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En el contexto del proceso constituyente chileno, el presente artículo se propone analizar los discursos de la Fundación Nueva Mente, la cual es entendida como un think tank de extrema derecha. El objetivo general de este trabajo es comprender cómo se articulan sus discursos respecto del estallido social en el proceso constituyente chileno en la plataforma YouTube. En base a lo anterior, los objetivos específicos son identificar el régimen de verdad percibido por la fundación que les conmina a pasar al mainstream y caracterizar los discursos empleados en YouTube durante el estallido social y el proceso constituyente. Mediante un análisis del discurso basado en la sociedad del conocimiento (ADSC) se interrogan patrones de interpretación, clasificaciones, estructuras del fenómeno, estructuras narrativas y funcionamiento discursivo de los vídeos. Esto, en base a conceptos como dispositivo, conflicto social, representaciones sociales y antagonismo. En ese sentido, se releva la articulación de una narrativa antagonista que dio forma a una acción política en forma de denuncia durante el proceso constituyente.

Microrganismos endofíticos são, em sua maioria, fungos ou bactérias que vivem no interior das plantas sem lhes causar prejuízos, estabelecendo uma associação mutualística íntima, tornando as plantas mais resistentes a ambientes com estresse, enquanto recebem nutrientes e proteção. Estudos indicam a grande capacidade destes organismos na produção de enzimas extracelulares hidrolíticas como amilases, lipases e celulases de metabólitos secundários que inibem o desenvolvimento de patógenos. O presente trabalho objetivou a bioprospecção de fungos endofíticos isolados da planta Azadirachtaindica, com o potencial de produção de enzimas hidrolíticas e controle do microrganismo Macrophomina phaseolina. Os fungos foram isolados previamente de A. indica, armazenados na micoteca do Laboratório de Entomologia Agrícola B09 da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco e identificados molecularmente. Para produção enzimática, os isolados foram inoculados em meios específicos para cada enzima: lipase, esterase, pectinase, amilase e protease. O teste de antagonismo foi conduzido em cultura pareada, avaliando os índices de antagonismo. Foi possível identificar os gêneros Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Phyllosticta, Alternaria, Trichoderma, Phomopsis e Preussia, além de um identificado apenas ao nível da classe Sordariomycetes. Na produção enzimática, os isolados Preussia isomera (AI17B) e Alternaria sp. (AI30B) se destacaram, respectivamente, pela elevada produção de protease e pela diversidade de enzimas produzidas. Frente à M. phaseolina, apenas Alternaria sp. (AI30B) e Phyllosticta capitalensis (AI25B) demonstraram atividade antagonística. Com base nos resultados obtidos, a planta A. indica pode servir como hospedeira de fungos endofíticos com potencial biotecnológico e de biocontrole.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto combinado de dos tácticas de biocontrol de plagas: la biofumigación con Brassica juncea y la inoculación de Trichoderma harzianum, sobre el crecimiento in vitro del patógeno Phomopsis spp., agente etiológico de la cancrosis en el cultivo de pecán (Carya illinoinensis). Se trituraron plantas de B. juncea y se colocaron en envases de poliestireno en dosis de 10 y 30 g. Luego, en cada uno de estos recipientes se introdujo una caja de Petri con un disco con micelio de Phomopsis spp. o T. harzianum o ambos hongos (cultivo dual). Se incubó en cámara de cultivo. Los parámetros evaluados fueron la superficie de las colonias y el porcentaje de inhibición miceliar de Phomopsis spp. Los datos se analizaron con estadística no paramétrica mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: i) B. juncea no afectó el crecimiento de T. harzianum; ii) la dosis de 30 g de B. juncea suprimió completamente el crecimiento de Phomopsis spp.; iii) T. harzianum inhibió significativamente el crecimiento de las colonias de Phomopsis spp.; iv) la combinación de T. harzianum y la biofumigación con 10 g de B. juncea mostró sinergia sobre el control del crecimiento de Phomopsis spp. La biofumigación con B. juncea, la aplicación de T. harzianum y la combinación de ambas técnicas podrían ser alternativas promisorias para el control biológico de Phomopsis spp.

Phytopathogenic nematodes are a threat for agriculture, they cause plant diseases and economic losses worldwide. Currently, the pursuit of compounds of biological origin for nematode biocontrol has become a priority as an environmentally friendly alternative. Microorganisms-derived compounds have several strategies to reduce the populations of infectious juvenile nematodes. Although microorganisms and their metabolites are the focus of literature reports reviews on nematicidal control, interactions between fungi, bacteria, and nematodes, as well as the compounds that are generated in such interactions, are not highlighted. The aim of this review was to discuss the latest advances on chemical compounds secreted by microorganisms and their interaction mechanisms for biological control of phytopathogenic nematodes. Results were organized based on: i) mode of action, ii) infection process, iii) nematicide compounds, iv) interactions and field applications, and v) current challenges. The scope of this review contributes to a better comprehension of the versatility of bacterial and fungal compounds for their use in the development of management plans for nematode control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Del 14 de septiembre al 15 de diciembre de 2023, se llevó a cabo el proyecto educativo “Utilización de Bio4suelo ®, como una alternativa innovadora para el manejo de enfermedades de la raíz en el cultivo de Chile habanero” en la Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas de Producción Agropecuaria (FISPA), en Acayucan, Veracruz. México. El experimento consistió en comparar dos tipos de manejo agronómico (convencional y agroecológico) probando el producto de última generación Bio4suelo®, que es un compuesto de hongos micorrízicos del género Glomus y antagónicos como Trichoderma harzianum y T. koninngi, combinado con bacterias de las especies Paenibacillus polymyxa y Bacillus thuringiensis, que permitió un mejor desarrollo radicular y alta tolerancia a las enfermedades de la raíz. El objetivo del proyecto fue mejorar las condiciones de sanidad del suelo del módulo agrícola a través del uso del mejorador del suelo y su evaluación a través del desarrollo de plantas de chile habanero. Los Objetivos particulares de las experiencias educativas participantes fueron la adquisición de nuevos saberes sobre los sistemas de Producción Agropecuaria y la integración de los alumnos. La metodología consistió en el establecimiento del experimento en campo, la asignación de actividades para el manejo del cultivo. Como resultado se obtuvo el mejoramiento sanitario del suelo a través del uso del Bio4suelo®, y la participación y formación de 67 alumnos de las Experiencias educativas de Edafología, Introducción a los sistemas de Producción Agropecuaria y Botánica General.

Resumo: Este artigo explora a importância da ideia de hegemonia nas obras de Ernesto Laclau, destacando suas transformações conceituais ao longo do tempo. Laclau adota uma abordagem interdisciplinar, dialogando com diversas correntes teóricas, como o marxismo, o pós-estruturalismo e a psicanálise, proporcionando uma compreensão abrangente e complexa da hegemonia. Laclau demonstra, ao longo de suas obras, a importância das mudanças de abordagem, por exemplo quando substitui a ênfase no antagonismo pelo conceito de deslocamento e passa a integrar a noção de desconstrução como elemento fundamental para a compreensão da hegemonia. Argumenta-se que a concepção de hegemonia passou por quatro momentos: classe fundamental, antagonismo, deslocamento e desconstrução, em um processo marcado pelo diálogo enriquecedor com pensadores influentes, tais quais Antonio Gramsci, Louis Althusser, Jacques Lacan, Slavoj Žižek, Jacques Derrida e Michel Foucault.

Javier Milei won the Argentine presidential elections on 19 November 2023 to the astonishment of his detractors in Argentina and a large part of international public opinion. His incendiary discourse against la casta and his groundbreaking promises catapulted him to stardom on television, from where he began to articulate an electoral platform around a political identity with no roots in Argentina: libertarianism. However, in order to win the final victory, Milei had to articulate this new identity with the sedimentation of the previous period, presided over by the dichotomy generated around la grieta. From the perspective of Political Theory, we will question the specificity of this articulation and its particular use of antagonisms in order to understand the reasons for its success. We will explore the challenges and risks posed by Milei’s mandate in terms of civil rights and liberties, democratic memory policies and a whole series of elements that seemed to form part of an unquestionable political and social consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Studia Politicae is the property of Studia Politicae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo. Determinar los efectos de un programa de autoliderazgo (PAL), formado por ocho talleres y un enfoque de aprendizaje experiencial, en estudiantes de nivel máster que tienen una puntuación elevada en el RP antagonismo. Con la finalidad de procurar un aprendizaje más integral del alumnado, incorpora el desarrollo competencial emocional (DCE) y facilita, con ello, el desempeño de un estilo de liderazgo más prosocial. Metodología. Diseño cuasi experimental ex post facto (n=126), se aplican los instrumentos autoinformados de desarrollo competencial emocional (DCE) (QDE_A35) de Bisquerra y Pérez-Escoda, así como la subescala de amabilidad-antagonismo del Big Five. Resultados. Las pruebas ANCOVA revelan cambios significativos en las personas participantes con RP antagónico, al compararlas con otro grupo de estudiantes que teniendo el mismo rasgo de personalidad no participaron en el programa (Grupo de Control), en: (i) DCE total, y (ii) las subdimensiones de consciencia emocional (CoE), regulación emocional (RE), y autonomía emocional (AE). Por el contrario, no se apreciaron diferencias en: competencias sociales (CS) y bienestar emocional (BE). Conclusión. El programa de autoliderazgo analizado demuestra ser una formación que contribuye de manera clara al DCE del alumnado con puntuaciones altas en antagonismo.

The present study aimed to evaluate the safety, antimicrobial and technological properties of lactic acid bacteria from artisanal Colonial-type cheese marketed at streets fair in Pelotas, RS. A total of 73 isolates were characterized as BAL after Gram’s method and catalase test. All strains were gelatinase and DNase negative, regarding hemolytic activity, seven were detected as α and two as β-hemolytic, exerting 63 BAL that demonstrated sensitivity to the chloramphenicol and tetracycline antibiotics. The antagonistic activity was verified by the spot-on-the-lawn method and the evaluation of the production of bacteriocins by the diffusion technique in wells. Four BAL (C1BAL10, C2BAL2, C4BAL1, and C4BAL5) were able to produce BLIS anti-Listeria, extracellular proteinases, and of these C2BAL2 and C4BAL1 were characterized as rapid acidifying cultures. After molecular testes were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactococcus lactis. The results suggest two strains as potential candidates in the biopreservation of dairy products.

En este artículo, nos proponemos recuperar críticamente una serie de propuestas realizadas desde una sociología de las identidades políticas para analizar el proceso de co-constitución de las identidades políticas del primer peronismo. Nuestra atención estará puesta en torno a los eventos de la Reforma Constitucional de 1949, utilizando las interacciones entre políticos radicales y peronistas del período para repensar nociones teóricas bajo las cuales se ha concebido el antagonismo político. En última instancia, nuestra crítica se centrará en las concepciones que reproducen las visiones maniqueas de los actores, buscando, en cambio, recuperar una visión de los antagonismos como un proceso contingente y relacional.

Los nematodos agalladores afectan la producción de chile ha- banero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) y el uso de microorganimos antagonistas son una opción para su control. El objetivo fue evaluar consorcios nativos de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) y Trichoderma spp. (TRI) para el manejo de M. incognita (Mi) en C. chinense. En condiciones protegidas se establecieron cinco tratamientos: HMA + Mi, TRI + Mi, HMA + TRI + Mi, nematicida Vydate 24% (Oxamil) + Mi y un control solo con Mi. Cada tratamiento tuvo 15 repeticiones. El tratamiento HMA + Mi, disminuyó el índice de agallamiento, el número de huevos y hembras en un 56, 48 y 26.29% con relación al Oxamil. El mayor crecimiento de las plantas se logró con HMA + Mi con efectos superiores al nematicida y el control. Los tratamientos HMA + Mi y HMA + TRI + Mi promovieron mejor funcionamiento fisiológico de las plantas.

Digital platforms such as Uber, Rappi or Airbnb impose a labor model where workers are not recognized as such and do not have minimum rights. They are part of platform capitalism, a form of capital that uses digital technologies to impose a precarious employment relationship. However, faced with this model, application workers are beginning to organize and demand rights. In this article, I examine the ideology that platforms promote and the resistances of app distributors. I argue that, in the face of the imagined individualism of digital platforms, delivery workers are recreating forms of community. They have not been passive or totally subaltern but are displaying different forms of antagonism and autonomy. This paper is based on qualitative research with interviews of key informants and analysis of the documents of collectives and groups of Mexican delivery workers, both in Mexico City and in New York. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In plants, several chemical elements are found in different concentrations and formulations. Some of these elements influence each other, either through positive stimulation or inhibition. This study evaluated the correlation between nutrient contents and production components of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Viçosa-MG, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of six Jatropha clones transplanted 4.5 years ago, from the municipalities of Janaúba and Bomfim, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Yield was determined by harvesting the ripe and dried fruits, and the oil and protein contents in the grains were obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance. To determine nutrient contents, leaves were collected when the plants were in flowering, with yellow fruits and when the fruits were dry. There was a significant and negative association between grain yield and Mg content. Regarding foliar nutrient contents, the positive (r) significant correlations were between the following pairs: (N and S, r=0.554); (N and Cu, r=0.460); (P and Ca, r=0.420); (K and Zn, r=0.511); (K and Cu, r=0.506); (Ca and Mg, r=0.603); (Zn and Fe, r=0.662); (Zn and Mn, r=0.795); (Zn and Cu, r=0.574); (Fe and Mn, r=0.528) and (Mn and Cu, r=0.479); and the negative ones were between: (K and Ca, r=-0.596); (K and Mg, r=-0.673); (Mg and Cu, r=-0.506). Therefore, it was possible to prove the existence of nutritional interaction between some elements, as well as the effects on grain yields. This research will serve as a basis for studies to recommend fertilizer doses, plant improvement through nutritional efficiency, and studies in the area of biochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes lopezobradorism, based on political identities theory (Aboy Carlés, 2001a) and Ernesto Laclau´s concept of populism (2005). Assuming that lopezobradorism has constituted a populist political identity, this paper analyzes how this identity articulated demands and extended its electoral base between 2005 and 2018. Particularly, we highlight the antagonistic displacements and mutations of lopezobradorism as a political subject. In this sense, we observe that in 2005-06 AMLO presented himself as "the candidate of the poor" and established a political frontier between rich and poor, while in 2012 he was more centered on insecurity and corruption, trying to "reconcile" with some social sectors for his protest post-2006. In 2018, he accomplished to articulate his priority against poverty and insecurity, adding a strong discourse against corruption and trying to include politics, businessmen and famous people in his coalition; in this way, lopezobradorism suffered its last mutation establishing a frontier between "a corrupt elite" and "the people". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text analyzes Laclau's theory of contradictions and its relation with the logic of propositions and Hegelian theory. According to Laclau, opposing propositions do not necessarily imply an antagonistic relation, but in an antagonistic relation, when it comes to not fully constituted identities, the structure of opposition cannot be reduced to the form of propositions. Moreover, Laclau understands opposition in a Hegelian sense, and shows that antagonisms do not allow themselves to be subsumed in the reflexive structure of thought. In the constitution of subjectivity by antagonism, an external other is assumed which is not conceptually subsumable, as that which escapes the laws of conformation of the subject itself and which is foreign to the chains of equivalence that subject positions constitute in each social field. In summary, the text stresses that for Laclau contradictions can be understood both in the sense of the logic of propositions and in the Hegelian sense, and that, in the case of an antagonistic relation, the structure of the opposition cannot be reduced to the form of propositions, but requires a deeper understanding of the reality that escapes the laws of conformation of the subject itself and the chains of equivalence of the subject positions in each social field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arte & Ensaio is the property of Arte & Ensaio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The control of Dermanyssus gallinae in small productions of laying hens is carried out by using chemical methods. However, its indiscriminate use has generated resistance and environmental pollution problems. This problem has encouraged the use of natural substances to control mites. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of the bioactive citral (Ci), geraniol (Ge) and thymol (Thy) on D. gallinae under in vitro conditions using six concentrations (0.05, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5g/mL). In addition, the interactions of the mixtures of the three bioactive were evaluated through binary (1:1) and tertiary (1:1:1) combinations. The interaction between of the combination of bioactive was performed by using CompuSyn software and calculating the combination index (CI). LC50, LC90, and LC99 with 95% confidence limits were estimated by Probit analysis. The bioactive Ci, Ge and Thy show acaricidal activity on the poultry red mite. The combination of Ge:Thy and Ci:Ge showed very strong synergism with CI of 0.084 and 0.052, whereas Ci:Thy showed strong synergism with CI of 0.122 at a concentration of 0.05g/mL. The tertiary combination in 1:1:1 showed a higher toxic effect and strong synergistic effects at low concentrations with 100% mortality at 1g/mL concentration with a CI of 0.147. The combination of natural bioactive could be an additional way to control D. gallinae without putting the welfare of the birds at risk and would be an environmentally friendly measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 14 years of left-wing hegemony of the Workers' Party (PT), Brazil is today witnessing the rise of a conservative far-right wave, led mainly by the current president of the Republic, Jair Messias Bolsonaro, of the Liberal Social Party (PSL). Rather than making a positive or negative critique of Jair Bolsonaro's government, this article aims to analyze the main reasons that led to the election of the PSL politician, with the aim of understanding pocketship as a political phenomenon. Based on the theoretical assumptions of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's thinking about populism, we argue that Bolsonaro's rise does not occur at random. Before that, it is the result of a process by which a hegemonic populist discourse of the far right was constructed, in the context of a context of economic recession, popular discredit in national democratic political institutions and ideological polarization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Cuerpos, Emociones y Sociedad is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Cuerpos, Emociones y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of pesticides used in the agricultural sector for pest control has caused the deterioration of Colombian arable soils and environmental problems due to their excessive use. As a consequence, interest has arisen in the use of biological agents as an alternative method for disease control. Through qualitative research, literature review and implementation of a survey of 65 farmers in the municipality of Monterrey Casanare as an information collection technique, the objective of this article is answered, which consisted of determining the biological control techniques that exert a antagonistic against the control of phytopathogenic fungi, in agricultural crops in the municipality of Monterrey Casanare. Likewise, it is intended to design a protocol where each of the phases that must be implemented for the use of antagonistic microorganisms in the biological control of phytopathogenic organisms for the study area are observed. The results obtained reflect a high use of chemical methods by farmers that affect their well-being and the environment, likewise, with regard to the selection of strains through environmental, economic and technical criteria, it was obtained that Trichoderma harzianum Rifai is the strain that best fits the selection criteria and the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Estimate the effect of native Trichoderma strains on initial growth 45 days after sowing Catiknifap chili and control of the sedentary endoparasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) 97 days after inoculation. Materials and methods. Two experiments were established under greenhouse conditions, both of which included 12 treatments: 10 corresponded to each Trichoderma strain (C1... C10), a chemical fertilization treatment and one without Trichoderma and no fertilization. In the second experiment, in addition to the treatments consisting of the Trichoderma strains, one with chemical nematicide (Oxamil 24%) + Mi and another without chemical nematicide, without Trichoderma + Mi (control), were included. The treatments were established in a completely randomized experimental design. Results. At 45 days after germination, the tallest seedlings were obtained with the chemical fertilization treatment (20.42 cm). Treatment C9 promoted greater growth in root volume (1.36 cm3) and C1, C2 and C9 dry root biomass (0.058 mg) in relation to the chemical fertilization treatment, without Trichoderma and without fertilization. At 97 days after the inoculation of the nematode, the nematicide Oxamil reduced root damage by 39.74%. Treatments C1 and C9 reduced egg production by 90.82% and 88.64%, respectively, in relation to the nematicide Oxamil and without Trichoderma + Mi. Treatments C1, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 and C10 reduced the number of females from 67.87% to 84.33% in relation to the control and from 48.38% to 74.83% in relation to the nematicide Oxamil and without Trichoderma + Mi. Conclusion. Treatment C9, with Trichoderma, promoted the growth in root volume of the seedlings and with C1, C2 and C9 the dry root biomass. Nematode egg production decreased with treatments C1 and C9, and females with treatments C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C10, with greater effects than the nematicide Oxamil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consortia of native species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma (TRI) strains were evaluated in a greenhouse to control the sedentary endoparasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) on Capsicum annuum. Plants inoculated with AMF and TRI consortia were inoculated with Mi, and eight treatments were evaluated: i) AMF, ii) TRI, iii) AMF+ TRI, iv) AMF + Mi, v) TRI + Mi, vi) AMF + TRI + Mi, vii) Oxamil nematicide + Mi and viii) Control, with 15 replicates arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. After 166 days, the AMF + Mi treatment resulted in the lowest galling index (53%). The lowest number of eggs was obtained with TRI + Mi and AMF +TRI + Mi with reductions of 68 and 55% with respect to control, and 54 and 37% to Oxamil + Mi. Reduction of females was achieved with treatments AMF + Mi in 11%, TRI + Mi in 42% and AMF + TRI in 61% with respect to control. Treatments without Mi inoculation presented healthy roots and a higher average of agronomic variables. The AMF + Mi, AMF + TRI + Mi treatments, which included nematode inoculation, promoted greater plant growth, with effects equal to those obtained with Oxamil + Mi. The consortia promoted plant growth and exerted antagonistic control effects against M. incognita greater than the nematicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) are among the most devastating endoparasitic sedentary nematodes especially, Heterodera avenae and Heterodera oryzae, which attack a wide range of small grain crops. A survey was conducted in 2020 to determine the CCN infestation in the four main rice-growing districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Cereal cyst nematodes were found in 38.5% of the samples collected. Seven bacterial species isolated from the rhizosphere of different crop plants were evaluated against CCN. Among the seven bacterial species, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas geniculata caused more than 70% CCN second-stage juvenile (J2) mortality when applied as bacterial cultures, culture filtrates, and volatiles. Egg hatching of CCN was also reduced with the application of bacterial cultures, culture filtrates, and volatiles. P. fluorescens, P. geniculata and B. licheniformis significantly reduced egg hatching to 20% compared to the untreated control in which hatching was 65% after 72 hr. The results revealed that rhizospheric bacteria have the potential to kill CCN J2 and reduce egg hatch. These bacterial species have the potential to be alternatives to chemical nematicides for the eco-friendly management of CCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The toxic effects caused by agrochemicals have led to the generation of innocuous alternatives for the control of phytopathogens, such as chitosan, a harmless biopolymer with fungicidal effect. Therefore, it was proposed to extract chitosan from shrimp shell to control Pythium aphanidermatum and Sclerotium rolfsii. It was possible to obtain chitosan with 100% deacetylation and 457,000 g.mol-1 molecular weight, with which we prepared a culture medium supplemented at different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm). Its antagonistic effect against the mentioned phytopathogens was evaluated in vitro. The statistical analysis of the inhibition data showed that the different concentrations of chitosan had an inhibitory effect. The 200 ppm concentration was the one that presented the highest percentage of inhibition (63.82 and 91.67%) against P. aphanidermatum and S. rolfsii, respectively. Therefore, chitosan could be considered as an organic alternative in the management of these phytopathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política is the property of Instituto de Ciencia Politica (Universidad de la Republica de Uruguay) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo se pregunta por el contenido del discurso de Vox, para ver si es más bien post-fascista o neo-fascista, y por su forma, para conocer si piensa el orden como un espacio conflictivo o más bien unificado. La hipótesis que se presenta sostiene que Vox es un partido post-fascista, es decir, post-franquista, pues no se propone restaurar la dictadura nacional-católica sino realizar parte de sus valores en un marco formalmente democrático. En términos de forma, Vox sería un populismo atenuado, pues su tradicionalismo lo lleva a hablar en nombre de “España” o “los españoles” en lugar del “pueblo”, e invertido, en tanto plantea un antagonismo entre una “España/los españoles” identificados con la Nación y la Constitución de 1978 y opuestos a unas minorías (feminismo, secesionismo, multiculturalismo, “rojos”) que atacan y buscan destruir a España y su orden constitucional. Para desarrollar este trabajo revisamos la bibliografía más reciente sobre Vox y ponemos en marcha un análisis del discurso de Vox que toma como corpus analítico diversos mítines del partido, así como entrevistas y libros publicados por sus dirigentes

Introducción. La cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) es una hortaliza que se caracteriza por sus escamas carnosas susceptibles al ataque de fitopatógenos que causan pérdidas económicas. Los síntomas de tizón foliar y la pudrición del bulbo, pueden ser causados por diferentes géneros y especies bacterianas que pueden coinfectar al hospedante, lo que dificulta la identificación del agente causal. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de coinfecciones bacterianas en el tizón foliar y la pudrición del bulbo en cebolla. Materiales y métodos. Las bacterias fueron aisladas de plantas de cebollas con síntomas de tizón foliar y pudrición de bulbos, provenientes de cultivos ubicados en Choachí Cundinamarca, Colombia, recolectadas en junio de 2018. Los aislamientos bacterianos se purificaron, identificaron e inocularon de manera individual y en mezcla en hojas y bulbos de cebolla sanos. Se evaluaron seis tratamientos por órgano: tres con infecciones individuales y tres con coinfección. El progreso de la lesión se midió en ambos órganos durante doce días después de la inoculación. Resultados. Se obtuvieron dos especies bacterianas identificadas como Pantoea ananatis y Rahnella aquatilis a partir de los síntomas foliares y del bulbo de cebolla. En las infecciones individuales, la cepa P. ananatis presentó la mayor virulencia con un 34,29 % de daño en el bulbo y un 100 % en hoja, mientras que R. aquatilis generó el menor porcentaje de pudrición en el bulbo (8,87 %) y no produjo tizón. En las coinfecciones, la combinación de P. ananatis y R. aquatilis produjo los menores porcentajes de daño en el bulbo (15 %) y en la hoja (10 %), asociada a una disminución de la expresión de los síntomas. Conclusiones. R. aquatilis actuó como organismo antagonista de P. ananatis y provocó un retraso en el desarrollo de los síntomas de tizón foliar y pudrición del bulbo en cebolla.

Native bacterial populations in crown galls caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens may harbour bacteria of interest for biocontrol of this pathogen. In this study, we explored the density of native bacterial populations in crown galls of raspberry (Rubus ideaus) and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo antagonism against A. tumefaciens. Bacteria morphologically similar to A. tumefaciens were isolated from six gall samples and identified by virD2 gene sequencing. Bacterial population density was calculated by direct plate count on nutrient agar and R2A media. The in vitro antagonism efficiency index against A. tumefaciens of the most frequent bacteria was evaluated by dual confrontation on nutrient agar medium, and in vivo by inoculation of 1.5 x 108 UFC mL-1 in the root of tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm) plants under greenhouse conditions. By direct sequencing and biovar characterization, it was identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 1 in raspberry galls. Native bacterial populations in galls have variable density and their diversity is limited. By partial amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, 13 strains were identified with the highest frequency in the genera Pseudomonas (61.5 %), Bacillus (15.3 %), Alcaligenes (15.3 %) and Delftia (7.6 %). Among these, Alcaligenes faecalis showed the highest in vitro antagonism index (p ≤ 0.05) against A. tumefaciens, followed by Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas citronellolis. In vivo inoculation of tomato plants with these antagonists against Agrobacterium tumefaciens did not prevent infection; however, Alcaligenes faecalis significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the severity of plant stem tumours. A. faecalis is the most efficient antagonist in vitro and in vivo against A. tumefaciens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infestation of difficult-to-control weeds in a crop has direct negative effects on growth and development as they compete for water, light, and nutrients, in addition to hindering the harvest, and in the specific case of sugarcane they can reduce the longevity of the field. Normally, formulated mixture of herbicides, applied in pre-emergence conditions, is used to achieve a greater weed spectrum, longer residual effect, and lower costs. However, a mixture of two molecules can cause diverse effects, such as antagonism, synergism, or additives effects; therefore, it is important to know the interaction involved in each mixture used. In this way, this work has been developed to assess possible interactions of the association of the herbicides flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone applied in pre-emergence conditions, as well as assessing the effectiveness of the mixture control in Guinea grass (Panicum maximum). The study was conducted in greenhouse conditions in 5 L plastic pots, and the treatments consisted of a 4 x 4 factorial design: four flumioxazin doses (0, 50, 100, and 200 g ha-1) and four pyroxasulfone doses (0, 50, 100, and 200 g ha-1). The experimental design was the randomized block, with percentage control and residual dry mass evaluations at 35 days after application (DAA). The interaction data were analyzed using the Colby's model, and the control effectiveness data were analyzed using the F-test, followed by Tukey test, when significant. The effectiveness of the association between the herbicides flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone on Guinea grass was proven when applied in pre-emergence conditions with averages above 90% of control. The interaction between the herbicides flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone has been considered additive by Colby's model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivos: 1) apontar como o egocentrismo e o egoísmo constituem uma cultura de fundo que inviabiliza a política democrática e, no limite, corroboram o ódio como forma de fazer política; e 2) indicar a democracia agonística, como proposta por Chantal Mouffe, a partir de um debate com Carl Schmitt, como uma forma de fazer política mais consentânea com o pluralismo e, portanto, com o assentimento da alteridade como constitutiva do próprio fazer político. Metodologia: Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, o artigo apoia-se no método hipotético-dedutivo, mediante a pesquisa bibliográfica em textos que tratam sobre o tema. Resultados:Individualidade e pluralismo são características centrais do mundo moderno. Contudo, a afirmação excessiva da individualidade produziu situações em que se busca suplantar o pluralismo em nome do sectarismo. Uma cultura de fundo de reforço do ego parece descambar em muitos momentos para um forte egocentrismo e um individualismo brutal. No aspecto político, isso institui práticas alérgicas à alteridade que chegam a suplantar o próprio compromisso com a democracia, abrindo espaço para o ódio como forma de fazer política. Em oposição a essa perspectiva, o artigo indica o modelo agonístico de democracia, conforme sustentado por Chantal Mouffe. Em diálogo com Carl Schmitt, Mouffe defende que a política democrática é um campo de inevitável conflito, todavia esse conflito não deve se dar na forma de um antagonismo onde aquele que pensa diferente seja tomado como um inimigo a ser destruído. No lugar do antagonismo, propõe o agonismo, que significa um permanente embate democrático, porém em condições nas quais o outro não seja visto como inimigo, mas sim como adversário.

Las conferencias de prensa son una instancia pública que conecta fuentes oficiales de manera transparente con la prensa. En Argentina, el poder ejecutivo dejó de brindarlas regularmente desde el inicio de siglo y las dejó libradas a la discreción de cada administración. Esa circunstancia ofrece un caso para explorar el impacto de la ausencia de conferencias de prensa presidenciales en las prácticas periodísticas, con especial interés en el estilo en las preguntas realizadas por los periodistas. El análisis de las conferencias de prensa de dos administraciones con distinta posición con relación a las ruedas de prensa (años 2007-2019) muestran que los periodistas mantienen un estilo similar de preguntas, con independencia de la persona a la que se las formulan. En sus intervenciones los periodistas muestran bajos niveles de antagonismo y crítica hacia los mandatarios y una clara expresividad, evidenciada en afirmaciones más que en preguntas. Los datos preliminares permiten encuadrar el fenómeno y plantear líneas de investigación sobre el impacto que la ausencia de comparecencias puede traer al periodismo y a la cultura política en Latinoamérica.

Se realizaron muestreos de la filósfera de arroz (variedad GAB 8), en una parcela bajo la modalidad de agricultura orgánica de subsistencia, en Los Alvéos, Coclé, Panamá. Se efectuaron aislamientos de bacterias de la filósfera del arroz, pruebas de enfrentamiento in vitro e identificación de los microorganismos bacterias con potencial antagónico frente al patógeno Burkholdería glumae que provoca añublo bacterial de la panícula del arroz. Se aislaron un total de 64 cepas bacterianas epifíticas de las cuales 24 correspondieron a la sección apical de la hoja, 11 de la sección media y 30 de la sección basal de la filósfera, de estas, 21 presentaron antagonismo positivo (halo?4mm de diámetro) ante el fitopatógeno B. glumae, se identificaron las 10 con el mayor halo de inhibición, correspondiendo al género Bacillus spp (se utilizó el sistema API y secuenciación del gen rpoB).

A infestação de plantas daninhas de difícil controle em uma cultura exerce efeitos negativos diretos no seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, competindo por água, luz e nutrientes, além de dificultar a colheita e, no caso específico da cana-de-açúcar, pode reduzir a longevidade do canavial. Normalmente, a mistura formulada de herbicidas em condições de pré-emergência é utilizada na cultura de cana-de-açúcar, para se alcançar maior espectro de ação, longo efeito residual e redução de custos. No entanto, uma mistura de duas moléculas pode resultar em efeitos sinérgicos, antagônicos ou aditivos, portanto, é importante conhecer a interação envolvida em cada mistura utilizada. Desta forma, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar possíveis interações da associação dos herbicidas flumioxazin e pyroxasulfone aplicados em condições de pré-emergência, bem como avaliar a eficácia de controle da mistura em capim-colonião (Panicum maximum). O experimento foi realizado em condição de casa-de-vegetação em vasos plásticos com capacidade de 5 L, e os tratamentos constaram de esquema fatorial 4 x 4, quatro doses do herbicida flumioxazin (0, 50, 100 e 200 g ha-1) e quatro doses do herbicida pyroxasulfone (0, 50, 100 e 200 g ha-1). Adotou-se o esquema experimental de blocos ao acaso, com avaliações percentuais de controle, e massa seca residual aos 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Os dados da interação foram analisados utilizando-se o modelo de Colby, e os dados de eficácia de controle foram analisados por meio do teste F e do teste de Tukey. A eficácia da associação entre os herbicidas flumioxazin e pyroxasulfone sobre o capim-colonião foi comprovada na aplicação em condições de pré-emergência, com médias acima de 90% de controle. A interação dos herbicidas flumioxazin e pyroxasulfone foi considerada aditiva pelo modelo de Colby.

El uso de Trichoderma spp en la agricultura orgánica es importante debido a su amplio modo de acción que incluye: la segregación de metabolitos secundarios que inducen la producción de fitoalexinas en las plantas y su capacidad antagonista, además la antibiosis que causan la degradación de las paredes celulares de otros patógenos inhibiendo su desarrollo. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de cuatro cepas de Trichoderma spp sobre parámetros morfológicos y rendimiento del cultivo de maíz bajo condiciones de campo. La investigación se realizó en la Universidad Técnica de Machala, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, granja experimental “Santa Inés”. Se usó un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar, se evaluaron 90 plantas por tratamiento, 4 tratamientos, 3 dosis, 3 repeticiones por dosis, 10 plantas por repetición en las variables anteriormente mencionadas, los tratamientos fueron: T1: Trichoderma asperellum; T2: Trichoderma melanomagnum; T3: Trichoderma spirale; T4: Trichoderma reesei en tres dosis. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las variables que presentaron diferencias estadísticas fueron: altura de planta con T. spirale obtuvo 239,630 cm, número de hojas arriba de la mazorca en T. melanomagnum y T. spirale fueron mayores con 7,060 y 7,130 respectivamente, longitud de mazorca en T. melanomagnum con 13,687 cm, diámetro de la mazorca posee valores similares con las cuatro cepas, peso de semilla con T. melanomagnum obtuvo 59,410 g y humedad de semilla en T. asperellum con 26,933%. Se concluye que las cepas T. asperellum y T. melanomagnum con las dosis x1010 y x1011 UFC obtuvieron los mejores rendimientos.

El libro Siete ensayos sobre el populismo de Paula Biglieri y Luciana Cadahia, que abiertamente hace referencia a Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana de José Carlos Mariátegui, es militante y combativo. Luego de cada batalla argumentativa, hay un retorno a la construcción de la noción de populismo desde un eje ontológico y no meramente estratégico, que es antineoliberal, antifascista, internacionalista, militante y feminista. En esta apuesta se insertan los siete ensayos que componen el libro reseñado. Sin embargo, quedan preguntas sobre el papel de la circulación cultural, la hegemonía y la cultura popular en el populismo.

Copyright of Ideas y Valores is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Actinobacteria belong to a group of abundant microorganisms in natural ecosystems. Out of these microorganisms, particularly from the species of the genus Streptomyces, most of the antibiotics that are used for human health have been characterized and identified. However, they are seldom used as antagonists in agricultural systems; despite it is plausible that species of Streptomyces can control important root pathogens. The objective of this study was to obtain the molecular identification and characterization of three Streptomyces strains by confronting them against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, in order to determine the in vitro antagonistic potential and the effect of volatile compounds produced. The strains of Streptomyces were molecularly identified through the sequence of 16S of the RNAr such as: Streptomyces mauvecolor (B21), Streptomyces lasiicapitis (B22) and Streptomyces olivochromogenes (B37) which showed antagonistic potential in vitro against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora capsici. S. mauvecolor showed an average percentage of radial growth inhibition (PICR) for the three pathogens of 62.88 %, S. lasiicapitis of 98.72 % and S. olivochromogenes of 83.58 %. Similarly, out of the three pathogens, R. solani was inhibited in greater proportion by the three strains (93.85 %). A relevant fungistatic action was observed over P. capsici, an economically important oomycete, with 100 % inhibition at 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure with S. lasiicapitis, first reported as antagonist of root pathogens. The use of these species of Streptomyces with high levels of antagonism against pathogens of economically important crops, represents an alternative of low environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: The andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is one of the fruits of greater commercialization and importance in Colombia and in the entire Andean zone. This crop is affected by E. colombianus, an insect pest present in blackberry and other crops such as tree tomato, lulo, grape among others. Knowledge gap: The effectiveness of biocontrol agents in controlling E. colombianus under field conditions is not known. Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of the native biocontrol agents Metarhizium robertsii and Isaria fumosorosea using commercial products with two application methods. Methodology: The research was carried out at the Altamira Farm, in the municipality of Guacarí (Valle del Cauca), located at 2.990 meters above sea level. 120 plants were selected, and sample of individuals of E. colombianus was taken for reactivation of the fungi in the laboratory. Additionally, the initial population was evaluated, before applying the treatments, in an experimental design of subdivided plots with a 4 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Later, evaluations were carried out every eight days from the month of the first application, and over a period of a month and a half. Results and conclusions: The average initial population of E. colombianus was about 31 individuals, at different stages, in the 120 plants. The most frequently found stages were the first and second, from the root neck to a depth of 80 to 120 cm. The treatment and method that had the greatest effectiveness on E. colombianus was Metarhizium robertsii applied with an injector, which caused an average of 78 % of dead individuals, followed by I. fumosorosea with an average of 75 %. In contrast, the M. robertsii treatment applied. With a pump was the one that presented the lowest average number of individuals, with a total of 17% of individuals killed by the fungi after 45 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigaciones Políticas y Sociológicas (RIPS) is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regards the aquaculture sector, one of the largest sectors of food production is shrimp farming, however, it has been affected by diseases, including Acute Hepatopancreas Necrosis Disease (AHPND). which is caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which host a plasmid who produce toxins PirA and Pir B. An alternative method to control the pathogen is the application of probiotics, when consumed by the shrimp, give it a defense mechanism against pathogens. In this investigation marine ecosystems were evaluated and marine bacteria were isolated which, with the well diffusion test, showed an antagonistic effect against the pathogenic shrimp strain, where inhibition halos were observed from 1cm to almost 4 cm in diameter; In addition, these bacteria were characterized by a biochemical profile with the BioMérieux API system and by sequencing the 16S rDNA gene where the genera Shewanella sp., Vibrio sp. and Bacillus sp. The ability of these bacteria to be potentially used as a prophylactic and / or therapeutic measure in shrimp farms is of paramount importance, and avoid the use of antibiotics.

Introducción. La Pudrición Suave del Fruto (PSF) es una enfermedad precosecha que afecta a las musáceas. En renovación de plantaciones, las pérdidas por esta enfermedad alcanzan desde 0,3 hasta 1,2 t.ha-1.año-1 de fruta. Objetivo. Describir los síntomas de la PSF, a partir de los agentes asociados para evaluar a nivel in vitro posibles alternativas microbiológicas y químicas para su control. Materiales y métodos. La descripción de los síntomas, identificación de agentes asociados y pruebas de patogenicidad se realizaron a partir del análisis de tejido enfermo de frutos de 11 y 12 semanas de edad. El potencial de 13 formulaciones comerciales de cepas puras y mezclas de microorganismos, 4 formulaciones de cobre y una formulación de yodo fueron evaluadas contra los agentes asociados a la PSF, mediante la metodología del doble enfrentamiento. Se midió el diámetro menor y mayor del anillo de inhibición, a las 24, 48 y 120 horas. Se realizó un análisis de variancia (ANDEVA) con una prueba LSD Fisher y una probabilidad del 5%. Resultados. El agente asociado a PSF fue aislado de tejido enfermo e identificado como Erwinia chrysanthemi (Dickeya chrysanthemi). Debido a que siempre fue aislada del tejido enfermo, su patogenicidad se logró comprobar mediante los postulados de Koch. Se presume una participación conjunta de Erwinia carotovora (Pectobacterium carotovorum) debido a que siempre fue asilada del tejido enfermo. El mejor efecto antagonista in vitro sobre Erwinia chrysanthemi se obtuvo con los microorganismos Bacillus pumilus cepa QST2808 y Bacillus subtilis cepa QST713. El mejor efecto in vitro de las fuentes químicas evaluadas se obtuvo con la dosis completa y media dosis de sulfato de cobre al 28,8%, y la dosis más alta de Iodo-Etanol al 2,5%. Conclusión. Se logró identificar el agente asociado a la enfermedad, además, se proponen alternativas microbiológicas y químicas con potencial inhibitorio in vitro para considerarse en pruebas de campo.