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Anthidium (Anthidium) tenuiflorae Cockerell, 1907 Counties: Cook. Comments: This principally western species is only known from a single specimen in Minnesota, collected in 1939. Subgenus Proanthidium Friese, Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569

Anthidium (Anthidium) psoraleae Robertson, 1902 Counties: Anoka, Isanti. Comments: This species is rarely collected in Minnesota., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569, {"references":["Robertson, C. (1902) Some new or little-known bees. - IV. Canadian Entomologist, 34, 321 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / S 0008347 X 0017779 X"]}

Anthidium (Proanthidium) oblongatum (Illiger, 1806) Counties: Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott. Comments: Non-native, first detected in MN in 2013 (Portman et al. 2019). North American specimens fall under subspecies A. oblongatum oblongatum. Genus Ashmeadiella Cockerell Taxonomy: Michener (1939); Mitchell (1962). Subgenus Ashmeadiella Cockerell s. str., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569, {"references":["Portman, Z. M., Burrows, S. J., Arduser, M., Griswold, T., Arduser, M., Irber, A. J., Tonietto, R. K. & Cariveau, D. (2019) First records of the adventive Pseudoanthidium nanum (Mocsary) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Illinois and Minnesota, with notes on its identification and taxonomy. Great Lakes Entomologist, 52, 12 - 20.","Michener, C. D. (1939) A revision of the genus Ashmeadiella. American Midland Naturalist, 22, 1 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2420397","Mitchell, T. B. (1962) Bees of the Eastern United States. Vol. II. North Carolina Agricultural Experimental Station Technical Bulletin, 152, 1 - 557."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Counties: Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey. Comments: Non-native, first detected in MN in 2008 (Portman et al. 2019). Specimens in North America fall under subspecies A. manicatum manicatum., Published as part of Portman, Zachary M., Gardner, Joel, Lane, Ian G., Gerjets, Nicole, Petersen, Jessica D., Ascher, John S., Arduser, Mike, Evans, Elaine C., Boyd, Crystal, Thomson, Robin & Cariveau, Daniel P., 2023, A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Minnesota, pp. 1-95 in Zootaxa 5304 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5304.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8048569, {"references":["Portman, Z. M., Burrows, S. J., Arduser, M., Griswold, T., Arduser, M., Irber, A. J., Tonietto, R. K. & Cariveau, D. (2019) First records of the adventive Pseudoanthidium nanum (Mocsary) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Illinois and Minnesota, with notes on its identification and taxonomy. Great Lakes Entomologist, 52, 12 - 20."]}

The subgenus Anthidium (Gulanthidium) is a species-poor group of similar species, which is distributed across the West Palaearctic, from Morocco in the west to central Asia in the east. Due to some incorrect species determinations in the literature, the taxonomic situation remains to be fully understood. The situation is reviewed with reference to a rich, still unpublished resource of material from throughout the range. Anthidium flavissimum sp. nov. is described from Afghanistan, A. preoccipitale sp. nov. from Iran, and A. occidentale sp. nov. from Morocco, based on a combination of colour, structural traits, genital morphology, and morphometry. The subgenus as treated here now comprises six species for which a key is presented. Some of the species are sympatric. Species of the subgenus Gulanthidium are very close to A. (Proanthidium) and it should be further examined as to whether these two subgenera should be better combined in a single subgenus.

Anthidium punctatum LATREILLE, 1809, Weissfleckige Wollbiene N a c h w e i s e: 2. Bez., Nordbahnhofgelände, N 48°13,6 –13,7′, E 16°23,4′, 165 m SH, F&B-L13, 2.VII.2016, 1♁, ldcHZ; 19. Bez., Sievering, Sieveringer Steinbruch, N 48°15,4 –15,5′, E 16°18,55 – 18,75′, 300–340 m SH, F&B-H08, 3.VII.1999, 1♀, ldcHZ; 20. Bez., Bahngelände bei Aignersteig, N 48°14,9 –15,1′, E 16°22,7′, 163 m SH, F&B-J05, 25.VI.2020, 1♁, ldcHZ; 22. Bez., Süssenbrunn, N 48°16,15′, E 16°30,2′, 158 m SH, F&B-G20, 4.VI.2018, 1♀, lFS, dcHZ., Published as part of Zettel, Herbert, Ockermüller, Esther, Schoder, Sabine & Seyfert, Franz, 2022, Zur Verbreitung der Wildbien en (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Wien, Österreich, pp. 351-396 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (1) on page 362, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7507600

Anthidium turkmenistanicum nov.sp. (Figs 1-4) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: Holotypus. Male, "Turkmenia, Sandikatzi env., 3.-13.v.1993, J. Halada leg." [= Turkmenistan: Sandykgacy, 36°32’N, 62°33’E] (coll. M. Kasparek, ms1906). D i a g n o s i s (male): A typical member of the genus Anthidium, characterized by a combination of the following features: apical margin of the clypeus smooth; longitudinal carina on hind tibia absent; all terga with broad, uninterrupted yellow bands; T7 with a small median tooth and large lateral lobes with straight outer sides; S6 with long lateral spine visible in dorsal habitus view; median projection of S6 with bifurcate apex. D e s c r i p t i o n: Length: 10 mm. – Head: Clypeus yellow, broader than long (length:width = 0.75), apical margin smooth, semi-transparent; punctation of clypeus coarse at base, finer towards apex; impunctate middle line in the anterior two thirds. Mandible yellow, tridentate. Maxillary palpus relatively long, one-segmented (fused segments?); supraclypeal area yellow alongside the epistomal and subantennal sutures; subantennal suture straight; preoccipital ridge sharp-edged; broad yellow preoccipital band enclosing the upper one-fourth of eye; ocelloccipital distance 3.76 ocellar diameters (1.58 times the ocellocular distance). – Legs: Tibiae and basitarsi of fore and mid leg with white pubescence with hairs up to 1.5 antennal diameters long; hind tibia rounded without longitudinal carina; hind basitarsus with white, dense, felt-like pubescence. – Mesosoma: Scutum black with fine, dense punctation; broad yellow antero-lateral boomerang-shaped band; pronotal lobe yellow, carina or lamella absent; scutellum black anteriorly and yellow posteriorly; median emargination at posterior margin. – Metasoma: T1–T6 with broad, uninterrupted yellow bands; punctures small and punctation scattered especially laterally on T1 (punctures up to several their diameters apart); T6 with flat lateral projection; T7 with lateral lobes and a median spine; length of spine about half the length of lateral lobes (as seen from the inner emargination); outer margin of lobes almost straight, lobes with a narrow transparent margin; S1 with a median longitudinal carina; apical margins of S1–S5 straight, sterna covered with long, dense pubescence; S6 with long, lateral spines tapering towards the apex and a median projection with a bifurcated apex (Fig. 4). The lateral spines are more or less round in cross section, but with a carina on the outer side. – Genitalia (Fig. 3). The genitalia correspond to the general structure of Anthidium. The gonocoxit is broad and massive, and fused with the gonostylus at its apical end. The gonostylus is hairy with rather long hairs. Other than in many other species of the subgenus Anthidium, the volsella is relatively large, flat and disc-shaped, and inserted between the gonostylus and the penis valve. The penis valve is slender with a long horn-like apex. The "horns" are much longer than e.g. in A. melanopygum FRIESE, 1917 and A. spiniventre (KASPAREK & FATERYGA, 2022). – Hidden sterna: The hidden sternum S8 is almost rectangular, with slightly raised shoulders. The spiculum is relatively large; its width at base occupies almost one third of the width of the sternum. Shallow emargination at its apex (Fig. 3). D i f f e r e n t i a l d i a g n o s i s (male): One of the most striking traits of the new species are the long lateral spines of S6 which are visible in dorsal habitus view. Similar long spines also have Anthidium caspicum MORAWITZ, 1880; A. flavotarsum WU, 1982; A. gussakovskiji MAVROMOUSTAKIS, 1939; A. sichuanense WU, 1993; A. spiniventre FRIESE, 1899; and A. thomsoni MORAWITZ, 1894 (FRIESE 1898, KASPAREK 2022, NIU et al. 2020). Anthidium caspicum (Turkey to Central Asia) is distinguished by its larger size (15 mm vs. 10 mm in A. turkmenistanicum), widely rounded outer sides of the lobes of T7 (almost straight in A. turkmenistanicum), and reduced yellow tergal bands (interrupted on T1 and often T2, with median wedge on following terga) (all yellow bands uninterrupted in A. turkmenistanicum). The lateral spines of S6 are black, have a triangular crosssection and are tapering towards the apex (Fig. 4). Anthidium flavotarsum (China) is distinguished by the absence of yellow tergal bands (only small yellow maculation on T5) and the presence of long, ochreous pubescence on the terga, particularly on the apical ones (NIU et al. 2020), while A. turkmenistanicum has only short, inconspicuous hairs on the terga. S6 including its lateral spines black (NIU et al. 2020). Anthidium gussakovskiji (Turkey to Central Asia) is distinguished by a conspicuous carina on the hind tibia (absent in A. turkmenistanicum), a minute median tubercle on T7 (small tooth in A. turkmenistanicum), and a long median extension of S6, widened at the apex with convex margin (apex bifurcate in A. turkmenistanicum). The lateral spines of S6 are yellow, have a triangular cross-section with acute edges, and are tapering towards the apex. The apex is brown (Fig. 4). Anthidium sichuanense (China) is distinguished from A. turkmenistanicum by the absence of yellow bands on the terga (only small yellow spots on apical terga) and the presence of long ochreous hairs on the terga (NIU et al. 2020) (only inconspicuous hairs on the terga in A. turkmenistanicum). The lateral spines of S6 are shorter and less pointed as in A. turkmenistanicum (see photograph in NIU et al. 2020). Anthidium spiniventre (sensu A. spiniventre spiniventre; see KASPAREK & FATERYGA 2022). (Turkey to Central Asia) is distinguished by a truncate median protrusion of S6 (protruding with a bifurcate apex in A. turkmenistanicum), an interrupted yellow band on T1 (uninterrupted in A. turkmenistanicum), a crenulate apical margin of the clypeus (smooth in A. turkmenistanicum) and the presence of a conspicuous carina on the outer face of the hind tibia (absent in A. turkmenistanicum). Anthidium thomsoni (Central Asia) is distinguished by the shape of the lateral lobes of T7 which are spiniform and pointed rather than lobiform and obtuse as in A. turkmenistanicum (MORAWITZ 1894; see Figure in FRIESE 1898). The lateral spines of S6 are thin and pointed (stronger and less pointed in A. turkmenistanicum). D e r i v a t i o n o m i n i s: Named after the country Turkmenistan, in which the type location is situated., Published as part of Kasparek, Max, 2022, A new species of Anthidium bee with an armed sternum from Turkmenistan (Apoidea, Anthidiini), pp. 195-201 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 54 (1) on pages 196-198, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7507358, {"references":["MORAWITZ F. F. (1894): Beitrag zur Bienenfauna Turkmeniens. - Hor. Soc. E ntomol. Ross. (Trudy Russ. entomolog. obshch.) 29: 1 - 76.","FRIESE H. (1898): Die Bienen Europa's (Apidae europaeae) nach ihren Gattungen, Arten und Varietaten auf vergleichend morphologisch-biologischer Grundlage. Theil IV: Solitare Apiden: Genus Eriades. Genus Trachusa. Genus Anthidium. - Innsbruck: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt.","NIU Z. - Q., YUAN F., ASCHER J. S., KASPAREK M., ORR M. C., GRISWOLD T. & C. - D. ZHU (2020): Bees of the genus Anthidium FABRICIUS, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini) from China. - Zootaxa 4867: 1 - 67."]}

The carder bee genus Pseudoanthidium Friese, 1898, is revised from China. Eight species are confirmed to occur in China, including three new species: Pseudoanthidium (Pseudoanthidium) yanruae Niu & Zhu, sp. nov., P. (P.) kunesense Niu & Zhu, sp. nov., P. (P.) chenggongense Niu & Zhu, sp. nov. There is also one new generic assignment and synonymy: Anthidium kryzhanovskii Wu, 1962 is a junior synonym of P. (P.) orientale (Bingham, 1897). Pseudoanthidium (P.) campulodonta (Wu, 1990) is synonymized with P. (P.) tenellum (Mocsáry, 1880). Here we provide descriptions for the three new species and an illustrated key to the known Chinese Pseudoanthidium.

There is little understanding of the role of exotic bees in the observed pollinator decline. Recent models of species invasions predict that aggressive species have more impact; applying this theory to pollinators suggests that aggressive territorial Anthidium (Megachilidae) bees, whose range is expanding globally, could have high impacts on native bees. We examined exploitation and interference competition for floral resources between Anthidium and native bees in unmanaged urban meadows in Montreal, Canada. First, we conducted a survey of floral visits by Anthidium and native bee genera. We found high niche overlap with Megachile (Megachilidae), one of the most common genera of native pollinators in the area, suggesting high potential for exploitation competition. Second, we tested for interference competition between Anthidium and Megachile with behavioural observations of foraging on a common introduced host plant (Lotus corniculatus, Fabaceae). This presence of Anthidium decreased patch residence and number of floral visits by Megachile bees, suggesting that Anthidium has a significant per capita effect on foraging behavior of Megachile.

A hitherto unknown species of Anthidium, Anthidium atlaskabirense n. sp., is described from southern Morocco and new material is presented of the little-known species Anthidium berbericum Pasteels,...

Data on 34 species of anthidiine bees collected in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan are reported. Sixteen species are new to Azerbaijan as a whole, and six other species are new to Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. A total of 46 species of Anthidiini are currently known from Azerbaijan, 41 of them are known from Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. This is distinctly less in comparison with the adjacent faunas of Turkey (93 species) and Iran (75) but more than the understudied faunas of Georgia (16) and Armenia (17). It is assumed that the number of Anthidiini species in Azerbaijan may be at least by one-third larger than the figure given herein. Two new synonymies are proposed: Anthidium gussakovskiji Mavromoustakis, 1939 = A. akanthurum Nadimi et Talebi, 2014, syn. n., and A. wuestneii Mocsary, 1887 = A. bischoffi dzhachrumicum Popov, 1967, syn. n.Anthidium punctatum Latreille, 1809 is also reported for the first time from Georgia and A. wuestneii is reported for the first time from Armenia.

International audience; Bees (Apoidea) are the main pollinator group in Mediterranean ecosystems, having a dominant role as connectors of modules (groups of species tightly linked in pollination networks), but little is known about the role of particular species. Here, we analyse data from four Iberian networks, and we pay special attention to the role played by the solitary snail-shell bee Rhodanthidium sticticum (Fabricius, 1787) in shaping network modularity. Our results show that R. sticticum is a pollination generalist that acts as an important connector of modules, strongly influencing the topology of its networks. We also examined 51 networks from all over the world to determine the modular role of other Anthidiini species. Anthidiini were present in 14 of these networks and another Rhodanthidium species, but also two Anthidium species, played a role as connectors in their respective networks.

International audience; We studied the realized niche of two distant allopatric wool-carder bee populations (bee-plant interaction and reproductive biology in weather variability). In one population, we analyzed the direct and indirect effects of weather on bee-resource interactions. The two populations shared several niche characteristics but showed some differences. Anthidium vigintipunctatum is a specialist species, with plasticity to extend the individual niche pushed by resources availability and weather variability. In both regions, the bee’s response to weather condition was similar (nesting rates and the reproductive success). Causal analysis indicated climate directly determines bee’s reproductive success, and indirect resource availability effects are subtle. The immediate response to environmental conditions warms about A. vigintipunctatum sensitivity to expected changes in the regional climate which could be a negative pressure on bees’ survival.

Anthidium astilleroi The type series of A. astilleroi includes 11 females described from Morocco. No males were described. The authors describe A. astilleroi as similar to both ‘ lituratum ’ (= P.nanum) and ‘ ferrugineum ’ [= Icteranthidium ferrugineum (Fabricius, 1787)] based on the colour of the metasoma yet different from ‘ ferrugineum ’ in the shape of the scutellum. They conclude that A. astilleroi is more similar to A. lituratum but also mention that there are no two identical specimens in the series but rather a series of ‘modifications’. The type material should thus be carefully examined to determine to which taxon the name should be applied, as well as to verify that the type series does not include multiple taxa. We include this taxon here in the discussion because it was synonymized with P. stigmaticorne by Warncke (1980) but we have not examined the type series., Published as part of Litman, Jessica R., Fateryga, Alexander V., Griswold, Terry L., Aubert, Matthieu, Proshchalykin, Maxim Yu., Divelec, Romain Le, Burrows, Skyler & Praz, Christophe J., 2022, Paraphyly and low levels of genetic divergence in morphologically distinct taxa: revision of the Pseudoanthidium scapulare complex of carder bees (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini), pp. 1287-1337 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 on page 1311, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab062, http://zenodo.org/record/5817276, {"references":["Warncke K. 1980. Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna 1: 119 - 210."]}

Anthidium preoccipitale sp. nov. (Fig. 8D, 9C, 9F, 10, 14) Type material. Holotype (male). “Surabad / Typus / Turkestan 189 / Anthidium anguliventre F. Mor. / http://coll. mfn-berlin.de/u” (ZMB). Note: Surabad is not located in Turkmenistan as indicated on the label and by Friese (1898), but in Iran as found out by Baker (1998) based on the travel itinerary of the collector, D. K. Glasonov [Glazunov]. Coordinates: 35° 43°N, 61°05’E. Genitalia are dissected (by F. Friese?) and available, but their preservation status does not allow examination of the relevant traits. Diagnosis. The most similar species is A. rotundum with which the male shares particularly the median furrow on S6. However, it is distinguished from that species and all other members of the subgenus by a strong lamella on the preoccipital ridge. Punctation on tergal discs more scattered than in A. rotundum. T2 laterally rounded (lateral tooth present in A. rotundum). Description. Male. 10 mm. Head: Clypeus flat, anterior margin straight, posterior margin shallowly emarginate; apical margin brown, smooth; median third of clypeus almost impunctate; mandible yellow with three strong teeth; supraclypeal and lower paraocular area yellow, upper paraocular area with yellow band along inner orbit of eye and confluent with yellow maculation on vertex; vertex with broad ochreous to yellow transverse band, confluent with yellow gena; strong lamella (approx. 0.13 mm high) extending to height of middle of eye; antenna ochreous; underside of scape yellow.— Mesosoma: Scutum black, densely punctated; broad L-shaped anterolateral yellow band; remnants of a thin yellow longitudinal line next to the middle; scutellum and axillae yellow, scutellum with some black colouration anteriorly and with median emargination; axilla slightly protruding laterally; propodeal triangle rugulose, coarser at base than apically; upper half of mesepisternum yellow, lower half black; pronotal lobe lamellate.— Metasoma: Tergal discs punctate, with distance between punctures up to 1–2 puncture diameter; depressions T1–T6 chestnut-brown; T3–T6 each with a lateral tooth, small in T3 and becoming larger towards T6; teeth flat with transparent lamella-like margin; disc of T6 bulging on each side of the middle; T7 semicircular with transparent margin (Figs 8D, 9C); S6 semicircular with median furrow and lateral depression (Fig. 9F).— Legs: Yellow, inner faces black or dark brown; hind basitarsus with longitudinal carina. Morphometry. Some measurements of the male holotype of A. preoccipitale were compared with a series (N=14) of males A. rotundum (see under “material examined” there): the ocellocular distance, the hind ocellus-vertex distance, the distance between the posterior ocelli, and the distance between anterior and posterior ocelli. None of these measurements alone was strong enough to distinguish A. preoccipitale from A. rotundum. However, the combination of these five parameters showed in a Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) that the discriminant score of A. preoccipitale is higher than in A. rotundum (Fig. 15), and this may be understood as further indication for the distinctiveness of A. preoccipitale. Derivatio nominis. The name refers to the preoccipital ridge which bears a distinct lamella. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality, situated in north-eastern Iran (Fig. 12). Remarks. The holotype of A. preoccipitale male was provided to H. Friese together with a female Anthidium from the same location, and both specimens were regarded by him as paratypes of A. anguliventre. As the collection date and other details are not available, it cannot be said whether these two specimens were actually collected together. The identity of the female as A. anguliventre was confirmed here by a flat clypeus with a medially wide impunctate middle area, the punctation of T5 reaching the posterior margin, the laterally rounded T1–T2, and the presence of blunt teeth on T3–T5. In a Discriminant Function Analysis of six morphometric parameters of the clypeus, the female specimen also clearly clustered with A. anguliventre. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that this female is the unknown female of A. preoccipitale which would then be indistinguishable from A. anguliventre on the basis of external characters., Published as part of Kasparek, Max, 2021, Revision and description of three new species of the Palaearctic subgenus Gulanthidium of the wool carder bee genus Anthidium (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini), pp. 482-506 in Zootaxa 5040 (4) on pages 499-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5531631, {"references":["Friese, H. (1898) Die Bienen Europa ' s (Apidae europaeae) nach ihren Gattungen, Arten und Varietaten auf vergleichend morphologisch-biologischer Grundlage. Theil IV. Solitare Apiden: Genus Eriades. Genus Trachusa. Genus Anthidium. R. Friedla ¨ nder, Berlin, 303 pp.","Baker, D. B. (1998) Taxonomic and phylogenetic problems in Old World eucerine bees, with special reference to the genus Tarsalia Morawitz, 1895 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophoridae). Journal of Natural History, 32, 823 - 860. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939800770441"]}

New data on the distribution of 37 species are reported. Eleven species are new to Russia: Lithurgus tibialis Morawitz, 1875, Anthidium spiniventre Friese, 1899, Icteranthidium ferrugineum (Fabricius, 1787), Hoplitis carinata (Stanek, 1969), Coelioxys acanthura (Illiger, 1806), C. decipiens (Spinola, 1838), Megachile albonotata Radoszkowski, 1886, M. pyrenaica (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1841), M. burdigalensis Benoist, 1940, M. flavipes Spinola, 1838, and M. tecta Radoszkowski, 1888. Twenty species are new to the North Caucasus, five species are new to the south of the European part of Russia, and one species, Megachile leucomalla Gerstacker, 1869, is new to the North Caucasus and south of the European part of Russia; the latter species is also reported for the first time from Iran. Hoplitis ravouxi (Perez, 1902) is excluded from the list of the Russian fauna. A nest of H. carinata is described for the first time.

Anthidium (Anthidium) christianseni Mavromoustakis, 1956 Distribution: EAST MEDITERRANEAN: Levant and Iran (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Local distribution fig. 14.3 Literature. Mavromoustakis (1956): Locus typicus. Mount Lebanon, Barouk Cedars, 1600 m, 14���16.VI.1953, 1♀, det. Mavromoustakis G.A., leg. Christiansen K; N. Lebanon, Cedars near Bcharre, 1900 m, 3���6.VI.1931, 2♀, det. Mavromoustakis G.A., leg. Zerny H. Mavromoustakis (1963): N. Lebanon, Near Becharre [Bcharre], 20.VI.1960, 1♀; 27.VI.1960, 1♀; 3.VII.1960, 3♀; Kadisha river, 21.VI.1960, 1♂; 26.VI.1960, 2♂; Cedars, 4.VII.1960, 2♂; 30.VI.1960, 2♀, 4♂; 6.VII.1960, 1♀; 29.VI.1960, 2♂, leg. & det. Mavromoustakis G.A. Records mentioned again in Mavromoustakis (1968) and listing occurrences in Iran. Material examined. Bekaa: Passage Akoura-Hadath, 1820 m, 7. VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Ghisbain G., coll. UMONS. N. Lebanon: Harissa, Al Jawar, 1765 m, 28.VI.2017, 2♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; 1738 m, 18.VII.2017, 1♀, det. Litman J. leg. Boustani M.; 1765 m, 18.VII.2017, 2♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Hadath El Jebbeh, Road to Wadi Al Fouar, 1553, 28.VI.2018, 1♀, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1736 m, 5.VII.2018, 1♀, 2♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Bcharre, Forest of the Cedars of God, 1933 m, 21.VII.2018, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1736 m, 18.VIII.2018, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J.; Arz Tannourine, Trail 1, 1762 m, 29.VI.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1758 m, 30.VI.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M.; Arz Bcharre, Reforestation area, 2216, 2.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M.; Arz Tannourine, Main Gate, 1794 m, 4.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., all coll. MBOU; Bcharre, 1758 m, 24.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1758 m, 25.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. Flower records. Asteraceae: Echinops viscosus; Fabaceae: Lotus sp., Ononis spinosa; Lamiaceae: Phlomis cf brachyodon, Salvia microstegia, Stachys cretica, Stachys distans, Stachys ehrenbergii. Mavromoustakis (1963) recorded specimens from Lebanon on Lamiaceae as well, visiting Teucrium divaricatum var. graecum., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1956) On the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 9 (107), 853 - 862. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935608655905","Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1963) On the bees of (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part III. Annals and Magazines of Natural History, Series 13, 5 (59), 647 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936208651300","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1968) Missione Giordani Soika in Iran 1965 II. New and little known bees of the family Megachilidae. Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia, 18, 125 - 149."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) gussakovskiji Mavromoustakis, 1939 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Material examined. Bekaa: Blaika, 1223 m, 3.VII.2019, 1♀, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., coll; MBOU; Blaika, 1325 m, 3.VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Geki��re A., coll. UMONS. Flower record. Asteraceae: Centaurea cf pallescens., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) spiniventre Friese, 1899 * Distribution: PALAEARCTIC: Scattered between Greece and Turkmenistan, Levant (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Notes. Mentioned by Warncke (1980) and Grace (2010) from Lebanon with no date or locality. Material examined. N. Lebanon: Arz Tannourine, Tannourine Forest Reserve Outskirts, 1792 m, 13. VII.2017, 1♀, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Friese, H. (1899) Neue palaearktische Sammelbienen. Entomologische Nachrichten Berlin, 25, 321 - 346.","Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Warncke, K. (1980) Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna, Linz, 1 (10), 119 - 209","Grace, A. (2010) Introductory biogeography to bees of the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East. Bexhill Museum Association, Bexhill, 283 pp."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) loti Perris, 1852 Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Southern and Eastern Europe, and further east to Kazakhstan, Syria, Israel (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Local distribution fig. 14.4 Literature. Mavromoustakis (1955): Listed under Anthidium variegatum var meridionale Giraud, 1863. Mount Lebanon, Brumana [Broumana], 26.V.1953, 1♀, det. & leg. Mavromoustakis G.A. Material examined. Bekaa: Anjar, Army Barracks, 967 m, 23. VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA. Mount Lebanon: Maaser Al Chouf, Panoramic Trail, 1764 m, 6.VIII.2018, 1♀, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; Maaser Al Chouf, Al Shouf Cedar Reserve, 1764 m, 6.VIII.2018, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA. N. Lebanon: Arz Tannourine, 1784 m, 18.VI.2016, 1♀, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Fehta, El Biara, 1632 m, 18.VII.2018, 1♀, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Arz Bcharre, Forest Limit, 1873 m, 2.VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., all coll. MBOU; Hadath El Jebbe, Border of the Cedar Forest, 1632 m, 6.VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA. Flower records. Lamiaceae: Sideritis libanotica linearis, Sideritis perfoliata, Stachys cretica., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1955) On the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 8 (89), 326 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935508655648"]}

Anthidium (Proanthidium) undulatum Dours, 1873 Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Northern and eastern Mediterranean and east to Iran, Algeria (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Local distribution fig. 14.6 Literature. P��rez (1911): Mount Lebanon, Beit Meri, 14.VI.1908, det. P��rez J., leg. Gadeau de Kerveille H. Warncke (1980) assigned the material from Lebanon to the subspecies holozonicum (Mavromoustakis, 1939). Material examined. Bekaa: Hadath, 1441 m, 7.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M.; Jord Aarsal, 1975 m, 11.VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M.; Anjar, Guest house, 973 m, 23.VII.2019, 1♀, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., all coll. MBOU; 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA. N. Lebanon: Arz Tannourine, 1800 m, 25.VI.2006, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Nemer N., coll. TCFNR; Tannourine El Tahta, Wadi Ain Al Raha, 1187 m, 29.VI.2017, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1765 m, 28.VI.2017, 1♀, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1765 m, 18.VII.2017, 1♀, 3♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1736 m, 11.VII.2018, 3♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M.; Harissa, Al Jawar, 1736 m, 18.VII.2018, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J.; Hadath El Jebbeh, Road to Wadi Al Fouar, 1553 m, 22.VIII.2018, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., Jabbour J.; Arz Tannourine, Trail 4, 1781 m, 27.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M, leg. Boustani M.; Tannourine El Tahta, Mar Boutrous, 1207 m, 27.VI.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., all coll. MBOU; 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., coll. XVA. S. Lebanon: Saidoun, El Mrouj, 15.VI.2017, 1♀, det. Litman J., leg. Baghdadi A., coll. SOILS. Flower records. Fabaceae: Ononis natrix, O. spinosa; Lamiaceae: Lavandula x intermedia, Stachys distans. M��ller (1996) reports a strong preference for Leguminosae for this polylectic species that we also observe here., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Perez, J. (1911) Especes nouvelles de melliferes recueillies en Syrie par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville en 1908 et decrites par J. Perez (supplement). Bulletin de la Societe des Amis de Sciences Naturelles de Rouen, 47, 77 - 85.","Warncke, K. (1980) Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna, Linz, 1 (10), 119 - 209","Muller, A. (1996) Convergent evolution of morphological specializations in Central European bee and honey wasp species as an adaptation to the uptake of pollen from nototribic flowers (Hymenoptera, Apoidea and Masaridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 57, 235 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / bijl. 1996.0013"]}

Anthidium (Gulanthidium) rotundum (Warncke, 1980) Distribution: EAST MEDITERRANEAN: Turkey, Iran, Syria, Lebanon (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Species described by Warncke (1980) from Iran, with paratypes from the Mavromoustakis material collected in Lebanon. According to Warncke the taxon is incorrectly assigned to A. anguliventre by Mavromoustakis and Pasteels. Literature. Mavromoustakis (1963): The records listed under Anthidium anguliventre Morawitz, 1888 refer to this species (see under Warncke 1980). Warncke (1980): N. Lebanon, Bcharre, 1.VII.1960, 1♀, 1♂; 27.VI.1960, 1♀; 2.VII.1960, 4♀; 3.VII.1960, 3♂; Kadisha, 21.VI.1960, 1♀; 27.VI.1960, 1♂; 22.VI.1960, 1♀; leg. Mavromoustakis G.A., det. Warncke K. Material examined. Mount Lebanon: Barouk, Shouf Biosphere Reserve, 1692 m, 2. VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X.; 1382 m, 3. VII.2019, 1♀, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X.; 1716 m, 4. VII.2019, 2♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X.; Laqlouq, 1660 m, 6. VIII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., all coll. XVA. Flower record. Asteraceae: Centaurea sp., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Warncke, K. (1980) Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna, Linz, 1 (10), 119 - 209","Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1963) On the bees of (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part III. Annals and Magazines of Natural History, Series 13, 5 (59), 647 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936208651300"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) tesselatum Klug, 1832 Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Northern Africa, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey, Iran (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Literature. Mentioned from Lebanon by Warncke (1980) with no locality or date. The presence of this species cannot be confirmed until recently collected material from this taxon has been found. Genus Icteranthidium Michener, 1948, Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018

Anthidium (Proanthidium) undulatiforme Friese, 1917 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Scattered records around the Mediterranean (Ascher & Pickering 2021) Material examined. Mount Lebanon: Laqlouq, 1752 m, 30.VI.2019, 3♀, 1♂, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; 2♀, 2♂, leg. Ghisbain G., coll. UMONS; 2♀, 3♂, all det. Kasparek M. N. Lebanon: Jord Tannourine, 2166 m, 30.VI.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Geki��re A. Flower records. Lamiaceae: Phlomis rigida., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) syriacum P��rez, 1912 Distribution: LEVANT (Warncke 1980). Described as Anthidium syriacum by P��rez (1912), accepted as subspecies of A. dalmaticum (as A. dalmaticum syriacum) by Mavromoustakis (1939) and Warncke (1980) and re-elevated to species rank by Pasteels (1981). Literature. Subspecies A. dalmaticum syriacum described by P��rez (1911), from Mount Lebanon, Broumana, 16.VI.1908, 1♂, leg. Gadeau de Kerveille H. (type locality). Mavroumoustakis (1955): Listed under Anthidium (Anthidium) dalmaticum Mocs��ry, 1884 syriacum P��rez, 1911: Mount Lebanon, Brumana [Broumana], 23.V.1953, 4♀, 1♂; Ein el Arar (near Baabdate), 23.V.1953, 3♀, 1♂; 24.V.1953, 4♀, 2♂; Nahr el Kelb, 12.V.1953 1♀, 1 M; 27.V.1953, 1♀; all det. & leg. Mavromoustakis G.A. Material examined. Bekaa: Passage Akoura-Hadath, 1820 m, 7. VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Ghisbain G., coll. UMONS. Flower records. Lamiaceae: Teucrium orientale., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Warncke, K. (1980) Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna, Linz, 1 (10), 119 - 209","Pasteels, J. J. (1981) Notes sur des Megachilidae (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) D'Arabie et des regions desertiques limitrophes. 3. Quatre nouvelles especes d'Anthidiinae. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie, 117, 255 - 261.","Perez, J. (1911) Especes nouvelles de melliferes recueillies en Syrie par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville en 1908 et decrites par J. Perez (supplement). Bulletin de la Societe des Amis de Sciences Naturelles de Rouen, 47, 77 - 85."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum L.1758 (fig 19.5���6) Distribution: PALAEARCTIC (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Local distribution fig. 14.5 Literature. Mavromoustakis (1956): Mount Lebanon, Brumana [Broumana], 26.V.1953, 1♀, det. & leg. Mavromoustakis G.A. Material examined. Common and probably widespread, abundant when present. Mount Lebanon: Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve, Qehmez Gate, 1401 m, 21.VIII.2018, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., Nemer N., coll. MBOU. Additional 3♀ and 8♂ from 8 records, collected between 21.VIII.2018 and 6.VII.2019, Jabal Moussa, Laqlouq, Akoura and Maaser Al Chouf. N. Lebanon: Qanat, Qornet Dammouaa, 1231 m, 31.V.2017, 1♀, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Rasmont P. Additional 51♀ and 47♂ collected between 21.VI.2017 and 23.VIII.2019, from Tannourine El Tahta, Arz Tannourine, Harissa, Hadath El Jebbe, Fehta, and Bcharre. Flower records. Apiaceae: Eryngium glomeratum; Asteraceae: Carlina curetum orientalis; Fabaceae: Ononis natrix, O. spinosa; Lamiaceae: Marrubium libanoticum, Phlomis rigida, Salvia microstegia, Scutellaria brevibracteata, Sideritis libanotica ssp. linearis, Sideritis perfoliata, Stachys cretica, S. distans. Reported to be polylectic with a preference for Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Scrophulariaceae by M��ller (1996), the preference first two being also apparent in our observations. Mavromoustakis (1956) also reports observations on Phlomis viscosa from Lebanon., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1956) On the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 9 (107), 853 - 862. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935608655905","Muller, A. (1996) Convergent evolution of morphological specializations in Central European bee and honey wasp species as an adaptation to the uptake of pollen from nototribic flowers (Hymenoptera, Apoidea and Masaridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 57, 235 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / bijl. 1996.0013"]}

Anthidium (Proanthidium) trispinosum Friese, 1917 * (fig. 20.1) Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Scattered records in Turkey, Azerbaijan and Iran (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Material examined. Bekaa: Ainata, 1556 m, 30.V.2017, 4♂, det. Litman J., leg. Rasmont P., coll. PRAS. Flower record. Fabaceae: Astragalus cruentiflorus., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Anthidium (Proanthidium) venustum Morawitz, 1877 = Anthidium morawitzi Dalla Torre, 1896 Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Scattered records, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Iran (Ascher & Pickering 2021) Literature. P��rez (1911): Mount Lebanon, Broumana, 11.VI.1908, ♀, det. P��rez J, leg. Gadeau de Kerveille H., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Perez, J. (1911) Especes nouvelles de melliferes recueillies en Syrie par M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville en 1908 et decrites par J. Perez (supplement). Bulletin de la Societe des Amis de Sciences Naturelles de Rouen, 47, 77 - 85."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) diadema Latreille, 1809 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Mediterranean basin, mainly North Western Mediterranean and stretching East to Kyrgyzstan (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Material examined. Mount Lebanon: Akoura, Mejdel Akoura, 1823 m, 28. VII.2018, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. N. Lebanon: Hadath El Jebbe, 1704 m, 30.VI.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. Flower records. Asteraceae: Centaurea pallescens; Lamiaceae: Stachys cretica., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum (Fabricius, 1775) Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Literature. Klug (1832): Listed under Anthidium subspinosum from ��� Syria ���, June. This material collected by Ehrenberg and Hemprich is in current Lebanese territory (Baker 1997). Mavromoustakis (1963): Listed under Anthidium florentinum subspinosum Klug, 1832 Reported as common near Bcharre and Kadisha River, no details given on date. Material examined. Bekaa: Anjar, Guest house, 973 m, 23. VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. N. Lebanon: Tannourine El Fawka, Salon de l�����glise, 1244 m, 4.VII.2019, 2♀, leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU; 1♀, 1♂, leg. Geki��re A.; 1♂, leg. Ghisbain G., all coll. UMONS. Flower records. Lamiaceae: Lavandula x intermedia, Salvia cf hierosolymitana; Rosaceae: Rubus sanctus. Recorded flower visit from Lebanon by Mavromoustakis (1963) on Rubus ulmifolius anatolicus, and seems to have this preference for Rubus in Cyprus (Mavromoustakis 1952) as well., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)","Baker, D. B. (1997) C. G. Ehrenberg and W. F. Hemprich's Travels, 1820 - 1825, and the Insecta of the Symbolae Physicae. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 44, 165 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 19970440208","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1963) On the bees of (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Lebanon - Part III. Annals and Magazines of Natural History, Series 13, 5 (59), 647 - 655. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936208651300","Mavromoustakis, G. A. (1952) On the bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) of Cyprus - Part III., Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 5 (57), 814 - 843. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935208654357"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) taeniatum Latreille, 1809 * Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Scattered between Morocco and Turkmenistan, Levant (Ascher & Pickering 2021). Material examined. Mount Lebanon: Barouk, Shouf Biosphere Reserve, 1690 m, 4.VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X.; Laqlouq, Matoube LMT trail, 1699 m, 6.VII.2019, 1♀, det. Kasparek M., leg. Van Achter X., all coll. XVA; Laqlouq, Matoube, 1751 m, 6.VII.2019, 1♂, det; Kasparek M., leg. Boustani M., coll. MBOU. N. Lebanon: Hadath El Jebbe, 1704 m, 5. VII.2019, 1♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Ghisbain G.; Arz Tannourine, Gate area, 1754 m, 6. VII.2019, 2♂, det. Kasparek M., leg. Geki��re A., all coll. UMONS. Flower records. Fabaceae: Medicago sp.; Lamiaceae: Stachys cretica., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Ascher, J. S. & Pickering, J. (2021) Discover life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Available from: http: // www. discoverlife. org / mp / 20 q? guide = Apoidea _ species (accessed 10 September 2020)"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) wuestneii Mocs��ry, 1887 Distribution: WEST PALAEARCTIC: Lebanon (listed as Syria, locality in current Lebanese territory), Greece, Armenia, China (Warncke 1980). Local distribution fig. 14.7 Literature. Mentioned from Lebanon, Bcharre, by Warncke (1980). Material examined. All the specimens came from the AUB collection and mostly have no collector name. Labels unreadable, 3♂, 1♀, det. Litman J. Bekaa: AUB Farm [Haush Sneid], 2.VI.1962, 1♂, det. Litman J., leg. Rafi Z Mount Lebanon: Salima, 21.VI.1973, 1♂; Sawfar, 21.VI.1973, 3♂, 4♀; Arz El Barouk, 18.VI.1975, 4♂; Baalchmay, 3.VII.1975, 1♀, 2♂; Qornael, 7.VII.1975, 1♂, all det. Litman J. S. Lebanon: Darhouna, 17.VI.1975, 3♂, det. Litman J. Genus Eoanthidium Popov, 1950 Three species., Published as part of Boustani, Mira, Rasmont, Pierre, Dathe, Holger H., Ghisbain, Guillaume, Kasparek, Max, Michez, Denis, M��ller, Andreas, Pauly, Alain, Risch, Stefan, Straka, Jakub, Terzo, Michael, Achter, Xavier Van, Wood, Thomas J. & Nemer, Nabil, 2021, The bees of Lebanon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-146 in Zootaxa 4976 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4976.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4819018, {"references":["Warncke, K. (1980) Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpalaarktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna, Linz, 1 (10), 119 - 209"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) manicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Global distribution: Palearctic; Nearctic; Neo-Tropical Regional distribution: Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima; Oriental; Fès-Meknès; Marrakech-Safi References: Nadig & Nadig (1933); Benoist (1950b), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281, {"references":["Nadig, A. & Nadig, A. J. (1933) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hymenopterenfauna von Marokko und Westalgerien-Erster Teil: Apidae, Sphegidae, Vespidae. Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubundens, 71, 37 - 107."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) diadema Latreille, 1809 Global distribution: Palearctic Regional distribution: Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima; Fès-Meknès; Marrakech-Safi; Souss-Massa References: Dusmet y Alonso (1915); Nadig & Nadig (1933); Benoist (1950b ), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281, {"references":["Nadig, A. & Nadig, A. J. (1933) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hymenopterenfauna von Marokko und Westalgerien-Erster Teil: Apidae, Sphegidae, Vespidae. Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Graubundens, 71, 37 - 107."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) florentinum (Fabricius, 1775) Global distribution: Palearctic Regional distribution: Unknown References: Warncke (1980b), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281, {"references":["Warncke, K. (1980 b) Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpala ¨ arktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna, 1, 119 - 210"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) cingulatum Latreille, 1809 Global distribution: Palearctic Regional distribution: Fès-Meknès; Rabat-Salé-Kénitra; Marrakech-Safi; Drâa-Tafilalet; Souss-Massa References: Dusmet y Alonso (1915); Alfken (1930); Cockerell (1931a); Benoist (1943; 1950b); Pagliano (1994); Le Goff (unpublished), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281, {"references":["Pagliano, G. (1994) Catalogo degli Imenotteri Italiani. IV. (Apoidea: Colletidae, Andrenidae, Megachilidae, Anthophoridae, Apidae). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 72, 331 - 467."]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) auritum Klug, 1832 Global distribution: West-Palearctic Regional distribution: Marrakech-Safi; Drâa-Tafilalet; Souss-Massa; Guelmim-Oued Noun References: Dusmet y Alonso (1915); Schulthess (1924); Le Goff (unpublished), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281, {"references":["Schulthess, A. (1924) Contribution a la connaissance da la faune des Hymenopteres de l'Afrique du Nord. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord, 15, 293 - 320."]}

Anthidium (Proanthidium) pulchellum Klug, 1832 Anthidium asniense Cockerell, 1931: 210 —ϐ (USNM), Type unknown, Asni (Morocco) Global distribution: West-Palearctic Regional distribution: Drâa-Tafilalet; Souss-Massa; Guelmim-Oued Noun; Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra References: Cockerell (1931d); Benoist (1950a;b), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281

Anthidium (Gulanthidium) eremicum Alfken, 1938 Global distribution: Palearctic Regional distribution: Oriental; Souss-Massa References: None (Halada, unpublished), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281

Anthidium (Anthidium) taeniatum Latreille, 1809 Global distribution: Palearctic Regional distribution: Fès-Meknès; Marrakech-Safi; Béni Mellal-Khénifra; Souss-Massa References: Dusmet y Alonso (1915); Benoist (1950b), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281

Anthidium (Anthidium) pullatum Morice, 1916 Global distribution: Near endemic (Morocco, Algeria) Regional distribution: Drâa-Tafilalet; Souss-Massa References: Pasteels (1981); Warncke (1980b); Zanden (1996a), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281, {"references":["Pasteels, J. J. (1981) Trois especes d'Anthidiinae, nouvelles ou peu connues, du Maroc. Bulletins et Annales de la Societe Royale de belgique, 117, 29 - 36.","Warncke, K. (1980 b) Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpala ¨ arktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna, 1, 119 - 210","Zanden, G. van der (1996 a) Neue Verbreitungsangaben zu einigen wenig bekannten palaarktischen Bienen-Arten (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Linzer biologische Beitrage, 28, 387 - 390."]}

Anthidium (Proanthidium) oblongatum (Illiger, 1806) Anthidium oblongatum berberum Warncke, 1980: 189 —ϐ ♀ (MNCN), Syntypes, Amizmiz, Tizgui (Morocco) Anthidium oblongatum var. luteum Dusmet y Alonso, 1915: 296 —ϐ ♀ (MNCN), Syntypes, Amiszmiz, Tizgui (Morocco) Global distribution: Palearctic Regional distribution: Fès-Meknès; Marrakech-Safi; Souss-Massa References: Dusmet y Alonso (1915); Benoist (1950b); Warncke (1980b), Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281, {"references":["Warncke, K. (1980 b) Die Bienengattung Anthidium Fabricius, 1804 in der Westpala ¨ arktis und im turkestanischen Becken. Entomofauna, 1, 119 - 210"]}

Anthidium (Anthidium) tesselatum Klug, 1832 Anthidium tesselatum var. Zebra Benoist, 1950: 47— ♀ (MNHN), Type unknown, Alnif (Morocco) Global distribution: Palearctic; Sub-Saharan Africa Regional distribution: Drâa-Tafilalet References: Benoist (1950a) Genus Chelostoma Latreille, 1809, Published as part of Lhomme, Patrick, 2020, The wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Morocco, pp. 1-159 in Zootaxa 4892 (1) on pages 88-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4892.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4309281