in the early Universe. Unlike past use of color indices to identify LRDs, we employ continuum slope fitting using shifting bandpasses to sample the same rest-frame emission blueward and redward of the Balmer break. This approach allows us to identify LRDs over a wider redshift range and is less susceptible to contamination from galaxies with strong breaks that otherwise lack a rising red continuum. The redshift distribution of our sample increases at $z<8$ and then undergoes a rapid decline at $z\sim4.5$, which may tie the emergence, and obscuration, of these sources to the inside-out growth that galaxies experience during this epoch. We find that LRDs are 2-3 dex more numerous than bright quasars at $z\sim5-7$, but their number density is only 0.6-1 dex higher than X-ray and UV selected AGN at these redshifts. Within our sample, we have identified the first X-ray detected LRDs at $z=3.1$ and $z=4.66$. An X-ray spectral analysis confirms that these AGN are moderately obscured with $\log\,(N_{\rm H}/{\rm cm}^{2}$) of $23.3^{+0.4}_{-1.3}$ and $22.72^{+0.13}_{-0.16}$. Our analysis reveals that reddened AGN emission dominates their rest-optical light, while the rest-UV originates from their host galaxies. We also present NIRSpec follow-up spectroscopy of 17 LRDs that show broad emission lines consistent with AGN activity. The confirmed AGN fraction of our sample is $71\%$ for sources with F444W$<26.5$. In addition, we find three LRDs with narrow blue-shifted Balmer absorption features in their spectra, suggesting an outflow of high-density, low ionization gas from near the central engine of these faint, red AGN., Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures, submitted to ApJ
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- 2024
24. Low Stroke Volume Predicts Deterioration in Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: Prospective Study
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Weekes, Anthony J., Hambright, Parker, Trautmann, Ariana, Ali, Shane, Pikus, Angela, Wellinsky, Nicole, Shah, Sanjeev, and O'Connell, Nathaniel
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pulmonary embolism ,Risk ,Outcome ,Prognosis ,Stroke Volume ,Echocardiography - Abstract
Introduction: Prognosis and management of patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is challenging. We investigated whether stroke volume may be used to identify the subset of this population at increased risk of clinical deterioration or PE-related death. Our secondary objective was to compare echocardiographic measurements of patients who received escalated interventions vs anticoagulation monotherapy.Methods: We selected patients with intermediate-risk PE, who had comprehensive echocardiography within 18 hours of PE diagnosis and before any escalated interventions, from a PE registry populated by 11 emergency departments. Echocardiographers measured right ventricle (RV) size, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and stroke volume (SV) using velocity time integral (VTI) by left ventricular (LV) outflow tract Doppler or two-dimensional method of discs (MOD). The primary outcome was a composite of PE-related death, cardiac arrest, catecholamine administration for sustained hypotension, or emergency respiratory intervention during the index hospitalization. Secondary outcome was escalated intervention with reperfusion or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy.Results: Of 370 intermediate-risk PE patients (mean age 64.0 ± 15.5 years, 38.1% male), 39 (10.5%) had the primary outcome. These 39 patients had lower mean SV regardless of measurement method than those without the primary outcome: SV MOD 36.2 vs 49.9 milliliters (mL), P < 0.001; SV Doppler 41.7 vs 57.2 mL, P = 0.003; VTI 13.6 vs 17.9 centimeters [cm], P = 0.003. Patients with primary outcome also had lower mean TAPSE than those without (1.54 vs 1.81 cm, P = 0.003). Multivariable models, selecting SV as predictor, had area under the receiver operating curve of 0.8 and Brier score 0.08. The best echocardiographic predictor of our primary outcome was SV MOD (odds ratio 0.72 [0.53, 0.94], P = 0.02). Patients who received escalated interventions had significantly lower SV or surrogate measurements, greater RV dilatation, and lower RV systolic function than patients who received anticoagulation monotherapy.Conclusion: Low stroke volume was a predictor of clinical deterioration and PE-related death. Low SV may be used to identify a subset of intermediate-risk PE patients, who are higher risk (intermediate-high risk), and for whom escalated interventions should be considered.
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- 2024
25. Management of pediatric renal trauma: Results from the American Association for Surgery and Trauma Multi-Institutional Pediatric Acute Renal Trauma Study
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Hwang, Catalina K, Matta, Rano, Woolstenhulme, Jonathan, Britt, Alexandra K, Schaeffer, Anthony J, Zakaluzny, Scott A, Kleber, Kara Teresa, Sheikali, Adam, Flynn-O'Brien, Katherine T, Sandilos, Georgianna, Shimonovich, Shachar, Fox, Nicole, Hess, Alexis B, Zeller, Kristen A, Koberlein, George C, Levy, Brittany E, Draus, John M, Sacks, Marla, Chen, Catherine, Luo-Owen, Xian, Stephens, Jacob Robert, Shah, Mit, Burks, Frank, Moses, Rachel A, Rezaee, Michael E, Vemulakonda, Vijaya M, Halstead, N Valeska, LaCouture, Hunter M, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Copp, Hillary, Breyer, Benjamin, Schwartz, Ian, Feia, Kendall, Pagliara, Travis, Shi, Jennifer, Neuville, Paul, and Hagedorn, Judith C
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Kidney Disease ,Pediatric ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,7.3 Management and decision making ,Injuries and accidents ,Humans ,Male ,Female ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,United States ,Kidney ,Injury Severity Score ,Trauma Centers ,Adolescent ,Wounds ,Nonpenetrating ,Child ,Preschool ,Infant ,Multi-institutional ,pediatric trauma ,renal trauma ,trauma centers ,conservative management ,Clinical sciences ,Nursing - Abstract
BackgroundPediatric renal trauma is rare and lacks sufficient population-specific data to generate evidence-based management guidelines. A nonoperative approach is preferred and has been shown to be safe. However, bleeding risk assessment and management of collecting system injury are not well understood. We introduce the Multi-institutional Pediatric Acute Renal Trauma Study (Mi-PARTS), a retrospective cohort study designed to address these questions. This article describes the demographics and contemporary management of pediatric renal trauma at Level I trauma centers in the United States.MethodsRetrospective data were collected at 13 participating Level I trauma centers on pediatric patients presenting with renal trauma between 2010 and 2019. Data were gathered on demographics, injury characteristics, management, and short-term outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to report on demographics, acute management, and outcomes.ResultsIn total, 1,216 cases were included in this study. Of all patients, 67.2% were male, and 93.8% had a blunt injury mechanism. In addition, 29.3% had isolated renal injuries, and 65.6% were high-grade (American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Grades III-V) injuries. The mean Injury Severity Score was 20.5. Most patients were managed nonoperatively (86.4%), and 3.9% had an open surgical intervention, including 2.7% having nephrectomy. Angioembolization was performed in 0.9%. Collecting system intervention was performed in 7.9%. Overall mortality was 3.3% and was only observed in patients with multiple injuries. The rate of avoidable transfer was 28.2%.ConclusionThe management and outcomes of pediatric renal trauma lack data to inform evidence-based guidelines. Nonoperative management of bleeding following renal injury is a well-established practice. Intervention for renal trauma is rare. Our findings reinforce differences from the adult population and highlights opportunities for further investigation. With data made available through Mi-PARTS, we aimed to answer pediatric specific questions, including a pediatric-specific bleeding risk nomogram, and better understanding indications for interventions for collecting system injuries.Level of evidencePrognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
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- 2024
26. Cost-benefit analysis of ecosystem modelling to support fisheries management
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Holden, Matthew H., Plagányi, Eva E., Fulton, Elizabeth A., Campbell, Alexander B., Janes, Rachel, Lovett, Robyn A., Wickens, Montana, Adams, Matthew P., Botelho, Larissa Lubiana, Dichmont, Catherine M., Erm, Philip, Helmstedt, Kate J, Heneghan, Ryan F., Mendiolar, Manuela, Richardson, Anthony J., Rogers, Jacob G. D., Saunders, Kate, and Timms, Liam
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Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,92D - Abstract
Mathematical and statistical models underlie many of the world's most important fisheries management decisions. Since the 19th century, difficulty calibrating and fitting such models has been used to justify the selection of simple, stationary, single-species models to aid tactical fisheries management decisions. Whereas these justifications are reasonable, it is imperative that we quantify the value of different levels of model complexity for supporting fisheries management, especially given a changing climate, where old methodologies may no longer perform as well as in the past. Here we argue that cost-benefit analysis is an ideal lens to assess the value of model complexity in fisheries management. While some studies have reported the benefits of model complexity in fisheries, modeling costs are rarely considered. In the absence of cost data in the literature, we report, as a starting point, relative costs of single-species stock assessment and marine ecosystem models from two Australian organizations. We found that costs varied by two orders of magnitude, and that ecosystem model costs increased with model complexity. Using these costs, we walk through a hypothetical example of cost-benefit analysis. The demonstration is intended to catalyze the reporting of modeling costs and benefits.
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- 2024
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27. Rotational Spectrum and First Interstellar Detection of 2-Methoxyethanol Using ALMA Observations of NGC 6334I
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Fried, Zachary T. P., El-Abd, Samer J., Hays, Brian M., Wenzel, Gabi, Byrne, Alex N., Margulès, Laurent, Motiyenko, Roman A., Shipman, Steven T., Horne, Maria P., Jørgensen, Jes K., Brogan, Crystal L., Hunter, Todd R., Remijan, Anthony J., Lipnicky, Andrew, Loomis, Ryan A., and McGuire, Brett A.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We use both chirped-pulse Fourier transform and frequency modulated absorption spectroscopy to study the rotational spectrum of 2-methoxyethanol in several frequency regions ranging from 8.7-500 GHz. The resulting rotational parameters permitted a search for this molecule in Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations toward the massive protocluster NGC 6334I as well as source B of the low-mass protostellar system IRAS 16293-2422. 25 rotational transitions are observed in the ALMA Band 4 data toward NGC 6334I, resulting in the first interstellar detection of 2-methoxyethanol. A column density of $1.3_{-0.9}^{+1.4} \times 10^{17}$ cm$^{-2}$ is derived at an excitation temperature of $143_{-39}^{+31}$ K. However, molecular signal is not observed in the Band 7 data toward IRAS 16293-2422B and an upper limit column density of $2.5 \times 10^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$ is determined. Various possible formation pathways--including radical recombination and insertion reactions--are discussed. We also investigate physical differences between the two interstellar sources that could result in the observed abundance variations., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
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- 2024
28. Hearing the shape of an arena with spectral swarm robotics
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Cazenille, Leo, Lobato-Dauzier, Nicolas, Loi, Alessia, Ito, Mika, Marchal, Olivier, Aubert-Kato, Nathanael, Bredeche, Nicolas, and Genot, Anthony J.
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Computer Science - Robotics ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computational Geometry - Abstract
Swarm robotics promises adaptability to unknown situations and robustness against failures. However, it still struggles with global tasks that require understanding the broader context in which the robots operate, such as identifying the shape of the arena in which the robots are embedded. Biological swarms, such as shoals of fish, flocks of birds, and colonies of insects, routinely solve global geometrical problems through the diffusion of local cues. This paradigm can be explicitly described by mathematical models that could be directly computed and exploited by a robotic swarm. Diffusion over a domain is mathematically encapsulated by the Laplacian, a linear operator that measures the local curvature of a function. Crucially the geometry of a domain can generally be reconstructed from the eigenspectrum of its Laplacian. Here we introduce spectral swarm robotics where robots diffuse information to their neighbors to emulate the Laplacian operator - enabling them to "hear" the spectrum of their arena. We reveal a universal scaling that links the optimal number of robots (a global parameter) with their optimal radius of interaction (a local parameter). We validate experimentally spectral swarm robotics under challenging conditions with the one-shot classification of arena shapes using a sparse swarm of Kilobots. Spectral methods can assist with challenging tasks where robots need to build an emergent consensus on their environment, such as adaptation to unknown terrains, division of labor, or quorum sensing. Spectral methods may extend beyond robotics to analyze and coordinate swarms of agents of various natures, such as traffic or crowds, and to better understand the long-range dynamics of natural systems emerging from short-range interactions.
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- 2024
29. Semantics from Space: Satellite-Guided Thermal Semantic Segmentation Annotation for Aerial Field Robots
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Lee, Connor, Soedarmadji, Saraswati, Anderson, Matthew, Clark, Anthony J., and Chung, Soon-Jo
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
We present a new method to automatically generate semantic segmentation annotations for thermal imagery captured from an aerial vehicle by utilizing satellite-derived data products alongside onboard global positioning and attitude estimates. This new capability overcomes the challenge of developing thermal semantic perception algorithms for field robots due to the lack of annotated thermal field datasets and the time and costs of manual annotation, enabling precise and rapid annotation of thermal data from field collection efforts at a massively-parallelizable scale. By incorporating a thermal-conditioned refinement step with visual foundation models, our approach can produce highly-precise semantic segmentation labels using low-resolution satellite land cover data for little-to-no cost. It achieves 98.5% of the performance from using costly high-resolution options and demonstrates between 70-160% improvement over popular zero-shot semantic segmentation methods based on large vision-language models currently used for generating annotations for RGB imagery. Code will be available at: https://github.com/connorlee77/aerial-auto-segment.
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- 2024
30. Laser-written waveguide-integrated coherent spins in diamond
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Guo, Yanzhao, Hadden, John P., Gorrini, Federico, Coccia, Giulio, Bharadwaj, Vibhav, Kavatamane, Vinaya Kumar, Alam, Mohammad Sahnawaz, Ramponi, Roberta, Barclay, Paul E., Chiappini, Andrea, Ferrari, Maurizio, Kubanek, Alexander, Bifone, Angelo, Eaton, Shane M., and Bennett, Anthony J.
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
Quantum emitters, such as the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, are attractive for quantum technologies such as nano-sensing, quantum information processing, and as a non-classical light source. However, it is still challenging to position individual emitters in photonic structures whilst preserving the spin coherence properties of the defect. In this paper, we investigate single and ensemble waveguide-integrated nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond fabricated by femtosecond laser writing followed by thermal annealing. Their spin coherence properties are systematically investigated and are shown to be comparable to native nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. This method paves the way for the fabrication of coherent spins integrated within photonic devices., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
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- 2024
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31. Determining Strain Components in a Diamond Waveguide from Zero-Field ODMR Spectra of NV$^{-}$ Center Ensembles
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Alam, M. Sahnawaz, Gorrini, Federico, Gawełczyk, Michał, Wigger, Daniel, Coccia, Giulio, Guo, Yanzhao, Shahbazi, Sajedeh, Bharadwaj, Vibhav, Kubanek, Alexander, Ramponi, Roberta, Barclay, Paul E., Bennett, Anthony J., Hadden, John P., Bifone, Angelo, Eaton, Shane M., and Machnikowski, Paweł
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Quantum Physics - Abstract
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV$^{-}$) center in diamond has shown great potential in nanoscale sensing and quantum information processing due to its rich spin physics. An efficient coupling with light, providing strong luminescence, is crucial for realizing these applications. Laser-written waveguides in diamond promote NV$^{-}$ creation and improve their coupling to light but, at the same time, induce strain in the crystal. The induced strain contributes to light guiding but also affects the energy levels of NV$^{-}$ centers. We probe NV$^{-}$ spin states experimentally with the commonly used continuous-wave zero-field optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). In our waveguides, the ODMR spectra are shifted, split, and consistently asymmetric, which we attribute to the impact of local strain. To understand these features, we model ensemble ODMR signals in the presence of strain. By fitting the model results to the experimentally collected ODMR data, we determine the strain tensor components at different positions, thus determining the strain profile across the waveguide. This shows that zero-field ODMR spectroscopy can be used as a strain imaging tool. The resulting strain within the waveguide is dominated by a compressive axial component transverse to the waveguide structure, with a smaller contribution from vertical and shear strain components., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures + Supplementary Information (6 pages, 3 figures)
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- 2024
32. Safeguarding Oscillators and Qudits with Distributed Two-Mode Squeezing
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Brady, Anthony J., Wu, Jing, and Zhuang, Quntao
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Quantum Physics - Abstract
Recent advancements in multimode Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes have shown great promise in enhancing the protection of both discrete and analog quantum information. This broadened range of protection brings opportunities beyond quantum computing to benefit quantum sensing by safeguarding squeezing -- the essential resource in many quantum metrology protocols. However, it is less explored how quantum sensing can benefit quantum error correction. In this work, we provide a unique example where techniques from quantum sensing can be applied to improve multimode GKP codes. Inspired by distributed quantum sensing, we propose the distributed two-mode squeezing (dtms) GKP codes that offer benefits in error correction with minimal active encoding operations. In fact, the proposed codes rely on a single (active) two-mode squeezing element and an array of beamsplitters that effectively distributes continuous-variable correlations to many GKP ancillae, similar to continuous-variable distributed quantum sensing. Despite this simple construction, the code distance achievable with dtms-GKP qubit codes is comparable to previous results obtained through brute-force numerical search [PRX Quantum 4, 040334 (2023)]. Moreover, these codes enable analog noise suppression beyond that of the best-known two-mode codes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 080503 (2020)] without requiring an additional squeezer. We also provide a simple two-stage decoder for the proposed codes, which appears near-optimal for the case of two modes and permits analytical evaluation., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures
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- 2024
33. Probing Purcell enhancement and photon collection efficiency of InAs quantum dots at nodes of the cavity electric field
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Jordan, Matthew, Androvitsaneas, Petros, Clark, Rachel N, Trapalis, Aristotelis, Farrer, Ian, Langbein, Wolfgang, and Bennett, Anthony J.
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
The interaction of excitonic transitions with confined photonic modes enables tests of quantum physics and design of efficient optoelectronic devices. Here we study how key metrics such as Purcell factor, beta-factor and collection efficiency are determined by the non-cavity modes which exist in real devices, taking the well-studied micropillar cavity as an example. Samples with dots at different positions in the cavity field allow us to quantify the effect of the non-cavity modes and show that the zero-phonon line and the phonon-assisted emission into the cavity mode HE11 is suppressed by positioning dots at the field node., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures
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- 2024
34. Current trends and future perspectives in hadron therapy: radiobiology
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Story, Michael D., Davis, Anthony J., and Sishc, Brock J.
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- 2024
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35. Comparison of the characteristics of the population eligible for lung cancer screening under 2013 and population newly eligible under 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations
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Yell, Nicholas, Eberth, Jan M., Alberg, Anthony J., Hung, Peiyin, Schootman, Mario, McLain, Alexander C., and Munden, Reginald F.
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- 2024
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36. Can neuromuscular differences manifest by early adolescence in males between predominantly endurance and strength sports?
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Tarrit, Baptiste, Garnier, Yoann M., Birat, Anthony, Ruas, Cassio V., Estevam, Ester, Rance, Mélanie, Morel, Claire, Nottin, Stéphane, Mattiello-Sverzut, Ana-Claudia, Nosaka, Kazunori, Blazevich, Anthony J., Pinto, Ronei S., and Ratel, Sébastien
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- 2024
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37. Theoretical explanations and the availability of information for learning via combined action observation and motor imagery: a commentary on Eaves et al. (2022)
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Romano Smith, Stephanie L., Roberts, James W., Miller, Anthony J., and Wakefield, Caroline J.
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- 2024
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38. Methyl-reducing methanogenesis by a thermophilic culture of Korarchaeia
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Krukenberg, Viola, Kohtz, Anthony J., Jay, Zackary J., and Hatzenpichler, Roland
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- 2024
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39. Cultivation and visualization of a methanogen of the phylum Thermoproteota
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Kohtz, Anthony J., Petrosian, Nikolai, Krukenberg, Viola, Jay, Zackary J., Pilhofer, Martin, and Hatzenpichler, Roland
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- 2024
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40. Poor sleep duration and E-cigarette/Cigarette use among US adults with cardiovascular diseases: findings from the 2022 BRFSS cross-sectional study
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Li, Wei, Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Kondracki, Anthony J., Gautam, Prem, Jebai, Rime, Erinoso, Olufemi, and Osibogun, Olatokunbo
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- 2024
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41. Treatment Effect Waning in Immuno-oncology Health Technology Assessments: A Review of Assumptions and Supporting Evidence with Proposals to Guide Modelling
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Taylor, Kurt, Latimer, Nicholas R., Douglas, Thomas, Hatswell, Anthony J., Ho, Sophia, Okorogheye, Gabriel, Borril, John, Chen, Clara, Kim, Inkyu, and Bertwistle, David
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- 2024
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42. A Scottish provenance for the Altar Stone of Stonehenge
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Clarke, Anthony J. I., Kirkland, Christopher L., Bevins, Richard E., Pearce, Nick J. G., Glorie, Stijn, and Ixer, Rob A.
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- 2024
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43. The impact of COVID-19 on Chilean University students: obstacles that impacted their effective online learning
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Zapata, Silvina Maria and Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J.
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- 2024
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44. The Structure of the LysR-type Transcriptional Regulator, CysB, Bound to the Inducer, N-acetylserine
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Verschueren, Koen H. G., Dodson, Eleanor J., and Wilkinson, Anthony J.
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- 2024
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45. Capillary contact points determine beta cell polarity, control secretion and are disrupted in the db/db mouse model of diabetes
- Author
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Jevon, Dillon, Cottle, Louise, Hallahan, Nicole, Harwood, Richard, Samra, Jaswinder S., Gill, Anthony J., Loudovaris, Thomas, Thomas, Helen E., and Thorn, Peter
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Within DRD2, COMT, and DBH and Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review Considering Genetic Differences by Ancestry and Biological Sex
- Author
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Jones, Stephanie K., Wolf, Bethany J., Wallace, Kristin, Froeliger, Brett, Carpenter, Matthew J., and Alberg, Anthony J.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Precursor Epithelial Subtypes of Adenocarcinoma Arising from Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (A-IPMN): Clinicopathological Features, Recurrence and Response to Adjuvant Chemotherapy
- Author
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Lucocq, James, Haugk, Beate, Parkinson, Daniel, Darne, Antony, Joseph, Nejo, Hawkyard, Jake, White, Steve, Mownah, Omar, Menon, Krishna, Furukawa, Takaki, Inoue, Yosuke, Hirose, Yuki, Sasahira, Naoki, Mittal, Anubhav, Samra, Jas, Sheen, Amy, Feretis, Michael, Balakrishnan, Anita, Ceresa, Carlo, Davidson, Brian, Pande, Rupaly, Dasari, Bobby V. M., Tanno, Lulu, Karavias, Dimitrios, Helliwell, Jack, Young, Alistair, Nunes, Quentin, Urbonas, Tomas, Silva, Michael, Gordon-Weeks, Alex, Barrie, Jenifer, Gomez, Dhanny, van Laarhoven, Stijn, Nawara, Hossam, Doyle, Joseph, Bhogal, Ricky, Harrison, Ewen, Roalso, Marcus, Ciprani, Deborah, Aroori, Somaiah, Ratnayake, Bathiya, Koea, Jonathan, Capurso, Gabriele, Bellotti, Ruben, Stättner, Stefan, Alsaoudi, Tareq, Bhardwaj, Neil, Jeffery, Fraser, Connor, Saxon, Cameron, Andrew, Jamieson, Nigel, Roberts, Keith, Soreide, Kjetil, Gill, Anthony J., and Pandanaboyana, Sanjay
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Impact of Chemotherapy Educational Videos for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
- Author
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Gabbard, Taylor, Perissinotti, Anthony J., Benitez, Lydia L., Fraga, Martina, Pettit, Kristen M., Bixby, Dale L., Burke, Patrick W., and Marini, Bernard L.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. LINE-1 retrotransposons contribute to mouse PV interneuron development
- Author
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Bodea, Gabriela O., Botto, Juan M., Ferreiro, Maria E., Sanchez-Luque, Francisco J., de los Rios Barreda, Jose, Rasmussen, Jay, Rahman, Muhammed A., Fenlon, Laura R., Jansz, Natasha, Gubert, Carolina, Gerdes, Patricia, Bodea, Liviu-Gabriel, Ajjikuttira, Prabha, Da Costa Guevara, Darwin J., Cumner, Linda, Bell, Charles C., Kozulin, Peter, Billon, Victor, Morell, Santiago, Kempen, Marie-Jeanne H. C., Love, Chloe J., Saha, Karabi, Palmer, Lucy M., Ewing, Adam D., Jhaveri, Dhanisha J., Richardson, Sandra R., Hannan, Anthony J., and Faulkner, Geoffrey J.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The immune response to RNA suppresses nucleic acid synthesis by limiting ribose 5-phosphate
- Author
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Bhattacharjee, Pushpak, Wang, Die, Anderson, Dovile, Buckler, Joshua N, de Geus, Eveline, Yan, Feng, Polekhina, Galina, Schittenhelm, Ralf, Creek, Darren J, Harris, Lawrence D, and Sadler, Anthony J
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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